Material Development Process Research Articles

Ambigapathy Pandian, Thomas Chow Voon Foo, and Shaik Abdul Malik Mohamed Ismail, (Eds.) Curriculum Development, Materials Design and Methodologies: Trends and issues. Pulau Pinang: Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia, 2011. Pp. 1-342. ISBN 978-983-861-493-1 (Print). e-ISBN 978-967-461-089-0

Ambigapathy Pandian, Thomas Chow Voon Foo, and Shaik Abdul Malik Mohamed Ismail, (Eds.) Curriculum Development, Materials Design and Methodologies: Trends and issues. Pulau Pinang: Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia, 2011. Pp. 1-342. ISBN 978-983-861-493-1 (Print). e-ISBN 978-967-461-089-0

Elucidation of the Carbon-Dominated, Chemically and Structurally Heterogeneous, Geopolymeric Material Nanostructure

Timely insight into fundamental material structures and access to the relevant material properties—without delving into complex experimental or sophisticated simulation-based investigations—are pivotal in accelerated material design and development processes. In the present investigation, we attempted to enable a direct physical and structural characterization of the carbon-dominated heterogeneous geopolymeric material nanostructure to critically evaluate the applicability of the general purpose DREIDING force field and assess the degree of uncertainty in the prediction of the underlying material properties. The findings of the present investigation indicate that the DREIDING force field could offer a good compromise between simple force fields and the computationally expensive quantum calculation-based force fields, where few or no experimental data are available, but with reduced accuracy. Therefore, the general-purpose DREIDING force field can potentially be used to model a class of nanoporous geopolymeric materials that exhibit significant structural and chemical heterogeneities.

Developing Skill-Based Materials for Helping D3 Nursing Students Go International

There are a lot of opportunities for nurses to pursue their career or to continue their study abroad. However, many of them are afraid of taking this chance for many reasons, including the lack of English skills. This study aims to bridge the gap between the English language materials that does not suit the needs and demands of D3 Nursing to go international. The research method used is Research and Development adapting from Borg & Gall. The process of material development is based on the development phase of the Skill-Based Approach by Hutchinson & Water. The subjects of the study were 15 D3 nursing students from University of Muhammadiyah Banjarmasin. Mixed method was employed as the data analysis technique. The result of this study is six units materials accompanied with syllabus and lesson plans. The materials were good according to the experts’ validation and it significantly affected the students’ work-related language skills.

Teacher’s Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge in Developing Learning Materials

The provision of appropriate learning materials is essential in curriculum enactment as the prescribed competences and learning method are usually advised in textbooks supplied to support its implementation. However, government-supplied textbook cannot always ad­dress schools’ and students’ different needs. Teachers are, therefore, required to have the skills to develop their own learning materials to meet curriculum. In Indonesia, higher or­der thinking skills (HOTS) and technology are required to be integrated in the teaching and learning activities of all subjects including English. It is, then, important to survey teacher’s knowledge in materials development to help them acquire the required skills in developing materials in line with curriculum. This paper presents a survey study on junior secondary school teachers in Yogyakarta about their technological pedagogical content knowledge. A questionnaire was administered followed by an interview with selected teach­ers for further elaboration. The instrument was adapted from Schmidt et al (2009) and aimed to reveal teacher’s knowledge on teaching and technology and how they apply this knowledge into materials development processes. The finding suggests aspects of teacher’s knowledge that need further training and possible effective methods for their training as well as professional development design.Keywords: curriculum, materials development, teacher’s knowledge

An Investigation of Surface Tracking Characteristics and Factors Influencing Epoxy Resin Pouring Insulation for Dry-type Reactors

