Resource Mobilization Process Research Articles

Entrepreneurial Learning in the Resource Mobilization Process

Entrepreneurial Learning in the Resource Mobilization Process

The Expectations Game: The Contingent Role of Hype in Resource Mobilization Processes Among AI Firms

The Expectations Game: The Contingent Role of Hype in Resource Mobilization Processes Among AI Firms

Toward a typology of entrepreneurial bricolage and its capabilities

Purpose The extant literature emphasizes that the perspective of bricolage is significantly augmenting the core of entrepreneurship research, and, per se, it has made considerable contributions to understanding resource mobilization and organizational processes in entrepreneurial ventures. Entrepreneurial bricolage literature lacks a unified and holistic conceptual framework that could represent a coherence of diverse bricolage forms and their related capabilities in entrepreneurship. To address this issue, this study aims to develop a comprehensive typology framework of entrepreneurial bricolage based on the theoretical synthesis of the prior research. Design/methodology/approach By comparing and synthesizing the existing bricolage forms into a holistic and persistent typology, the authors present an integrated framework of 13 bricolage capabilities that contributes to resource acquisition and resource mobilization as well as facilitate the entrepreneurial processes of opportunity recognition and opportunity exploitation in firms. Findings The study synthesizes a wide array of research on entrepreneurial bricolage for shaping the resource acquisition and resource mobilization processes in entrepreneurial ventures and presents a typology-based framework for further discussion and research. By mapping the existing research and relevant dimensions into a typology-based entrepreneurial bricolage framework, the study extends and contributes to the current theorizing and conceptual building. Research limitations/implications The study would help practitioners and researchers to recognize bricolage capabilities and the common ties among them, leading to further advances in entrepreneurship theory and practice. Originality/value As the body of knowledge regarding entrepreneurial bricolage has grown, so has the number of its different forms, concepts and constructs. The authors recognize that there is distinctiveness as well as overlaps among diverse forms, concepts and constructs of entrepreneurial bricolage. Further, the authors identify a new bricolage capability that has not until now been positioned in the extant frameworks.

Resource mobilization in security partnerships: Explaining cooperation and coercion in the EU’s partnership with the African Union

Security partnerships between unequal partners walk a fine line between mutually beneficial cooperation and coercion. This article theorizes resource provision in security partnerships in which a funder substantively supports a recipient organization. Specifically, I develop an argument concerning the effect of principal–agent interactions in security partnerships on the recipient’s agency through mechanisms of agenda-setting and capacity-building. The European Union’s (EU) peace and security partnership with the African Union (AU) illustrates the contentious politics of resource mobilization in security partnerships, and how these politics affect the secretariat of the recipient organization. The article arrives at the rather optimistic conclusion that the EU is a generous partner with an explicit goal of cooperative engagement. Furthermore, opportunities for coercion are minimized by the EU’s internal bureaucratic obstacles, the AU’s strategic sequencing of the resource mobilization process, and the overarching post-coloniality of the partnership. However, occasional episodes of coercive EU behaviour have led to considerable tensions in the partnership. These findings add important contrast to postcolonial critiques of AU funding: the AU Commission exercises considerable organizational agency, which relegates the EU – despite being a large payer – to the role of a small player, particularly when it comes to directly influencing the AU.

Whom to Ask for Feedback: Insights for Resource Mobilization From Social Entrepreneurship

Social entrepreneurs need resources to develop their organizations and catalyze social impact. Existing research focuses on how social entrepreneurs access and use resources, yet it neglects how they search for resource holders. This issue is particularly salient in social entrepreneurs’ decisions about whom to approach for interpersonal feedback as a valuable resource. The current literature offers lists of individuals whom social entrepreneurs approach for feedback and implies these individuals can be easily accessed. Thus, it offers little insight into how social entrepreneurs select whom to approach for feedback and why, or why they struggle to access feedback. We conducted an in-depth inductive study based on 82 interviews with 36 nascent social entrepreneurs to investigate how they search for and select individuals to approach for feedback within and outside their social networks through an iterative appraisal process. Our findings start to open the black box of searching for resource holders in the resource mobilization process and offer insights on power and stigma in social entrepreneurship.

