Universal Process Research Articles

Determination gender-based hybrid artificial intelligence of body muscle percentage by photoplethysmography signal

Background and objective: Muscle mass is one of the critical components that ensure muscle function. Loss of muscle mass at every stage of life can cause many adverse effects. Sarcopenia, which can occur in different age groups and is characterized by a decrease in muscle mass, is a critical syndrome that affects the quality of life of individuals. Aging, a universal process, can also cause loss of muscle mass. It is essential to monitor and measure muscle mass, which should be sufficient to maintain optimal health. Having various disadvantages with the ordinary methods used to estimate muscle mass increases the need for the new high technology methods. This study aims to develop a low-cost and trustworthy Body Muscle Percentage calculation model based on artificial intelligence algorithms and biomedical signals.Methods: For the study, 327 photoplethysmography signals of the subject were used. First, the photoplethysmography signals were filtered, and sub-frequency bands were obtained. A quantity of 125 time-domain features, 25 from each signal, have been extracted. Additionally, it has reached 130 features in demographic features added to the model. To enhance the performance, the spearman feature selection algorithm was used. Decision trees, Support Vector Machines, Ensemble Decision Trees, and Hybrid machine learning algorithms (the combination of three methods) were used as machine learning algorithms.Results: The recommended Body Muscle Percentage estimation model have the perfomance values for all individuals R=0.95, for males R=0.90 and for females R=0.90 in this study.Conclusion: Regarding the study results, it is thought that photoplethysmography-based models can be used to predict body muscle percentage.

Charge-swapping Q-balls in a logarithmic potential and Affleck-Dine condensate fragmentation

We study charge-swapping Q-balls, a kind of composite Q-ball where positive and negative charges co-exist and swap with time, in models with a logarithmic potential that arises naturally in supersymmetric extensions of the Standard Model. We show that charge-swapping Q-balls can be copiously generated in the Affleck-Dine fragmentation process in the early universe. We find that the charge-swapping Q-balls with the logarithmic potential are extremely stable. By performing long time, parallelized lattice simulations with absorbing boundary conditions, we find that the lifetimes of such objects with low multipoles are at least 4.6 × 105/m in 3+1D and 2.5 × 107/m in 2+1D, where m is the mass scale of the scalar field. We also chart the attractor basin of the initial conditions to form these charge-swapping Q-balls.

On the Origin of Observed Cosmic-Ray Spectrum Below 100 TV

Recent precise measurements of primary and secondary cosmic-ray (CR) species in the teravolt rigidity domain have unveiled a bump in their spectra, located between 0.5 and 50 TV. We argue that a local shock may generate such a bump by increasing the rigidity of the preexisting CRs below 50 TV by a mere factor of ∼1.5. Reaccelerated particles below ∼0.5 TV are convected with the interstellar medium flow and do not reach the Sun, thus creating the bump. This single universal process is responsible for the observed spectra of all CR species in the rigidity range below 100 TV. We propose that one viable shock candidate is the Epsilon Eridani star at 3.2 pc from the Sun, which is well aligned with the direction of the local magnetic field. Other shocks, such as old supernova shells, may produce a similar effect. We provide a simple formula, Equation (9), that reproduces the spectra of all CR species with only two nonadjustable shock parameters, uniquely derived from the proton data. We show how our formalism predicts helium and carbon spectra and the B/C ratio.

A Validated Postnatal Depression Screening Tool and Guideline to Improve Evidence-Based Screening for Postpartum Depression in Ambulatory Care

Postpartum depression is one of the most common diagnoses for maternal morbidity and mortality, affecting one in eight women in the United States. Initially, there was no universal process for the identification of postpartum depression in ambulatory clinics in a regional health system caring for obstetric patients, which puts patients and their newborns at risk for severe and potentially detrimental consequences. A quality improvement project was developed and implemented with a pilot group in the ambulatory setting.

Direct observations of pure electron outflow in magnetic reconnection

Magnetic reconnection is a universal process in space, astrophysical, and laboratory plasmas. It alters magnetic field topology and results in energy release to the plasma. Here we report the experimental results of a pure electron outflow in magnetic reconnection, which is not accompanied with ion flows. By controlling an applied magnetic field in a laser produced plasma, we have constructed an experiment that magnetizes the electrons but not the ions. This allows us to isolate the electron dynamics from the ions. Collective Thomson scattering measurements reveal the electron Alfvénic outflow without ion outflow. The resultant plasmoid and whistler waves are observed with the magnetic induction probe measurements. We observe the unique features of electron-scale magnetic reconnection simultaneously in laser produced plasmas, including global structures, local plasma parameters, magnetic field, and waves.