This study aimed to understand the deterioration mechanisms of epoxy resin pouring insulation for outdoor dry-type reactors under the effect of long-term surface tracking discharge. Epoxy resin insulation boards similar to the main insulation composition of the dry-type reactor were poured as the experimental material. A tracking experimental platform of insulation materials was built using an inclined plate method. The tracking discharge characteristics and surface erosion of the insulation materials were measured and analyzed. The characteristics of partial discharge, erosion, hydrophobicity and surface roughness were measured experimentally. Surface morphology, three-dimensional morphology and Fourier infrared images at different stages during erosion of the epoxy resin insulation material were analyzed. The effect of glass fiber content on the tracking resistance to erosion was characterized. The results show that the tracking process of epoxy resin insulation material experienced initiation, stability, development and outbreak periods. The flashover discharge corresponding to the development period was the main reason for the carbonization of the insulating material. During the tracking process, with a change in surface topography and formation of surface products, the surface roughness of the material generally increased along with the surface roughness which rose fastest during the discharge outbreak period. The changes in the surface morphology and three-dimensional morphology of the epoxy resin material constitute the basis for assessing the condition of the insulation surface and development of the erosion. The discharge capacity of epoxy resin generally shows an exponential increase. Adding 20 wt% of glass fibers that are evenly distributed and have reduced exposure can improve the tracking resistance of epoxy resin insulation materials.

Development process of instructional mobile application for special needs children

The purpose of this research is to use the design-based research method developed for students and teachers in teaching concept skills to developmentally disabled students and to examine the process of developing software based on the infrastructure of operant conditioning theory. In the study, semi-structured interview forms and observation forms were used as data collection tools in order to reveal the opinions of teachers during the material development process as well as the employability after they had used the software. In summary, the important results which were found after the application was developed can be summarised as: (a) software to be developed for individuals with special educative needs must be plain and understandable' (b) objects to be used must consist of the visuals of real objects; (c) objects that the students are familiar with and have in their environments must be used.

Hemp-clay building materials - An investigation on acoustic, thermal and mechanical properties

Abstract Sustainable building materials are required in the construction industry due to the fact that in the last years the development was based on obtaining the maximum profit without thinking to the consequences on the environment and human life. Through the development and in-depth process of bio-based materials, the construction sector will contribute to enhancing the reduction of the pollution and the energy consumption, but also to increase the comfort conditions of the areas where people live. The objective of this study is to investigate the potential of the hemp-clay materials in the construction sector. Hemp –clay building materials are considered bio-based materials due to the fact that the hemp and the clay are natural raw materials with a low impact on the environment. The experimental study provides, in the first part, information about the composition of the hemp-clay materials and in the second part, information about the results obtained on the acoustic, thermal and mechanical coefficients of the specimens. Therefore, the research was based on the investigation of three different low-carbon composites with different ratios between the hemp and the binder. Further research will be made to develop this type of bio-based building materials, which can contribute to a positive impact on the environment.

Upper Primary School Basic Science Curriculum Materials Development Process in Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia

The purpose of this study was to explore upper primary school basic science curriculum materials development process in Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. For the purpose of this study, qualitative research method, more specifically, case study design was used. Non-probability purposive sampling techniques was used to select participants from various groups. To this effect, sample of five basic science curriculum experts were selected and used as a sample of the study. Interview guides and document analysis were employed to gather information. Qualitative data analysis method was used to analyze the data. Qualitative data were analyzed through narrative description and direct quotations of the opinions of the participants. The result of data analyses revealed that curriculum experts from the Oromia Region Education Bureau, representatives from the Ministry of Education, representatives from colleges and universities were involved in the process of curriculum development. However, concerned bodies from primary school teachers, students, parents, who are the main actors of curriculum implementers were not involved in the process of curriculum development in Oromia Regional State. The study also revealed that no clearly defined model was used for the development and the selection of the components of the basic science curriculum in the upper primary in Oromia Regional State. Based on the findings, it is recommended that policy makers and curriculum developers in the region reconsider and revisit the developed upper primary school basic science curriculum materials currently implemented in Oromia regional state. Keywords: Curriculum, Curriculum materials, Curriculum development, Basic science and Upper primary school. DOI : 10.7176/JEP/10-1-08

Evaluation of Material Development and Presentation Process within the Scope of Instructional Technologies and Material Design Course

This study aimed to evaluate the development and presentation process of materials prepared by sophomores studying in the Department of Elementary Education in the Faculty of Education at Cumhuriyet University in the spring semester of 2017-2018 academic year within the scope of Instructional Technologies and Material Design course in accordance with the views of 52 sophomore preservice primary teachers (33 females, 19 males) taking this course in this term. An interview form including five semi structured questions and prepared by the researcher was used as a tool for the collection of data. The data were analyzed using Maxqda11, qualitative data analysis software, and descriptive analysis technique. After generating main categories and themes, codes obtained from the views were arranged according to the themes. The findings disclosed that sophomore preservice primary teachers had positive opinions about the development and presentation process of materials. However, regarding preparing a material and preparing a presentation themes, the participants also mentioned some difficulties they experienced during this process. At the end of the term, exhibition of the prepared materials by students was suggested for other teachers and students to visit and see them. Another suggestion includes sharing the materials prepared by the students within the scope of the ITMD course with nearby schools or village schools so that they make use of them in their teaching- learning process.