Temporal Dynamics of Deinstitutionalization – The Case of Asbestos in France

Through the controversial history of asbestos use in France, we study a long deinstitutionalization process marked by alternating phases of acceleration and deceleration. To understand these changes of pace, we reveal interactions over the long term between action profiles that differ in terms of the type of agency (strategic or pragmatic) and the resource mobilization process (leveraging, accumulation, or convening) involved. Analyzing a rich corpus of documentary data triangulated with interviews, we draw up a schema of the complex deinstitutionalization process concerning asbestos in France. We then set out four theoretical propositions about the temporal dynamics of deinstitutionalization: (1) defensive action essentially involves leveraging efforts that promote long phases and help to slow down the pace of deinstitutionalization; (2) disruptive action produces slow, incremental effects through marginal integration of changes into existing institutional schemas. The acceleration phase of deinstitutionalization is temporally bounded by the disruptive actors’ resources; (3) the acceleration and deceleration phases of deinstitutionalization hinge on the perception of urgency, which is a factor of instrumentalization for strategic actors; and (4) convening is a form of mobilization that significantly slows down the pace of deinstitutionalization.

The synergistic role of academic entrepreneurship patterns in entrepreneurial university transformation: Analysis across three African sub-regions

This study set out to establish entrepreneurship patterns in selected African universities and examine their potentials for institutional entrepreneurial transformation. The idea of the synergistic potential of entrepreneurship patterns with entrepreneurial university (EPU) concept influenced us. Our institutional sample comprised eight universities from three African sub-regions. We undertook document reviews, conducted forty-nine interviews and used content analysis. We found and established nine patterns, designed a holistic framework for the patterns and analyzed the dynamics and potentials. This synergistic approach, which is still marginal in the EPU literature, seemed truly relevant in the studied developing countries. Rather than borrowing pathways, the holistic framework addresses more effectively the different governance systems, meanings, resource mobilization processes, development contexts and business practices around the African universities. The framework constitutes a mirror, drawing board and director of attention and awareness for planning, analysis, review and funding of entrepreneurship in the studied countries. The article has practical implications for university managers who have the role to stimulate institution-wide entrepreneurship and make strategic choices. The article provides clear theoretical input to the higher education management literature, especially entrepreneurship management in developing countries which do not possess the institutional characteristics that have led to EPUs in higher-income countries.

From helmets to face masks: how collective emotions sustain diaspora mobilization from homeland uprising to global pandemic among the Hong Kongers

Purpose Diasporic mobilization studies often incorporate collective emotions into the discussion of movement strategies, less we knew about how emotion becomes the language by which they communicate collective responsibility after the protests. The purpose of this paper is to draw from participant observation research to explore how diasporas construct the language of collective emotions to sustain their commitment to the transnational mobilization project during and after the homeland protests. Design/methodology/approach Drawing on ten months of participant observations in the USA, the author observed how members in a Hong Kong diaspora group, Black Bauhinia Society (BBS), transform their project from a transnational protective gear sourcing action during the Hong Kong Anti-Extradition Bill Movement into a global medical personal protective equipment (PPE) sourcing action during the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings During homeland uprising, BBS recruits participants using a set of compassion language that encompasses the suffering stories of homeland dissidents and the members’ expression of guiltiness for staying afar. The compassion talk reinforces the transnational ties between BBS members and Hong Kong dissidents over the process of resource mobilization. When the homeland movement ceased during the pandemic, BBS transformed their compassion talk to politicize charitable actions and recruit volunteers and donors to source PPE for Hong Kong. Originality/value This paper contributes to the emerging discussion on how diaspora mobilizes after the protest by showing how the language of collective emotion cultivates commitments and sustain collective identity after the protests.