High-reliability organisation principles implemented in dentistry.

Introduction/objectives Successful dentistry inherently requires high-reliability and situational awareness to provide consistent high-quality care. However, treatment errors still occur in dentistry as they do in medicine. The importance of avoiding error is elevated for dentistry due to the increased frequency of irreversible procedures in each patient interaction compared to non-surgical specialties in medicine. Although a universal protocol for time-out exists, wrong-site procedures are a persistent healthcare issue in dentistry.Data By implementing high-reliability organisations (HROs) principles to dentistry, improved safety and quality can be achieved.Sources There are five essential principles that HROs have been observed to adhere to: preoccupation with failure; situational awareness/sensitivity to operations; a reluctance to simplify; deference to expertise; and commitment to resilience. Deep examination of the potential vulnerabilities in dentistry, using HRO ideology will create effective process improvement strategies. It fosters a culture of accountability using systematic problem-solving as opposed to condemnation.Study selection Implementation of HRO principles will improve the existing universal time-out process, while placing quality and performance at the central focus of strategic success.Conclusions Dentists can adopt these HRO principles into their practices to create effective process improvement strategies.

Mechanochemical modification of crosslinked low‐density polyethylene: Effect of solid‐state shear pulverization on crosslinks, branches, and chain lengths

AbstractCrosslinked low‐density polyethylene (XLLDPE) is widely used in several specialty plastics industries. However, the permanent chemical crosslinks cause high‐melt viscosity and poor processability, preventing the material from being reused and recycled effectively. This study investigates solid‐state shear pulverization (SSSP) as a continuous, commercially viable mechanochemical processing technique to initiate the decrosslinking of XLLDPE for mechanical recycling. Post‐industrial XLLDPE scrap material was processed using SSSP with a range of pulverization conditions, which were correlated with universal processing covariants of specific mechanical energy and particle size distribution. The physical properties of SSSP‐processed materials were compared to as‐received XLLDPE and uncrosslinked low‐density polyethylene. While gel content tests confirm a gradual decrease in crosslinking density with a more energy‐intensive SSSP process, melt rheology and dynamic mechanical analysis characterization revealed additional chain architecture modifications such as branching and chain scission. Based on differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis, the SSSP‐processed XLLDPE retained its thermal stability and crystallinity; tensile testing results showed improved stiffness, strength, and toughness. These results indicate that tunable SSSP can transform XLLDPE into a decrosslinked, branched, and melt‐processable recycled polyethylene.

Smart Agro-Clustering Based on the Chain "Education-Science-Business" for Sustainable Development

The rapid development of technologies has made their adjustments in absolutely all universe processes. The accelerating pace of technology development, and constant crisis phenomena direct all interested parties towards clustering. The study is devoted to studying theoretical and methodological developments regarding clustering, the analysis of the current state of the course of sustainable development chosen by Ukraine and the achievement of goals within its framework. A special place is given to the aspect of financial regulation of creating an agricultural cluster. The analysis showed the need to improve the established clustering chain by adding schools as cluster members at the initial stage. The authors proposed and clearly presented a scheme of interaction between stakeholders in a Smart-cluster and described why this agrarian cluster could be considered smart. The resulting synergistic effect of creating a cluster is not only in increasing the efficiency of its work as a whole compared to the efficiency of individual participants but also in the mutual strengthening of competitive positions. To improve the financial regulation of creating a smart agrarian cluster, the authors proposed an algorithm that would allow the most efficient allocation of money depending on priorities. Forecasting needs to be reviewed periodically because it is planned that at the initial stage, the smart cluster will be financed by “locomotives”, i.e. profitable industries/enterprises; in the future, financing will fall on the shoulders of promising highly profitable non-resource high-tech industries/enterprises.

