Survey Development Process Research Articles

Human-AI Synergy in Survey Development: Implications from Large Language Models in Business and Research

This study examines the novel integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into the survey development process in business and research through the development and evaluation of the Behavioral Research ASSistant (BRASS) Bot. We first analyzed the traditional scale development process to identify tasks suitable for LLM integration, including both human-in-the-loop and automated LLM data collection methods. Following this analysis, we developed the details of BRASS Bot, incorporating design principles of falsifiability and reproducibility. We then conducted a comprehensive evaluation of the BRASS Bot across a diverse set of LLMs, including GPT, Claude, Gemini, and Llama, to assess its usability, validity, and reliability. We further demonstrated the practical utility of the BRASS Bot by conducting a user study and a predictive validity simulation. Our research presents both theoretical and practical implications. The augmentation approach of the BRASS Bot enriches the theoretical foundations of behavioral constructs by identifying previously overlooked patterns. Additionally, the BRASS Bot offers significant time and resource efficiency gains while enhancing scale validity. Our work lays the foundation for future research on the broader application of LLMs as both assistants and collaborators in survey analysis and behavioral research design and execution, highlighting their potential for a transformative impact on the field.

The maternal and newborn health eCohort to track longitudinal care quality: study protocol and survey development.

The MNH eCohort was developed to fill gaps in maternal and newborn health (MNH) care quality measurement. In this paper, we describe the survey development process, recruitment strategy, data collection procedures, survey content and plans for analysis of the data generated by the study. We also compare the survey content to that of existing multi-country tools on MNH care quality. The eCohort is a longitudinal mixed-mode (in-person and phone) survey that will recruit women in health facilities at their first antenatal care (ANC) visit. Women will be followed via phone survey until 10-12 weeks postpartum. User-reported information will be complemented with data from physical health assessments at baseline and endline, extraction from MNH cards, and a brief facility survey. The final MNH eCohort instrument is centered around six key domains of high-quality health systems including competent care (content of ANC, delivery, and postnatal care for the mother and newborn), competent systems (prevention and detection, timely care, continuity, integration), user experience, health outcomes, confidence in the health system, and economic outcomes. The eCohort combines the maternal and newborn experience and, due to its longitudinal nature, will allow for quality assessment according to specific risks that evolve throughout the pregnancy and postpartum period. Detailed information on medical and obstetric history and current health status of respondents and newborns will allow us to determine whether women and newborns at risk are receiving needed care. The MNH eCohort will answer novel questions to guide health system improvements and to fill data gaps in implementing countries.

A method to assess bullying and harassment as an upstream determinant of construction worker mental health.

Bullying and harassment in the workplace are increasingly recognized as hazardous exposures associated with poor mental health and suicidality. The construction sector has one of the highest rates of suicide among all occupations and is actively engaged in efforts to destigmatize mental health support. However, there has been less focus on reducing factors that may be contributing to poor well-being among construction workers. As a step toward addressing work-related determinants of mental health in construction, we collaborated with a large construction union to survey members about their experiences of abusive conduct. We adapted standardized questionnaires to better suit the sector, such as by assessing "hazing that went too far" and apprenticeship status. Additionally, we included questions on reporting of abuse, concern about the impacts of abuse, and an open-response to allow participants to share their perspectives. We developed and tested a carefully-tailored survey of abusive conduct. The responses to the survey (over 3300, including 500 narrative responses) will facilitate data-driven interventions with the potential to prevent and address abuse. This paper describes the survey development process in collaboration with the union, domains of abuse that are relevant to the construction context, and the survey protocol. Through a collaborative effort, we developed an instrument to understand abusive conduct in construction and benchmark success in reducing adverse experiences of bullying and harassment. We recommend its use throughout the sector to reduce exposure to this well-being hazard.

