Qualitative Data Analysis Process Research Articles

A Review of Cross Cultural Leadership and Management in International Projects

Cross-cultural leadership management is an effective process of business that gives a competitive advantage to the organisation in the global market. The overall performance of multinational projects can be improved by improving the cross-cultural leadership process. The cross-cultural leadership management process is effective to improve business negotiation techniques, communication and trust with people of other cultures and ultimately it improves the overall business of the organisation. Considering the diversity of international projects, efficient leadership and management provide an advantage to the business by improving potential barriers. Therefore, understanding the major impacts of cross-cultural leadership and management processes in international projects and their challenges is very important in the contemporary days. This research is thus emphasising the major impacts and challenges of the cross-cultural leadership processes and also provides different strategies to overcome the challenges through qualitative data collection and analysis process. On the other hand, thematic analysis has helped to give an insightful overview of the topic and also supported in making international projects more effective and easy. Hence, the following study gives an intense analysis of cross-cultural leadership processes that supports the organisation in a competitive international market. Keywords : Business Process, Cross-Cultural, Effective Business Process, Leadership Management.

Lack of it Infrastructure for ICT Based Education as an Emerging Issue in Online Education

Technology evolves everything around the world and it has the capability to improve the learning process among students globally. IT infrastructure is the main key to success in the field of emerging ICT-based online education systems. Proper implementation of IT infrastructure helps to improve online education systems worldwide. Implementation of IT infrastructure increases access to technology and also enhances the efficiency of the online education system. A well-structured IT infrastructure helps students to make communication with teachers and other learners more efficiently and that is important in the ICT-based education system. IT infrastructure also improves the ICT-based learning process and that is important to improve skills and innovative ideas among the learners. This study aims to investigate where the existing IT infrastructure is lacking and how it can be solved to get better results in the field of ICT-based online education systems. This research also emphasises the multiple benefits of implementing proper IT infrastructure to improve the effectiveness of the online learning process. The secondary qualitative data collection and analysis process is followed in this research to make this research time efficient and relevant. Thematic analysis of the lack of IT infrastructure and its effect also gives an insightful overview about the issue also provides different strategies to overcome these issues Keyword :Education, ICT-based education, Information technology, infrastructure, IT infrastructure, learners, online education, online platform, students.

Development of Creativity Instrument for Technical Education and Vocational Training Students

: The purpose of this study is to develop an instrument of student creativity element by exploring creativity constructs for the formation of TVET student creativity instrument. This study uses a qualitative approach through interviews as a case study method. The qualitative data analysis process was based on 3 stages of data processing by Miles and Huberman (1994) and NVIVO 12 Plus software was used to analyze the interview transcripts to form themes and subthemes. The qualitative data analysis identified eight elements related to the relevant elements of creativity, namely: intelligence, knowledge, thinking style, personality, motivation, environment, generic/soft skills, and mind mechanisms. Of the 8 constructs that emerged, they formed 24 dimensions. The implication of this study is to identify the elements needed to enhance the creativity of TVET students from the experts' point of view.

Assessment of the Interrelation Between Investment Banking and Disclosures of Risk Taking

The study focuses on the importance regarding the interrelation between the disclosures based of taking overall risks and the process of investment banking. It also illustrates about the main process of investment banking fall an impact on risk mitigation by taking the help of risk-based approaches. Apart from that, it also indulges with the process of investment banking that assists in taking the decision for organisational financial development and growth. The study demonstrates about the importance of the risk management, which is based on the investment banking and discusses about the potential problems that are faced in investment banking process. The study also analyses that risk management is much more important for investment banking as it will mitigate all the issues and challenges of the investment process. The study evaluates the relevance of investment banking that recognises to evaluate the significance of risk identification. The present study shows an effective relationship between investment banking and disclosure of risk identification. In this research study, the researcher has chosen the appropriate research methodology to understand the knowledge about the organisation’s financial development in the competitive marketplace. The researcher has chosen an explanatory research design and secondary qualitative data analysis process that improves the development of the research study. The researcher has chosen the thematic analysis that ensures to establish the research study that can enhance a stakeholder’s development activity for the development of investment banking. Keywords : Disclosure, Financial development, Investment banking, Risk mitigation

The Changing Face of Corporate Ethics and Its Impact on Enhancing Corporate Governance

