Dissolution Process Research Articles

Reconstruction of the Temperature Conditions of Burial-Related Pressure Solution by Clumped Isotopes Validates the Analysis of Sedimentary Stylolites Roughness as a Reliable Depth Gauge

Rough surfaces known as stylolites are common geological features that are developed by pressure solution, especially in carbonate rocks, where they are used as strain markers and as stress gauges. As applications are developing in various geological settings, questions arise regarding the uncertainties associated with quantitative estimates of paleostress using stylolite roughness. This contribution reports for the first time a measurement of the temperature at which pressure solution was active by applying clumped isotopes thermometry to calcite cement found in jogs linking the tips of the stylolites. This authigenic calcite formed as a redistribution of the surrounding dissolved material by the same dissolution processes that formed the extensive stylolite network. We compare the depth derived from these temperatures to the depth calculated from the vertical stress inversion of a bedding parallel stylolite population documented on a slab of the Calcare Massiccio formation (early Jurassic) formerly collected in the Umbria-Marches Arcuate Ridge (Northern Apennines, Italy). We further validate the coevality between the jog development and the pressure solution by simulating the stress field around the stylolite tip. Calcite clumped isotopes constrain crystallization to temperatures between 35 and 40 °C from a common fluid with a δ18O signature around −1.3‰ SMOW. Additional δ18O isotopes on numerous jogs allows the range of precipitation temperature to be extended to from 25 to 53 °C, corresponding to a depth range of 650 to 1900 m. This may be directly compared to the results of stylolite roughness inversion for stress, which predict a range of vertical stress from 14 to 46 MPa, corresponding to depths from 400 to 2000 m. The overall correlation between these two independent depth estimates suggests that sedimentary stylolites can reliably be used as a depth gauge, independently of the thermal gradient. Beyond the method validation, our study also reveals some mechanisms of pressure solution and the associated p,T conditions favouring their development in carbonates.

Smart Zinc-Based Coatings with Chitosan–Alginate Nanocontainers Loaded with ZnO and Caffeine for Corrosion Protection of Mild Steel

The development of environmentally friendly materials is a subject of increasing interest in corrosion protection research. The objective of the present investigation is to propose the preparation procedure of chitosan–alginate (CHI/ALG) nanocontainers loaded with zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles or combining ZnO nanoparticles with corrosion inhibitor caffeine (CAF), both suitable for incorporation into the matrix of ordinary zinc coatings on mild steel substrates. The nanocontainers were synthesized through spontaneous polysaccharide complexation in the presence of ZnO nanoparticles and CAF using a cross-linking agent, namely tripolyphosphate (TPP). Dynamic light scattering and laser Doppler velocimetry measurements are used for evaluation of the size distribution and zeta potentials of the nanocontainers, both loaded or unloaded with CAF. Using UV-spectroscopy, entrapment efficiency and release amounts of CAF are quantitatively evaluated. The nanocontainers thus obtained were incorporated into the matrices of ordinary zinc coatings via co-electrodeposition with zinc from zinc sulfate solution, aiming to improve the corrosion protection of steel in corrosive environments containing chloride ions. The surface morphology and elemental composition of the electrodeposited hybrid coatings before and after treating in the model corrosive medium of 3.5% NaCl is studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The cyclic voltammetry method (CVA) is applied to characterize the cathodic (electrodeposition) and anodic (dissolution) processes. The protective characteristics of the hybrid coatings are investigated by application of potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) curves and polarization resistance (Rp) measurements after a time interval of 40 days. The obtained results indicate that both hybrid coating types could prolong the life time of mild steel in aggressive Cl− ion-containing solution, combining the protection effect of sacrificial zinc with barrier (ZnO) and active (CAF) protective effects.

Industrial Investigations of S355 Steel-Grade Homogenization in a 100-Tonne Ladle Furnace.

The paper presents the results of industrial research and numerical simulations of the chemical homogenization of liquid steel. The research object was a ladle furnace with a working capacity of the ladle of 100 t at the steel plant of Huta Częstochowa, currently Liberty Częstochowa Sp. z o.o. Industrial research was carried out under standard production conditions of the steelworks. The research included automatic steel sampling, measurement of the bath temperature, controlled measurement of argon flow at a given intensity, and the determination of the concentration of elements in steel samples using a spectrometric analyser. The element introduced in the form of a ferroalloy (FeMn and FeSiMn) played the role of a marker in the study of changes in the chemical composition during the process of dissolution and mixing of the alloying additive. Monitoring changes in the chemical composition of steel after the introduction of the marker was carried out by taking metal samples. The initial and boundary parameters of the modelled processes necessary to perform numerical simulations were determined successively through industrial measurements or determined on the basis of empirical relationships. A two-equation k-ε turbulence model was used to assess the flow inside the tested ladle furnace, and a discrete phase model was used to model gas bubbles. The mixing characteristics of the steel bath after introducing the alloying additive to it were determined. The comparison of the results of numerical simulations with experimental data was based on the analysis of the chemical homogenization process.

