Deregulation Process Research Articles

Features of Agrarian Sector Deregulation in the Context of Martial Law: Shocks in Food Security

The purpose of this article is to reveal the peculiarities of the agrarian sector deregulation mechanisms in the conditions of the legal regime of martial law and the reasons for the vulnerability of the food security of the country and the world. The process of the agrarian sector deregulation in the period of the legal regime of martial law is clarified with regard to: (a) land matters; (b) taxation; (c) crediting; (d) material and technical support; (e) social and labor relations; and (f) state order. The elements of scientific novelty consist in the introduction of a systematic approach to the generalization of the extraordinary approaches to the process of agrarian sector deregulation during the legal regime of martial law. It is proposed to review the previously adopted documents of a strategic nature regarding the sustainable development of the agrarian sector of Ukraine and to change the mechanisms of the global food crisis fight radically by specially authorized international organizations. The experience of agrarian sector deregulation in the conditions of the legal regime of martial law can be taken into account by the state institutions when reviewing previously adopted documents and during the development of strategic plans for the restoration of the work of commodity producers, guaranteeing the food security of the population and taking into account the internal threats and the long-term external aggression of Russia against Ukraine.

China's emerging commercial space industry: Current developments, legislative challenges, and regulatory solutions

With commercial participants now undertaking an ever-expanding role within the development and supply-chains of China's space industry post Document No. 60, the resulting legal challenges relating to this emerging industry status-quo has garnered much academic discussion. Specifically, while China's space industry has grown at a rapid pace within the past few decades, China's legislative framework has remained largely silent over matters relating to space. Instead, China continues to remain as the only major space-faring nation without a national space law and regime. This substantive legislative gap over China's space related activities has negatively impacted the industry's current deregulation process. While it has been the academic community's primary solution to address the industry's current substantive legislative gap through coordinated rulemaking activities, this paper aims to advance the current academic discussion by taking an alternative approach and arguing that the fundamental legislative challenge and solution to China's emerging commercial space industry, is not substantive, but rather procedural by nature. Importantly, by reconceptualizing the industry's substantive gap from one that is determined by the number of missing legal instruments, to one determined by the rate of legislative activity i.e., the pace of law-making activities vis-à-vis commercial expansion, this paper argues that only through the implementation of legal procedural rulemaking mechanisms will China's space law regime be able to sufficiently address the current substantive legislative gap at a pace matching commercial expansion.

Analysis of the agriculture sector of Ukraine during the war

Russia's war against Ukraine has significantly increased food security risks and caused disruptions in agricultural production, supply chains, and trade, leading to unprecedented levels of global food and fertilizer prices. The current situation in the world agricultural markets by the middle of 2022 has shown the importance of the Ukrainian agricultural sector for the global market of agricultural products in general and the economy of the European Union, in particular. The article examines the place of the Ukrainian agriculture sector in the world agricultural market. The structure of export and import of agricultural products was analyzed. The dynamics of agrarian exports of Ukraine have been studied and the main reasons for its negative change have been determined. It has been established that the main problems during the war for the Ukrainian agrarian sector were: the occupation of Ukrainian territories, breaking of logistic chains inside and outside the country, reduction of the volume of the domestic market, and decreasing purchasing power of the Ukrainian population, insufficient resources for agricultural production, problems with labor force and theft of Ukrainian agricultural machinery and products. The domestic agricultural sector needs support from both the state and foreign funds, organizations, and countries. The Ukrainian government created several programs to support agricultural producers during military operations. In the tax, the support took place at the expense of VAT reduction, payment of taxes for FLP of 1 and 2 groups at will, payment of ERU by the state for the mobilized workers, cancellation of excise tax on oil products, etc. State support of the agrarian sector in the financial sphere is realized by providing access to cheap credits and the opening of new grant programs. Deregulation processes also took place at the state level: cancellation of business inspections, the introduction of the declarative system of business operation, and simplification of customs procedures. The prospects of the agricultural sector in the post-war economy have been studied. In particular, it was found that the key factor of agrarian sector development is people. Important for the recovery of the agricultural sector is the development of agricultural education and science, creation of sustainable chains in the regions, integration with competitive products into world markets, adaptation to the climate, sustainable and ecological agriculture, technological development, and digitalization of the agricultural sector.