Hundred years development and future prospect of the material science for hernia

Inguinal hernia is a defect disease in the abdominal wall. Surgeons have tried various ways to repair the defect for more than 100 years. The traditional herniorrhaphy destroys the normal anatomical structure, and the recurrence rate is quite high. After that, surgeons began to repair the defects with prostheses, from the initial use of rough metal materials such as silver, tantalum, stainless steel, to nylon, fiberglass, silicone rubber and other non-metallic materials, and also from artificial synthetic polymer non-absorbable materials such as polypropylene, polyester, ePTFE, to synthetic absorbable materials such as polyglycolic acid and the acellular extracellular matrix derived from biological meshes. However, these prostheses still can not meet the diverse needs of patients. Thus, multifunctional composite prostheses consisting of two or more materials were born, and various types of composite prostheses, stem cell coating meshes, 3D meshes, microstructure meshes were developed. The repair method evolved from traditional hernia repair to tension-free hernia repair and laparoscopic hernia repair. Surgeons are dedicated to finding idealized meshes for the perfect repair of defects, while considering postoperative complications, patient's quality of life, long-term efficacy and other issues. In the face of a wide variety of repair materials, the choice of surgeons is blind, and there is no standard to determine which prostheses are suitable for patients. Therefore, we have combed the development of different types of prostheses, summarized the development process of hernia repair materials for the past 100 years, and put forward the prospects for future development of prostheses, in order to provide reference for the selection of prostheses.

The Effect of Instructional Material Design Process to Mathematics Teacher Candidates' TPACK.

It is inevitable to receive technology support for teacher training activities in this new era in which technology is at large in our lives. Sufficiency in terms of TPACK (Technology, Pedagogy and Content Knowledge) is among the basic conditions for being qualified teachers. For this reason, activities for teacher candidates' TPACK development should be involved in teacher training activities. TPACK expresses a combined knowledge, so complex activities should be consulted to increase this accumulation of knowledge. In this direction, the process of designing instructional materials allows learning by design and can address all of this integrated knowledge. In this study, in math education department of a state university in Turkey, a research was conducted with 19 teacher candidates studying in the third grade. Teacher candidates have been assigned tasks for designing materials they can use in their lessons. Before starting the tasks, all the teacher candidates filled out the TPACK scale (Schmidt et al., 2009) and pre-test data were generated. Among the task steps that were carried out, the prospective teachers shared the developmental stages of the material with their friends and enriched the materials in the direction of their comments. To gain more time, presentations and interpretations are conducted through a closed Facebook group. At the end of material development process which was carried out by sticking to learning by design principles, the TPACK scale was re-applied to all the teachers and the post test data of the study was obtained. Statistical analysis using the Wilcoxon signed rank test showed that there was a significant difference between the two tests and that all the teacher candidates increased their total scores. As a result of the study, it was found that the process of material development carried out by learning by design framework leads to a positive change in TPACK of teacher candidates. Article visualizations:

Investigating the performance of “Smart Probe” based indirect EMI technique for strength development monitoring of cementitious materials – Modelling and parametric study

Electromechanical impedance (EMI) technique has been proven effective in strength development monitoring of early age cementitious materials with the aid of statistical tools. The critical limitation of this technique lies in that no parametric evaluation of the cementitious material can be provided. This is partially due to the inconsistency of the baseline of the measured impedance signatures. The recently developed Smart Probe based indirect EMI technique overcomes the abovementioned drawbacks of this technique, enabling parametric estimation of the cementitious material being monitored. The influence of various physical parameters of the Smart Probe on its performance in curing monitoring of cementitious material has not been investigated. In this study, the analytical model of the Smart Probe previously proposed by the authors is improved. In the improved model, the distributed stiffness and mass of the embedded segment of the Smart Probe are explicitly formulated in the governing equations of motion, allowing more realistic predictions of the actual dynamic features of the Smart Probe-cementitious material system. A 3-D coupled field finite element (FE) model is also established to predict the admittance spectrum of the Smart Probe embedded in cementitious material. It is found that multiple resonance peaks in the conductance spectrum computed by FE simulation are in good agreement with the experimental data in terms of resonance frequency. The resonance peaks predicted by both the FE and the analytical models exhibit the same trend of movement as the experiment throughout the curing process, which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed models in monitoring the strength development process of cementitious materials. Parametric study conducted on the Smart Probe shows that the effect of the Poisson’s ratio of the cementitious material on the resonance frequency is limited when compared with that of the dynamic modulus. It is also found that the dimensions and position of the PZT patch influence the magnitude and the sharpness of the resonance peaks in the admittance spectrum. The improved analytical model can be a useful tool for optimizing the design of Smart Probes for monitoring purpose.