How People React to the Termination of an Intimate Relationship: An Exploratory Mixed-Methods Study.

Intimate relationships frequently come to an end, and in the current research, we have endeavored to examine how individuals would potentially react in the scenario where their intimate partner decides to terminate a relationship they wish to continue. More specifically, employing open-ended questionnaires on a sample of 219 Greek-speaking participants, we identified 79 possible reactions. Subsequently, using close-ended questionnaires on a sample of 442 Greek-speaking participants, we categorized these reactions into 13 broad factors. Participants indicated that they were more likely to feel sadness, inquire of their departing partners why they wish to end the relationship, and attempt to divert their thoughts elsewhere to avoid dwelling on the end of the relationship. Men indicated a higher likelihood than women to seek revenge sex, although significant sex differences were not observed in other reactions. Furthermore, we classified these 13 factors into three broader domains. The highest-rated domain was "Accept and forget," followed by "Sadness and depression," and "Physical and psychological aggression." These findings could enable us to gain a better understanding of the process of relationship dissolution, and could potentially be employed to identify and prevent reactions that may have harmful repercussions for the individuals involved in the relationship.

Composition of the isopropanol-soluble portion and fast pyrolysis product distribution of the insoluble part from Pakistani lignite.

Pakistani lignite (PLC) was thermally dissolved at 300 °C using isopropanol (IPA) to obtain a soluble portion (SP) and insoluble portion (ISP). Proximate analysis, ultimate analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TG-DTG) and pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) results were compared to explore the influence of the thermal dissolution process on the pyrolysis for PLC and ISP. Results showed that the thermal dissolution process mainly dissolved some light components of low-rank coal, and more phenols, aldehydes, esters and ethers were found in the SP, indicating that low-carbon alcohols can break the ether bridge bond in coal and generate oxygen-containing organic compounds (OCOCs). Compared with PLC, ISP had better thermal stability, low activation energy and pre-exponential factor. Furthermore, thermal dissolution dissolves small molecular compounds in coal channels, enlarges the pore structure and mass transfer rate, and enables the compounds produced in the pyrolysis process to diffuse to the surface of coal faster. On the other hand, IPA could be used as a hydrogen supply solvent to weaken the oxygen bridge bond in the macromolecular structure of coal, so that it is easier to break during pyrolysis. Thus, it was demonstrated that the low molecular weight compounds have a significant effect on the low temperature pyrolysis characteristics of PLC, and these two processes could potentially improve the added value of coal.

Aluminum dissolution processing for high-level waste sludges

ABSTRACT Treatment of tank waste at the Hanford Nuclear Reservation in Washington State is one of the largest environmental challenges facing the world today. Processing the actinide rich insoluble solids poses one of the greatest obstacles to achieving long-term stabilization of the tank waste. By volume, the largest insoluble component of sludge is aluminum much of which is in the Southeast quadrant and resulted from de-cladding waste from the PUREX process. The largest single component within these tanks is Gibbsite, Al(OH)3, which poses significant challenges for processing due to the fast-settling times and high solids loading associated with this material. This work describes the testing executed to enable effective and efficient processing of high aluminum waste streams. This work highlights changes in the physical properties of waste streams with high aluminum concentrations, resulting in slower settling rates and lower solids loadings. These changes were accomplished using low temperature (40 °C) aluminum dissolution for simulated tank sludge.

