Design Research Process Research Articles

Methodological Decisions in Undertaking Academic Integrity Policy Analysis: Considerations for Future Research

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to share details of the methodological decisions regarding data collection that a researcher or research team may want to consider when undertaking a policy analysis. Methods: We have undertaken a meticulous documentation of our decision-making processes throughout the research design process. Results: We provide narrative evidence of what worked for us as a collaborative research team. Implications: Understanding the decisions we made throughout our research design and implementation may help other research teams, particularly those working as virtual collaborations and/or those undertaking academic integrity policy analysis.

Healthcare Research and Analytics Data Infrastructure Solution: A Data Warehouse for Health Services Research.

BackgroundHealth services researchers spend a substantial amount of time performing integration, cleansing, interpretation, and aggregation of raw data from multiple public or private data sources. Often, each researcher (or someone in their team) duplicates this effort for their own project, facing the same challenges and experiencing the same pitfalls discovered by those before them.ObjectiveThis paper described a design process for creating a data warehouse that includes the most frequently used databases in health services research.MethodsThe design is based on a conceptual iterative process model framework that utilizes the sociotechnical systems theory approach and includes the capacity for subsequent updates of the existing data sources and the addition of new ones. We introduce the theory and the framework and then explain how they are used to inform the methodology of this study.ResultsThe application of the iterative process model to the design research process of problem identification and solution design for the Healthcare Research and Analytics Data Infrastructure Solution (HRADIS) is described. Each phase of the iterative model produced end products to inform the implementation of HRADIS. The analysis phase produced the problem statement and requirements documents. The projection phase produced a list of tasks and goals for the ideal system. Finally, the synthesis phase provided the process for a plan to implement HRADIS. HRADIS structures and integrates data dictionaries provided by the data sources, allowing the creation of dimensions and measures for a multidimensional business intelligence system. We discuss how HRADIS is complemented with a set of data mining, analytics, and visualization tools to enable researchers to more efficiently apply multiple methods to a given research project. HRADIS also includes a built-in security and account management framework for data governance purposes to ensure customized authorization depending on user roles and parts of the data the roles are authorized to access.ConclusionsTo address existing inefficiencies during the obtaining, extracting, preprocessing, cleansing, and filtering stages of data processing in health services research, we envision HRADIS as a full-service data warehouse integrating frequently used data sources, processes, and methods along with a variety of data analytics and visualization tools. This paper presents the application of the iterative process model to build such a solution. It also includes a discussion on several prominent issues, lessons learned, reflections and recommendations, and future considerations, as this model was applied.

A Learning Analytics Approach to Address Heterogeneity in the Classroom: The Teachers\u2019 Diagnostic Support System

Addressing heterogeneity in the classroom by adapting instruction to learners’ needs challenges teachers in their daily work. To provide adaptive instruction in the most flexible way, teachers face the problem of assessing students’ individual characteristics (learning prerequisites and learning needs) and situational states (learning experiences and learning progress) along with the characteristics of the learning environment. To support teachers in gathering and processing such multidimensional diagnostic information in class, we have developed a client–server based software prototype running on mobile devices: the Teachers’ Diagnostic Support System. Following the generic educational design research process, we (1) delineate theoretical implications for system requirements drawn from a literature review, (2) describe the systems’ design and technical development and (3) report the results of a usability study. We broaden our theoretical understanding of heterogeneity within school classes and establish a basis for technological interventions to improve diagnostic accuracy in adaptive instructional strategies.

Co‐creation and co‐design in pop‐up stores: The intersection of marketing and design research?

Co‐creation as a concept and process has been prominent in both marketing and design research over the past ten years. Referring respectively to the active collaboration of firms with their stakeholders in value creation, or to the participation of design users in the design research process, there has arguably been little common discourse between these academic disciplines. This article seeks to redress this deficiency by connecting marketing and design research together—and particularly the concepts of co‐creation and co‐design—to advance theory and broaden the scope of applied research into the topic. It does this by elaborating the notion of the pop‐up store as temporary place of consumer/user engagement, to build common ground for theory and experimentation in terms of allowing marketers insight into what is meaningful to consumers and in terms of facilitating co‐design. The article describes two case studies, which outline how this can occur and concludes by proposing principles and an agenda for future marketing/design pop‐up research.

