Risk Identification Process Research Articles

Interaction Equivalency Theorem: Towards Interaction Support of Non-Traditional Doctoral Students

Aim/Purpose: This conceptual paper proposes interaction support based on the Interaction Equivalency Theorem (EQuiv) to support interaction for non-traditional doctoral students who have been identified as attrition risks. Background: The master-apprentice form of doctoral education consists primarily of interaction with the supervisor for academic purposes. If this interaction is impaired, it may affect the ability to complete the dissertation due to insufficient knowledge, and it may also create a sense of isolation, which can lead to attrition. Nontraditional students have many characteristics that may inhibit this interaction such as being part-time or studying at a distance. Institutions have been urged to develop profiles of students at risk of dropping out based on past trends and offering intervention to students at risk. In conjunction with risk profiles, the EQuiv offers the potential to individually optimize interaction under time and resource constraints, with a view towards deep and meaningful learning. Methodology: The paper is a conceptual paper using a systematic review of the literature, covering 50 years. Articles were sourced from various databases and journals. Contribution: This article offers recommendations for improving interaction opportunities for nontraditional doctoral students in the master-apprentice form of doctoral education who are at risk of dropping out. It sheds a light on a distinct population whose needs are often overlooked. Additionally, the envisioned use of the EQuiv by organizations and academic departments is an expansion of its intended use by course designers. Additional original work is demonstrated by (a) the development of an EQuiv quality matrix to assess and rank the EQuiv literature, (b) a model of how the EQuiv might be employed to compensate for insufficient interaction, and (c) a representative model of socialization agents and knowledge transmission. Findings: The doctoral experience and EQuiv literature have shortcomings regarding interaction support to non-traditional doctoral students. The literature on the doctoral experience does not capture the invisible problems of the nontradi-tional doctoral student who is under the master-apprentice form of doctoral education. Although institutions are urged to develop risk profiles based on characteristics of students who have dropped out, it still does not capture this specific group of students. Additionally, the socialization requirements of traditional doctoral students under the master-apprentice system are unclear, so the requirements of nontraditional doctoral students under this system are also not specified. Most EQuiv research does not pay attention to the cautions of Anderson (2003a), so the literature is based on situations that do not reflect the intent of the EQuiv. However, it is proposed that the EQuiv could be used as a substitution or augmenting of the S2T interaction in the master-apprentice model. Recommendations for Practitioners: The proposed recommendations might assist practitioners in developing a risk identification process to support non-traditional doctoral students at risk within cost and time constraints for both students and departments. Recommendation for Researchers: An empirical study of nontraditional doctoral student interaction experiences and requirements should be conducted, followed by an analysis of the interactions in the EQuiv. Additionally, the role of socialization of nontraditional doctoral students in the master-apprentice form of education should be explored. Furthermore, a literature review on various risk profiles might be of use to institutions wishing to develop preliminary profiles. Further research on the Interaction Equivalency Theorem is proposed. The EQuiv in its current form has been largely confined to the distance education discipline, mostly focusing on structured courses. The article enlarges the scope of the theory to also contribute to the field of doctoral education. Further research could focus on exploring the applicability of interaction pref-erences, substitutability and the strength of the interactions with this cohort of students. An adaptation of the EQuiv might assist practitioners in developing a risk identification process to support non-traditional doctoral students at risk within cost and time constraints. Impact on Society: Support to non-traditional doctoral students in other countries may improve if the interaction is optimized, which in turn may affect persistence. Future Research: Exploration of management models in support of doctoral student interaction.

Risk Assessment of Bulgarian Electricity Network under Natural Disasters

The electricity transmission and distribution networks are heavily affected from natural disasters. Electricity networks can also incur multiple or multi-risks, including their conjoint and cascading effects, or systemic risks. The aim this paper is to propose an approach for risk assessment of Bulgarian electricity transmission and distribution network under natural disasters. The proposed approach for risk assessment is based on guidelines and techniques of risk management standards ISO 31000:2009 and EN 31010:2010. Here, the risk assessment is the overall process of risk identification, risk analysis and risk evaluation. The risk assessment results can support the all key stakeholders to take more informed decision about effective protection of the electricity networks from natural disasters.