Research analytics capabilities (RAC) survey: development, validation and revision using the Rasch model

PurposeThe research enterprise within higher education is becoming more competitive as funding agencies require more collaborative research projects, higher-level of accountability and competition for limited resources. As a result, research analytics has emerged as a field, like many other areas within higher education to act as a data-informed unit to better understand how research institutions can effectively grow their research strategy. This is a new and emerging field within higher education.Design/methodology/approachAs businesses and other industries are embracing recent advances in data technologies such as cloud computing and big data analytic tools to inform decision making, research administration in higher education is seeing a potential in incorporating advanced data analytics to improve day-to-day operations and strategic advancement in institutional research. This paper documents the development of a survey measuring research administrators’ perspectives on how higher education and other research institutions perceive the use of data and analytics within the research administration functions. The survey development process started with composing a literature review on recent developments in data analytics within the research administration in the higher education domain, from which major components of data analytics in research administration were conceptualized and identified. This was followed by an item matrix mapping the evidence from literature with corresponding, newly drafted survey items. After revising the initial survey based on suggestions from a panel of subject matter experts to review, a pilot study was conducted using the revised survey instrument and validated by employing the Rasch measurement analysis.FindingsAfter revising the survey based on suggestions from the subject matter experts, a pilot study was conducted using the revised survey instrument. The resultant survey instrument consists of six dimensions and 36 survey items with an establishment of reasonable item fit, item separation and reliability. This survey protocol is useful for higher educational institutions to gauge research administrators’ perceptions of the culture of data analytics use in the workplace. Suggestions for future revisions and potential use of the survey were made.Originality/valueVery limited scholarly work has been published on this topic. The use of data-informed and data-driven approaches with in research strategy within higher education is an emerging field of study and practice.

Knowledge and Perspectives of Developmental Language Disorders: The Pilot Development of a Survey of Professionals Working in Law Enforcement.

The purpose of this study was to pilot test a survey of professionals within the justice system about their knowledge and perceptions of developmental language disorders (DLDs) and to gather initial data supporting their knowledge and perceptions. One hundred thirty-six adults in Texas with law enforcement jobs, primarily police officers, participated in this study. Participants completed a survey consisting of 78 questions about their background, experiences with DLD, and beliefs about communication. Additionally, 42 adults who did not work in law enforcement completed the survey twice to establish the initial measures of survey reliability. This survey demonstrated sufficient test-retest reliability with adults not in law enforcement, and results indicated the emergence of two subscales within the survey. Law enforcement professionals appeared to have limited knowledge of DLD, and many linked language-related behaviors with credibility. A majority did agree with giving accommodations to individuals who struggle with language and reported interest in receiving training to recognize and accommodate DLD. This pilot study demonstrates a need for collaboration between speech-language pathologists and law enforcement professionals and provides data for a survey that could be used across professional groups in the justice system to measure knowledge and perspectives of DLDs. This work represents an initial step in an iterative process of survey development for law enforcement professionals. https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.25033718.

“The worst has already happened”: communicating sensitively with bereaved survey participants

Abstract Issue The National Care Experience Programme asks people about their experiences of health and social care services, including maternity bereavement and end-of-life care. The surveys aim to identify areas of good experience, as well as areas requiring improvement. Implementing surveys on sensitive topics involves a duty of care to participants to ensure the highest ethical standards and sensitive communication with bereaved parents and relatives. Description of the problem Under General Data Protection Regulation, there is an obligation to be transparent with people in the event that they are invited to participate in a survey. This must be balanced with sensitive and respectful communication with those who have experienced a loss. The mode of contact and timing of surveys requires careful consideration. Results Bereaved parents and relatives, support organisations and subject matter experts were engaged with extensively to inform the National End of Life Survey and National Maternity Bereavement Experience Survey, including the mode of contact with eligible parents and relatives and the timing of surveys. A detailed communications plan was developed to share information across social media platforms, radio and relevant websites. Communication about the survey balanced key messages on the aims, methods and eligibility criteria with a sensitive and time-appropriate delivery. Lessons Both surveys asked about the lived experiences of significant, traumatic life events. Participation had the potential to place an emotional burden on participants, who had to relive their experiences of loss. In order to limit the potential harm, bereaved parents and relatives were involved in all stages of the survey development process. Information on support services was included with all survey invitations and documentation. Strong response rates highlight a willingness amongst bereaved parents and families to share their experiences to inform improvements to care.

The ANZ hernia repair practices study: low consensus on inguinal and small ventral hernia management and infrequent long-term follow-up.

The ANZ hernia repair practices study: low consensus on inguinal and small ventral hernia management and infrequent long-term follow-up.

Nurses' Knowledge, Communication Needs, and Future Directions in Neonatal Research: Results of an International Survey.