Participatory Research and Design in the Portal to Peru

AbstractThis article explores the potentials and challenges of employing digital and interactive media as part of the research–design process. The Portal to Peru project features an online exhibition of Andean textiles, focusing on the work of the Center for Traditional Textiles of Cusco, Peru. The website shares the rich weaving traditions of the Andes with a broad public, including Andean studies scholars and Peruvians who live in Peru and the United States. The research and content for the website draw on key Andean textile studies texts, combined with interviews with weavers and others associated with the Center for Traditional Textiles and a portion of the extensive photographic archives of the Center for Traditional Textiles itself. This article examines this digital design project from the perspective of participatory research, participatory design, and design ethnography, seeking to identify insights about how ethnographers and others can present cultural heritage online in a way that attends to the dual nature of intangible heritage as artifact and process.

Making a Sensory Cocoon: Translating Discrete Sensory Needs into a Built Solution with Emerging Digital Fabrication Workflows

Multisensory environments are believed to be helpful for neurodiverse individuals with sensory-processing issues (e.g., autism spectrum disorder or cerebral palsy). However, limited evidence is available about the effectiveness of multisensory environments or how to design multisensory environments for discrete sensory needs. This paper discusses the design, development, and assessment of a sensory cocoon that was part of a multisensory environment, named the sensory wellbeing hub, installed in a Chicago public high school for adolescents with developmental disabilities. The sensory cocoon is a freestanding microenvironment designed for visual and auditory separation and, through this project, the translation of design objectives into physical form to mitigate environmental elements was explored. This paper presents the technical design, detail development, and digital fabrication methods used to make a sensory-specific space through an iterative design research process. The efficacy of the sensory cocoon was evaluated for sound intensity and illumination levels compared to the surrounding classroom environment. Furthermore, the frequency of sensory cocoon usage during the following academic year was tested to assess its effectiveness for respite.

Collaboration between Universities and Governments In Realizing Quality Policies, (Evidence-Based Policy)

In the policy formulation process, there is a gap between universities and the government as policy makers, which causes the existence of policies that are not evidence based. Many background this gap, including the lack of validity of information from the results of tertiary research so that it is unable to increase the government's confidence to accommodate the information. On the one hand there is still strong political influence in policy formulation. lobbying system, compromise to bargaining to determine whether or not the policy is decided. Therefore, this paper aims to see the collaboration of universities and government in producing quality policies. The author uses the method of library study, which is collecting data, information, by examining research journals, books, literature and sources of reliable sources both written and digital that are relevant and relevant to this paper. The results of the study indicate that universities have not been able to meet the needs of quality policies. This much of the information from research results has not been able to open up the confidence of policy makers. as a result of the study are only small input and are more dominated by political interests. Therefore, one of the efforts that must be addressed is involving the government in the research design process, this will increase the confidence of policy makers regarding the information obtained.

A study of practice based design research models from knowledge integration perspective

The transformation of China's design innovation industry has highlighted the importance of design research. The design research process in practice can be regarded as the process of knowledge production. The design 3.0 mode based on knowledge production MODE2 has been shown in the Chinese design innovation industry. On this cognition, this paper establishes a map with two dimensions of how knowledge integration occurs in practice based design research, which are the design knowledge transfer and contextual transformation of design knowledge. We use this map to carry out the analysis of design research cases. Through the analysis, we define four typical practice based design research models from the viewpoint of knowledge integration. This method and the proposed model can provide a theoretical basis and a path for better management design research projects.

REFLECTIONS FROM HOMELAB: DEVELOPING TASKS TO MEASURE UPPER-BODY FUNCTION IN A SIMULATED HOME

Homelike research spaces provide a unique context for studying older adulthood by blurring the boundaries between the participant’s own home and traditional laboratories. Such intermediary spaces hold promise for developing measures of functional performance with increased ecological validity. While “home labs” are becoming more accessible at institutions around the world, the research design process in these spaces contains hidden challenges that can be a barrier to entry for the uninitiated. We identify and reflect on these challenges through the lens of a recent protocol built to assess upper-body performance among older adults during activities of daily living. The U-M HomeLab served as a proving ground for four example tasks: opening a water bottle, sorting pills, tying an apron, and hanging laundry. The evolution of each task is traced through ideation, testing, and refinement, culminating in a pilot among nine community-dwelling volunteers aged 61 to 72 with upper-body pain. Based on this experience, we recommend that designers of naturalistic tasks in homelike environments give special consideration to (1) feasibility, (2) scorability, and (3) safety while carefully balancing standardization against verisimilitude. In turn, each of these elements must be grounded not only in the context of the facility itself but also in the population using that facility. Among older adults with upper body pain, considerations included remaining cognizant of fall risk, anticipating and capturing compensatory behaviors, tailoring task difficulty for a wide range of physical ability, and accounting for the impact of historically gendered divisions of labor on task performance.