Identifying risk event in Indonesian fresh meat supply chain

The aim of this paper is to identify risk issues in Indonesian fresh meat supply chain from the farm until to the “plate”. The critical points for food safety in physical fresh meat product flow are also identified. The paper employed one case study in the Indonesian fresh meat company by conducting observations and in-depth three stages of interviews. At the first interview, the players, process, and activities in the fresh meat industry were identified. In the second interview, critical points for food safety were recognized. The risk events in each player and process were identified in the last interview. The research will be conducted in three stages, but this article focuses on risk identification process (first stage) only. The second stage is measuring risk and the third stage focuses on determining the value of risk priority. The results showed that there were four players in the fresh meat supply chain: livestock (source), slaughter (make), distributor and retail (deliver). Each player has different activities and identified 16 risk events in the fresh meat supply chain. Some of the strategies that can be used to reduce the occurrence of such risks include improving the ability of laborers on food safety systems, improving cutting equipment and distribution processes

Modeling the consequences of accidents during the process of transferring waste thinner from the paint shop of an automotive industry using aloha software

Aims: During the past decade, the application of engineering and managerial techniques for designing a variety of qualitative and quantitative risk assessment methods and modeling the consequences of accidents have had a great contribution to the promotion of safety in the industrial systems. The present study was conducted to identify and prioritize safety risks in one of the automotive industries. Risk management of the operation of transferring waste thinner from the paint shop represents a critical issue owing to special safety. Materials and Methods: One of the most important theories for the modeling of events is the bowtie analyzing method. Bowtie is a qualitative analyzing method which incorporates managerial system techniques and provides a highly accurate analysis in the form of fault and event trees. In the present study, the process of risk identification and management was carried out using the Bowtie analyzing method and the obtained results were applied to the structure of a bowtie graph and the consequence was modeled using ALOHA software. Results: In the study, the operation of transferring waste thinner from the paint shop of an automotive industry was examined. Possible safety risks that may happen during the loading and unloading operations of the waste thinners were detected using bowtie analyzing method and the modeling of fire at chemical tanker carrying thinner and also the modeling of BLEVE phenomenon was conducted. The results represent that the area, in which employees are stationed is at very high risk that in the event of a possible fire, the personnel will be quickly caught in fireballs caused by the burning of thinner. Conclusion: According to the results, it was found that one of the administrative units is positioned inappropriately and incorrectly in the vicinity of thinner loading station that in the case of nondisplacement of the mentioned unit and the incident of fire or explosion in the place of loading and unloading of thinner, undoubtedly there would be fire at the mentioned administrative unit.

Schedule Risk Analysis Of Southern Mainway Construction In Jember Regency

In Jember Regency, it has been built Southern Cross Road (JLS) as part of regional project. On the implementation of previous construction, there were still some events which gave negative impact to the project. The purpose of this research is to analyze risk and its effect on schedule at the construction phase of JLS at Jember Regency. Risk identification process is carried out by site survey, literature studies and supporting data. The use of Probability and Impact Matrix were aimed to obtain the level of risk. Based on the analysis, it was obtained six highest risk that could affecting schedule, such as difficult access locations, heavy rains, increases of material price, broken road pavement work, change order, and work accident. Risk responses were proposed by applying agreement to guarantee stock and price of materials, prioritized drainage, and constructing bridge to solve difficult access. An intense coordination in the site, routine checks of quality, manufacturing of retailing walls were also needed to reduce possibility of distruption to pavement work. To avoid work accident, it is needed to socialize about harsh terrain condition, mutual allertness among supervisor, worker and the others, and also all personals must comply with savety rules.

