Processes Of Social Modernization Research Articles

Қазақстанның өркениеттiк даму перспективаларын философиялық тұрғыдан ұғыну контекстiндегi жалпыадамзаттық және ұлттық құндылықтар

Мақалада жалпыадамзаттық және ұлттық құндылықтар қоғамдық прогрестiң iргелi дүниетанымдық негiзi ретiнде қарастырылатын Қазақстанның өркениеттiк даму перспективаларына философиялық талдау ұсынылған. Өткеннiң рухани мұрасына көз жiберу арқылы және қазiргi қазақстандық философтардың философиялық iзденiстерiне тоқтала отырып, авторлар қазiргi қазақстандық қоғамның рухани жаңғыру векторын айқындайтын идеялардың терең гуманистiк мазмұнын ашуға тырысқан. Әлеуметтiк-гуманитарлық бiлiм өкiлдерiнiң негiзгi мiндетiне өркениеттiк дамудың басқа iргелi стратегиясын ұсына алатын, әлеуметтiк өзiн-өзi ұйымдастырудың жаңа әдiснамасын жасау, оныжүзеге асыруға мүмкiндiгiнше көп адамдардың белсендi саналы белсендiлiгiн ескеру жатады. Мемлекеттiң ұлттық саясатын ғылымның теориялық және әдiснамалық жетiстiктерiне сәйкестендiру қажеттiлiгi негiзделген. Жаһандық тұрақсыздық жағдайында дамудың идеологиялық және руханиадамгершiлiк бағдарларын iздеудiң маңыздылығы атап өтiлдi. Авторлар осы iзденiстегi iргелi бағыттардың бiрiн, атап айтқанда, жаңа әлеуметтiк институттардың қалыптасуы үшiн, Қазақстанхалқы ретiнде жаңа этномәдени бiрегейлiкке ие болу үшiн өз негiздерiн айқындауды көрсеттi Сонымен қатар Әбу Насыр әл-Фарабидiң қазiргi заманғы жалпыадамзаттық өркениеттiк дамудыңсұраныстары тұрғысынан да, сондай-ақ қазақстандық қоғамның әлеуметтiк жаңғырту процестерiнiң рухани-адамгершiлiк құрамдас бөлiгiн жаңартудың әдiснамалық негiздерiн iздеуi тұрғысынан да зормаңызы бар мұрасы қарастырылған. Қазақстандық философ Б. Қасеновтің шығармашылығы зерттелген, оның негiзiнде Қазақстандағы әлеуметтiк өзгерiстердiң, жаңа қазақстандық бiрегейлiк пен жаңа қазақстандық патриотизмнiң қалыптасуының негiзi ретiнде «намыс» ұғымы жатыр.

CONCEPTUAL BACKGROUND FOR THE DESIGN OF GENERAL AND HIGHER EDUCATION IN UKRAINE: HISTORICAL CONTEXT AND PARADIGM CHANGE

This article presents a discussion of historical context and paradigm change in Ukraine’s educational systems design and functioning. The purpose of this article is simply to alert the reader to foundational issues in education that tend to be under-examined in the post-Soviet space. The hope is that the article will stimulate further discussion by the Ukrainian audience, as this audience may consider relevant to specific conditions in Ukraine. These themes follow from Ukraine’s transformation away from colonial status to national independence and to general processes of social modernization. The intention is to stimulate thought about themes that may have been under-examined concerning secondary and tertiary education in independent Ukraine. The article highlights the cultural, sociological, and organizational complexity of educational reform. The paper emphasizes that educational institutions need to be recognized as quintessentially human organizations, that are not easily amenable to elitist or market management methods. A prominent, though not exclusive, role should be accorded to teachers and faculty, as the main “custodians” of education. Ultimately, educational reform requires corresponding changes to the basic culture and values of any given country.

Editorial: The Culture of Linguistic Literacy Development as an Indicator of Society's Consciousness: A Comparative Aspect

Perspectives of modern linguistic literacy in the context of integration shifts are directly related to the process of social modernization and the problems of forming critical thinking. Linguistics and the language of communication have a powerful and contradictory influence on the education of the younger generation, often becoming a leading factor in its socialization and social learning. The formation of a person's linguistic literacy should be based on the main provisions - principles that determine: the system of requirements for linguistic means and conditions as a specific educational direction; a system of requirements for the content, organization and methodology of teaching linguistics of the educational course.