Highly stable and efficient Pt single-atom catalyst for reversible proton-conducting solid oxide cells

Reversible proton-conducting solid oxide cells (R-PSOCs) have been proposed to address energy storage and conversion challenges. However, under harsh operating conditions (550 °C ~700 °C containing CO2 and H2O), the application of single-atom catalysts (SACs) in R-PSOCs is challenging due to the migration/agglomeration of isolated atoms and the lack of universal processing techniques for catalyst loading. Here, we firstly report a single-atom customizing strategy to create four-coordinated Pt-O-Ni (4) that selective anchors Pt atoms to the B-site in Pr4Ni3O10+δ. The resultant SAC is thermally stable, controllable, and highly active for oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reactions, withstanding treatment at 700 °C for 800 h in air, and its electrochemical performance was improved by almost 100%. This work bridges the application gap between SACs and R-PSOCs, are amenable to the large-scale manufacture of stable, efficient, high-loading SACs for industrial applications, which can also be extended to Pd, Ir, Ru, and Fe SACs.

Database as an Experiment: Parataxonomy of Medicinal Plants as Intellectual Property in India

Bioprospecting refers to the scientific investigation of plants and folk medicines in the hope of developing new drugs. Its 1980s revival raised concerns about the intellectual property of indigenous people, requiring bioprospecting scientists to make legitimate benefit-sharing agreements with resource owners and communities. Despite the “ethical” look of such a movement, it has been criticized as a new form of “biocapitalism.” This is especially true in India, where the government has initiated databases of “valuable” traditional medicine, such as Ayurveda, and criticism has been directed at the way the complex composition of Ayurveda was disentangled and reorganized into elementary botanical units commensurate with the global pharmaceutical industry. This paper explores the politics embedded in the material-semiotic process of databasing Ayurveda and herbal plants. Focusing on a state government project in Uttarakhand, India, the study reveals how the project relies on colonial herbal relations while generating new and unexpected relations among particular medicinal plants (jadi buti), folk Ayurvedic healers (vaidyas), and local plant taxonomists. This study highlights the necessity of grasping the emergent biodiversity databasing initiatives in India as “experiments,” open-ended, uncertain, and indeterminate projects rather than part of a universal process of pharmaceuticalization.

A Universal Fluorescent Immunochromatography Assay Based on Quantum Dot Nanoparticles for the Rapid Detection of Specific Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein.

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the pathogenic agent leading to COVID-19. Due to high speed of transmission and mutation rates, universal diagnosis and appropriate prevention are still urgently needed. The nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV-2 is considered more conserved than spike proteins and is abundant during the virus’ life cycle, making it suitable for diagnostic applications. Here, we designed and developed a fluorescent immunochromatography assay (FICA) for the rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies using ZnCdSe/ZnS QDs-conjugated nucleocapsid (N) proteins as probes. The nucleocapsid protein was expressed in E.coli and purified via Ni-NTA affinity chromatography with considerable concentration (0.762 mg/mL) and a purity of more than 90%, which could bind to specific antibodies and the complex could be captured by Staphylococcal protein A (SPA) with fluorescence displayed. After the optimization of coupling and detecting conditions, the limit of detection was determined to be 1:1.024 × 105 with an IgG concentration of 48.84 ng/mL with good specificity shown to antibodies against other zoonotic coronaviruses and respiratory infection-related viruses (n = 5). The universal fluorescent immunochromatography assay simplified operation processes in one step, which could be used for the point of care detection of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies. Moreover, it was also considered as an efficient tool for the serological screening of potential susceptible animals and for monitoring the expansion of virus host ranges.

Comparing Curricula in Law and Using Innovation Lawyer Training Techniques: Kazakhstan and Russian Experience

The major distinctive features of today’s universities include the ability to generate knowledge andprovide an efficient training system for top qualification human resources which in its turn, requires improved academic curricula and extended use of innovation techniques in the training process. Currently,one of the drivers that shapes high quality education is represented by the efficient academic activitiesthat involve the use of innovation techniques. The article provides a comparative analysis of curricula inlaw in Kazakh and Russian institutions of higher education to identify the approaches to improvement ofthe training offered to future lawyers, while describing the importance of innovation techniques in training students seeking a degree in law, aimed at higher training efficiency. The key criteria relied on in thecomparative analysis include reviewing the academic content and mandatory disciplines studied at theuniversity level, as well as the choices made by students. The scientific novelty of the research work is instudying the peculiar features of the curricula for a bachelor degree course in Legal Studies, Law, as exemplified by Kazakh and Russian universities. The research findings suggest that the universal academicprocess, wherein special attention is paid to improved curricula in law, as well as to the extended use ofinnovation techniques, may significantly increase training efficiency.Key words: curriculum, universal academic process, innovation techniques, legal education.

