Process Of Self-determination Research Articles

Social identity and narrative perspectives

Balázs Kézdi, in his work entitled Identity and Culture (2001), draws attention to the fact that the concept of identity is ambiguous and overdetermined not only in social science discourse but also in psychology because the concepts of "self" and selfdefinition are often mixed up with the concepts of self-definition. Different theories emphasise different characteristics depending on whether the self is a personal or a social self-definition and whether the process of identification is interpreted as static or situational. Over the last few decades, the psychological literature on identity has increasingly emphasised the narrative nature of identity. This means that people form their interpretations of the world through narratives (including self-narratives), and these narratives are inseparable from the concept of self-determination (László, 2005). The following paper discusses the particular case of collective identity and significant group identification, including the issue of national identity and the role of collective memories. Accordingly, it focuses first on the psychological and cultural approach to the process of peer self-determination, followed by the group history and the resulting theoretical considerations.

The Role of Value Orientations of High School Students in the Process of Choosing a Professional Activity

This article delves into the intricate details of research that focuses on analyzing specific aspects of value orientation in the process of high school students determining their future professional paths. The study delves into the essence of self-determination in the professional realm, identifies the problem, offers solutions, and pinpoints factors for successful implementation. It underscores the crucial role of a complex value orientation in personality development and individuality formation. An individual's attitude towards themselves, the world, and the future, including their career, is reflected through priorities and values. These value orientations can serve as a dependable guide for high school students when making successful professional choices. The conducted research supports the hypothesis that value orientation is an essential factor in shaping a mature personality. Value orientation plays a pivotal role in making informed decisions about future careers. Labor value orientations are particularly important and can serve as a solid foundation for high school students as they navigate their professional paths.The purpose of this study is to study the influence of Labor value orientation on the process of professional self-determination of modern high school students.To achieve the purpose of the research, various methodological approaches are used, including systemic, socio-psychological and axiological approaches oriented on the humanist principle. Various methods have been used to conduct research, including theoretical analysis of scientific research, organizational approaches, and empirical methods such as observation, questionnaires, and psychodiagnostic methods.This article conducted a bibliometric analysis of the problem, as well as empirical research. Thanks to the experiment carried out, it turned out that most of the high school students surveyed suffer from a certain anxiety that prevents them from choosing professional preferences that correspond to their abilities, desires and needs.

Phenomenology of Coping Strategies and Stress Among High School Adolescents

Stress cannot be avoided even by a teenager in high school. Some people use coping strategies to reduce stress. Coping strategies allow for more targeted and effective psychological interventions and will increase a person's ability to manage stress. The aim of this research is to analyze adolescents' coping strategies and stress. This research is a type of qualitative research using phenomenological methods. Research location High school. Determining research topics is inherently a snowball. The informants for this research were high school adolescents, teachers, and parents. The primary data collection technique involves conducting in-depth interviews using multiple informant interview guidelines. The process of data analysis includes: data reduction, data categorization, synthesis and ends with the development of a working hypothesis. Research findings revealed that adolescents are always stressed because stressors are always present in their lives. Internal and external sources of stress in adolescents have been found. Internal drivers of adolescent stress such as temperament, attachment, mastery, and self-determination processes. External factors observed in adolescents are social conditions, parental models and school processes. Several types of adolescent coping strategies have been shown to be adaptive and maladaptive. Adaptive coping strategies include reflection and self-reflection. Maladaptive coping strategies have been found to involve avoiding problems. Socialize to adolescents, parents and schools how to know adolescents better and help them in the developmental phase of searching for their own identity. The help of parents and stakeholders such as the school community is very important in this matter.