A Study on Derivative Market in India

Since 1991, thanks to economic policy liberalization, the Indian economy has entered an era in which Indian businesses can no longer disregard global markets. Prior to the 1990s, the prices of a variety of commodities, metals, and other assets were carefully regulated. Others, which were not rolled, were primarily dependant on regulated input costs. As a result, there was no uncertainty and, as a result, no price fluctuations. However, in 1991, when the process of deregulation began, the prices of most items were deregulated. It has also resulted in the exchange being partially deregulated, easing trade restrictions, lowering interest rates, and making significant advancements in foreign institutional investors' access to the capital markets, as well as establishing market-based government securities pricing, among other things. Furthermore, portfolio and securities price volatility and instability were influenced by market-determined exchange rates and interest rates. As a result, hedging strategies employing a variety of derivatives were exposed to a variety of risks. The Indian capital market will be examined in this study, with a focus on derivatives.

“Tell me who your political boss is and I will tell you who you are:” patronage and public employment in Colombia

ABSTRACT Patron–client relations have accompanied the historical development of societies for decades. In recent times, they have adapted to fundamental transformations in the modes of capital accumulation and government. The current context of global labor flexibility and instability, as well as increasing inter-party competition for access to power, has provided new opportunities for the development of these relationships. In this context, one of the most contested arenas is public employment. Thus, this article reconstructs the modus operandi of the patron–client relationships that take place in a local public entity, from the perspective of the clients involved in such relationships. For this purpose, 70 in-depth interviews were conducted with employees of a public agency in the municipality of Santiago de Cali (Colombia). This study yields interesting results about the way in which the processes of labor deregulation and downsizing of the Colombian state have favored the functioning of patronage systems. It also describes the effects that these systems have had on the functioning of public agencies.

Forest crisis narratives: Illegal logging, datafication and the conservation frontier in the Romanian Carpathian Mountains

Environmental crisis narratives escalate around the world. Their production and consequences demand scholarly attention. Drawing on the analytical tools of political ecology and highlighting long-term historical developments, this article examines the shift to a new narrative of conservation in forestry, which displaces older structures of state forest management. In particular, we explore the emergence and unfolding of a crisis narrative of illegal logging, which escalated in Romania in the last thirty years. Based on long-term research of digital sources, interviews and fieldwork, we analyze the contents of this narrative, the way it produced heroes and villains, and its entanglements with processes of datafication, criminalization, and the surge of forest violence. We argue that (1) the genealogies of the forest crisis narrative can be understood in relation to frontier-specific processes of deregulation and re-territorialization, which generate acute struggles for forest control and legitimacy; (2) the narrative of illegal logging unravells as a media spectacle surrounding the production of data by a plurality of state and non-state actors (3) in the attempts to curtail illegal logging, the emphasis on law, surveillance and criminalization posits forest conservation one step short of militarization, fuelling the trends for global environmental law enforcement and securitization of conservation.

ОБҐРУНТУВАННЯ РИНКОВОГО ПІДХОДУ ДО УПРАВЛІННЯ СЛАБОУРБАНІЗОВАНИМИ ТЕРИТОРІЯМИ В УМОВАХ ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЇ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОГО ГОСПОДАРСТВА

The article analyzes the factors that affect the management effectiveness of low-urbanized areas. A characteristic feature of the current state of socio-economic relations is the spread of competition in all spheres of human activity. Such megatrends as the processes of globalization and deregulation of markets, the integration of economies of individual countries only contribute to strengthening these trends. Its conditions are also integral in the case of various non-profit entities, public associations, political parties, as well as territorial entities of different levels: countries, regions, and territorial communities. Since, in the situation of transition from the "seller's market" to the "buyer's market", the answer to the challenges of competition from commercial entities was their focus on the concept of marketing, it is logical to extend it to all areas of human activity in which there is competition. In particular, today the market approach to management in the banking sector, energy, non-profit organizations, etc. is becoming increasingly important. In addition, the market approach is relevant in the management at the state level and at the level of individual territorial communities, which also compete with each other – for limited "resources" of investment and no less limited tourist "resources". Based on the preliminary analysis, the methods of territorial community management are singled out: budget-oriented management; cadence management; management based on addressing identified long-term needs; strategic approach. It is determined that now the market of low-urbanized territories and their products are at the initial stages of its development. This state of affairs is a characteristic feature of this market and is primarily due to the objective imperfection of information movement and the small number of transactions, their atypical nature, which is manifested in the gap between the costs incurred to promote and determine their effectiveness. These problems are even more obvious at home. It was the motivation to justify market approaches to the management of sparsely urbanized areas in Ukraine.