Corporate ethics is an inseparable part of corporate social responsibility and it has the ability to improve the overall business process of an organisation. The corporate ethic includes different theories and ideas that help to meet the corporate social responsibilities in an organisation. Corporate ethics plays a significant role in business governance from the beginning but in the present globalised scenario it changes its forms and that affects the business process in different ways. It changes the different aspects of business ethics that bring positive changes in business governance. This study is emphasising on the changing face of corporate ethics and its impacts on improving the business governance in the present globalised scenario. Besides, this study will focus on the importance of corporate ethics in a business process. This study also aims to evaluate the ethical practices in the business process and helps to make outline about the importance of ethical practices in business organisations. The qualitative design is adopted here in this study to evaluate the impacts of corporate ethics in an organisation and a qualitative data collection and analysis process is also adopted in this research to evaluate the impact of corporate ethics in business governance. Keywords : Business process, changing face, Corporate ethics, corporate governance, organisation, and social responsibilities.

Young women’s lived experiences of using PrEP in Namibia: A qualitative phenomenological study

BackgroundYoung women are more likely to acquire Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) than other population groups. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is using antiretroviral medicines by HIV-negative individuals before HIV exposure to avert HIV infection. Various conditions may influence women’s decisions to initiate and continue PrEP. ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore young women’s lived experiences using PrEP in the Rundu district, Namibia. MethodFace-to-face in-depth interviews were conducted with nine young women between 21 and 24 years who had experience of current or previous use of PrEP and attended at least one follow-up visit after commencing PrEP. Colaizzi’s seven-step process of qualitative data analysis was used to analyse data. FindingsYoung women were aware of their risk of acquiring HIV, prompting them to use PrEP. These risks included a lack of awareness of their partner’s HIV status, a lack of trust in their partners, or being in a sexual relationship with a partner living with HIV. Awareness also emanated from information provided by healthcare workers, peers and the media. Using PrEP empowered young women for self-care by enabling them to make choices about managing their risk. Some women persisted using PrEP despite several challenges, including the lack of privacy, stigma and inadequate support. ConclusionPrEP is an empowering HIV prevention strategy for young women; however, much still needs to be done to promote young women’s willingness to initiate and continue PrEP.

A Mechanism for Dispute Resolution in the Iranian Construction Industry

If disputes are not resolved promptly, they tend to become prolonged and escalated, creating a more complicated and less manageable scenario. Therefore, in this study, we formulated a mechanism for dispute resolution in the Iranian construction industry based on alternative dispute resolution methods. The formulated mechanism could aid disputing parties in the construction industry to settle their disputes more effectively and enhance dispute resolution methods in construction standard forms. To achieve this goal, we collected qualitative data using semi-structured interviews with 30 experts who were selected via purposive sampling method. We used MAXQDA software to manage and organise complete interview transcripts and facilitate the qualitative data analysis process. The proposed mechanism and guidance were finally validated using the survey questionnaire. Negotiation has equal potential for dispute resolution with different sources, and it is recommended as the first step in dispute resolution with any source. According to the results, we recommend a three-step resolution mechanism as follows: negotiation, a method based on sources of disputes and a hybrid method of adjudication and arbitration (Adj-Arb), as the appropriate mechanism for dispute resolution in the Iranian construction industry. Replacing arbitration with Adj-Arb in construction standard forms will have satisfactory results in resolving construction disputes and reply to growing criticism that arbitration is becoming more like litigation.

Viewing ‘open strategy’ as a viable approach to the management of strategy

Orientation: Sound strategic management is vital for the longevity and sustainability of organisations. Yet, strategy execution remains problematic, in part due to prolific changes in the business environment. Research purpose: To explore the views of South African managers toward Open Strategy, to gauge whether managers will consider Open Strategy as viable strategic management approach. Motivation for the study: As organisations grapple with the challenges of Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR), it is apparent that conventional thinking on strategy is losing relevance. Alternative approaches to strategy are being explored that are better suited to the changing business environment. Research design, approach and method: The study was conducted from an Interpretive perspective, employing a qualitative survey design. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 middle and senior managers of South African companies. Data were analysed through thematic content analysis, employing Creswell’s four-stage process of qualitative data analysis. Main findings: Five themes emerged, highlighting that conventional thinking on strategic management pervades. Research participants acknowledged that they were unaware of Open Strategy, although evidence suggested that elements of Open Strategy were present in their approaches to strategy formulation and execution. These were categorized into evidence relating to transparency, inclusivity and IT-enabledness. Practical/managerial implications: From the findings of the study suggestions were provided on how South African organisations could pursue a greater degree of openness in their management of strategy. Contribution/value-add: The study provides valuable insights in terms of opening up strategic practices to be more prepared for the challenges laid down by 4IR.