Direct Dehydrogenative Arylation of Benzaldehydes with Arenes Using Transient Directing Groups.

The utilization of the transient directing strategy into the direct oxidative dehydrogenative arylation of aldehydes with arenes was reported for the first time. Featured by mild reaction conditions, good functional group compatibility, and great regioselectivity, the method should find broad applications in new medicine and material development and discovery processes.

7th National Conference on Processing and Characterization of Materials (NCPCM 2017)

PREFACEThe 7th National Conference on Processing and Characterization of Materials (NCPCM 2017) was organized by the Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, India during 08-09 December 2017.The advanced processing of materials and their subsequent characterization are now-a-days gaining attention owing to the advancement of technology and need of high-quality materials for critical applications. The purpose of the conference was to bring recent developments in materials processing and characterization in the Indian context. About 120 participants and delegates from various organizations in India attended the conference. There were eight technical sessions of about 83 contributory talks along with seven keynote lectures. The conference became a platform for the interaction and exchange of ideas among the scientists, practicing engineers and young researchers from various academic institutions, research laboratories and industries from all over India engaged in frontiers of processing and characterization of conventional as well as advanced materials. This volume contains the selected full-length technical papers presented at the conference NCPCM 2017.

Pre-School Science Education: The Development and Evaluation of Science Teaching Materials

It has been aimed with this study that the pre-school teaching candidates develop the science teaching materials as to use in teaching the science subjects, that the factors that the teaching candidates pay attention to develop the teaching material and the contribution of teaching material development process to them are determined. The study was conducted with the participation of 54 third-year undergraduate students majoring in Preschool Teaching. Teaching materials prepared by prospective teachers were examined using descriptive analysis. It was found that prospective teachers took care to build colorful and fun materials designed to attract children’s attention, using easy to source materials. The use of teaching materials in science education is important for drawing and retaining students’ attention, for making science fun, and for achieving long-term and meaningful learning.

Developing Online Materials for Tour Guides

This English for Specific/Occupational Purpose (ESP/EOP) program was meant to answer the needs of the Indonesian migrant labourers to improve their English for future employment as tour guides. The objectives of this research were to identify the contents that should be in the materials, to investigate the students’ response about the later developed materials, and to study the lacks in the program. The material development process underwent the 7 stages of material development proposed by Nation and Macalister (2010), consisted of analysing the environment and the needs, following principles, setting goals and objectives, choosing contents and sequence, finding the format and presentation, monitoring and assessing, and evaluating the course. However, since it is online learning, the stages had to be combined with the stages specifically for online materials proposed by Hartoyo (2012). Thus, the content and sequence choosing stage consisted of the selection of the types of program, materials, software and tasks. The materials consisted of 2 parts which were the tutorials and the lessons. Using the Task-Based Language Teaching approach (Nunan, 2004), the materials were developed and implemented combined with real time online classes. The students’ responses after the implementation were generally positive, although some improvements were still needed.
 
 Keywords: English for specific purpose (ESP), English for occupational purpose (EOP), material development, online learning, English for tour guides, Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT)

Development and evaluation of brochures for fall prevention education created to empower nursing home residents and family members.