Inflacija i politika deviznog kursa - efekti na spoljnotrgovinsku razmenu Republike Srbije - trgovinskopravni i ekonomski aspekt - perspektive i budućnost poslovanja

The process of globalization, deregulation and liberalization of the market, international dominance has several significant aspects, first of all, taking into account the turbulence, complexity and uncertainty of business as well as the application of regulations subject to change, which has significant negative implications of all types of economic policy of the domicile country, but also a dominant influence international institutions. As economic policy through price (inflation) and exchange rate policy has a significant impact on foreign trade exchange and trade contracts in legal transactions through the positioning, competitiveness, growth and development of the Republic of Serbia both on the domestic and international markets, where the so-called of the principle of "victory of the stronger", the influence of imperialist forces, political influence and world oligarchy should be considered in the context of the future and the perspective and future of business of domestic companies as well as the economic policy itself. Therefore, the goal of this work is to connect knowledge from the legal and economic domains, to focus on the eff ECT of inflation and exchange rate policy and their influence in foreign trade exchange and international financial headquarters as challenges facing science and the profession, bearing in mind all the implications that have been stated and they are of crucial importance for the future of international business.

The State and Media Financing: Bulgaria and the Mediterranean Media Model

The study examines the applicability of the comparative framework of Hallin and Mancini (2004) with their three models of media‒politics relations (Mediterranean or Polarized Pluralist Model, North/ Central European or Democratic Corporatist Model, and North Atlantic or Liberal Model) to a post-communist country like Bulgaria. The answer to this question is sought through a study of the role of the state in relation to the media system, particularly the state funding of media in its various forms. The analysis leads to the conclusion that the Bulgarian media system is most similar to the Mediterranean Model due to the power of еtatism (the state finances public media, and the government buys media love through state and municipal advertising). At the same time, ineffective media regulation favors media concentration and the instrumentalization of large government media groups. The processes of rapid liberalization, privatization and deregulation in the media sector after 1989 brought Bulgaria closer to the countries included in the Liberal Model. Therefore, its media system is hybrid to some extent, but the similarities with the Mediterranean Model remain in the lead. The clientelism through which they are tamed, resp. corrupt the media, brings Bulgaria closer to the Latin American countries where it is much stronger than in the Mediterranean region (Hallin, Papathanassopoulos 2002). The concluding part predicts that, in the future, the analysis of the Bulgarian media system can be enhanced with a study of the applicability of the concepts of the “captured liberal model” of the media (in Latin America) and the “captured media” in the post-communist world.

PECULIARITIES OF NATIONAL LEGISLATION IN THE FIELD OF URBAN PLANNING

In modern conditions of territorial development, rational processes of urbanization are especially important. Lessons of economic activity have shown that the solution of important problems of innovative economic and social development of territories is impossible without the organization of fundamentally new relations in the urban planning system, improvement of methods of territorial management, change of management style, psychology and thinking of territorial development, expansion and deepening democracy, increasing the responsibility of all parts of the management of territories. The basis for regulating the processes of general planning at the national and territorial levels is the regulatory and legal support of the urban planning system. According to the world experience, the main requirements for the regulatory support of general planning processes are the following: informativeness and availability of data for all categories of stakeholders in urban planning; development of the system of public control, monitoring of general planning processes, which provides increase of transparency of town-planning processes; ensuring the preservation of cultural, archaeological, architectural, historical heritage in the urban planning system; reduction of corruption in the urban planning system; ensuring the processes of deregulation of the urban planning system as a leading world experience in the organization of regulatory processes. The formation of settlement systems is a multifactorial process, so the modeling of such systems requires a detailed analysis of the functions they perform and their weight priorities for the population. These tasks should be implemented by introducing innovative solutions into the system of legislative support, which is the task of this article. Therefore, it is advisable to determine the prospects for the development of spatial planning systems in Ukraine in accordance with leading global trends and factors of external and internal influence.

Consolidation in the banking industry: HR challenges, consequences and solutions

Liberalization and deregulation process started in 1991 has made lot of changes in the banking system. From a totally regulated environment, banking institutions have moved into a market driven competitive system. Changes gained momentum in the last few years. Globalization would gain greater speed in coming years particularly on account of expected opening up of financial services under WTO. Four trends changed the banking industry world over, viz, consolidation of players through mergers and acquisitions, globalization of operations, development of new technology, and universalisation of banking.