Preterm birth is a significant contributor to neonatal morbidity and mortality. Despite legislative efforts to increase pediatric drug development, neonatal clinical trials continue to be infrequent. The International Neonatal Consortium (INC) includes nurses as key stakeholders in their mission to accelerate safe and effective therapies for neonates. INC developed a survey for nurses, physicians, and parents to explore communication practices and stakeholders' perceptions and knowledge regarding clinical trials in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). A stepwise consensus approach was used to solicit responses to an online survey. The convenience sample was drawn from INC organizations representing the stakeholder groups. Representatives from the National Association of Neonatal Nurses and the Council of International Neonatal Nurses, Inc, participated in all stages of the survey development process, results analysis, and publication of results. Participants included 188 nurses or nurse practitioners, mainly from the United States, Canada, the European Union, and Japan; 68% indicated some level of research involvement. Nurses expressed a lack of effective education to prepare them for participation in research. Results indicated a lack of a central information source for staff and systematic approaches to inform families of studies. The majority of nurses indicated they were not asked to provide input into clinical trials. Nurses were uncertain about research consent and result disclosure processes. This study indicates the need to educate nurses in research, improve NICU research communication through standardized, systematic pathways, and leverage nurse involvement to enhance research communication.

Educator's blueprint: A how-to guide for collecting validity evidence in survey- based research.

Surveys are descriptive assessment tools. Like other assessment tools, the validity and reliability of the data obtained from surveys depend, in large part, on the rigor of the development process. Without validity evidence, data from surveys may lack meaning, leading to uncertainty as to how well the survey truly measures the intended constructs. In documenting the evidence for the validity of survey results and their intended use, it is incumbent on the survey creator to have a firm understanding of validity frameworks. Having an understanding of validity evidence and how each step in the survey development process can support the validity argument makes it easier for the researcher to develop, implement, and publish a high-quality survey.

Prenatal oral health guidelines: a theory- and practice-informed approach to survey development using a modified-Delphi technique and cognitive interviews

BackgroundPregnancy presents an opportune time for oral health promotion and intervention; however, implementation of the prenatal oral health guidelines remains a challenge among prenatal and oral health providers. The purpose of this study was twofold: To employ a theory-based approach to identify high-priority Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) constructs with the greatest potential to impact prenatal oral health guideline implementation, and to operationalize and pre-test survey items based on the prioritized CFIR constructs. Identifying barriers and facilitators to guideline implementation will inform the development of targeted interventions that address gaps in adherence which can positively impact oral-systemic health.MethodsThe online survey development process employed three rounds of a modified-Delphi technique with prenatal (i.e., MD/DO, CNM) and oral health (i.e., DMD) Practice Advisory Board Members, cognitive interviews with prenatal and oral health providers, and deliberations among the research team and a Scientific Advisory Board (OBGYN, pediatric dentist, and researchers). High-impact CFIR constructs were identified and translated into survey items that were subsequently piloted and finalized.ResultsDuring three modified-Delphi rounds, a total of 39 CFIR constructs were evaluated with final input and deliberations with the Practice Advisory Board, Scientific Advisory Board, and the research team achieving consensus on 19 constructs. The instrument was pre-tested with four prenatal and two oral health providers. Overall, participants reported that the survey items were feasible to respond to, took an appropriate length of time to complete, and were well-organized. Participants identified specific areas of improvement to clarify CFIR items. The final survey instrument included 21 CFIR items across four domains, with five constructs included from the intervention characteristics domain, two from the process domain, two from the outer setting domain, and 12 from the inner setting domain.ConclusionsLessons learned from the survey development process include the importance of soliciting diverse scientific and practice-based input, distinguishing between importance/impact and direction of impact (barrier/facilitator), and the need for additional qualitative methods during interdisciplinary collaborations. Overall, this study illustrated an iterative approach to identifying high-priority CFIR constructs that may influence the implementation of the prenatal oral health guidelines into practice settings.