Experimental Investigations on the Dissolution Process of Dolomite by Sulfate-Rich Geothermal Water: A Case Study of the Shuijing Hot Springs in Guizhou Province

The dissolution of dolomite can not only provide the chemical components in hot springs but also provide a high-quality reservoir for geothermal resources. However, there is still debate about the main controlling factors and mechanisms of the dissolution process of dolomite. The Shuijing hot springs in Guizhou Province are rich in SO42− and the geothermal reservoir is dolomite, which provides an excellent opportunity to understand the role of SO42− in the dissolution process of dolomite. In this paper, water–rock interaction experiments were conducted at different temperatures to study the effects of SO42−, pH, and CO2 on the dissolution of dolomite from the Shuijing hot springs geothermal reservoir. The results indicate that temperature is a significant factor affecting the chemical composition of hot springs water, with higher temperatures having a more pronounced effect on the dissolution of dolomite. At lower temperatures of 25 °C and 90 °C, the molar ratio of the released Ca2+ and Mg2+ during the dissolution of dolomite in the initial reaction stage generally approaches the Ca/Mg molar ratio of dolomite, exhibiting congruent dissolution. However, at elevated temperatures of 150 °C, the released Ca/Mg molar ratio surpasses the Ca/Mg molar ratio of dolomite, demonstrating an incongruent dissolution characteristic with Ca2+ being preferentially released over Mg2+. Additionally, the relative importance of CO2, SO42− and pH on the dissolution degree of dolomite is CO2 > SO42− > pH = 4 > pH = 7 > pH = 10. The promotion effect of SO42− on dolomite dissolution indicates that the greater the SO42− concentration, the stronger the dissolution of dolomite, and its dissolution ability is enhanced with the increase in temperature. Furthermore, the effect of CO2 on the dissolution of dolomite is stronger than that of SO42−, leading to the oscillating fluctuation trend of the released Ca2+ and Mg2+.

Novel Eel Skin Fibroblast Cell Line: Bridging Adherent and Suspension Growth for Aquatic Applications Including Virus Susceptibility.

Suspension growth can greatly increase the cell density and yield of cell metabolites. To meet the requirements of aquatic industries, a culture model derived from Anguilla anguilla skin was developed using the explant outgrowth and enzyme-digesting passaging methods. These cells were kept in vitro continuously for over 12 months and subcultured 68 times. This heteroploid cell line, designated as ES, can naturally adapt to adherent and suspension growth reversibly under certain temperatures, serum percentages, and inoculum densities, without the need for any microcarriers or special medium additives. The ES cells can continue being highly productive under a temperature range of 15-37 °C and a serum percentage ranging from 3 to 15%. An inoculum density higher than 5 × 105 cells·mL-1 is necessary for the ES cells to turn into suspension efficiently. The green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter gene was successfully expressed in the ES cells. The ES cells demonstrated susceptibility to Anguillid herpesvirus (AngHV) and red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV). ES is the first natural suspension growth model of aquatic origin; it does not require the processes of suspension domestication and carrier dissolution, making it a promising and cost-effective model for vaccine production, bio-pharmaceutical manufacturing, and cellular agriculture.

Biogenic hydroxyapatite-based composites modified by magnetite and chitosan: long-term bioresorption and adsorption activity

The work is devoted to the investigation of the long-term resorption of BHA/magnetite/chitosan composites with a magnetite content of 1, 5, 25, and 50 wt.% in physiological solution for different periods of time (2, 10, 16, and 31 days) and their adsorption activity toward methylene blue. It was shown that the content of magnetite significantly affects the rate of resorption of materials, in particular at the initial stages; the highest rate of resorption is observed during the first 2 days. In the next 8-10 days, a sharp decrease in the rate of resorption of all composites is observed, followed by stabilization on the 15th day of the in vitro experiment. At the same time, the most significant weight loss of test samples occurs when added more than 5 wt. % of magnetite. The dynamics of the dissolution process is also confirmed by the presence of Ca, P and Fe in physiological solution, a change in the pH of the saline, a decrease in the size and smoothing of composite particles, and an increase in the specific surface area. The adsorption activity for methylene blue increases with increasing amounts of chitosan and magnetite in the composites up to 168 mg/g for 25% magnetite (2.5% chitosan) compared to 108 mg/g for pure BHA. The obtained results confirmed the controlled resorption and high adsorption properties of BHA/magnetite/chitosan composites, which provides prospects for their medical application.

Process of magnetite dissolution in orthophosphoric and sulfuric acid solutions according to kinetic and electrochemical methods

The kinetics of dissolution and the electrochemical features of the behavior of magnetite (at cathodic polarization) in solutions of sulfuric and orthophosphoric acids have been studied. Two independent experimental methods established that the rate and current of dissolution in H3PO4 are higher than in H2SO4. This pattern is explained on the basis of the stronger complexing properties of various kinds of phosphate anions in comparison with sulfate anions in solution with iron(III) ions. In the range of studied concentrations of orthophosphoric and sulfuric acids, Fe(II) and Fe(III) ions, the orders of magnitude for orthophosphoric and sulfuric acids are 1.3 ± 0.1; for iron(II) ions – 0.25 ± 0.1, for iron(III) ions – -0.25 ± 0.1

Enhanced phosphorus release from pig manure by co-fermentation with food waste.