Toward Donut‐Centered Design: A Design Research Toolkit for the 21st Century

The social and ecological challenges of the 21st century require a design research process that contributes to viable economic solutions. This paper proposes donut centered design as a hybrid of service design and ecological design that works within the donut economic model. It describes how private and public sector ethnographers can weld the best of these two processes by providing a holistic, empirical research foundation that seeks to provide distributed service innovation value to all within the limits of the planet. Donut‐centered design addresses lacunae of the current innovation models by advocating multi‐site assessments, multi‐species ethnography, ecosocial blueprints and holistics metrics as important components of a regenerative design research practice.

Implementación y evaluación de un proyecto multidisciplinario basado en el proceso iterativo de investigación de diseño de producto

Se presenta un caso de estudio cuyo objetivo es la implementación y evaluación de un proyecto multidisciplinario como estrategia de enseñanza-aprendizaje en el Tronco Común de Arquitectura y Diseño de la Escuela de Ciencias de la Ingeniería y Tecnología (Ecitec), Universidad Autónoma de Baja California (UABC). Participan docentes con formación en diversas disciplinas asociadas al diseño, quienes trabajan a lo largo del semestre de manera colaborativa como guías co-responsables en el desarrollo de un producto con lineamientos específicos de diseño determinados mediante el uso de métodos etnográficos e investigación de campo. Tiene como base la metodología de Proceso de Investigación de Diseño, que integra el trabajo de cuatro Unidades de Aprendizaje. Los resultados indican la aceptación de alumnos y docentes del uso de una metodología proyectual y que, en una fase temprana de formación, el alumno identifica que la aproximación de las disciplinas que participan es similar a la práctica profesional, lo que estimula el proceso creativo.

Professional learning through collaborative research in mathematics

ABSTRACT In this study, the professional learning of two groups of secondary mathematics teachers are compared as they participate in an education research project to explore the uses of iPads within formative assessment processes. Data from lesson observations, meetings and teacher interviews show how collaborative participation in a design research cycle involving the development, implementation and analysis of lessons facilitated individual and collective professional learning. Specific elements of the design research process provided opportunities for knowledge sharing and reflection on practice, but individual learning gains were closely associated with the development of these teacher groups into professional learning communities. Two contrasting case studies show how various affordances and constraints of the research activity either encourage or restrain the development of characteristics associated with professional learning communities. The findings provide insight into the early developmental stages of professional learning communities, the conditions that affect their growth and the efficacy of collaborative design research to stimulate the development of such communities.

Study of the implantation of an experiential approach to science teachers’ training in Francophone minority communities: results from the second phase of a three phases design research

To remedy the problems of science teaching in francophone minority communities in Canada, we propose an “experiential” approach to train future science teachers. In this regard, our research aims to conceive and identify the conditions for implementing such experiential training, as well as evaluate its effect on the development of science teaching skills, as part of a collaboration between a university education faculty and two high schools in a French minority environment. The experiential approach had been implemented in one physics education course in a teacher training program taught in a Canadian university. To assess the achievement of our research objectives, we used qualitative methods, following a design research model. We report here on the results of the second phase of a three phases design research process. As for the implantation in local minority settings, some key findings are reported here from the second phase. Finally, we conclude by stating advantages and limits of our research.

Research ethics for mobile sensing device use by vulnerable populations

Devices equipped with sensors to track mobility, such as through Global Position Systems (GPS) and accelerometery, are increasingly being used for research. Following Canadian, US, and International guidelines there is a need to give special consideration when conducting research with vulnerable populations. This paper examines specific ethical concerns for conducting research with mobile sensing devices for use by vulnerable populations, considering aspects of both research design and research process. Drawing on insights from feminist design and aligned fields, such as participatory design and action research, we contend that any research design and process for working with vulnerable populations must be developed in collaboration with the particular groups and communities who are part of the research. As part of this process of collaborative research, we discuss risks in terms of the lack of control over data associated with choosing commercial devices, as well as practicality and obtrusiveness of devices for the wearer. We also discuss the significance of informed consent and refusal and issues relating to security and safety during research. As part of the collaborative research design and process, we argue that participants should be given as much control over their data as possible. Based on this discussion, we provide recommendations for researchers to consider, which are broadly relevant for research using mobile sensing devices but particularly significant in relation to vulnerable populations.

