Curriculum Development Process Research Articles

A SOCIAL REALIST PERSPECTIVE OF CHALLENGES FACING EDUCATORS IN IMPLEMENTING THE REVISED CURRICULUM IN OMPUNDJA CIRCUIT IN NAMIBIA

Purpose: This article explores the challenges experienced by Namibian public schools’ educators when implementing the revised curriculum in Ompundja Circuit and suggests how the challenges can be addressed.
 Methodology: A qualitative design using a semi-structured interview guide was employed to collect data from five purposively sampled principals. About 45-minute long face-to-face interviews were conducted with each of the principals. The data collected through interviews were transcribed and read several times to make meaning from the volume data. After reading all the interview transcripts, various codes were assigned to themes using a priori or pre-existing coding. The interpretation was derived from the transcribed responses of participants.
 Findings: The study found that there are structural, cultural and agential constrains that could hinder the successful management and implementation of the revised curriculum in Namibian public schools in Ompundja Circuit. These challenges may derail the purpose of instructional leadership, which seeks to improve learners’ academic performance country-wide. The study proposed some enabling mechanisms to address the identified challenges.
 Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: This study made a set of recommendations such as: training of educators on curriculum implementation should be conducted regularly; stakeholders should be provided with the necessary instructional materials and teachers are encouraged to use alternative teaching and learning resources. Further, it is recommended that the teacher-learner ratio policy should be morphed to respond to contexts. It is also recommended that schools should mobilise monetary or in-kind assistance from stakeholders, including parents. The current policy that prevents schools from soliciting school development funds from parents and denies teachers the opportunities to use the Universal Primary Education funds for educational excursions should be revised. It is also recommended that schools should be provided with the necessary physical infrastructures. Finally, it is recommended that teachers should be involved in every curriculum development process and decision making thereof.

SIGNS OF LEARNING

Australia’s education system has historically been premised on state and territory-based curricula, until the development of a national curriculum in each learning area, released in stages from 2014. This paper will discuss the curriculum development process for the Auslan curriculum in the Languages learning area, which delivered an endorsed blueprint for the formal teaching and learning of Auslan in Australian schools from 2017. Unique features of the curriculum will be outlined, such as the dual-pathways for first and second language learners of Auslan, and the different sequence entry points, specifically designed to meet the needs of deaf children in both the early primary school years, as well as those who are late learners of a first language, entering secondary school with limited spoken and/or signed language later in childhood. The paper will provide an overview of the structure and content of the curriculum and the nature of the learners, and conclude with some of the opportunities and challenges arising from this initiative, such as the ongoing lack of quality resources that exist for its day-to-day implementation in schools nation-wide.

Combing pre-workshop, web-based learning and hands-on workshop as a flipped classroom clinical skill training model during the COVID-19 pandemic

ObjectiveDue to the COVID-19 pandemic, there is a dramatic drop in in-person residency training due to the implementation of isolation and triage measurements. Here, we propose a new flipped classroom clinical skill training model utilizing a combination of pre-workshop, web-based learning and hands-on workshop that shortens in-person contact time to maintain residency training during the pandemic. Effectiveness of this training model was evaluated with a pre-test and post-test skills competency assessment, two-way feedback, and a five-point Likert scale structured survey questionnaire. Materials and methodsThe workshop was conducted in a flipped classroom fashion by the obstetrics and gynecology (OBGYN) department of a single tertiary teaching medical center covering topics from five OBGYN subspecialities. Every topic consisted of a pre-workshop, web-based, mini lecture (PWML) followed by a hands-on workshop (HW). All first to fourth year OBGYN residents were invited to attend the workshop. All the trainees were required to complete the PWML prior to the day of HW. The workshop consisted of rotational station for each topic and was conducted within one afternoon. A 0-100-point scale pre-test and post-test skills competency evaluation were performed for each station and was assessed by the attending doctor or fellow doctor of each subspeciality. Two-way feedback was done after the post-test evaluation. A five-point Likert scale structured survey instrument consisting of participant’s perceptions of the workshop design, relevance to clinical practice, and quality of instructors and materials was created during the curriculum development process and sent to each participant one month after the workshop. ResultsA total of 19 residents including five first-year, six second-year, three third-year, and five fourth-year residents completed the entire pre-workshop lecture, workshop, pre-test, and post-test. For all residents, the average post-test score of 5 stations was 95 and was significantly higher than the pre-test score of 60 (p < 0.001). For both junior residents and senior residents, the average post-test scores of 5 stations were also significantly higher than pre-test scores (p < 0.001). Survey generated one month after the workshop showed a high overall satisfaction with the workshop instructors on their professional knowledge, communication skills, and interactions between the instructors and trainees. The average satisfaction scores for manipulation of vaginal breech delivery (VBD), semen analysis (SA), cervical conization (CC), obstetrics anal sphincter injury (OASIS), and laparoscopic suture techniques (LST) were 4.84, 4.96, 4.92, 4.88, and 4.92, respectively The average score for practical application of the training materials, class design and teaching method, overall satisfaction of the session, and time scheduling was 4.84, 4.96, 4.96, and 4.48, respectively. The entire HW was completed within 180 min and was carried out within half a day. ConclusionWith the implementation of isolation and triage measures in the COVID-19 pandemic, there is a dramatic drop in in-person exposure to all aspects of the residency training, in particular, non-emergent surgeries. Utilization of PWML saved 1/3 of in-person time and the entire workshop was completed within 180 min that could be carried out within half a day. The decrease of person-to-person contact time during the COVID-19 pandemic is necessary while still providing curriculum-based residency training in spite of decreased hands-on experience.