Challenges and Pitfalls in the Design and Reporting of Qualitative Research in the Health Sciences: Reflections from a Referee and Reviewer

This paper aims to highlight some of the common areas of concern in qualitative research proposals and manuscripts, gleaned from the authors’ first-hand experience as an external referee and peer-reviewer. The purpose is to provide broad guidance to researchers who are contemplating on writing a research proposal or journal manuscript using a qualitative approach. The three issues are (1) application of the generic label “qualitative” when proponents or authors describe the study design; (2) overreliance on, and even misuse of, interviews and focus groups for data collection; and (3) misconceptions on the process of qualitative data analysis. Practice points are offered on how researchers can avoid these missteps.Research has been characterized as a quest for knowledge, and it has been proposed that both qualitative and quantitative approaches uncover different dimensions of “truth”. The predominance of a positivist ontology in health research in the Philippines and elsewhere, coupled with intense methodological training in quantitative approaches, however, has relegated qualitative research to second-class status. Improving the quality of qualitative research work by addressing some of the issues outlined in this paper is one way of moving past this situation.

Qualitative Data Analysis: An Overview of Data Reduction, Data Display and Interpretation

This paper intends to present the practical aspects of doing qualitative data analysis. To this end, the paper was compiled to understand the practical aspects of doing qualitative data analysis with the ultimate purpose of identifying the commonly used approaches and techniques for data reduction, data display, and interpretation. Secondary source of data was used to collect and analyze the data needed to address the aforementioned objectives. Accordingly, books, articles, research reports, and different published materials were critically reviewed. The paper began by defining what qualitative data analysis is in accordance with its aim, basic principles and features. In addition, the paper presents qualitative data analysis and its philosophical foundations on the basis of ontological and epistemological stance. The paper further discuss the most commonly used approaches to analyze qualitatively collected data focusing on the background and philosophical basis of each method, unique characteristics of each method, goals and rationale of each method and data analysis process of each method. The paper has also disclosed ethical issues to be considered on the process of qualitative data analysis. The arguments on the paper have by and large proved to be very helpful for analyzing qualitatively collected data in the domain of humanities and social Science inquiries. Keywords: Qualitative Data Analysis, Data Reduction, Data Display, and Data Interpretation. DOI: 10.7176/RHSS/10-21-02 Publication date: November 30 th 2020

Hasta ailesinin palyatif bakım deneyimleri

Purpose: In order to provide patient-centred and high-quality palliative care services, it is crucial to acknowledge the perspectives and experiences of patients and their families; yet, there are not adequate number of studies about this subject. The aim of this study is to identify the perceptions of patient families of palliative care and to determine the challenges they have encountered based on their experience in the palliative care service. Materials and Methods: Qualitative and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 21 patient relatives of patients in the palliative care service. Content analysis method was used for the analysis of qualitative data. Giorgi’s four-step qualitative analysis method was used in qualitative data analysis process. Results: It has been determined that patient relatives who had had no prior knowledge on palliative care perceived palliative care services as “the place in which patient care is taught”, “a fundamentally crucial assistance service”, “a service which has recently been introduced to public knowledge and which must be proliferated”. Conclusion: Providing care services for end-of-life patients might be burdensome for caregivers. Therefore, the expectations and attitudes of patient families and the difficulties they experience in the palliative care process might provide beneficial insight to inform policy decisions in palliative care interventions.