ВЗАЄМОЗВ’ЯЗОК ТИПІВ СІМЕЙНОГО ВИХОВАННЯ ТА ПРОЦЕСУ САМОСТАВЛЕННЯ ОСІБ ПІДЛІТКОВОГО ВІКУ

The article empirically investigates the relationship between the process of self-determination in teenagers and the parenting styles of relatives. Adolescence is perceived as a period when developmental contradictions become particularly acute. It is during this period of life that the child becomes aware of his individuality, his attitude to the surrounding world, himself, other people changes, needs, motives, and behavior are restructured. In this regard, the child needs to reconcile his needs with the expectations of others and the requirements of social norms. The style of family upbringing plays an important role in the development of a child’s personality. In the process of education, it is important for parents to know and take into account the age characteristics of children, to have a certain level of knowledge in psychology and physiology, and an appropriate cultural level (general culture, culture of communication, culture of relationships, culture of behavior, legal culture). Family relationships are very often a model for a child, and the development of his personality largely depends on how his family perceives and treats him. Standardized psychological methods were used to conduct an empirical study and reveal the existence of a relationship between parenting styles and the self-identification process of adolescents: 1. Test-questionnaire – self-identification by V. Stolina, S. Pantileev; 2. “Parenting styles” test by R. Ovcharova; 3. Questionnaire test – parental attitude by A. Varga, V. Stolina. Based on the analysis of the results, we established that the vast majority of respondents from the parents’ side adhere to liberal and democratic parenting styles. With the help of mathematical statistics, we have found out that the higher the level of parental sympathy for the child, acceptance of him as he is, the manifestation of respect for the child’s personality, the higher the level of the child’s approval of himself in general and in essential details, trust in himself and development of positive self-esteem. Key words: individual, personality, teenager, self-attitude, self-development, self-esteem, upbringing, psychological well-being, antisocial behavior.

Трансформация политической идентичности в информационном обществе: пределы и противоречия

The article deals with the transformation of political identity and elite consciousness in the modern world. The dynamics of political identification processes in the conditions of development of information exchange of network type is problematized. The aim of the research is to study the peculiarities of the political identification process under the influence of the newest forms and practices of digital communication. Its achievement is connected with the solution of two main tasks: 1) exposition of the modern political process and its key components (identity of the political ruling “class”, its elite self-consciousness) in the context of the development of information society, multiply increased intensity of urbanization processes; 2) study of the transformation of the process of political self-determination in the conditions of involvement of political subjects and structure in the information interaction of network type, dominating at the current stage of civilizational development. The change in the practice of political thinking and political legitimization of elites is considered in the context of urbanization processes and the development of the corresponding type of network urban “chronotope”.

Education of purposefulness in youth students in the process of physical and health activities

The article reveals the content of education of purposefulness in student youth in the process of physical culture and health activities. For this purpose, the state of investigation of the problem of education of the purposefulness of student youth was highlighted and it was found that teachers of higher education institutions do not pay enough attention to this phenomenon and do not have thorough knowledge about the education of moral and volitional qualities of student youth. The meaning of physical culture and health activities in higher education institutions is revealed. It has been established that the skillful application in higher education institutions of pedagogical conditions, content, forms and methods aimed at the education of moral-willed and physical qualities of the individual contributes to the increase in student youth's physical fitness, education levels of purposefulness, self-confidence and other important qualities. With the help of the analysis of modern psychological and pedagogical literature, it was established that insufficient attention is paid by scientists to the education of purposefulness of student youth in the process of physical culture and health activities, which actualizes the research of this category. It was also found out that the research is necessary, since among student youth there is a decrease in the interest in physical culture and health activities, training in sports sections and at the place of residence, they lack the desire to show moral and volitional qualities (purposefulness, determination, perseverance, confidence in self, independence, etc.), to bring the started business to a logical goal. Emphasis is placed on the effectiveness of physical culture and health activities as an effective means of fostering the purposefulness of student youth.
 It is highlighted that during the organization of the process of education of purposefulness of student youth, it is important to take into account their age characteristics; the effectiveness of physical culture and health activities; development of processes of self-awareness and self-determination.

Feminism in contemporary art – prejudice and discrimination

This article updates the problem of cultural studies as a specific field of humanitarian knowledge. It has been stated that, with a certain similarity in the understanding of the ontology of culture (and in relation to the general boundaries of the problem field of humanitarian knowledge), the knowledge about various aspects of the cultural life of man and society is separated by the existing boundaries of the scientific competence of various social and human sciences, which contradicts the process of understanding the integrity of the cultural phenomenon itself. Cultural studies, learning culture as a whole, already by virtue of this circumstance cannot be a humanitarian science „among others”. This circumstance complicates the process of self-determination of cultural studies as an independent science (including the reflection of its method). Despite the fact that the emphasis on cultural studies as a specific area of theoretical knowledge is recognized by the Humanities, however, the problem of identifying the scientific method, which is associated with the final legitimization of this field of knowledge of culture, has not been sufficiently convincing yet. It is concluded that the Humanities are in dire need of rigor and improvement of their scientific status. With the exception of the descriptive part in these sciences, everything else remains the opinion of individual authors.