Promoting active citizenship in mathematics teaching

Mathematical and scientific knowledge are integral to preparing our population to be actively engaged and responsible citizens. Science and mathematics education, however, has mainly focused on concepts and skills detached from societal implications. In this paper we present an interdisciplinary international design research study in which we developed teaching and professional development materials connecting mathematics and science education to citizenship education. We outline the design research process, its theoretical basis as well as the design products. The study shows that it is indeed possible to develop such approaches supporting active citizenship and thereby the development of 21st century skills in mathematics education, thus strengthening the role of mathematics education in the STEM field.

Mitigation of Shock: Post‐Occupancy Anthropology

Getting people truly on board requires not just intellectual explanations, but emotional connection. So how can the need to address climate change be made real to the average urbanite? By creating an immersive experience of a city apartment as it might look in 2050, London design studio Superflux's installation Mitigation of Shock confronts us with the likely impact of global warming on the way we live, while offering insights that we could apply to take control of our destinies. Here, studio cofounders Anab Jain and Jon Ardern, and studio researcher Danielle Knight, describe the design research process that produced it, from interviews with specialists in a broad range of fields to materials investigations and prototyping.

Research design process formalization

Research design process formalization

Designing and Facilitating Collaborative Research Design and Data Analysis Workshops: Lessons Learned in the Healthy Neighborhoods Study.

One impediment to expanding the prevalence and quality of community-engaged research is a shortage of instructive resources for collaboratively designing research instruments and analyzing data with community members. This article describes how a consortium of community residents, grassroots community organizations, and academic and public institutions implemented collaborative research design and data analysis processes as part of a participatory action research (PAR) study investigating the relationship between neighborhoods and health in the greater Boston area. We report how nine different groups of community residents were engaged in developing a multi-dimensional survey instrument, generating and testing hypotheses, and interpreting descriptive statistics and preliminary findings. We conclude by reflecting on the importance of balancing planned strategies for building and sustaining resident engagement with improvisational facilitation that is responsive to residents’ characteristics, interests and needs in the design and execution of collaborative research design and data analysis processes.

PhD Thesis Writing Process: A Systematic Approach—How to Write Your Methodology, Results and Conclusion

I have already discussed the PhD introduction and literature review in detail. In this paper, I discuss the PhD methodology, results and how to write a stunning conclusion for your thesis. The main objective of this paper is to help PhD candidates to understand what is a PhD methodology and guide them in writing a systematic and meaningful PhD methodology, results and conclusion. The methodology used in this research is a descriptive method as it deliberates and defines the various parts of PhD methodology, results and conclusion writing process and elucidates the “how to do” in a very unpretentious and understanding manner. As thus, this paper summarises the various steps of thesis methodology, results and conclusion writing to pilot the PhD students. This road map is a useful guidance especially for students of social science studies. Additionally, in this paper, methodology writing techniques, procedures and important strategies are enlightened in a simple manner. This paper adopts a “how-to approach” when discussing a variety of relevant topics such as introduction, formulation of the methodology, variables, research design process, types of sampling, data collection process, interviews, questionnaires, data analysis techniques and so on. Results and conclusions are also discussed in detail, so that PhD candidates can follow the guide clearly. This paper has 5 parts such as Introduction, Literature reviews, Methodology, Results and Conclusion. As such, I discuss Methodology, Results and Conclusion as the final assessment of the PhD thesis writing process.

Designing for Revitalization of Communities through New Business Models for Traditional Arts and Crafts

This paper discusses the importance and opportunities of design in helping to revitalize rural and marginalized communities where traditional arts and craft businesses often reside. It argues that traditional arts and craft businesses need to build a symbiotic relationship with the local communities to ensure the survival and thriving of both. It aims to demonstrate that designers should and can work traditional arts and craft business to better tell their stories and pursue new business opportunities with the goal to achieve sustainable development of these businesses and their communities. Through ethnography research and participatory design process, the paper presents the research team’s collaborations with a few traditional arts and crafts business owners in three communities and presents a few design concepts resulted from this process. It provides a list of suggestions based on the above analysis for designers who are interested in working as the link between business and traditional arts and design.