In this study, we describe the development of evidence- and theory-based fall prevention educational material and its evaluation from the users' perspectives. To reduce risk factors for falling in nursing homes, nursing staff must enact multifactorial fall prevention intervention programmes. A core component of these programmes is to educate residents and their family members, both verbally and in a written form. However, users can only benefit from educational material if it is based on current scientific evidence, easy to understand and process and customised. We followed a structured procedure during the development process, while considering various aspect of quality. To assess the understandability and usefulness of the resulting educational materials, we conducted a qualitative content analysis study. The educational materials development process incorporated several iterative steps including a systematic literature search and the application of frameworks for designing and writing the materials. To evaluate the material, we performed six focus group discussions separately with residents, family members and nursing staff from two nursing homes (total of 32 participants). Residents' brochures included clear information on avoiding external risks as well as coping strategies after a fall event. Family members' brochures were more comprehensive, including both concrete tips and outlining the advantages and disadvantages of interventions. Residents and family members had no difficulties understanding the material and tried to apply the content to their individual situations. Nursing staff commented on some ambiguities and incongruities relating to current nursing care practice. By involving users in the development of evidence-based educational materials, nursing staff can achieve a high acceptance rate for the materials and motivate users to address the topic. The involvement of users is essential for developing educational material that meets users' needs. Educational material should be used as part of an overall strategy to educate residents and family members in nursing homes.

Research progress of wheat straw and rice straw cement-based building materials in China

This paper comprehensively describes the development process, existing problems and future solutions of wheat straw and rice straw cement-based building materials in China. Straw cement-based building materials are environmentally friendly and have excellent thermal insulation, impact resistance, as well as social and economic benefits. In this paper, straw cement-based building materials are divided into mechanical and composite-type building materials; previously, composite-type materials have mainly been studied. As the percentage of straw increases, the compressive strength of these materials decreases; therefore, composite-type building materials with a straw content of no greater than 5% can be used for non-load-bearing structures. These materials have problems such as difficulty in stirring and slow hardening during preparation. Modification treatments can improve the compressive strength and flexural strength, but these processes often result in energy consumption and environmental pollution. For the two types of straw building materials, additional research is needed to determine the relationship between the mechanical properties and the microstructure and failure mechanism. A new concept of a mechanical bionic straw material is proposed that can overcome the above problems, suggesting the possible development of a new type of bionic light straw building material.

Developing Learning Materials in Addition and Subtraction of Fractions with Realistic Mathematics Approach for Students Grade 4

This study aims to describe the development process of learning materials that consists of lesson plan, student activity sheet, and fraction card. The study focuses on teaching addition and subtraction of fractions through realistic mathematics education. The development process used the Four-D model which consists of four steps: define, design, develop, and disseminate. In the first step (define), the teacher established the terms of learning by determining fundamental problem, analyzing students, and specifying instructional objectives. In the second step (design), the prototype of learning materials was constructed as a test standard, choosing the proper media and selecting the format. On the third step (develop), the learning materials were validated by the experts and then revised. Once the learning materials were ready they were tested in classroom. The teacher then collected data to measure the quality of the learning materials. The last step, dissemination, was the implementation of learning materials on a broad scale. From this step, the teacher collected data to measure the effectiveness of the learning. This study generated good learningmaterials and supported students Grade 4 to learn about addition and subtraction of fractions. While the results are providing some promising directions, a much larger study would be needed to determine if the results are due to the approach or due to the teachers’ enthusiasm or what is known as the Hawthorne Effect.

Pre-Service Teachers' Material Development Process Based on the ADDIE Model: E-book Design

With the developments in information and communication technologies, books which are fundamental information sources for students throughout their education and training process are being transformed into electronic book (e-book) formats. E-books provide interactive environments, and they are also updateable materials, which shows that, in time, they can almost completely replace printed materials. In addition, there are no spatial and temporal limitations in conveying the lesson content to students using e-books, and they are accessible online as well, both of which increase the preference toward e-books. In this context, the study aimed to examine the e-book design process based on the ADDIE model used by the pre-service teachers in the Computer and Instructional Technologies department. E-books were include subjects radioactivity, acid rain and the greenhouse effect. The study was conducted throughout a period of 12 weeks with 54 sophomores in the Computer and Instructional Technologies department of Giresun University's Education Faculty who were taking the Material Design and Use in Education course during the 2015 Fall semester. The study data were collected using data collection forms and reflection reports. The data derived from these tools were analyzed using content analysis. The study results revealed that the pre-service teachers had problems particularly in the development process of the e-books. In addition, the pre-service teachers recognized their deficiencies when designing their e-books, and they eliminated these deficiencies to a great extent.