Research on Digital Preprocessing of Minority Costume Images

The development of minority traditional culture plays a very important role in the historical process of the development of our Chinese national culture. However, with the passage of time and the acceleration of the process of social modernization, our traditional minority culture is gradually disappearing. This makes more and more scholars begin to attach importance to the protection of traditional minority culture. As an important part of Minority minority culture, the focus of this paper is to protect and inherit the Minority minority costumes images through the use of digital image processing technology.By analyzing the current research status of the digitalization of minority costumes and the related technologies of the digitalization processing of minority costume images, this paper proposes that the digitalization pre-processing of minority costume images should be carried out before the construction of the minority costume resource database, which improves the construction process of the minority costume resource database. Through the research on the related technologies of the digital processing of minority costumes images, combined with the minority costumes resource database constructed in this paper to achieve the classification and recognition of minority costumes and target detection tasks. This paper mainly studies the image segmentation, scaling, edge detection and other technologies, and improves the relevant image processing technologies, completes the preprocessing of minority costumes images, and constructs a minority costumes resource library that can be used for the classification and recognition of minority costumes.

Männer in der Krise

Abstract In contemporary German literature, diagnoses of the times can be observed that interpret social modernization processes as alienation and loss of meaning. The article examines whether the selected novels tie in with the culture-critical crisis consciousness of the turn of the century around 1900. This article develops the thesis that in Der Eisvogel by Uwe Tellkamp and Sieben Nächte by Simon Strauß, men appear as figures of crisis through which socio-pathological side effects of modern progress are articulated.

What Drives Regional Disparities in Educational Expansion: School Reform, Modernization, or Social Structure?

The aim of this study is to empirically investigate the reasons for regional disparities in educational expansion in Germany (i.e., rising rates of general university entrance qualification) on the basis of theoretically relevant influencing factors: changes in school policies, changes in social structure, or general social modernization processes. We pay special attention to the legal framework of schools, which has changed at different times in the German states. Our analysis is based on data from the National Educational Panel Study and on a database on the development of schooling regulations in the German states after World War II. For the analysis, we use two-way crossed random-effects models. Our analyses show that the modernization of school structures is only associated with increasing individual opportunities to access higher school education. However, this association disappears when controlling for social structure and cohort sequence. Rather, the educational expansion of the recent decades is characterized by a changed social structure and, in small parts, by general social modernization processes. In light of our findings, we argue that educational policy adapts school structures to societal changes, opens up new opportunities, yet at the same time reproduces and exacerbates educational inequality.

La expresión del malestar en Chile: cultura, esfera pública y luchas sociales

This article develops the concepts of the public sphere, cultural malaise and social suffering in critical theory to think of social struggles as forms of social protest and political protest that occurred since October 2019 in Chile. The article explores the thesis on social discontent, which maintains that recent social struggles are a public expression of the unrest cultivated by processes of social modernization. According to the author, beyond the normative justification in reasons and arguments regarding the conditions of injustice that affect the agents in struggle, the social critique emerges from the social suffering that finds its place in the materiality of the discourses, images and bodies in the public sphere.

NGUYEN BINH KHIEM'S THOUGHT AND THE BUILDING OF ECOLOGICAL ETHICS IN THE CURRENT PERIOD

Ecological disasters have affected all countries and regions around the world. It hinders the process of social modernization, and threatens the survival of all mankind. In that context, the building of ecological ethics becomes one of the urgent and practical needs to contribute to environmental protection, ensuring sustainable development. Researching the history of Vietnamese thoughts in the 15th - 16th centuries reveal that Nguyen Binh Khiem is one of the typical thinkers whose moral philosophy is not only valuable for that historical period, but there are still many values for all areas of today's social life, including the area of ecological ethics. In this article, the author focuses on analyzing his three typical thoughts, including: thought on loving peace; thought on nature, thought on the relationship between man and nature; the philosophy of living in harmony with nature, thereby drawing the value of these thoughts for the issue of ecological ethics building in the current period.
 