The Indian Banking System, Financial Fragility, and Deregulation

Indian banking has undergone structural changes from financial reform and the process of deregulation during the 1990s. Added to this is a new element, the COVID-19 pandemic, and its effects on the banking system. The categories of concentration and centralization of capital and the increasing instability of banking institutions will enable an assessment of banking fragility as well as the impact and repercussions of the pandemic. The economic fragility of India's banking system has been a constant over the past few decades. The objective of this article is to analyze the profitability of the banking system, the banks’ non-performing loans and the government's strategy to prevent a banking crisis.

Dynamic security assessment for the power system in the presence of wind turbines

Dynamic security is an essential requirement for operating a modern power system. Due to the global increase in load demand, modern power systems witness several dramatic changes in terms of size and implementation of new renewable sources. At the same time, the deregulation process in power operation policy is being pushed to operate closer to its security boundary limits. Based on the combined Decision Tree (DT) algorithm, namely Random Forest (RF) and advance attribute selection technique, this paper presents an approach to address these challenges related to dynamic security assessment (DSA) in the modern power system. The performance of study approach is demonstrated on a modified version of IEEE 9 and 14-bus test system models with presence of two wind turbines (WTs) type WTG 3. Results show the superiority of RF compared to other DT algorithms that are used in this study. In addition, the attribute selection technique could significantly affect the number of attributes required for DSA. This makes DT classifier more effectiveness in the online application. Thus, this approach can provide control center with vital information with high accuracy results and less attributes about security state direction that will help operator to take the right and fast steps to remedy problems and prevent a blackout from occurring.

DeepProg: an ensemble of deep-learning and machine-learning models for prognosis prediction using multi-omics data

Multi-omics data are good resources for prognosis and survival prediction; however, these are difficult to integrate computationally. We introduce DeepProg, a novel ensemble framework of deep-learning and machine-learning approaches that robustly predicts patient survival subtypes using multi-omics data. It identifies two optimal survival subtypes in most cancers and yields significantly better risk-stratification than other multi-omics integration methods. DeepProg is highly predictive, exemplified by two liver cancer (C-index 0.73–0.80) and five breast cancer datasets (C-index 0.68–0.73). Pan-cancer analysis associates common genomic signatures in poor survival subtypes with extracellular matrix modeling, immune deregulation, and mitosis processes. DeepProg is freely available at https://github.com/lanagarmire/DeepProg

Informal housing practices

In this introduction to the first of two special issues on ‘Informal housing practices’ we set out the foundations for a research agenda on ‘informality’ within housing scholarship, and propose initial implications for policy and practice. In doing so we draw from the rich conceptual work by urban geographers and political economists who situate informality within wider processes of neoliberalism, globalisation and deregulation, as well as the small but emerging body of research by housing scholars who see informal housing as both a symptom of, and potential solution to, unmet housing need. Our jumping off point for the special issues was an interest in the dimensions of informal housing manifesting in expensive cities and regions of the global north, where the veneer of ‘formal’ urban development and housing markets render informal housing practices largely invisible. Grounded within this context, papers in this issue illuminate different dimensions of informal housing practice; from the physical transformation of dwellings through to the ways in which individuals navigate shared domestic space; or how policy makers seek to expand low cost rental markets by legitimising secondary dwellings and micro-apartments. Drawing on the wider literature on informality and the role of the state in producing/resolving unmet housing need; we argue that informal housing practices warrant further research and policy attention, particularly with respect to cities and regions of the global north.

THE ROLE OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE IN INDIAN BANKING COMPANIES

The process of liberalization and deregulation was unleashed by the new economic policy of the Government of India during 1991. Reforms in financial sector opened the doors to the private sector Banks in the country and it paved way for the new generation banks. Customers welcomed these financial institutions and they were awaiting for this opportunity to make themselves comfortable with the services provided by private sector banks after experiencing poor services from Nationalized Banks. The unethical practices and increased corruption kept the management of different organization to fleece their customers which in turn resulted in the closing down of some big companies. The need of Corporate Governance was felt during the securities scam of Harshad Mehta’s in April 1992 involving a large number of banks and it resulted a drastic change for the first time in stock market that shook the confidence of investors. The practices of the Corporate Governance has to be constantly evaluated because of the uncertain and complex business environment in India. KEY WORDS: Banking Companies, Fraud, Scams, Corporate Governance