Multi-hazard disaster risk identification for World Cultural Heritage sites in seismic zones

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop an integrated multi-risk identification procedure for World Cultural Heritage (WCH) sites exposed to seismic events, while considering characteristics of disasters from earthquakes in a multi-hazard context on one side and particular aspects of WCH (e.g. outstanding universal values and associated condition of authenticity and integrity) on the other.Design/methodology/approachAn interdisciplinary review of current relevant approaches, methods, and practices is conducted through the existing literature of disaster risk management, heritage conservation, and seismology. Furthermore, a document analysis of concrete cases affected by seismic events supports concepts and the procedure.FindingsThis paper results in a methodology of identifying multi-risk of disasters induced by earthquakes. A bow-tie analysis diagram in combination with a risk identification matrix is developed for illustrating a multiple emergency scenario in identifying possible impacts of earthquakes’ primary effects, secondary hazards, and human-threats on tangible and intangible attributes of cultural properties.Practical implicationsThe research aims to provide specialists and practitioners from multiple sectors engaged in pre-disaster risk mitigation and preparedness plan for cultural heritage with a practical risk identification tool. The proposed method, in a multiple hazard context, intends to enhance risk assessment procedure for determining more appropriate risk reduction strategies in the decision-making process.Originality/valueThis paper, through emphasising “earthquake disaster risk” rather than “earthquake risk”, illuminates the significance of quake-followed secondary hazards, potential human-induced hazards and human errors in the risk identification process, due to the fact that while a disaster may begin with a quake, its full scope might be triggered by a combination of the mentioned potential threats.

Key risks in construction projects in Italy: contractors’ perspective

PurposeRisks play an important role in the success of construction projects. Failure in identification and assessment of risks can lead to inadequacy in the process of managing risks, which in turn can critically affect the projects’ resources. A formal risk management is rarely practised in construction projects due to the lack of contractors’ awareness of key risks. The purpose of this paper is to focus on the investigation of risk factors in construction projects in Italy from contractors’ perspective.Design/methodology/approachSemi-structured interviews were conducted to collect data, based on which a total of ten key risks were ascertained. The identified risks were compared with the findings of the surveys conducted in the Australian and Chinese construction industry to address the unique risks associated with construction projects in Italy.FindingsThe key risks included delays in payments, client variations, design variations, inaccurate cost estimates, and tight project schedules. The comparison between those three countries specified the delays in payments and project funding problems as the most critical factors that are related to cultural influences and behaviour of clients. The findings assist contractors in the risk identification process, and can be applied to the development of a risk management framework for construction projects.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings of this study cannot be generalised statistically for the whole of Italy as it was constrained geographically, with respondents drawn only from a self-selection sample of construction projects in the Veneto region of Northern Italy. The findings represent a snapshot of the key potential internal and external risks from the perspective of contractors.Originality/valueThe results of the study specified the key risks of construction projects from the perspective of contractors which can contribute to risk management for construction projects.

Integration of Risk Management into Management Control System from a Pragmatic Constructivist Perspective

The idea of the paper is to inform risk management (RM) with the pragmatic constructivist (PC) perspective, and tosimultaneously integrate risk management with management control systems (MCS) bearing in mind that the key to thePC perspective is that risk information has both subjective and objective components. The paper will (1) Show how toimprove Risk Management systems using the Pragmatic Constructivist perspective. (2) Demonstrate how to use thePragmatic Constructivist perspective to integrate Risk Management into Management Control Systems. (3) Provide acase study to apply the theory by showing how Management Control System can govern Risk Management fromPragmatic Constructivist perspective. Applying the case study finds out mainly that action control in a form of two-waycommunication between actors (managers and technicians) at the process of risk identification, risk analysis, decisionmaking and monitoring, risk reality is necessary. Results controls direct attention to facts entered by actors according totheir expertise and level of influence. Personnel control enables to choose people with common values and necessarycompetencies to share knowledge for risk management. In this way actor-based reality with the actors being co-authorsof the reality can take place. The main implications of the research suggest that: 1) the successful integration of RM intoMCS requires pragmatic constructivist reality to applied by providing the contribution from all the actors so that theRM system is practical, and 2) RM should be designed to gather some subjective data from the ground level (e.g. on theprobability of an incident recurring and the potential costs of any particular type of incident) to balance the objectiveinformation gathered so that the PC approach can support RM and MCS.