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THE PHYSICIANS OF GERMAN ORIGIN IN MINING WORKS OF THE URALS IN THE 1ST HALF OF THE 19th CENTURY

The article analyzes the contribution of physicians of German origin in the development of the medical sphere in state and private mining districts in the Urals in the first half of the 19th century. Their active involvement to the service in this distant region in the period under consideration is due to the escalating shortage of qualified specialists in the conditions of the new medical system’s emergence for persons who served directly to the state. The author identified 37 such doctors: the Russian Germans, mainly from the Baltic provinces, and the subjects of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy, and natives of several German states. This was the fifth part of all doctors who served in the mining plants of the Urals in the first half of the 19th century, which is basically more than the representation of other foreigners. This ratio shows the leading positions of the German medical school at that time. The author systematized the materials on the number, level of education, and motives for admission to the service of doctors of German origin, its place and conditions. M. G. Wolf and K. A. Time made the most successful administrative careers, became medical inspectors of the Ural Mining Board. For three decades, they methodically carried out departmental control of the medical sphere of the region’s private mining plants, sought to fulfill the requirements of legislation. The diverse, including administrative, activity of physicians of German origin made a significant contribution to the process of medicalization in the Urals, which is part of a more global process of social modernization.

Formation of life support systems for rural ethno-local communities in the context of modernization

Based on the materials of field research of ethnolocal communities of Tatars living compactly in rural areas of the Novosibirsk region the features of their economic adaptation to the processes of social modernization are considered. The characteristics of the main elements of the modern life support system are given, and the regularities of its transformation are revealed. It is concluded that the basic principle of formation of life support systems in rural ethno-local communities of Tatars at the present stage is the diversification of economic practices. It manifests itself as a combination of the maximum number of available modern and traditional practices, which allows the community to adapt to regularly changing conditions. At the same time, the entire structure of economic practices is in the process of continuous transformation.

Why do Ukrainians oppose land sales? The problem of legitimacy of private land tenure in post-Soviet society

ABSTRACT Millions of Ukrainians own land plots but cannot sell them, as the free land market is still restricted. The government of Ukraine is delaying the liberalization of the land market, given the negative attitude of most Ukrainians to the sale of agricultural land. At the same time, the phenomenon of ambivalent consciousness is observed in Ukrainian society, when the negation of the land market and the recognition of land ownership are combined. The article shows that the introduction of the land market encounters not only the resistance of people with anti-market views, but also the general problem of legitimacy of private property as a social institution. Based on a nationwide survey conducted in August 2019 by the Institute of Sociology of the NAS of Ukraine, respondents were asked to determine an acceptable option for land ownership. A detailed analysis of the factors supporting the various options of land ownership indicates that the problem of legitimacy has not only a socio-cultural basis, but also due to chronic impoverishment of the population and the unfinished process of social modernization.

Intelligent design of street lamp based on Arduino

In order to promote the process of social modernization, the traditional street lamps are also moving towards intelligent development. However, the existing street lamps mostly use a single LED lamp or high-pressure sodium lamp, which can’t cope with the complex road conditions in China. The designer proposes to install the monitoring system on the street lamp, design the fine artificial intelligence light distribution and color temperature regulation scheme, add the functions of positioning, alarm, repair, pollutant and rain and snow monitoring, and realize the data interaction between the street lamp and the user and the manual intervention of the user when necessary through the infrared Bluetooth Internet of things and other technologies. The design is developed, simulated, debugged and tested on Arduino hardware and software platform. The results show that the design is reasonable and feasible.

Ritualized Law and Livelihood Fragility of Left-Behind Women in Rural China.