The methodology of cultural studies: nomadology and the non-linear being of man

This article updates the problem of cultural studies as a specific field of humanitarian knowledge. It has been stated that, with a certain similarity in the understanding of the ontology of culture (and in relation to the general boundaries of the problem field of humanitarian knowledge), the knowledge about various aspects of the cultural life of man and society is separated by the existing boundaries of the scientific competence of various social and human sciences, which contradicts the process of understanding the integrity of the cultural phenomenon itself. Cultural studies, learning culture as a whole, already by virtue of this circumstance cannot be a humanitarian science „among others”. This circumstance complicates the process of self-determination of cultural studies as an independent science (including the reflection of its method). Despite the fact that the emphasis on cultural studies as a specific area of theoretical knowledge is recognized by the Humanities, however, the problem of identifying the scientific method, which is associated with the final legitimization of this field of knowledge of culture, has not been sufficiently convincing yet. It is concluded that the Humanities are in dire need of rigor and improvement of their scientific status. With the exception of the descriptive part in these sciences, everything else remains the opinion of individual authors.

Актуальные направления исследований предпринимательства в социальной психологии: карта научного ландшафта

Background. Currently, the number of entrepreneurs who want to run a traditional business or a startup is growing rapidly. In scientific circles, there is also increasing interest in the phenomenon of entrepreneurship and, in particular, in the personality of the entrepreneur. The question arises as to which areas of research in the social psychology of entrepreneurship are relevant at the moment. Objective. The study is aimed at creating a map of scientific landscape in the field of entrepreneurship, as well as at highlighting relevant areas of entrepreneurship research in social psychology. Methods. Scientific mapping was carried out using the VOSviewer programme version 1.6.15. A scientometric analysis of keywords from 3,235 scientific articles published in the field of social psychology over the past 5 years was carried out (according to The Lens platform). The interpretation of the map in order to highlight the current directions was made using the metaphor of the city. Results. Current research topics include personal and environmental aspects. Among the relevant areas of entrepreneur's research are socio-psychological personality traits (optimism, enthusiasm, perseverance, traits of the dark triad, etc.), entrepreneurial intentions, motivation. When studying entrepreneurship, the question of the choice to become an entrepreneur as well as the process of entrepreneurial self-determination are important. At the same time, at this stage of research, the thematic bundle “identity-self-determination-intentions” is of interest only from the point of view of intentions. Conclusions. Entrepreneurship as a phenomenon in modern social psychology is of scientific interest in terms of point constructs: entrepreneurial intentions, socio-psychological personality traits, values. It is the study of entrepreneurial identity that seems promising, since it will allow to predict the professional path of young people and their predisposition to entrepreneurship.

Значение интересов в формировании гражданской идентичности

The concept of identity in modern science is not unambiguous. The article presents its interpretations according to different approaches. It is noted that a multilevel and differentiated representation of identity in various theo-retical directions is advisable. Attention is drawn to the sociological conceptualization of identity (both individual and collective) in the light of its determinism by social interests. It is emphasized that in modern science, the discourse of identity is considered as a significant mechanism of public administration, which makes it possible to determine a person’s involvement in all the diversity of social relations and to regulate them. The complexity of the latter leads to the multiplicity of manifestations of identity, which can be considered from several posi-tions. The article provides an analysis of identity in terms of its formation under the influence of individual and public interests. The conceptual foundations of civic identity are represented in comparison of various types of manifestation of self-determination processes. Particular attention is paid to the role of interests in the for-mation of identity, and to the importance of taking into account the mutual determination of individual and so-cial interests in the course of their influence on the processes of identity formation.