Evaluating the role of risk networks in risk identification, classification and emergence

Modern society heavily relies on strongly connected, socio-technical systems. As a result, distinct risks threatening the operation of individual systems can no longer be treated in isolation. Consequently, risk experts are actively seeking for ways to relax the risk independence assumption that undermines typical risk management models. Prominent work has advocated the use of risk networks as a way forward. Yet, the inevitable biases introduced during the generation of these survey-based risk networks limit our ability to examine their topology, and in turn challenge the utility of the very notion of a risk network. To alleviate these concerns, we proposed an alternative methodology for generating weighted risk networks. We subsequently applied this methodology to an empirical dataset of financial data. This paper reports our findings on the study of the topology of the resulting risk network. We observed a modular topology, and reasoned on its use as a robust risk classification framework. Using these modules, we highlight a tendency of specialization during the risk identification process, with some firms being solely focused on a subset of the available risk classes. Finally, we considered the independent and systemic impact of some risks and attributed possible mismatches to their emerging nature.

BIM-BASED RISK IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM IN TUNNEL CONSTRUCTION

This paper presents an innovative approach of integrating Building Information Modeling (BIM) and expert systems to address deficiencies in traditional safety risk identification process in tunnel construction. A BIM-based Risk Identification Expert System (B-RIES) composed of three main built-in subsystems: BIM extraction, knowledge base management, and risk identification subsystems, is proposed. The engineering parameter information related to risk fac­tors is first extracted from BIM of a specific project where the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) standard plays a bridge role between the BIM data and tunnel construction safety risks. An integrated knowledge base, consisting of fact base, rule base and case base, is then established to systematize the fragmented explicit and tacit knowledge. Finally, a hybrid inference approach, with case-based reasoning and rule-based reasoning combined, is developed to improve the flexibil­ity and comprehensiveness of the system reasoning capacity. B-RIES is used to overcome low-efficiency in traditional information extraction, reduce the dependence on domain experts, and facilitate knowledge sharing and communication among dispersed clients and domain experts. The identification of a safety hazard regarding the water gushing in one metro station of China is presented in a case study. The results demonstrate the feasibility of B-RIES and its application effectiveness.

Identification and Analysis of Metro Foundation Construction Safety Risk Based on Fault Tree Analysis

Fuzzy theory and Bayesian network theory were based on the fault tree. The fault tree analysis method improved the fault analysis to obtain number of event's exact problem. Considering the characteristics of the fuzzy risk analysis at the same time, it also solved the problem of scale fault analysis modeling. The theory is applied to the cost of construction shield tunnel risk analysis, floating shield tunnel segments, dislocation of failure risk analysis and deep station foundation construction risk analysis. By security risk identification and evaluation process, it can be improved to subway construction process of deep foundation pit hazard anticipation. Before construction accidents to avoid and resolve security risks, thereby improving overall system safety performance. Based on this, the paper depth study the theory and methods of security risk identification and security risk assessment, further enrich the security risk management theory, and put forward to deal with the security risk response countermeasures.

Facilitating organisational decision making: a change risk assessment model case study

Purpose This paper aims to take the challenge to propose a novel modelling approach named Change Risk Assessment Model (CRAM), which will contribute significantly to the missing formality of business models especially in the change risk assessment area and decision-making. Organisational change risks are assessed with the aid of analytic hierarchy process (AHP) in an attempt to define the internal dynamics of organisational change management within project management eliciting also risk cause-and-effect relationships. Design/methodology/approach The study discusses interviews/survey/AHP. Findings The study presents the following findings. Change risk factors assessment (identification and prioritisation) recommendations (see Case Study) integration of change management; project management; risk management top four risk factors, namely, leadership, communication, project management team and culture. Research limitations/implications As projects can be different in a variety of factors (quality, scope), an exhaustive list of risk factors cannot be identified. There is a continuous risk identification process throughout the projects’ life cycle. For example, many risks can be classified initially as unknown and can be refined after the initiation phase of the project. AHP factors limitation (eight per level) possible bias (survey analysis). Practical implications With the aid of modelling and especially CRAM, business change risks can be assessed numerically and prioritised. Several risk factors and related attributes were identified and categorised. This empowers project managers or other stakeholders to make proper decisions about whether to take on or abandon respective organisational or project changes. Social implications One of the values of CRAM is that it can be regarded as a global change risk assessment method that can be applied regardless of project type, size or organisation. Moreover, it has the advantage that it can be used by any kind of project, as the method is designed to be tailored to specific needs, taking significant environmental change risk factors into account. AHP has numerous uses in operational research, in project management and in general in areas where decisions (evaluation and selection) have to be made. The analysis of the case study presented, indicated that it is vital to assess the degree (impact) that each risk attribute poses to address complex organisational decisions. Originality/value CRAM aims to bridge the gap between theoretical and applied work in the integrated research field of change management, project management and risk management. Furthermore, the approach attempts to develop a novel systematic methodology (model) for assigning probabilities in attributes (criteria) pair-wise comparison and more specifically, modelling and assessing change management risks, adding a different perspective and technique to the research area.