KEMAMPUAN PENALARAN MATEMATIS SISWA DALAM MEMECAHKAN MASALAH ALJABAR BERDASARKAN GAYA KOGNITIF FIELD INDEPENDENT

This research aims to describe the level of mathematical reasoning ability of students with field-independent cognitive styles in solving algebra problems. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive approach, using qualitative data then described to produce a clear and detailed picture of students' mathematical reasoning with independent field cognitive style in solving algebra problems. The subjects of the research were Class VIII students’ of SMP Negeri 47 Surabaya. The main Instrument in this study is the researchers themselves. Instrument supporters in this research is divided into 2 kinds of Tests, namely the task of problem solving algebra, and guidelines for the interview. Data collection Techniques in the study carried out using two techniques, namely written tests and interviews. The process of data analysis in this study refers to qualitative data analysis process, namely the reduction of data, presenting the data, and draw conclusions. the results of this research indicate that (1) able to conduct an investigation of the problems faced thoroughly, (2) able to plan problem solving by connecting various related information, (3) able to use the strategy chosen correctly and correctly, and (4) able to re-examine, evaluate, and draw valid conclusions based on the solution of the problem obtained. In addition, the results of this study indicate that the level of mathematical reasoning ability of students is in the category sufficient to meet the mathematical reasoning indicators of field-independent cognitive style.

School Based Teacher Development Study About a School as Professional Learning Community

The teacher's understanding of CPD is still very low. The main objective of this research is to obtain a picture of school-based teacher development through PLC in the continuous professional development in schools.The research method used is qualitative method. Pre-field includes literature review and field survey. Phase of field work, researcher entered the field in order to collect data. In the data analysis phase the researcher conducts a series of qualitative data analysis process up to the interpretation of the data. In addition, the process of data triangulation compared with library theory. While the evaluation and reporting stage conducted consultation and guidance and reporting of research results.The research findings indicate that the elements of PLC forming are commitment, responsibility, usefulness, collaboration collegial, as well as school culture and climate. While the role of the principal in this PLC is as an instructional leader, motivator, and facilitator. The conclusion of the research shows that PLC is able to promote CPD which leads to improving the quality of learning service.

Musculoskeletal (MSK) practitioners in primary care: an evaluation of a MSK core capabilities framework and review process

ABSTRACTThe General Practice Contract 2019/20 established first contact musculoskeletal (MSK) physiotherapists in primary care. This paper describes an evaluation exploring the feasibility of using the MSK Core Capabilities Framework and a peer review process to evidence capability. It discusses how this process may be developed to ensure MSK practitioners are able to evidence the level of practice required within the complex environment of primary care. MSK practitioners were supported to evidence their capabilities against the MSK Framework. Twenty-two participants took part in the evaluation of this intervention via semi-structured interviews. A robust and iterative process of qualitative data analysis was undertaken. The findings are framed in terms of Davis’ Technology Acceptance Model of evaluation (i.e. user perceptions).There were a range of perceived benefits of the Framework including as a means of quality assurance, career progression, the promotion of knowledge consolidation and reflective practice. There were however, a number of ‘translation into practice’ issues. Given the newness of the MSK Framework, it is perhaps not surprising there is a need for refinement. This evaluation highlights key enablers for reviewing capabilities of MSK practitioners: a curriculum; educational supervision; and accreditation. Learning also applies more widely to other emerging role opportunities.

A Practical Application of Analytic Guiding Frame (AGF) and Overall Guiding Frame (OGF): An Illustration from Literacy Education

This paper illustrates how the Analytic Guiding Frame (AGF) and the Overall Guiding Frame (OGF) are applied when analytic shifts occur in qualitative data analysis. Analytic shifts mainly occur when a proposed analytical method is found to be not fully amenable for analysis because of the contextually-bound nature of qualitative data. In this paper, the illustration located in the field of literacy education revolves around how a methodological and analytical problem was confronted during the fieldwork/analysis stage of research and how analytic negotiations were made with the help of the AGF/OGF framework. From here, it is proposed that much more consideration on matters of epistemology, methodology, research objective and research questions in qualitative research must be made when the iterative process of qualitative data analysis takes place.