Microstructural Origin of Propagating Compaction Patterns in Porous Media.

Porous rocks, foams, cereals, and snow display a diverse set of common compaction patterns, including propagating or stationary bands. Although this commonality across distinct media has been widely noted, the patterns' origin remains debated-current models employ empirical laws for material-specific processes. Here, using a generic model of inelastic structured porous geometries, we show that the previously observed patterns can be attributed to a universal process of pore collapse. Furthermore, the pattern diversity can be mapped in a phase space of only two dimensionless numbers describing material strength and loading rate.

우리말 혼성어 연구와 심리언어학적 실험

This paper introduces the method of morphology research using psycholinguistic experiments that started to support 'vocabulary-inference-based morphology' as an empirical method, focusing on research cases on Korean hybrid languages, and thus morphology using psycholinguistic experiments. We would like to share the prospects of research methodology. ‘Vocabulary-Inference-based Morphology’ is a study of morphology from a constructivist perspective, and can be said to be an aspect of functionalist morphology. By understanding all Korean words as observable linguistic phenomena, we tried to study the 'content and organization of the psychological lexicon', and not only tried to explain word formation as a universal cognitive process based on 'analogy', but also This is because it attempts to capture the situation and context in which the stored words are used in the communication process by including them in the function of the lexicon of 'vocabulary access and lexical information retrieval'. Most of the research up to now using psycholinguistic methods has attempted to verify the psychological reality of grammatical units that exist in various layers of morphological research by using a psychological experiment called a lexical judgment task and a statistical test for the results of the experiment. This paper intends to lay a stepping stone to help expand the basis of constructivist and functionalist morphology research by introducing such a research methodology comprehensively and concretely.

Experiences, perspectives, and advice for using virtual interviews in post-graduate trainee selection: a national survey of CCFP (EM) program directors.

ObjectiveDue to the COVID pandemic, restrictions were put in place mandating that all residency interviews be transitioned to a virtual format. Canadian CCFP(EM) programs were among the first to embark on this universal virtual interview process for resident selection. Although there have been several recent publications suggesting best practice guidelines for virtual interviews in trainee selection, pragmatic experiences and opinions from Program Directors (PDs) are lacking. This study aimed to elicit the experiences and perspectives of CCFP(EM) PDs after being amongst the first to conduct universal virtual interviews in Canada.MethodsA 17-item online survey was created and distributed to all CCFP(EM) PDs (n = 17). It explored the virtual interview format employed, perceived advantages and disadvantages of a virtual configuration, confidence in determining a candidate’s rank order, and PD preference for employing a virtual interview format in the future. It also elicited practical advice to conduct a smooth and successful virtual interview day.ResultsThe survey response rate was 76.5% (13/17). Nine respondents (69.2%) agreed that the virtual interview format enabled them to confidently determine a candidate’s rank order. With respect to preference for future use of virtual interviews, 23.1% agreed, 38.5% disagreed and 38.5% neither agreed nor disagreed. Inductive thematic analysis of free text responses revealed themes related to virtual interview advantages (time, financial, and resource costs), disadvantages (difficulty promoting smaller programs, getting a ‘feel’ for candidates and assessing their interpersonal skills), and practical tips to facilitate virtual interview processes.ConclusionOnce restrictions are lifted, cost-saving advantages must be weighed against suggested disadvantages such as showcasing program strengths and assessing interpersonal skills in choosing between traditional and virtual formats. Should virtual interviews become a routine part of resident selection, the advice suggested in this study may be considered to help optimize a successful virtual interview process. Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43678-022-00312-1.

Differential Effects of D-Galactose Supplementation on Golgi Glycosylation Defects in TMEM165 Deficiency.