Психолого-педагогические основы развития гражданской идентичности в процессе профессионального образования в высшей школе

The formation and development of civic identity are one of the important tasks of the education system and upbringing of youth. Modern education in general faces serious challenges and problems in the formation of social and civic identities among the younger generation. The purpose of this article is to conduct a theoretical analysis of the methodological foundations of the formation of civil identity and present the main directions and stages of its development in the educational and extracurricular educational process in higher education. The content of the article substantiates the need for scientific development of the phenomenon being studied on the basis of psychological and pedagogical methodology. The problems of the formation of civic identity in Russian and foreign studies are considered. The authors present a theoretical analysis of the concepts of “civic education” and “civic identity” as polyscientific and interdisciplinary categories, on the basis of which the structure of a person’s civic identity is constructed, consisting of cognitive, emotional, value and behavioral components. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that, based on the theoretical analysis carried out, the work identifies and illustrates in the form of a model the main markers of the formation of civic identity, focusing on which allows us to develop and introduce into the educational process educational technologies to support the development of civic identity among modern youth. The content of the article highlights and substantiates the main stages and forms of development of students' civic identity at different stages of education. In conclusion, it is noted that the process of civil self-determination of young people is a strategically important goal in shaping the security of the Russian state. A special role and mission for the implementation of the technology for the formation of civil identity is assigned to the teacher. Of course, to implement educational technologies, it is necessary, first of all, to work with the teaching corps of representatives of higher education, with the civic consciousness of the teaching staff, who form and develop the human capital of the country’s future generations.

Специфика среднего профессионального образования как этапа процесса профессионального самоопределения студента

The paper proposes a sociological approach to the analysis of the process of professional self-determination of students studying under secondary vocational education programs in colleges affiliated with a HEI. Profes-sional self-determination is considered as a prolonged process of professional self-actualization, self-realization and professional development as part of the entire educational and professional-labor “biography” of the subject. The article defines the main factors influencing the choice of applicants in favor of college edu-cation, presents the analysis of the results of sociological research of the process of professional self-determination of college students of Nizhny Novgorod Institute of Management – branch of Russian Presiden-tial Academy of National Economy and Public Administration and College of Economics and Law of Dzerzhin-sky branch of Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration. College enroll-ment reasons are highlighted, as well as groups of SPE students depending on their future plans for profes-sional self-actualization, self-actualization and professional development.

The Digital Space as the Environment of Social Self-determination and Self-Expression

The purpose of the article is to highlight the characteristics and features of the digital space as a new social environment, as well as the factors that influence the process of forming a person’s identity in the digital space. One of the characteristics of the digital space as a social environment is the abundance of information. This abundance of information, however, is not always equivalent to, or combined with, an abundance of knowledge. Another characteristic of the digital space is its disruption of the boundaries between the real and digital worlds, resulting in the simultaneous existence and activity of a person in both worlds. A third characteristic is also the access to personal data and information to an unlimited number of people it provides, as well as the constant changes present in the digital space as a consequence of rapid technological changes. As for the factors that affect the process of a person's self-determination and self-expression in the digital space, we can also mention the following: the need to belong to a social community, the desire to stay in the mainstream, and the pursuit of social desirability or the “perfect self” and so on.

ПРОКРАСТИНАЦИЯ ЖӘНЕ ЭМОЦИОНАЛДЫ ИНТЕЛЛЕКТ БАЙЛАНЫСЫНЫҢ САНДЫҚ ЗЕРТТЕУІ

Abstract. The article presents the results of a quantitative study of the relationship between the phenomenon of procrastination and the level of emotional intelligence of students. Emotional intelligence is defined as the ability to recognize, understand and manage one's own and others' emotions. In modern psychology and other fields, emotional intelligence has entered the list of most needed competencies. As for the concept of procrastination, it is considered as factor that stimulates the process of self-determination in the personal, social, everyday life and professional spheres of a modern person. Translated from the English, the word "procrastination" means "postponing". According to several foreign studies, this phenomenon includes emotional, behavioral and motivational components. In addition, procrastination increases the level of anxiety and stress in a person, as the result person engages in unnecessary stress-reducing activities instead of completing meaningful tasks. Unpleasant feelings and frustration arises, because the person realizes that it is impossible to satisfy many needs, in addition, perfectionism begins to arise in such individuals. Nowadays, academic procrastination has reached a high level among modern students. Due to factors such as the increase in information, the increase in the number of technical gadgets, social networks take up a lot of time, the correct use of time has become difficult for many students. Emotional intelligence, due to the correct understanding of one's own emotional state and emotions, allows to prevent stress and turn to personal effectiveness. Emotional intelligence is based on personality traits such as self-awareness, self-control and motivation. As a result of the study, it was found that perfectionism allows you to understand and manage emotions, and also helps to establish quality relationships with other people. Keywords: emotional intelligence, procrastination, personality traits, motivation, selforganization.