Fiscal Stimulus, Fiscal Policies, and Financial Instability

: Fiscal policies have been limited and without a capacity to generate employment as a result of the processes of financial deregulation and liberalization prior to the Global International Financial Crisis (GIFC). During the Post-crisis period, budgets were limited to face the onerous payments of the external debt service. As austerity policies deepened and job creation was set aside in order to meet the reduction in the fiscal deficit, the economy remained stable but financial instability deepened. COVID-19 highlighted the deficiencies in social spending, especially the health sector, and the lack of complementarity between monetary policy and fiscal policy in Latin American countries.

Neoliberalizm Düşüncesinin Evriminde Ekonomik Kalkınmanın Yeri/The Place Of Economıc Development In The Evolutıon Of Neolıberalısm Thought

By removing the obstacles to the international trade of goods and services on the one hand and capital movements on the other, the neoliberal economic policies, which gradually accelerated in the 70s, took the first steps of the deregulation process that will be experienced in almost all areas of the economy in the following years. England, which completed its development process with the protectionism policies applied in the pre-Industrial Revolution period, started to support the liberal views, which are the basis of the free market economy understanding, as a result of the market requirement of the increasing production volume after the Industrial Revolution. As a result of low profit rates and low interest rates in growing economies, capital inflows to underdeveloped or developing countries significantly increased, and the yields obtained by developed economies also increased. In this study, the relationship between neoliberalism and economic development is discussed, criticism of neoliberal thought and the importance of the concept of development for economies are emphasized.

RISK-ORIENTED APPROACH IN PUBLIC REGULATION OF MAN-MADE SAFETY OF UKRAINE

Implementation on the territory of Ukraine of modern principles of regulation in the field of man-made and natural safety is carried out at a slow pace. The introduction of European standards of safe living, which is one of the requirements of Ukraine's integration into the EU, is possible subject to the implementation of conceptual and methodological innovations and institutional transformations. Unfortunately, over time, the conceptual principles of risk management today, without losing their relevance, are insufficiently implemented in the practice of governing bodies of the Unified State Civil Protection System. In addition, the need to move from public management of man-made safety to public regulation, as determined by the processes of deregulation in the state poses a scientific problem finding practical ways to implement a risk-oriented approach to the practice of government at all levels. The purpose of the article is to study the possibilities of application in state regulation of man-made safety risk-oriented approach and its content. Risk-oriented approach (ROP) to any activity. assumes that any dangers (in the sphere of production, in everyday life and everyday life), despite their diversity, have the same nature of occurrence and the same logic of events. The main tasks of the ROP are to create a scientific basis for ensuring the reliability of complex technical systems for human safety and the environment, to develop methods for assessing the degree of danger of industrial facilities and the scientific basis of the concept of acceptable risk. The main instruments of public regulation in the field of risk management are state standardization, certification, state expertise, state supervision and control, licensing, economic regulation, declaration of facility safety and insurance. The main processes of state regulation of man-made safety on the basis of a risk-oriented approach are monitoring of emergencies, identification and certification of the risk of their occurrence, minimization of their impact or consequences (in case of catastrophic development of the situation). The risk assessment should be based on the technical concept of assessing the probability of their occurrence. Areas of further research are to determine the strategic directions of publik regulation of man-made safety based on the application of risk-oriented approach, development of proposals for the practical establishment of emergency monitoring centers.

Regulatory Rollbacks in the Amazon Rainforest: A Nuanced Look into the Effects of Environmental Victimization

Since the beginning of Jair Bolsonaro's presidential mandate, existing Brazilian environmental regulations started being rolled back to benefit a small, but powerful, Brazilian bourgeoise, the so-called “Brazilian agribusiness.” The process of deregulation in Brazil (regulatory rollback) is responsible for significant environmental and social harm, which affects largely marginalized peoples and indigenous communities in the Brazilian Amazon rainforest. It is also responsible for operating, and maintaining, dynamics of social inclusion and exclusion which are deepening the democratic deficit in Brazil, which is here denominated as the “mechanisms of environmental victimization.” To demonstrate the Brazilian regulatory rollback the authors analyse legislative and regulatory amendments since the beginning of Jair Bolsonaro's mandate. Through this analysis, the authors seek to demonstrate how the symbiosis between state and corporate interests can promote significant social and environmental victimization.