Concurrent 11. Presentation for: A seismic shift in engagement with the fishing industry? A case study of the Prion 3D marine seismic survey in Bass Strait

Presented on Wednesday 18 May: Session 11 The relationship between the oil and gas and commercial fishing industries could be described as strained and at times highly combative. The source of much of the conflict has been conjecture around the impacts of seismic surveys on the marine environment, and of course impacts to commercially targeted species. These relationships exacerbate the challenges for oil and gas proponents in progressing new exploration activities and the relevant environmental approvals. We provide an example of how genuine engagement and collaboration between the two industries, and their broader networks, can lead to a better understanding of the needs of each sector. In turn, this can lead to investment into research to address shortfall in knowledge around impact and technical advances to mitigate potential impacts. Directed research to address key knowledge gaps is a critical component for coexistence of industry in the marine domain. Investment in research that reduces uncertainty for all sectors is critical for future petroleum exploration and exploitation. Researcher studies undertaken during the Prion 3D marine seismic survey include: (1) whether novel seismic survey sources mitigate potential impacts to fisheries; (2) before after control impact (BACI) assessment and biomass studies of scallops; and (3) validation of sound modelling. We examine some of the key decisions taken during the Prion 3D marine seismic survey development process and discuss how these were taken and how things may have otherwise ended without genuine engagement by both parties. To access the presentation click the link on the right. To read the full paper click here

A seismic shift in engagement with the fishing industry? A case study of the Prion 3D marine seismic survey in Bass Strait

The relationship between the oil and gas and commercial fishing industries could be described as strained and at times highly combative. The source of much of the conflict has been conjecture around the impacts of seismic surveys on the marine environment, and of course impacts to commercially targeted species. These relationships exacerbate the challenges for oil and gas proponents in progressing new exploration activities and the relevant environmental approvals. We provide an example of how genuine engagement and collaboration between the two industries, and their broader networks, can lead to a better understanding of the needs of each sector. In turn, this can lead to investment into research to address shortfall in knowledge around impact and technical advances to mitigate potential impacts. Directed research to address key knowledge gaps is a critical component for coexistence of industry in the marine domain. Investment in research that reduces uncertainty for all sectors is critical for future petroleum exploration and exploitation. Researcher studies undertaken during the Prion 3D marine seismic survey include: (1) whether novel seismic survey sources mitigate potential impacts to fisheries; (2) before after control impact (BACI) assessment and biomass studies of scallops; and (3) validation of sound modelling. We examine some of the key decisions taken during the Prion 3D marine seismic survey development process and discuss how these were taken and how things may have otherwise ended without genuine engagement by both parties.

Identifying Student Misconceptions in Biomolecular Visualization in the Context of the BioMolViz Framework

BioMolViz is a community dedicated to improving visual literacy instruction in biology, chemistry, and biochemistry classrooms. To help instructors approach biomolecular visualization instruction, visual literacy concepts are catalogued through the BioMolViz Framework, which presents overarching themes that are subdivided into learning objectives and goals. A main focus of our project is the creation of open‐access assessments associated with each of the Framework learning goals. Through nationwide workshops held over the past four years, faculty teams wrote and revised assessments to probe students’ visual literacy utilizing the BioMolViz Framework. As part of a pre‐workshop activity, we asked faculty to identify student misconceptions in visualization that they observed in their teaching. These were collected, mapped to the framework, and coded for Bloom's taxonomy level. Frequently mentioned misconceptions of broad relevance to biomolecular visualization skills were mapped to the BioMolViz Framework and formatted into a biomolecular visualization literacy misconception survey. We present the process of survey development and invite educators from any higher education institution to contribute to understanding the prevalence of these misconceptions among student populations by participating in our survey. We hope the survey data will allow the community to develop better pedagogical approaches to biomolecular visualization through awareness of student misunderstandings. Our collective contributions can help our students overcome the most common challenges in biomolecular visualization while improving abilities in this foundational skill set.

Is sex lost in translation? Linguistic and conceptual issues in the translation of sexual and reproductive health surveys

Translated questionnaires are increasingly used in population health research. Nevertheless, translation is often not conducted with the same rigour as the process of survey development in the original language. This has serious limitations and may introduce bias in question relevance and meaning. This article describes and reflects on the process of translating a large and complex sexual and reproductive health survey from English into Simplified Chinese. We interrogated assumptions embedded in taken-for-granted translation practice to locate the sociocultural origins of these assumptions. We discuss how terminology and expression related to sexual and reproductive health may lose their conceptual or linguistic significance during translation in three different ways. Firstly, meanings can be lost in the negotiation of meanings associated with linguacultural and geographical variations of terminology. Secondly, meanings can be lost in the clash between everyday and professional sexual and reproductive health discourses. Thirdly, meanings can be lost due to the design of the source questionnaire and the intended mode of survey administration. We discuss ways to help overcome the unavoidable translation challenges that arise in the process of translating English sexual and reproductive health surveys for migrants from non-English speaking backgrounds.