Family separation in rural China has led to a considerably large number of left-behind women who have to deal with livelihood fragility. The Department for International Development (DFID) framework focusing on households provides a base to understand the livelihood fragility of these women. Based on this framework and the existing field research, this study identifies that the national macro-strategy of unsynchronized development of industrialization, informatization, urbanization, and agricultural modernization leads to a separated migration model for rural families. Furthermore, the process of social modernization increases the fragility risk of how the left-behind family functions. The traditional gender culture expectations also directly affect rural families to make the livelihood strategy choice of, “male working outside, female taking care of home”. Based on the above theoretical research, this study extracts the concept of “ritualized law” to shed light on gender differentiation and family separation. A number of formal social security institutions have been established to promote the development of farmers, however, the ingrained culture gender differentiation encourages men to work in the profitable urban industry while women work in the field of unpaid agriculture and shoulder the responsibility of housework. This makes the formal institution a symbolic ornament for left-behind women, while they are forced to stay in rural areas and suffer from the fragility of livelihood.

The peculiarities of women's socialization in the United States (turn of the XIX – XX centuries)

Throughout the XIX century in the United States of America firmly established the ideals of the “Victorian Era”, according to which American women were considered the home keepers, had to create comfort and coziness, while men had to provide for their families. However, due to a number of factors, namely social consequences of the development of industrial society, and thus, emergence of the middle class, the prevalent in the society ideas underwent certain transformations. The article not only discusses the origin of the concept of “Victorianism” in Great Britain and its interpretations in the United States, but also explains the reasons that at the turn of the XIX – XX centuries led to the distortion of the long-held beliefs on gender roles in the society. In examination of peculiarities of self-determination of the American women, the author employs historical-genetic method that allows to grasp the reasons, according to which the representatives of “softer gender” traditionally were engaged in private sphere of life, as well as to follow the evolution of liberalization of their views in the context of the United States history of the turn of the XIX – XX centuries. Leaning of the principle of systematicity, the author views feminist movement not only as an attempt of American women to earn their place in public sphere, but also as part of the commenced process of social modernization. The author demonstrates how the American women, influenced by the subjective and objective factors, gradually were earning their place in public sphere, while changing their character, image and lifestyle. The article outlines the key difficulties faced by women at the turn of the XIX –XX centuries in their attempt overcome the traditional beliefs prevalent in the United States. An important role played their gender self-determination, which reflected sociocultural stereotypes established in the American society, as well as the new trends of socialization and professionalization of an individual.

ПРОЄКТ «НОВА ЛЮДИНА» В УКРАЇНСЬКІЙ ІСТОРІЇ СОЦІАЛЬНОЇ ІНЖЕНЕРІЇ: КОМУНІКАЦІЙНІ ВИМІРИ

<div><p><em>The article looks into communication models of implementing the New Man project in recent Ukrainian history. The scientific novelty of this research implies thorough analysis of historical facts and communication processes through the lens of social engineering. The author draws on extensive theoretical material for a comprehensive interpretation of the social engineering concept. In this research social engineering in understood as an efficient technological model of managing social objects that is capable of working productively in crisis points of social, economic, and political development. Therefore, its main tool is a step-by-step system reform with ongoing communication support and careful forecasting of possible developments. However, recent world history has presented facts of radical social engineering when social modernization processes went hand in hand with political repressions, genocide programs, information blockade and massive propaganda. Unfortunately, in Ukraine the New Person project was implemented in the context of establishing a totalitarian regime. The author argues that the project of creating a New/Soviet Person turned into a communication platform of the Soviet regime establishment; it was implemented through the Bolsheviks’ well-planned information and cultural policies, pedagogical and educational technologies. The article shows the dynamics of the New Man concept transformation into the ideological construct of Soviet people ubiquitous in public discourse of the Stalinism era. The researcher analyzes cultural and scientific roots of the Soviet People project and concludes that under favorable historical progress Ukraine could have implemented truly effective social development projects.</em></p></div><p><strong><em>Key words:</em></strong><em> eugenics, New Man, Soviet people, social engineering, communication technologies, propaganda.</em></p>

W okresie powolnej modernizacji. Kobieta w II Rzeczypospolitej – próba bilansu

In the period of slow modernization: Women in the Second Republic of Poland – conclusions The First World War was an important factor in social modernization, bringing a new order of gender in public space. Among the most important changes in the situation of women in the post-war period, historians mention: obtaining full citizenship rights and broad access to education, increasing professional and educational aspirations, the evolution of intra-family relationships, increasing the proportion of active women, loosening of moral norms and a revolution in women’s fashion. Nevertheless, in the Second Republic, there was a visible widening of women’s life opportunities and increase of their independence in many areas of social life and in the public sphere. The granting of passive and active electoral law became the symbol of changes that took place in the social position of women after Poland regained its independence in November 1918. The aim of this article is to discuss the most important aspects of women’s participation in the political and social life of the Second Republic (1918–1939), as well as to follow social modernization processes in the context of women’s situation: labor market opportunities, educational aspirations, political activity, and changes in family and fashion. Another goal is the analysis of social structures that had the most powerful impact on women’s lives: tradition, economics, law.