Animal manure is considered to have great potential for phosphorus (P) recovery due to its high P content, while P recovery is limited by the transfer of P from the solid phase to the liquid phase. The conventional dissolution process by adding chemical acid reagents is not economically feasible for animal manure. This study used food waste (FW) as a co-substrate for the anaerobic fermentation of pig manure (PM) to achieve the release of P. The operational parameters were optimized, and the mechanisms of acidification and P release were further studied. The results showed FW promoted lactic acid production and rapid acidification. As FW increased from 0 to 80%, the concentrations of lactic acid rose from 0.12 ± 0.04 to 11.95 ± 1.37g/L, with pH decreasing from 7.55 to 4.43. The ratio with FW/PM = 1:2 was the optimal condition, which led to the highest soluble phosphate concentration (350.39 ± 8.59mg/L) in 72h, with a TP release rate of 74.24 ± 1.81%. Multiple regression analyses established key relationships to predict pH changes in the reactor.

The Impact of Acid Strength and Mineral Composition on Spontaneous Imbibition with Reactive Fluids

Capillary rise experiments are conducted in a set of calcareous and siliceous rocks with varying mineralogy and petrophysical properties to understand the coupled impact of reactivity and spontaneous imbibition. A capillary rise experiment is performed in each sample: first with deionized water, then with a dilute acidic solution, and finally again with deionized water, and the capillary rise profile for each is recorded. Pre- and post-acid petrophysical properties such as porosity, permeability, pore size distribution, and contact angle are measured for each sample. The mineral makeup of the rocks significantly influences how the acidic fluids penetrate the samples. The primary reactions are the dissolution of Ca- and Mg-rich minerals which alter the pore network. The higher acid strength results in higher capillary rise in calcareous rocks and results in an increase in the average pore size. The same pH acid results in lower capillary rise in the siliceous rocks, and a general decrease in the average pore size is observed. Changes in contact angle indicate increased water affinity in carbonate and reduced affinity in sandstone. The link between capillary interactions and fluid reactivity is often overlooked in fluid flow studies, and this research sheds light on the importance of reactivity during spontaneous imbibition, offering insights into dissolution and precipitation processes during capillary flow.

Origin, Distribution, and Influential Factors of Organic Acids in Deep and Ultradeep Clastic Reservoirs within the Fukang Sag of the Junggar Basin.

In deep and ultradeep clastic reservoirs, secondary porosity functions as the primary space for hydrocarbon storage, intricately associated with the dissolution processes of water-soluble organic acids (WSOAs). However, conventional theories concerning secondary porosity predominantly emphasize medium-depth or shallow reservoirs, lacking a thorough investigation into how WSOA-driven mechanisms affect deeper strata formations. To bridge this gap, our research involved selecting 36 samples from Mesozoic Permian clastic rock formations situated in western China's Fukang Sag within the Junggar Basin region. We performed comprehensive analyses utilizing the Soxhlet extraction method combined with qualitative and quantitative assessments via 940 ion chromatography (Metrohm AG). These findings were integrated with oilfield production data to investigate the sources, composition, distribution characteristics, and influencing factors associated with organic acids in deep and ultradeep clastic reservoirs. Our investigation revealed that WSOAs persist even within ultradeep reservoirs; increased buried depths initially lead to a rise in WSOA concentrations followed by a subsequent decline. Similarly, effective porosities closely mirrored these trends alongside variations observed across WSOA concentrations while permeability remained consistently low yet stable throughout these transitions. This indicated significant involvement of WSOAs during dissolution processes contributing to the creation and maintenance of secondary pore spaces. Furthermore, notable positive correlations have emerged establishing a direct relationship between WSOA generation concentrations and corresponding shifts in formation pressures and temperatures. In deep and ultradeep reservoirs, the concentration of organic acids exhibits an initial increase followed by a subsequent decrease in response to escalating formation temperature and pressure. These findings underscore the critical roles played by key influential factors associated with WSOAs in these geological settings.

Illite Dissolution under Sodium Hydroxide Solution: Insights from Reactive Molecular Dynamics.