Getting more from many—A framework of community resourcefulness in new venture creation

In this study, we move beyond the predominant focus entrepreneurship researchers have put on the acquisition of financial capital from professional investors by exploring how, and with what effects, entrepreneurs can mobilize all required resources—financial, human, physical, and social—from local communities. Our temporal analysis of the resource mobilization processes of seven cases of community-based enterprises (CBEs) reveals four sets of activities with distinct goals and effects, which explain how entrepreneurs can meet or even exceed their resource mobilization goals by mobilizing a greater variety of resources from a broader base of resource providers. Importantly, the findings show how entrepreneurs can achieve a multiplier effect meaning that they can perpetuate the inflow of significant amounts of unsolicited resources by continuously engaging in activities targeted at creating a sense of identification and ownership, which require comparatively little extra effort and resource inputs. We synthesize our findings in a framework of community resourcefulness in new venture creation. This framework adds a new perspective of resourcefulness as “getting more from many,” and demonstrates that resourceful behavior is not necessarily about individuals' ability to respond to situational constraints but also about their ability to recognize and seize situational resource potentials. Our findings have important implications for our understanding of resourcefulness in entrepreneurship and the nascent body of literature on community-based enterprises.

Against the Norm? Entrepreneurial Human Capital, Gender and Resource Mobilization in Sub-saharan Africa

ABSTRACT This study examines how entrepreneurial human capital affects the resource mobilization process in new ventures, specifically the likelihood of using informal ties (i.e. family and friends) in their hiring process. Building on human capital arguments, we theorize that the higher the entrepreneur’s formal educational attainment, the greater the likelihood that they will go against the norm of hiring through informal ties. Given the centrality of gender in the relationship between entrepreneurship and family embeddedness, we evaluate the moderating role of gender on the relationship between formal education and the hiring process. Empirical findings from logistic regression analyses of 1,114 new ventures in Nigeria provide broad support for the theoretical framework. These findings contribute to our understanding of individual-level forces that influence the persistence of, or decreased reliance on, informal institutions in entrepreneurial activity in Sub-Saharan Africa.

A paradigm shift in financial landscape: encouraging collaboration and innovation among Indonesian FinTech lending players

PurposeThis paper aims to examine about the nature and strategy of current competitive dynamics by FinTech lending Indonesia players.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses both primary and secondary data. Interviews of several executives of a FinTech lending firm are done to gain direct insight of how the firms strategize their business operation. On the other hand, secondary data from internet search (e.g., OJK’s Website, FinTech Lending firm’s websites) are used to grasp the overview of the industrial landscape.FindingsThe study confirms that differentiation, collaboration, compliance and strong internal resources (e.g. team and funding) are the most pivotal elements for FinTech lending success. The study also confirmed the FinTech lending industrial landscape as an emerging and fragmented industry.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper offers an original and detailed solution about how the FinTech lending company strategies may survive in a dynamic competition. The paper also shows the industrial analysis of the FinTech lending industry, which is rarely discussed in previous research. However, this study only focused on the lending sub-sector of FinTech, and the sample for primary data is highly limited (only three interviews).Practical implicationsThis paper proposes a strategy that can be conducted by FinTech lending companies to achieve their business goals, including business growth, profits and improve financial inclusion in Indonesia. This perspective can act as a means to create practical modus operandi for policymakers and practitioners, especially FinTech lending companies in Indonesia.Originality/valueThis paper offers an original and detailed solution about how the FinTech lending company strategies may survive in adynamic competition. This study also provides a theoretical framework for use in further empirical research into the process of resource mobilization from FinTech lending Indonesia companies.

Entrepreneurship in emerging economies

AbstractResearch SummaryThe economic center of gravity is shifting from mature markets to emerging regions. This shift provides a good opportunity to broaden and deepen our theoretical base of concepts and frameworks because emerging and mature regions differ significantly in their institutional regimes. Hence entrepreneurial resource mobilization in emerging regions could differ significantly because of theoretical differences in actors' action logics and resource governance. The eight papers in this special issue provide new empirical evidence on antecedents and consequences of entrepreneurial resource mobilization efforts in emerging regions. Here, we briefly summarize the state of the field, introduce the articles by situating them in a novel theoretical framework on entrepreneurial resource mobilization, and finally using our framework, we suggest opportunities for future research on entrepreneurship in emerging regions.Managerial SummaryEntrepreneurship research has advanced mainly using empirical data from the developed economies of North America and Western Europe. Because emerging economies differ markedly in their institutional development from developed economies, this prior research is less likely to be useful to understand entrepreneurship in emerging regions ‐ which are increasingly crucial components of the global economy. This special issue contains eight articles addressing different aspects of the entrepreneurial resource mobilization process using diverse research methods on empirical data drawn from a broad range of emerging economies. This introduction describes the state of the field prior to the special issue, introduces the special issue articles and identifies topics that still need further investigation. We distill the current state of knowledge and offer a roadmap for future scholarship.

Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies

Research Summary: The economic center of gravity is shifting from mature markets to emerging regions. This shift provides a good opportunity to broaden and deepen our theoretical base of concepts and frameworks because emerging and mature regions differ significantly in their institutional regimes. Hence entrepreneurial resource mobilization in emerging regions could differ significantly because of theoretical differences in actors’ action logics and resource governance. The eight papers in this special issue provide new empirical evidence on antecedents and consequences of entrepreneurial resource mobilization efforts in emerging regions. Here, we briefly summarize the state of the field, introduce the articles by situating them in a novel theoretical framework on entrepreneurial resource mobilization, and finally using our framework, we suggest opportunities for future research on entrepreneurship in emerging regions. Managerial Summary: Entrepreneurship research has advanced mainly using empirical data from the developed economies of North America and Western Europe. Because emerging economies differ markedly in their institutional development from developed economies, this prior research is less likely to be useful to understand entrepreneurship in emerging regions - which are increasingly crucial components of the global economy. This special issue contains eight articles addressing different aspects of the entrepreneurial resource mobilization process using diverse research methods on empirical data drawn from a broad range of emerging economies. This introduction describes the state of the field prior to the special issue, introduces the special issue articles and identifies topics that still need further investigation. We distill the current state of knowledge and offer a roadmap for future scholarship.

Solo vs. Co: Under What Conditions Can Solo-Founded Ventures Perform as well as Co-Founded Ventures?

While much has been written about the resource mobilization process of new ventures, surprisingly the literature does not distinguish between new ventures founded by a single founder and new ventur...

It takes two to tango: mobilizing strategic, ordinary, and weak resources at the base of the pyramid

ABSTRACTEntrepreneurs are often resource-constrained from the beginning. Entrepreneurs at the base of the pyramid (BoP) face an additional challenge: the context in which they operate is also lacking in resources, at least strategic resources that contribute competitive advantage. Nevertheless, firms in a BoP context are urged to become socially embedded and build on the present resources and conditions. This implies a resource mobilization process and joint value creation. Using a single case study of an electricity firm operating in rural India, this research investigates how entrepreneurs can mobilize strategic, ordinary, and weak resources through social embeddedness at the BoP. The research discloses three new actions related to become socially embedded – enticing customers, selective attention, and supplier responsiveness. It thus contributes theoretically to the social embeddedness perspective and the BoP literature. Moreover, it contributes theoretically to the resource-based view (RBV) theory and the resource mobilization perspective in suggesting that there is more room to socially embed ordinary and weak resources. As a result, they become more valuable compared to strategic resources, which exhibit less room for becoming socially embedded and therefore become less valuable. Consequently, the findings challenge the RBV and the valuable, rare, inimitable, and non-substitutable (VRIN) labeling of resources.

After Weaning-off the Global Fund's Support-Can Thailand’s HIV/AIDS Program Survive?

Global Fund supported HIV/AIDS program in Thailand since 2002, largely for prevention and treatment of key populations, such as men having sex with men, sex workers, injecting drug users and undocumented migrants who cannot easily access to government health services. Global Fund resources facilitate civil society organizations deliver service to these key populations. To sustain AIDS program after weaning-off from Global Fund support, analysis found that the government is able to mobilize adequate domestic resources and sustain it, as the magnitude of funding from the Global Fund supporting Thailand was relatively small, 7-15% of total AIDS expenditure during 2008-2013. Consensus among key actors was reached to maintain the principle of participatory governance where civil society organizations involved in the whole process of resource mobilization, resource allocation and program implementation. The challenges on the bureaucratic rigidity of not able to use government budget to contract civil society organizations can be overcome by amendment of public financial management rules. Given the strong intersectoral actions and non-state actor roles, there are more enabling factors than barriers, supporting smooth transition and sustaining AIDS program and ending the diseases after weaning off from Global Fund.