A History of the Girl: Formation, Education and Identity ed. by Mary O'Dowd, June Purvis

Reviewed by: A History of the Girl: Formation, Education and Identity ed. by Mary O'Dowd, June Purvis Kathryn Gleadle A History of the Girl: Formation, Education and Identity. Edited by Mary O'Dowd and June Purvis. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2018. xiii + 266 pp. Cloth $99.99, paper $99.99. This wide-ranging collection, which consists of an introduction and twelve further chapters, originated in a panel on girlhood history that took place at the Congress of the International Committee of Historians held in Jinan, China, in 2015. The fourteen contributors have taken diverse approaches to their task. June Purvis, for example, has experimented with an analytical group biography in her discussion of the political socialization of the Pankhurst sisters, while a fascinating essay by Isobelle Barrett Meyering outlines the ways in which the voices of girls themselves constituted a challenge to twentieth-century sex role socialization theory. Two chapters are jointly authored exercises in comparative history, exploring young women's lives in China and Europe. Alison Mackinnon's contribution also has an ambitious range, incorporating data from the Anglophone world as well as Iran, Afghanistan, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, and China in her exploration of female higher education. Notwithstanding the temporal and geographical breadth of the book, intellectual coherence has been achieved through attention to the themes of education, work, and life cycle. Treatment of these issues varies considerably, as one might expect. Yan Hu's study of the "Biopolitics of Dai Girls" includes a case study exploring "the girls' perspective," which focuses on two individuals aged nineteen years and twenty-four years—ages that might be considered "adulthood" in some contexts. Hu's approach, rooted in oral interviews, could be characterized as "optimistic" in the emphasis she places on young females' ability to make active choices in employment and migration decisions—part of a "globalisation from below" perspective. Sophie Brouquet, another "optimist," [End Page 497] also points to the freedom and greater mobility enjoyed by pre-marriage teenage girls, this time in early medieval Europe. In contrast, Oluwakemi A. Adesina emphasizes the acute vulnerability of migrant girl hawkers in mid-twentieth century Lagos. A number of chapters tease apart the social categorization of "girlhood" itself. Mary O'Dowd uses psychological literature on adolescence, suggesting the utility of a tripartite approach to female youth—distinguishing between the different stages of "preteen" (from age nine or ten to thirteen); "middle teen" (from ages fourteen to seventeen or eighteen); and "early adulthood" (from the late teens to the early twenties). While O'Dowd argues for the benefit in applying these modern theories of adolescence to earlier historical periods, Ann Waltner and Mary Jo Maynes underline the cultural specificity of conceptions of life course development. In early nineteenth-century China they observe how the resilience of household production and the practice of early female marriage brings into question the whole concept of female "youth." It has, they indicate, "no precise counterpart in Chinese history" (78). Two studies contend that government policy and social reform can play a key role in demarcating the stages of "girlhood" and young womanhood. Asha Islam Nayeem concludes that colonial educational policies (especially the introduction of age-stratified education) enabled the category of "girl" in Bengal. Alison Mackinnon points to the significance of female higher education in shifting the boundaries of "girlhood" and "womanhood" through establishing "new transition points into womanhood." However, whereas Georgeta Nazarska's chapter on Bulgarian girls finds that educational outcomes contributed to wider processes of social modernization (a finding that also resonates with Nayeem's argument), Mackinnon cautions that in many contexts, female education is not necessarily accompanied by progressivism in other areas of social reform. Marja van Tilburg strikes a similarly cautious note in her reading of nineteenth-century Dutch advice books. Although only a small number of texts are cited, van Tilburg's thesis, that the advent of the concept of "adolescence" at the end of the nineteenth century actually narrowed the discursive landscape for young females, is thought provoking. The majority of the chapters appear to emerge from an intellectual engagement with women's studies and women's history rather than from childhood scholarship per se. The latter has, in recent years...