국군간호사관학교 ’22-’25 교육과정 개발

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop 4-year undergraduate program for KAFNA cadets in academic year of 2022 to 2025. Methods: Using a competency-based curriculum development process, the authors reviewed literature, interviewed focus groups, and evaluated validity using Delphi method. The curriculum was finalized through a public hearing and the steering committee of education in KAFNA. Results: The curriculum composed of 146 credits, seven educational objectives, seven core competencies, and eleven program outcomes. Item-level content validity index scores for educational objectives, core competencies and program outcome were 0.78 or higher. Conclusion: The curriculum was verified with high consensus. However, it should be updated on a regular basis to educate nursing cadets to become excellent nursing officers, and be revised to reflect the fourth-cycle nursing education accreditation standards.

A Responsive Approach to Curricular Needs of Turkish Educational System: Curriculum Based on Reason, Values and Culture

The purpose of this research is to identify problems with formal curricula at different levels of education in Türkiye and to present an approach that offers solutions in line with these problems. In accordance with this purpose, document analysis design within the framework of systematic review was used in the research. In this context, the curriculum evaluation studies carried out between the years 2012-2021 were examined by using content analysis. In addition, the commonplaces of different curriculum approaches from various sources have been revealed. Curriculum evaluation studies conducted in Türkiye show that the curricula have various problems in terms of commonplaces such as teacher, learner, subject matter, context, and curriculum making. Moreover, in these studies it has been suggested that comprehensive updates be made in the curricula to solve the identified problems. Based on these findings, a curriculum approach has been proposed, which is believed to contribute to the solution of the curriculum problems. The Reason, Values, and Culture-Based Approach is a responsive approach that aims to train individuals who attach importance to mental and cultural values. In addition to the solution proposals in the approach put forward, various suggestions were presented to the institutions responsible for the curriculum development process in Türkiye and to researchers who will study corresponding issues.

Curriculum Implementers’ Perspectives on Relevance of Secondary Education in Real-Life Settings

The recent expansion of enrollment in secondary education in Tanzania has contributed to an increase in the number of secondary education graduates in the society than before. Regardless of the increase, there has been a poor transition rate to post-secondary education and therefore making the majority return to their communities to join the informal sector to sustain their livelihood. This article presents the findings on the relevance of secondary education curriculum to youth’s livelihood in Tanzania. It addresses the issue of the application of secondary education knowledge to learners’ social-economic context. Qualitative data were collected in 10 densely populated wards in the Mvomero district to secondary education leavers, headteachers, and academic teachers. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions. Content analysis was used to analyze data. The findings revealed secondary education has the potential to improve individuals’ living standards and birth control. However, the study also showed that economic activities are still gender-specific, coupled with male-dominated traditions. In addition, the study revealed knowledge disjunction between the school and real-life settings. Moreover, the centralized curriculum widens the gap between school knowledge and real-life because it does not respond to the diversified geographical environment of Tanzania. Based on the findings the study recommends curriculum development process involve diverse groups of stakeholders to design contents that are reflective of the respective societal needs, integration of theory and practice in teaching and learning, and integration of both general and skill-based education.