In alkali/surfactant/polymer (ASP) flooding systems, alkalis react with clay minerals such as Illite, montmorillonite, and kaolinite, leading to reservoir damage and impacting oil recovery rates. Therefore, studying the dissolution effects of strong alkalis on clay minerals is crucial for improving oil recovery. This study uses Illite as a representative clay mineral and employs the ReaxFF reactive force field and molecular dynamics simulations to model its dissolution in NaOH solution. We investigated the diffusion coefficients of metal cations in Illite and their interactions with hydroxide ions at various NaOH concentrations. The study also explores the evolution of dissolution products and protonation characteristics during the dissolution of Illite. By calculating the changes in ionic energy throughout the dissolution process, we analyzed variations in ionic reactivity within the system. Simulation results show that as the NaOH concentration increases, metal cations in Illite form stable chemical bonds with hydroxide ions, creating highly aggregated clusters with strong ionic interactions that hinder migration. Consequently, the diffusion coefficients of metal cations gradually decrease. During the reaction, water dissociates to produce hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions. Ion exchange occurs between the solution cations and Illite cations. Illite cations gradually precipitate and form metal hydroxides by combining with hydroxide ions under electrostatic forces. Protonation propagates from the surface to the internal structure during the reaction. Moreover, the degree of protonation increases with higher NaOH concentrations. Changes in the average ionic energy before and after the reaction indicate that K+ exhibits the highest reactivity. Intermediate silicate products are unstable in NaOH solution, with some Si4+ ions showing higher energy and stronger reactivity.

Effect of Carbon Morphology and Slurry Formulation in Sulfur Cathode for Li-S Batteries

The performance of Lithium-Sulfur (Li-S) batteries is significantly influenced by material selection and manufacturing processes, with conductive carbon and slurry formulation playing crucial roles. In this study, the impact of carbon morphology and solvent/solid ratio in slurry preparation on microstructure and electrochemical performance of sulfur cathodes was investigated. Various carbon structures, such as nanotubes, sheets, and particles, were explored, and the solvent volume was adjusted to assess their effects on electrode architecture and electrochemical performance. Our findings demonstrate that the binder dissolution process and consequent electrode architecture and performance are highly influenced by both the carbon structure and slurry solvent volume. Furthermore, it was observed that, contrary to common assumption, advanced carbon structures are not necessary for enhanced capacity and durability of Li-S cathodes. Accordingly, the best cycling durability was achieved by optimizing the slurry with 300 μL/mgPVDF of NMP solvent and using Ketjen black as the conductive carbon, resulting in an initial capacity of 1029 mAh gS −1, with a retention of 830 mAh gS −1 after 500 cycles. These results, obtained at a high areal loading of 4.5 mgS cm−2, demonstrate the commercial potential of the proposed electrode formulation and processing method without reliance on advanced materials or techniques.

Research on the preparation of antimicrobial material based on thermoplastic polyurethane and drug release control.

It's crucial of antimicrobial properties in materials is growing as people desire to live healthier. The purpose of this work was to use thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) as a matrix to produce an antimicrobial material with a tunable drug release rate. Filaments with a diameter of 1.75 ± 0.08mm were prepared by hot-melt processing technology utilizing TPU, the modifier polyethylene oxide (PEO) and ciprofloxacin hydrochloride monohydrate (CPFX) as raw materials. The corresponding models were then printed using fused deposition type (FDM) 3D printing for performance testing. Results demonstrate the uniform fiber morphology and strong mechanical properties of the four samples, each of which was composed of a different ratio of components. The addition of PEO caused a change to the drug release mechanism, increased the material hydrophilicity, and generated extra pores during the dissolution process. This composite exhibited sustained antimicrobial activity even after 21days of rotary immersion, as shown by in vitro dissolution and zone inhibition tests.

Synergistic approach: Peridynamics and machine learning regression for efficient pitting corrosion simulation