Region – city – social space as key concepts of socio-economic geography

Abstract Terminology, that helps to organise research issues, is a significant component of each scientific discipline. In socio-economic geography, such expressions include concepts of a region, a city, or a social space. They are not disjunctive ideas – for example, we find a concept of an urban region where a social space can refer to a city, or a region, and at the same time regional, urban and social research can investigate these same areas. Concepts may also illustrate a specific model of an explanation in science, a particular stage of methodological development of the discipline, or a vision of the world. Bearing in mind the complexity of methodological issues, which is only briefly mentioned here, as well as a multiplicity of definitions of terminological concepts (region, city, social space), the author’s intention was to compare the premises of occurrence of the concepts and their consequences for the development of socio-economic geography. The increases in complexity of socio-economic changes as an effect of the overlapping processes of social modernization, restructuring of economic space, and suburbanization were itemised. The main research tool in this case is the deductive reasoning procedure leading to the generalization of the output of regional and urban research, as well as existing analyses of social space. The rationale for investigating the problem arose from the significance of the above-mentioned research, both the ones carried out during the previous stages of development of socio-economic geography as well as contemporary research trends. The crucial aspect here is the increase in complexity of these processes, and the spatial and functional structures leading to the transition from simple post-modernity to a risk society. Therefore, application of regional, urban and social research is also important, especially in the context of the process of depopulation, and “shrinkage” of cities and regions. It affects the possibilities of creating urban or regional policy. The rationale for investigating the problem also results from periodic necessity to synthesize the research on basic terminological issues, especially in the periods when changes of socio-economic and spatial conditions occur, and affect transformation of the existing set of the basic concepts.

Metamorfozy domeny publicznej i ich janusowe oblicze społeczne

Celem artykułu jest ukazanie niektórych tendencji w przemianach zachodzących współcześnie w domenie publicznej i zwrócenie uwagi na pewne analogie, jakie występują pomiędzy zmianami w przestrzeni miejskiej a społecznymi procesami modernizacyjnymi, które toczą się w szerszej, ogólnokrajowej skali. Oprócz wstępu i podsumowania, tekst składa się z dwóch głównych części – poświęconej ogólniejszym rozważaniom oraz empirycznej. W części pierwszej przedstawiono bardziej generalne kwestie dotyczące natury i znaczenia miejskiej przestrzeni publicznej oraz sposobów ingerowania w jej kształt, z uwględnieniem zwłaszcza zjawisk określanych mianem rewitalizacji i gentryfikacji. Natomiast w części drugiej, tytułem ilustracji, omówiono pokrótce trzy konkretne przypadki unowocześniających oddziaływań o różnym charakterze i skutkach, jakie wystąpiły w ostatnich latach w Warszawie.

Transformation of the urban patterns of istanbul under the effects of the modernization during the ottoman period

Westernization of Turkey arose from the declaration of The Tanzimat Charter in 1839 . .The modernization of Ottoman Empire inevitably brought changes into the administrative, socio-economic and spatial organization of the cities as well as in the lifestyles of urban dwellers Urbanization and economic, cultural, social modernization processes create new buildings and establishments . The spread of particular techniques and concepts of urban intervention that were developed in some Western countries and saw their influences in other Western countries and non-Western countries have also resulted in changes in the urban pattern. The spread of ideas and some planning approach in Turkey is thanks to Western engineers and architects for applying the new planning models throughout after the great fires of Istanbul in the 19 th century. The implementation of Western origin urban planning principles, modern technology and the image of Western cities have affected the formation of new urban development and reconstruction activities in Turkish cities especially in Istanbul. The aim of this paper is to analyse the effects of planning practices initiated by the urban reforms of Tanzimat on the urban pattern of Istanbul. These analyses are based on a hypothesis, as the Turkish planning practices in Tanzimat period were influenced by Western planning practices.