Integrating multiple theoretical approaches to explore the resource mobilization process of community ventures

Purpose – Community ventures are likely to increase the well-being and attractiveness of local communities. Community entrepreneurs mobilize inhabitants to actively involve them in the development of the venture. To push local norms and practices, some entrepreneurs introduce external resources and impulses. Consequently, the resource mobilization process of community ventures is likely to involve a range of actors with different goals and demands. This study aims to play with four theoretical approaches to develop a multi-level, conceptual framework of the resource mobilization process. Moreover, the study discusses the role that gender may have in this process. Design/methodology/approach – A conceptual framework is proposed by integrating the resource dependence theory, entrepreneurial orientation, social embeddedness and legitimacy approaches. Findings – The author discusses how each of the four theoretical approaches can add new understanding to the resource mobilization process of community ventures. Integrating these approaches may enable the exploration of the role of community entrepreneurs, local communities and external environments in the resource mobilization process. Moreover, they enable the exploration of mechanisms that are likely to facilitate the process. The study also argues for including gender as a component of the framework and emphasizes a lack of knowledge about gender in community entrepreneurship research. Originality/value – This study provides a conceptual framework to be used in further, empirical research into the resource mobilization process of community ventures. Moreover, the study suggests several questions for further research about the role of gender in community entrepreneurship processes.

Modeling the Impact of Networks and Dependence on Male & Female Entrepreneurs in Emerging Economie

One of the key challenges facing entrepreneurs in the early stages of their venture is the process of resource mobilization. Social networks are critical for entrepreneurs as they serve as means fo...

Warsaw Cop19 Outcomes and Implications of Climate Finance

The 19th Conference of Parties and 9th Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol (COP19/CMP9) of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) took place from 11th to 23th November, 2013 in Warsaw, Poland. Key agenda items related to climate finance discussed at the COP19 includes the Work Programme on Long-term Finance (hereinafter the LTF), guidance to the Green Climate Fund (GCF) and the 5th review of the financial mechanism.Contrary to developing countries that repeatedly underscored the predictability of climate finance and responsibility of developed countries, developed countries rather focused on the role of public finance in mobilizing climate funds from private sources and promotion of enabling environment in developing countries. Since the conflicting interests between developed and developing countries on the subject of climate finance mobilization and deployment made it difficult for the COP19 to reach meaningful agreements, political coordination between the two groups is a prerequisite to mobilize scaled-up climate finance. Biennial reports to be submitted by developed country Parties and the SCF, respectively, in 2014 will play a pivotal role in enhancing the transparency of climate finance flows. At the high-level ministerial dialogue on climate finance during the COP19, some European countries pledged to make contributions to the GCF once the initial resource mobilization process of the GCF is finalized. However, in order to build a more stable financial basis for the GCF, the range of the discussions and negotiations among the Parties should include not only the operation of the GCF but also the long-term finance issue as a whole.

Optimization or Bricolage? Overcoming Resource Constraints in Global Social Entrepreneurship

Resources play a vital role in the development of an entrepreneurial venture. For ventures operating in the public interest, the process of effective resource mobilization can be especially critical to the social mission. However, there has been limited empirical examination of the approaches used by social ventures to mobilize critical resources. We study two processes of resource mobilization—optimization and bricolage, and examine the antecedent conditions that influence a venture's selection of these processes. Our theory predicts that environmental munificence and organizational prominence have U‐shaped associations with the use of bricolage and positive associations with the use of optimization. We test our hypotheses on a sample of 202 technology social ventures from 42 countries and discuss implications for the social entrepreneurship and broader entrepreneurship literatures. Copyright © 2013 Strategic Management Society.