Corrosion-induced material deterioration poses a pervasive threat to structural integrity, necessitating an in-depth understanding of its intricate behaviors. Pitting corrosion, a critical concern in this context, accelerates the degradation of materials. The limitations of conventional models arise from their neglect of the subsurface electrode boundary layer dynamics during the dissolution process. In this study, we present a novel approach that combines Peridynamics (PD) diffusion framework with machine learning (ML) techniques to develop an efficient predictive model and computational efficiency. The proposed hybrid PD-ML model leverages the non-local effects inherent to Peridynamics and the pattern recognition capabilities of machine learning. It establishes an analytical connection between the concentration value at a specific material point and the concentrations exhibited by related constituents within its spatial horizon, considering the external mass flux applied. The adaptability of the model is achieved through the utilization of weighted regression coefficients, determined via multivariate linear regression. Validation against experiments and conventional PD model demonstrates the model's precision and efficiency using diverse micro-diffusivity scenarios. For 1D uniform and 2D pitting corrosion cases, our hybrid model yields precise concentration predictions while showcasing a remarkable improvement in computational speed compared to conventional approaches. Specifically, the hybrid model achieves an impressive speedup, approximately 4 times faster per time step and 2.5 times faster overall simulation. The study presents a promising tool for predicting corrosion-induced material deterioration in practical systems, offering accuracy, efficiency, and potential for broader applications.

Study on the dissolving performance of the Mg-(5, 8, 10wt.%)Sn-1.5wt.%Al alloys

Abstract A metallographic microscope and a scanning microscope were used to observe the extruded and corroded microstructure of the Mg-(5, 8, 10wt.%)Sn-1.5wt.%Al alloys. An electrochemical workstation was used to test the electrochemical performance of these samples. It shows that the Mg-Sn-Al alloys have good plasticity and dissolving properties after extrusion. Among them, the Mg-8wt.%Sn-1.5 wt.%Al alloy has the best plasticity, which is 22.5%. At the same time, it has the best-dissolving properties, with a double-layer capacitance in a solution of 9.448*10−6 F·cm−2. The dissolution process in the 3% kcl solution is a uniform intergranular corrosion.

Hydrochemical Characteristics And Heavy Metal Concentrations In Groundwater Around Active Solid Wastes Dumpsites In Rumueme And Elijiji Communities In Rivers State, Nigeria

Levels of Physicochemical and Heavy Metal properties of groundwater and soil samples in parts of Obio/Akpor LGA, Rivers State, were assessed in this study. Heavy Metals were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer, The results for groundwater showed maximum mean levels of Lead (0.209±0.281 mg/L), Chromium (1.904±1.542 mg/L) and Nickel (0.185±0.119 mg/L).. Chromium and Lead levels were above standard limits (0.05 mg/L and 0.02 mg/L respectively) in most stations. Plot of the Piper diagram revealed that the groundwater had sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride and mixed water types across the sample stations, while the Durov diagram suggested that ion dissolution and mixing/uncommon dissolution processes governed the groundwater types. The study recommends that regular monitoring of activities around dump sites should be done routinely and strict environmental laws governing waste disposal be enacted and enforced

Numerical Simulation of Reactive Flow in Fractured Vuggy Carbonate Reservoirs Considering Hydro-Mechanical-Chemical Coupling Effects

Summary Fractured vuggy carbonate reservoirs are critically important, contributing significantly to hydrocarbon reserves and production. The presence of fractures and vugs distinctly influences fluid flow and transport within carbonate rocks, differentiating fractured vuggy carbonate reservoirs from most other geological formations. Apart from matrix carbonate rocks, isolated fractured vuggy carbonate reservoirs are still the targets for acid stimulation due to the limited contribution of isolated fractures and vugs to fluid flow capacities. This study is motivated to investigate the acid stimulation process in isolated fractured vuggy carbonate reservoirs. In this work, the classical two-scale continuum model has been extended to describe the transport and reactive dissolution processes within complex media comprising matrix, fractures, and vugs. The discrete fracture model and the Navier-Stokes equation are used to respectively characterize fluid transport in the fractures and vugs regions. Fluid interactions between different regions are governed by the extended Beavers-Joseph-Saffman (BJS) interface conditions. Dynamic boundary conditions are applied to describe the dissolution and deformation behaviors at the boundaries of vugs. In addition, Biot equations are utilized to specifically examine the mechanical responses within the poroelastic region during the acid stimulation process. A finite element model has been developed, incorporating an effective loosely coupled sequential iterative scheme for the numerical discretization and solution of the coupled hydrological-mechanical-chemical control equations. The simulation results show that the presence of fractures and vugs in carbonate formations does not perturb the equilibrium conditions necessary for wormhole formation, thereby preserving the dissolution patterns associated with a specific acid injection rate. Nevertheless, mechanical stress shows a significant influence on fracture closure behavior. The stress-induced alteration in the acid flow and dissolution structures necessitates an increased pore volume to breakthrough (PVBT) to attain comparable dissolution effects. The increment in acid breakthrough volume finally escalates both the operational costs and complexity.