Validation and refinement of the Stakeholder-driven Community Diffusion Survey for childhood obesity prevention

BackgroundWhole-of-community interventions hold promise in addressing childhood obesity. The COMPACT Stakeholder-driven Community Diffusion theory posits that stakeholders’ knowledge of childhood obesity prevention efforts and engagement with the issue contribute to successful intervention implementation. Building on completed formative research and pilot testing, we describe the validation and refinement of knowledge and engagement measures.MethodsWe assessed content validity using a modified Delphi process with science (n=18) and practice-based (n=16) experts. Next, we refined the survey based on input from science- and practice-based experts, cognitive response testing, and item analysis of extant survey data. Field testing of the refined survey involved community stakeholders in Greenville County, South Carolina (n=50), East Boston, Massachusetts (n=30), and Tucson, Arizona (n=84) between 2019 and 2020. Construct validity was assessed with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Two-week test-retest reliability was assessed among a subsample of 14 paired respondents in South Carolina.ResultsExperts rated existing knowledge domains (intervention factors, roles, sustainability, problem, resources) and engagement domains (dialogue/mutual learning, flexibility, influence/power, leadership/stewardship, trust) highly for their importance in addressing childhood obesity. Expert input resulted in 11 new knowledge items and 7 new engagement items that mapped onto existing domains. Correspondingly, two domain names were modified: implementation/sustainability and trust/trustworthiness. We also eliminated 8 extant items (4 knowledge and 4 engagement) and adapted item language for comprehension and consistency. Further modifications based on CFA results and item analyses resulted in 23 knowledge items across four domains (roles and resources merged) and 23 engagement items across five domains. Modified knowledge and engagement scales had adequate fit and strong item factor loadings (most >0.7 and all >0.5). Knowledge (α=0.86–0.87) and engagement (α=0.75–0.90) subscales had high internal scale consistency. Knowledge intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for test-retest agreement of subscale scores ranged from 0.50 for intervention factors to 0.86 for roles/resources. For engagement subscale scores, ICCs ranged from 0.70 for trust/trustworthiness to 0.96 for leadership/stewardship.ConclusionsFindings from this multi-method survey development process increase our confidence of the knowledge and engagement measures’ content validity, construct validity, and reliability.

Enhancing demographic survey protocols to characterise household dynamics that influence health – a participatory approach from rural Eswatini

ABSTRACT Standard Western demographic survey protocols fail to capture dynamics, such as circular migration and support networks, that profoundly influence the health of non-Western domestic social groups, typically called households. Enhanced protocols are needed because survey data provide the primary evidence base for health policy and planning globally. We present the participatory development, implementation and analysis of a novel demographic survey protocol, that aimed to better capture domestic social dynamics in rural Eswatini, southern Africa. The multiple-method study incorporated participatory health research about a community affected by HIV/AIDS, of which the survey formed part, and an ethnography of the participatory survey development process. Analysis of the data revealed limitations in the reliability and validity of standardised survey questions for measuring household membership, in contexts where circular migration and polygamy are common. Standard survey protocols potentiate double-counting members and misclassifying ‘child-headed’ and ‘female-headed’ households. They neglect social and economic dynamics that are known to influence health. Our novel demographic survey protocol provides a simple alternative method for capturing core data about circular migration and its impact on health. The study illustrates the contributions participatory and ethnographic research can make to enhancing demographic surveys.

Survey Instrument for Measuring Level of Preparedness amongst Healthcare Personnel in Radiation Emergency

Drills and exercises are globally practiced to investigate the level of preparedness towards disaster events. However, these activities are rarely conducted because they require substantial investment, specifically to budget and time. A self-reported survey may serve as an alternative approach, although it may not be as effective as drills and exercises. As part of the survey development process, this article discusses preliminary validation of a survey instrument to measure the level of preparedness towards radiation emergency amongst healthcare personnel. Prior to this validation process, extensive literature reviews pointed out that the instrument consists of three constructs of preparedness, namely readiness, willingness, and ability. A total of seven subject matter experts were invited to judge the contents for verification purposes. Randolph Kappa analysis was then conducted to analyse their judgment to allow irrelevant items to be filtered from the rest prior to any improvements. Initially, the survey instrument consisted of 69 items; however, the analysis omitted 16 of them. The following values for each preparedness construct were: Readiness (0.77), Willingness (0.70), and Ability (0.73). These findings indicate that contents of the instrument are valid. Further analysis should be fulfilled to complete validation process to ensure its practicality prior to using it as an evaluation tool.