Analysis of the Development and Application Case of Technology Teachers Reflection Program Based on Design Thinking

이 연구의 목적은‘디자인 씽킹에 기반한 기술교사 성찰 프로그램(Technology teachers reflection program based on design thinking)’을 개발하고 적용해 기술교사의 전문성을 향상하기 위함이다. 이를 위해 프로그램을 개발하고 타당화했으며 워크숍을 통해 프로그램을 적용한 후 그 과정에 대해 분석했다. 이 연구는 Yin(2016)의 사례연구(case study) 방법을 활용했다. 연구 참여자는 전국의 기술교사 중 8명을 눈덩이 표집(snowball sampling) 방법으로 선정했다. 워크숍 전에 실시한 면담을 통해 기술교사들은 변화에 쫓김, 서툰 공감, 실패에 대한 두려움, 배움에 대한 갈증, 자신감 부족의 다섯 가지 어려움을 겪고 있음을 발견했다. 디자인 씽킹 워크숍과 선행연구들을 참고해 다섯 가지 어려움에 대한 해결방안을 제안하였고, 연구 참여자들도 해결방안에 공감했다. 디자인 씽킹 워크숍을 통해 기술교사들은 ‘10가지 마음가짐(mindset)’을 갖게되었다. 10가지 마음가짐은 수집된 자료의 분석과 선행연구(d.school, 2018; Dweck, 2017; Schweitzer, Groeger, & Sobel, 2016)를 통해 도출하였다. 10가지 마음가짐을 갖는 것으로 기술교사들이 겪는 다섯 가지 어려움은 해결될 수 있다는 것을 확인하였다. 10가지 마음가짐은 기술교사가 창조적 자신감(creative confidence)을 갖도록 하는데도 도움을 주었다. 연구에 참여한 기술교사들은 빠른 시제품 만들기(rapid prototype)의 과정에서 실패에 대한 두려움을 극복하며 창조적 자신감을 회복해 나가고 있었다. 연구에 참여한 기술교사들은 창조적 자신감을 바탕으로 Schön(1983)이 말하는 ‘성찰적 실천가(reflective practitioner)’로 성장해 나가고 있었다. 요컨대, 디자인 씽킹은 기술교사들이 ‘기술교사의 어려움’을 해결하고, 그 과정을 통해 ‘마음가짐(mindset)’을 변화시키고, 다시 ‘창조적 자신감’을 회복시키며, 궁극적으로 ‘성찰적 실천가’로의 성장을 돕는다. 이는 선행 연구의 결과 (d.school, 2018; Dweck, 2017; Johansson‐Sköldberg, Woodilla, & Çetinkaya, 2013; Schweitzer et al., 2016; Straker & Wrigley, 2014; Wrigley & Straker, 2017)에서도 동일하게 확인된다.The purpose of this study was to improve the expertise of technology teachers by developing and applying ‘technology teachers reflection program based on design thinking.’ For this, the programs were developed and verified, of which the processes he analyzed after applying them at the workshops. This study utilized Yin’s(2016) methods of case study. Eight of the national technology teachers were selected as research participants through snowball sampling method. The technology teachers who participated in the workshop wrote out class reflection records before and after the workshop. Research participants were also interviewed before and after the workshop, and the interviews were recorded. The collected data were analyzed according to the general process of qualitative data analysis of Kim Young – chun. (2014, pp. 528～543) Through the interviews conducted before the workshop, the technology teachers found that they had five difficulties as follows; being chased by change, fear of failure, thirst for learning, poor empathy, and lack of confidence. Reference to the design thinking workshop and the previous researches suggested the solution to the five difficulties, and the research participants also sympathized with the solution. The design thinking workshop enabled the technology teachers to have ten mindsets. Ten mindsets were derived from the analysis of the collected data and the precedent study (d. school 2018a; Dweck, 2017; Schweitzer et al., 2016). It has been confirmed that the technology teachers’ five difficulties can be solved by having ten mindsets. The ten mindsets helped the technology teachers to have creative confidence. The technology teachers participating in the research were recovering their creative confidence by getting over the fear of failure in the process of making rapid prototypes. The technology teachers participating in the research were growing up into reflective practitioners of Schön (1983) based on their creative confidence. In brief, design thinking helps technology teachers to solve ‘their difficulties , change ‘mindsets through the process, restore ‘creative confidence again, and ultimately grow as r ‘eflective practitioners . This is also confirmed in the outputs of the precedent research (d.school, 2018a; Dweck, 2017; Johansson‐Sköldberg et al., 2013; Schweitzer et al., 2016; Straker & Wrigley, 2014; Wrigley & Straker, 2017).