Discovering the Impact of Risk Management on Strategic Positioning of the IDBI Bank in Chennai City-An Empirical Study

In emerging business world, managing risk has become a requisite, not an option. Sanusi, (2010) stated that, “in recent years excessive credits and financial asset growth went unchecked”. Risk Management is the process of risk identification, assessment, and prioritization trailed by synchronized and economical utilization of resources to curtail, observe, and regulate the probability and/or influence of unfavorable occasions. The main aim of this study is to recognize and accept the significance of risk management and how the factors of risk management practices have its impact on strategic positioning of the IDBI bank in Chennai city. The study followed descrptive and exploratory research design. The stratified random sampling technique was used to choose the samples. The primary data was collected from 100employees who are working in various branches of IDBI bank located in Chennai city using structured questionnaire. Structural

Patient safety's missing link: using clinical expertise to recognize, respond to and reduce risks at a population level.

IntroductionAlthough incident reporting systems are widespread in health care as a strategy to reduce harm to patients, the focus has been on reporting incidents rather than responding to them. Systems containing large numbers of incidents are uniquely placed to raise awareness of, and then characterize and respond to infrequent, but significant risks. The aim of this paper is to outline a framework for the surveillance of such risks, their systematic analysis, and for the development and dissemination of population-based preventive and corrective strategies using clinical and human factors expertise.Requirements for a population-level responseThe framework outlines four system requirements: to report incidents; to aggregate them; to support and conduct a risk surveillance, review and response process; and to disseminate recommendations. Personnel requirements include a non-hierarchical multidisciplinary team comprising clinicians and subject-matter and human factors experts to provide interpretation and high-level judgement from a range of perspectives. The risk surveillance, review and response process includes searching of large incident and other databases for how and why things have gone wrong, narrative analysis by clinical experts, consultation with the health care sector, and development and pilot testing of corrective strategies. Criteria for deciding which incidents require a population-level response are outlined.DiscussionThe incremental cost of a population-based response function is modest compared with the ‘reporting’ element. Combining clinical and human factors expertise and a systematic approach underpins the creation of credible risk identification processes and the development of preventive and corrective strategies.

Human Factor Analysis of General Accidents in Railway Passenger Transportation

In recent years, with the development of modern technologies and safety science, catastrophic accidents tend to be avoided successfully. However, general accidents which cause minor loss or casualties still occur occasionally and hence become main part of all accidents. Therefore, to make effective control of general accidents, fault trees are established based on the analysis of historical general accidents. The influencing factors are roughly divided into human factors and equipment system factors. This paper focuses on human factors and the relationships between the factors and general accidents are analyzed using the improved analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and methods of risk identification. The importance of the factors is thus evaluated. Results of the evaluation are helpful to management.

Yazılım Projelerinde Karşılaşılan Risk Faktörleri ve Risk Yönetim Süreci

There are very important problems that occur nowdays in the field of software projects ever widespreading. The respective problems has influenced software being developed negatively. Therefore, “Software Risk Management” processes must be carried out successfully beyond a good coding in order to avoid or to minimize this situation. In this study, within the scope of the software project management, risk identification, risk factors, risk types, risk strategies and risk management process are discussed in details and comparative. By revealing the software risks and the methods of prevention of these risks, the necessasy actions has been clarified to eliminate or to reduce the risks resulting from any software. This study is aimed at being an important reference for the researches interested in this field

Visualization of a hole and accident preventive measures based on the Swiss cheese model developed by risk management and process approach