THE CONTENT AND COMPONENTS OF STUDENTS’ EARLY PROFESSIONAL SELF-DETERMINATION IN THE SYSTEM OF SECONDARY EDUCATION

In this article, the content and components of students’ early professional self-determination in the system of secondary education were studied. The theoretical analysis of the study’s main directions of professional self-determination – structural theories, motivational theories, theories of individuality – made it possible to define professional self-determination as a step-by-step process leading to a successful and conscious career building. It was revealed that the process of self-determination should be carried out in the middle level of the school. The authors proposed the definition of early professional self-determination as a process of personality development, expressed in the conscious construction of a future professional path, considering the needs, motives, interests and inclinations of students, in accordance with the socio-economic conditions of the professional environment. To determine the structure of early professional self-determination (its components), we conducted an online survey among secondary school students in Pavlodar region using a Google form. The survey involved 2968 students in grades 7-9, gender was not considered. Based on the results obtained, the components of early professional self-determination were identified: motivational-value component (personal interest, salary), reflexive-evaluative component (inclinations, abilities), social component (parents, teachers, friends, classmates, popularity of the profession). Thus, these components of early professional self-determination should be directly interconnected and complementary, resulting in a conscious, realistic, desired choice and a plan for immediate actions for personal and professional development.

Adaptation of first-year students to the conditions of the educational environment by means of physical culture and sports

The process of adapting students to the learning and educational environment of a higher education institution is an area of extremely close attention, as it is viewed from the perspective of student health promotion. Physical education and sport occupy an important place in the paradigm of health-preserving function. Given the socially conditioned orientation of the physical education and sport continuum, part of its tasks contribute to solving the issues of adaptation of the student population. The subject orientation of physical education and sport considers the mental processes and the physical state of the attending students’ organisms in the format of the adaptation capabilities of the said people. Due to the peculiarities of the adaptation process, what remains an important condition is the initial period of learning, which has a significant impact on the process of self-determination of students in the learning community. A special role is assigned to the process of physical upbringing with enhanced opportunities for specific communication in learning and sportsmanship in this context. The personal factors that stimulate the adaptability of the trainees – the presence or absence of sports experience, the level of physical fitness – are tested in the course of the study. A comparative analysis of the performance of the attestation requirements in the subject "Physical Education & Sport" in the 1st semester of 3 categories of students – with high, medium & low levels of physical fitness – is conducted. The lack of goal-oriented practice in the use of physical education and sport for the above-mentioned purpose is revealed in the study of 1st year students' adaptation to the conditions of the educational environment. This is the proposed in this study to consider the problematic of 1st-year students' adaptation through the analysis of the interacting components of the above-mentioned activity – motor training, motivational aspects, mental reactions. What served as evaluation tools in the process of extracurricular activities, included the motivational side of the conducted experiment, including personal sports achievements.

THE ROLE OF EXTRACURRICULAR EDUCATION INSTITUTION IN THE SOCIAL SELF-DETERMINATION OF ADOLESCENTS

The article reveals the peculiarities of the educational environment of extracurricular education institutions and finds out their approaches to the process of social self-determination of adolescents. The analysis of scientific and pedagogical literature was carried out and the essence of the concepts "self-determination" and "social self-determination" was characterized. Adolescence is considered as one of the most difficult and responsible periods in a child's life. Having analyzed the concept of "social self-determination" in detail, attention is focused on that aspect of it that is important in working with adolescent children. The need for purposeful pedagogical support and encouragement of personal development of adolescents for their further social self-determination is substantiated. It is noted that the problem of social self-determination is related to the formation of an individual's worldview, his/her stable beliefs, principles, ideals, and values; the ability to observe and critically evaluate the phenomena of the surrounding reality; readiness to make a conscious choice; striving for self-affirmation and self-realization. The process of social self-determination of an individual involves its socialization, which in adolescence is aimed at highlighting and realizing one's own "self" (uniqueness) in the system of social relations. Peculiarities of extracurricular education as such, which is based on the principle of free choice, contributes to the creation of conditions for the development of individuality, productive activity and creativity, ensures satisfaction of individual needs in creative self-realization; the diversity of its activities and spheres of communication contributes to the acquisition of experience in social relations. The analysis of the results of the study on the influence of the activities of extracurricular education institutions on the process of social self-determination of adolescents was carried out. It was found that when attending an extracurricular education institution, pupils seek to gain new knowledge, spend their free time interestingly, acquire competences and decide on a future profession. By engaging in activities that are as close as possible to social realities, teenagers get the opportunity to apply the acquired theoretical knowledge in practice, which contributes to their successful adaptation in extracurricular activities. It has been proven that extracurricular education contributes to the comprehensive development of the individual, forms favorable conditions for the creative activity of students, ensures their cooperation in the creative process and independent creativity, which forms the individual's desire for self-realization, contributes to the independent choice of his future life path and social self-determination.