Evaluating Conscious Consumption: A Discussion of a Survey Development Process

This paper is the outcome of a course project for Economics of Sustainability (Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts). Facilitated and under the direction of the instructor, course participants designed a survey instrument where questions and responses were developed to be indicators of behavioral bias related to the environment. The consumer good targeted in the survey was convenience-based coffee consumption, and convenience was defined by the use of single-use disposable coffee cups. The discussion highlights the survey development process including literature review-based expectations specific to each question. The paper concludes with next steps, which involve the administration of the instrument and evaluation of the survey results.

Orthopedics and Traumatology Inpatient Satisfaction Survey.

Inpatient satisfaction evaluation is essential for orthopedics serves. So the aim of this study was to develop a survey to evaluate the inpatients satisfaction in the orthopedics and traumatology service. The study was conducted with 102 patients (22 females and 80 males), who were hospitalized in an orthopedics and traumatology service. Data collection was performed with face to face interview. The survey development process was carried out in 4 steps: defining the problem and determining the subdimensions (1), composition an item pool (2), counselling expert (3), and reformation and implementation the survey (4). The final version of the survey have had 6 subdimensions: physiotherapist (1-3 items), inpatient administration (4,5 items), technical equipment and hygiene (6-8), doctor (9-11 items), nurse (12-14 items), and general satisfaction (15,16 items). In survey development process, internal consistency and item analysis were used for the reliability analysis. Cronbach alpha coefficient was calculated. The mean age of the participants was 41.43 ± 17.85 years, 85 of the patients underwent surgery on the knee, 13 on the hip, 3 on the leg, and 1 on the thigh. Six items were excluded from 22-itemed basic form of the survey as a result of the item analysis. The internal consistency of the final version of the survey was found good reliable (Cronbach alpha: 0.880). So health providers will be able to use it reliably on orthopedic inpatients speaking Turkish. Also it could be translate to other language to widely use.

Development of a national survey on foot involvement among people with psoriatic arthritis in Australia using a best practice approach: a survey development protocol

BackgroundLimited research to date has defined the nature and extent of foot involvement in a psoriatic arthritis-specific population in Australia and the scale of the problem remains unclear. Survey research provides the ideal opportunity to sample a large population over a wide geographical area. Although quality criteria for survey research have been developed, research shows that adherence is low and that survey studies are poorly reported in peer-reviewed survey articles, which limits the ability to inform future survey design. The objective of this paper was to develop a national survey about foot involvement in people with psoriatic arthritis using a best practice approach. This is a methods paper for the development of survey research.MethodsA systematic, multi-stage process of survey development was undertaken, which comprised 3 phases: 1) the generation of the conceptual framework and survey content; 2) the development of the survey and pre-testing and 3) development of the survey dissemination strategy. A survey best practice approach was adopted using iterative pre-testing techniques, which included; cognitive debriefing, cultural sensitivity review, survey design expert validation, subject expert validation and pilot testing. Targeted postal and online survey dissemination strategies were developed a priori to optimise the response rates anticipated.ResultsA 59-item survey with 8 sections was developed. Findings demonstrated a high survey response (n = 649), high data completeness (83% of respondents reached the end of the survey) and low rates of missing data (below 5% for 95% of respondents). Extensive survey pre-testing among the target population, health professionals and experts improved the overall quality, content validity, functioning and representativeness of the survey instrument, which optimised potential response rates. Clear audit trails that mapped the analytical process at each stage substantiated the rigour of the survey development methods. Robust strategies for sampling, survey dissemination and community engagement were deemed to have made a powerful contribution to response rates and the scale of information collected.ConclusionsRobust patient-centred methods in survey design were used to create a novel, high-quality survey to comprehensively evaluate psoriatic arthritis-related foot involvement. Transparent and precise description of the survey design and dissemination methods provides useful information to other researchers embarking on survey design in healthcare.