It is important to find the characteristics of holes theorized in the Swiss cheese model created by Reason when preventive measures are taken. Reason does not explain where the holes open and how the holes move and shut. The objectives of this research are to find the characteristics of a hole, visualize the development of the hole and propose accident preventive measures to shut the hole. I investigated four real cases of three types of marine accidents using risk management and process approach. The focus of the study was on the processes both of the Safety Management System and risk management imbedded in the procedures at the time of the accidents. I found the following results. A hole in a defensive layer opened during the process of plan or check imbedded in the Safety Management System and moved through the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle. The hole in the defensive layer moved or affected the development of the hole in another defensive layer at the local workplace. The hole in another defensive layer at the local workplace opened during the process of risk identification or risk analysis and moved through risk management process. Shutting the hole was drawn in a structured manner by the method of risk reduction. With a focus on process, the development of holes was visualized. These findings indicate that the characteristics of holes and their visualization can show the location where efforts toward preventive measures should be directed effectively and efficiently.

Angiotensin II type 1 receptor (A1166C) gene polymorphism in Egyptian adult hemodialysis patients

BackgroundGenetic variability in the genes of different components of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is likely to contribute for its heterogenous association in renal diseased patients. Among the candidate genes of RAS, angiotensin II type 1 receptor gene polymorphism (AT1R A1166C) seems to be particularly biologically and clinically relevant to renal diseases. The aimThis study was to evaluate the association of AT1R A1166C gene polymorphism in adult Egyptian hemodialysis (HD) patients. Its association with hypertension was also done. Subjects and methodsThe study was conducted on 202 adult Egyptian subjects: 100 controls and 102 HD patients. Determination of this polymorphism was done by PCR/RFLP strategy. ResultsIt revealed that HD patients had significantly higher frequency in AC and CC genotypes than controls. But on dividing these patients to normotensive and hypertensive ones, no significant difference in the genotypes was found. The multiple regression analysis revealed no dependent variables on the AT1R A1166C gene polymorphism. ConclusionThis study suggested that CC/AC genotype could serve as a predictor of an early end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and could, in the future, become an important part of the clinical process of renal risk identification.

The qualitative risk assessment of MINI, MIDI and MAXI horizontal directional drilling projects

The differences between uncertainty, risk and hazard in horizontal directional drilling (HDD) technology were described in this paper. Various types of uncertainty in HDD technology were shown on the chosen examples. Due to the increasing complexity of HDD projects, the continuous development in HDD technology, the optional possibility of applying various tools and machines and the diversity in the installation size (MINI, MIDI and MAXI), it was needed to consider the additional risks in HDD projects, as well as identify those risks which have not been considered in previous works. Literature study, scenario analysis, risk interviews with HDD contractors, manufacturers of HDD equipment and mud services, risk brainstorm sessions, expert surveys among HDD contractors and own observations of HDD installations supported the risk identification process. Various types of risks connected with the carrying out of HDD installations were presented. The feedback from expert surveys from 5940 HDD projects carried out in 5 countries, allowed to assess the frequency of occurrence and the influence on project failure of 38 risks in HDD technology and, therefore, proved the need to include them in the risk assessment. Additionally, the survey results allowed to assess the frequency of the occurrence of various types of problems with: the product pipe installation, rig failures, drill pipe failures, the importance of the reasons of drill rig failures and drill pipe failures. The survey results were a basis for the qualitative risk assessment, which was carried out applying Ishikawa diagram.

Addressing environmental considerations for Marine Stewardship Council certification: A case study using lobsters

This paper uses the Western Australian rock lobster, the first fishery certified by MSC, as a case study to discuss some of the environmental issues encountered in MSC׳s Principle 2 and the strategies implemented to address them. Experience with the certification of Western Australian rock lobster has highlighted the importance of; comprehensive documentation of current and historical information, monitoring and research, a transparent process of risk identification and the value of an independent advisory group to review risks and guide research directions.A comparison of other certified lobster fisheries worldwide revealed that third party certification consistently identified specific environmental issues, indicating that the strategies implemented to support the ongoing certification of the Western Australian rock lobster fishery may be relevant to other fisheries.