Knowledge Management for Cybersecurity in Business Organizations: A Case Study

ABSTRACT Knowledge management (KM) plays important roles in cybersecurity. This study collects five real-life cases of good practices of KM for the domain of cybersecurity in business organizations. Through an iterative process of team-based qualitative data analysis of the five cases, the study develops a model of KM for cybersecurity that conceptualizes three common aspects of KM practices for cybersecurity in business organizations. First, KM for cybersecurity in business organizations has clear specialized organizational structures that involve three inter-organizational tiers across the organization boundaries. Second, the knowledge flows of KM for cybersecurity in business organizations emphasize on explicit, declarative, and specific knowledge. Third, in comparison with KM for other domains, KM for cybersecurity has well-defined objective measures to assess the effectiveness of KM. The domain-specific KM model based on the good practice cases provides a road-map for KM practices in the domain of cybersecurity in business organizations.

Fundamentals of qualitative analysis in family medicine.

The primary purpose of this article is to provide family physician researchers interested in conducting a qualitative research study a concise guide to the analysis. Drawing from approaches outlined in popular research methodology textbooks and employing an exemplar from a minority health disparities research study, this article outlines specific steps useful for researchers and practitioners in the field of family medicine. This process of qualitative data analysis is situated within the larger framework of qualitative research to better position those new to qualitative designs to more effectively conduct their studies. A 10-step process useful for guiding qualitative data analysis is provided. The 10 steps include (1) assembling data for analysis, (2) refamiliarising oneself with the data, (3) open or initial coding procedures, (4) generating categories and assigning codes to them, (5) generating themes from categories, (6) strategies of validation, (7) interpreting and reporting findings from the participants, (8) interpreting and reporting findings from the literature, (9) visual representations of data and findings, and (10) strengths, limitations, delimitations and suggestions for future research. This work provides clear and accessible guidelines for conducting qualitative data analysis for emerging researchers that is applicable across a wide array of topics, disciplines and settings.

Patient involvement in qualitative data analysis in a trial of a patient-centred intervention: Reconciling lay knowledge and scientific method.

BackgroundWe conducted a pilot study of an intervention to facilitate patients’ agenda setting in clinical consultations. The primary aim of the study was to test the feasibility of running the randomized controlled trial. A secondary objective was to assess the extent to which patient and public involvement (PPI) could contribute to the process of qualitative data analysis (QDA).AimsTo describe a novel approach to including patient partners in QDA; to illustrate the kinds of contribution that patient partners made to QDA in this context; and to propose a characterization of a process by which patient involvement can contribute to knowledge production.MethodsSix patient and public representatives were supported to contribute to data analysis via a range of modalities. During a series of QDA workshops, experienced research staff role‐played consultations and interviews, and provided vignettes. Workshop data and PPI diaries were analysed using thematic discourse analysis.ResultsWe characterized a process of thesis, antithesis and synthesis. This PPI group contributed to the rigour and validity of the study findings by challenging their own and the researchers’ assumptions, and by testing the emerging hypotheses. By training PPI representatives to undertake qualitative data analysis, we transformed our understanding of doctor–patient consultations.ConclusionsThis research required changes to our usual research practices but was in keeping with the objective of establishing meaningful patient involvement for a future definitive trial. This work was informed by concepts of critical humility, and a process of knowledge production enabled via the construction of a knowledge space.

The Hermeneutic-Dialectical as a Qualitative Research Analysis in Nursing

The hermeneutic-dialectical analysis is a method that a nursing researcher uses consciously or unconsciously during the process of qualitative data analysis. This method begins as a proposal by Jürgen Habermas in his dialogue with Gadamer in order to show him that the universality of hermeneutics is in reason when the subject is capable of criticizing tradition and authority with an overview to transform reality. In isolation, the concept of hermeneutics has suffered a semantic metamorphosis in historical events; being an art or theory in explaining, translating or interpreting biblical, philosophical and legal texts, until it becomes a philosophical school characterized by the idea: “Truth is the fruit of interpretation. Alternatively, dialectic considers the art of conversation, dialogue, difference, opposition, discrepancy, controversy or argumentation. Dialectic is a branch of philosophy that confirms conflict between two judgments, generating these a final product named the resulting process. Because of this, when considering the advantages and disadvantages of both methods, Habermas remarks that his proposal of Hermeneutic-Dialectic analysis seeks the interpretation of hermeneutics with the critical application of dialectic, that within the qualitative data analysis in nursing, can be used to discover resemblances, inconsistencies, as well as being interpretative and critical in generating knowledge inside the nursing profession.