Participatory curriculum development for health and independent living for disabled people: a qualitative study of participant experiences

Participatory curriculum development is an approach that draws on participatory research philosophy by engaging members of intended audiences in the curriculum development process. This is a fairly new approach to curriculum development, which has seldom been applied in health promotion and, to our knowledge, has not previously been used to develop curriculum with disabled people. In this project, participatory curriculum development was used to both develop a new curriculum and revise an existing curriculum for in-person, web-based delivery. We engaged in this process with Center for Independent Living staff members, twelve of whom we interviewed post-engagement. We assessed the development process for equitable engagement and sharing of power and identified three relevant main themes: learning, collaborating, and empowering. Our project partners engaged collaboratively in project development and believed the curriculums would empower their intended end-users. However, they desired greater sharing of power during the process to create an equitable experience.

Development of Learning Resources within Higher Education in Response to the Challenges of COVID 19

This brief paper describes how additional learning resources can be developed at a module level within higher education. The context to further meet the requirements of a rapidly changing environment within the higher education context and to meet different trends and challenges such as employers’ expectations and challenges facing graduates to secure appropriate employment considering their disciplines. The case study reflects key considerations to ensure further students’ success as universities in the UK shifted from face-to-face delivery to quick online delivery due to the challenges presented by the Covid-19 virus spreading in the UK and Globally. In addition, the case study provides key considerations during the curriculum development process, such as constructive alignment, students’ backgrounds and diversity, and utilization of additional resources at the organizational level, such as Library Services and IT

Developing Curricula in a Distance Learning Environment: Attending to the Different ‘Voices’

The offering of curricula that are relevant and responsive to the needs of society is the ultimate goal of any higher education institution. However, there is a need to engage in a curriculum development process that attends to the different ‘voices’ by addressing the needs of the different stakeholders. Stakeholders’ voices and needs can be ascertained and addressed through a curriculum development process that involves both internal and external stakeholders from the initial stages of developing curricula, throughout the various stages. Such a process may not be linear but interactive, iterative, and collaborative. This paper unpacks the curriculum development process focusing on the key stages of needs assessment, stating curriculum/programme goals, selecting curriculum content and teaching and learning activities, designing learning materials as well as evaluating. It unpacks the importance of attending to the different voices in coming up with relevant and market-driven curricula.

SUPERVISI AKADEMIK KEPALA SEKOLAH SMA NEGERI DI KOTA TERNATE

The purpose of this study was to analyze (1) the implementation of academic supervision of the principals of public high school in Ternate; (2) the obstacles are faced by the principals of public high school in Ternate in carrying out academic supervision and (3) the principals' have an efforts to overcome the obstacles in implementing academic supervision in Public High Schools in Ternate. The approach in this research is qualitative. Data sources: principals, teachers and students. The results of this study indicate that (1) the implementation of academic supervision by the principal of a public high school in Ternate carried out simultaneously according to their functions and roles as supervisors. Activities carried out by school principals as supervisors include developing and strengthening teacher competency capacities within the scope of curriculum development, teaching and learning processes, solving teaching difficulties, teacher mediation in solving teacher and student problems in schools, (2) the obstacles are faced by the principals of public high school in Ternate to implementing academic supervision is the limited time for the principal in escorting and fostering teachers during the implementation of learning in the classroom, limited school facilities and infrastructure . In addition, some teachers are reluctant to be supervised, they view that supervision is still considered as an effort to reveal the weaknesses of teachers in carrying out their duties and (3) an effort to overcome obstacles in the implementation of academic supervision by principals of public high school in Ternate is to carry out academic strengthening, such as training to increase teachers’ Professional competence and pedagogical teachers in order to improve the quality of education.

Co-creating curricula with industry partners: A case study

The case study explores how a mid-sized business school in Australia co-created the curriculum in its Master of Human Resource Management program with industry partners in a bid to cope with tensions between academic rigor and industry relevance. Using a tensions theory lens, we identify other inherent tensions that the curriculum co-creation processes must cope with - tension between individuals and groups, between various stakeholders that inform curriculum design, and between the needs of experienced older versus less experienced younger students. Our analysis suggests that the rigor versus relevance debate is a false debate. We contribute to the management education literature by analyzing a curriculum development process with industry partners that produces learning outcomes that are both relevant and rigorous. The following factors were found necessary for effective curricula co-creation: support from senior management; capability to recruit suitable industry partners; effective leadership that manages emergent tensions; preparatory work to identify the level of industry involvement; processes that make it easier for industry partners to contribute; and importantly, strong relationships with executive champions from partner organizations. Finally, we propose a matrix that plots curriculum content along ‘organizational relevance’ and ‘theoretical abstraction’ axes to demonstrate the nature and effectiveness of industry involvement.