Glycosylation is a ubiquitous and universal cellular process in all domains of life. In eukaryotes, many glycosylation pathways occur simultaneously onto proteins and lipids for generating a complex diversity of glycan structures. In humans, severe genetic diseases called Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG), resulting from glycosylation defects, demonstrate the functional relevance of these processes. No real cure exists so far, but oral administration of specific monosaccharides to bypass the metabolic defects has been used in few CDG, then constituting the simplest and safest treatments. Oral D-Galactose (Gal) therapy was seen as a promising tailored treatment for specific CDG and peculiarly for TMEM165-CDG patients. TMEM165 deficiency not only affects the N-glycosylation process but all the other Golgi-related glycosylation types, then contributing to the singularity of this defect. Our previous results established a link between TMEM165 deficiency and altered Golgi manganese (Mn2+) homeostasis. Besides the fascinating power of MnCl2 supplementation to rescue N-glycosylation in TMEM165-deficient cells, D-Gal supplementation has also been shown to be promising in suppressing the observed N-glycosylation defects. Its effect on the other Golgi glycosylation types, most especially O-glycosylation and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) synthesis, was however unknown. In the present study, we demonstrate the differential impact of D-Gal or MnCl2 supplementation effects on the Golgi glycosylation defects caused by TMEM165 deficiency. Whereas MnCl2 supplementation unambiguously fully rescues the N- and O-linked as well as GAG glycosylations in TMEM165-deficient cells, D-Gal supplementation only rescues the N-linked glycosylation, without any effects on the other Golgi-related glycosylation types. According to these results, we would recommend the use of MnCl2 for TMEM165-CDG therapy.

Tourisation Theory and the Pandiscipline of Tourism

It is argued in this letter that tourism studies, as an autonomous field of academic study, can better position itself in the COVID-19 era as a “pandiscipline” which synthesizes concepts and theories from other disciplines to better describe and explain tourism-related phenomena. Universal core tourism structures and processes, in turn, are captured in “tourisation theory,” which describes the increasing embeddedness of tourism in places as manifested in six tentative propositions and associated impulse, amplification, ubiquity, ascendancy, concentration, and endorsement effects.

Wall-Confined Spreading Dynamics on the Surface of Surfactant Solution.

A liquid spreading over another is a universal physical process in the nature, which was investigated by the scaling law to reveal the underlying mechanical mechanism over the decades. However, scaling laws are restricted to piecewise physical stages, respectively. It is a challenge to present a full physical picture for a dynamic spreading process covering a wide-spectrum speed. We propose a general wall-confined spreading dynamics (WCSD) model originating from molecular kinetic theory (MKT). It creatively illustrates the order and domination between driving energy and energy dissipation (or transfer) using a phase diagram according to theory and experiments. This work reveals the deep mechanical mechanism of WCSD which provides an indirect guidance on the solution processing methods of two-dimensional molecular crystals (2DMCs) growth.

Prior-free imaging unknown target through unknown scattering medium.

Imaging through scattering medium based on deep learning has been extensively studied. However, existing methods mainly utilize paired data-prior and lack physical-process fusion, and it is difficult to reconstruct hidden targets without the trained networks. This paper proposes an unsupervised neural network that integrates the universal physical process. The reconstruction process of the network is irrelevant to the system and only requires one frame speckle pattern and unpaired targets. The proposed network enables online optimization by using physical process instead of fitting data. Thus, large-scale paired data no longer need to be obtained to train the network in advance, and the proposed method does not need prior information. The optimization of the network is a physical-based process rather than a data mapping process, and the proposed method also increases the insufficient generalization ability of the learning-based method in scattering medium and targets. The universal applicability of the proposed method to different optical systems increases the likelihood that the method will be used in practice.

Does Early Exposure to Chinese-English Biliteracy Enhance Cognitive Skills?

Clarifying the effects of biliteracy on cognitive development is important to understanding the role of cognitive development in L2 learning. A substantial body of research has shed light on the cognitive factors contributing to biliteracy development. Yet, not much is known about the effect of the degree of exposure to biliteracy on cognitive functions. To fill this research void, we measured three categories of biliteracy skills (language, reading, and cognitive–linguistic skills in both Chinese and English) jointly and investigated the effects of biliteracy skill performance in these three categories on cognitive skills (working memory and attentional control) in Chinese L1 children who were exposed to English as L2 beginning at age 3 (“early”) or in grade 3 (“late”). In this cross-sectional study, 10 parallel Chinese and English language, reading, and cognitive–linguistic measures were administered to emerging Chinese–English bilingual children in grade 3 (n = 178) and grade 6 (n = 176). The results revealed that early exposure to Chinese–English biliteracy enhanced cognitive skills but with a cost of a slight delay in performance on Chinese L1 language skills in grade 3 (but not in grade 6). Importantly, the present findings suggest that, in addition to universal and developmental processes, the cumulative effect of early and sustained bi-scriptal exposure enhances working memory and attention in school children.