Professional and personal self-determination in the conditions of distance learning

Distance education (DE) has actualized the use of media resources for psychological support for schoolchildren and students. However, career guidance work with high-school-age children in a distance learning environment has not been well addressed in the research to date. This study aims to demonstrate the positive influence of cinema art on the attitudes, views, preferences, and motives of schoolchildren in their career choices. A total of 290 students from a humanitarian-technical college participated in the experiment conducted by this study. Based on this study's results, film education's effectiveness in forming the professional and personal self-determination of college students has been empirically confirmed. The study made it possible to analyze the process of professional and personal self-determination of college students, as well as to develop a program contributing to the successful professional and personal self-determination of high-school-age children. Keywords: Distance education; film education; media; personal self-determination; self-determination; technology.

Trans Women’s Body Self-Image and Health: Meanings and Impacts of Sex Work

This paper aims to present and discuss the results of a qualitative study conducted in the city of Porto, Portugal, aiming to understand the self-determination process and the meanings and impacts of sex work on trans women’s body self-image and health. Between January and July 2019, six individual interviews were performed with participants aged between 23 and 57 and then analyzed using thematic analysis. The results suggest that the participants were subjected to several experiences of discrimination and violence since childhood, negatively impacting their health and social integration. In their narratives, a conflict between the idea of an idealized body, congruent with gender identity, and the idea of a profitable body, compatible with the requirements of sex work clients, emerged. As a consequence, several tensions are experienced, both in personal and professional domains. Additionally, the difficulties felt in accessing the National Health System, to receive specialized support and treatment, increase the risk of being exposed to clandestine procedures, which exacerbates their vulnerability. The findings point to the importance of comprehending trans women sex workers’ needs and reanalyzing how their health conditions might be improved.

Motivational Portrait of Digital Generation Applicant

Introduction. The relevance of the topic is due to the need to develop principles and methods of sociological support for the process of professional self-determination of young people in the digital environment. The article presents the results of studies of socioprofessional aspirations, value orientations and motivation for acquiring a profession among modern applicants. An analysis was made of some cognitive features of school graduates that influence their choice of specialization and university.Methodology and sources. The methodological base included the activity theories of motivation by A.N. Leontiev and L.S. Vygotsky, the psychology of the attitude of D.N. Uznadze, modern sociological studies of the rational choice of a university by applicants (L. Abdrakhmanova, E. Nikonova, J. Kinzie, M. Palmer, J. Hayek, D. Hossler, S.A. Jacob et al.). To solve the problems of analyzing the construction of the reality of higher education with the help of visual images, the authors relied on the traditions of visual sociology.Results and discussion. The empirical basis for writing the article was the results of a seven-year monitoring (2015–2021) “Motives and factors for choosing a university by applicants for technical specialties” (N = 3700 people) of one of the leading universities in Russia – Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University. An analysis of the dynamics of the value-motivational portrait of young people showed that applicants belonging to generation Z are distinguished by mobilization motivation and pragmatic values. The hypothesis about the influence of the principle of obtaining the result “here and now” on the decisions made by future engineers from the digital generation was confirmed. The results obtained lead to the conclusion that in order to increase the level of professional motivation and attract generation Z to enroll in a university, a radical change in the field of communicative interaction from “offline” to “online” is necessary.Conclusion. In conclusion, the authors of the article, based on the results of their research, suggest some directions for the development of communication strategies in working with applicants of the digital generation, emphasizing that an important component of the success of the communication strategy of a modern university in interaction with young people is high-quality, fast and regular feedback using message visualization tools.