Crowdsourcing cyber experts to determine relevant topics during cyber curriculum development efforts

ABSTRACT The cyber security environment, its threats, and its defence strategies are constantly changing. Educational programmes and their curriculum are known to be slow changing and at times out-of-date, resulting in content that may not be as relevant to their students and the industry. This research paper will 1 – present an overview of the curriculum development (CDev) process when using committees and their hindrance, 2 – describe the concept of crowdsourcing and its benefits when using domain experts, 3 – propose a Curriculum Development using Crowdsourcing Framework (CDC-F) to integrate expert crowdsourcing into parts of the CDev process (specifically the identification of industry-relevant topics and sub-topics for further curriculum content development), and 4 – present the process and results of ang experiment utilising the CDC-F.

Practitioners’ Curriculum Conceptualization and Their Professional Participation in Curriculum Development and Implementation in Ethiopia

The purpose of this paper was to review practitioners’ conception and involvement in the curriculum development and implementation process. Different empirical works done in Ethiopia and reflections of lived experiences of the researchers were used as sources of this review. The results revealed that the dominant curriculum conceptualization of the practitioners was found to be consistent with the technical procedural curriculum conception. The participation of practitioners in Ethiopia faced varied challenges including academic qualification, power imposition, and failure to consider curriculum as a practical and a phenomenological study. Finally, the researchers forwarded relevant recommendations as detailed in the text.

The Challenging and Transformative Implications of Education for Sustainable Development: A Case Study in South Korea

Sustainable development can be considered one of the biggest global challenges of this era, especially in the domain of education. Hence, this paper presents a case study on how the “Tongyoeng Regional Center for Expertise (Tongyoeng RCE)” has contributed to the practice of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) and to the reformation of curriculum development process in South Korea. It establishes a cooperative system between formal education and in/non-formal education within an environment of a conservative and exclusive educational system. While focusing on the substantial achievement of Tongyoeng RCE that has transformed the South Korean education system from a “knowledge and grade-centred” Eastern educational regime to a “value and practice centred” one, this study also addresses how the RCE has initiated a “learning society,” that is, decentralized and deregulated educational communities that are more flexible in resolving the unprecedented challenges of globalization. This research emphasizes the implications of education for sustainable development as a challenging and transformative curriculum development process in South Korea.

Examine the importance of teachers' participation in curriculum development

Curriculum has an essential importance in the field of Education. It is the most basic and foremost part of one’s Education and learning. Had there been no concept of curriculum, people would have been confused and misguided as to what to study and learn at what time. There would not have been any sequence of objectives and aims to be fulfilled for students’ learning. For the development of curriculum, there are many people who work together. There is always a special curriculum development committee with their core capabilities in the domain of curriculum designing. Having many different stakeholders for the process of curriculum development, this paper specifically highlights the critical analysis of importance of teachers’ participation in the curriculum development process. Not only in Pakistan, there are different contexts like South Africa, India and Turkey where the issue of applicability of curriculum into the classroom is found out. This paper is based on the critical commentary in which the first part of it discusses the general concept of curriculum and its development. Besides, it also discusses a bit of teachers’ involvement into the process along with mentioning rational and objectives of paper. The 2nd part of the paper critically analyses the previous researches which has talked about significance of teachers’ involvement in curriculum development process. Moreover, it has then touched to specific discussion of teachers’ involvement by moving forward to the encounters that teachers face in curriculum development process. Continuing on the same pace, it has then discussed how can teachers be prepared to put in their contribution in the beginning phase of development since they are not only supposed to work for implementation phase. Other than this, in the next part, the overall discussion has been concluded with author’s own stance regarding the topic. In the last part, some of the recommendations have been given to curriculum development authorities or committees to involve teachers in the process accurately so that the quality of education can be improved. Also, it will add to the improved interaction between the committee of teachers when they will work for the same cause.

Responsive curriculum development for professional education: Different teams, different tales

AbstractDue to fast and unpredictable developments, professional education is challenged with being responsive, which demands a rethinking of conventional curriculum development approaches. Yet, literature on curriculum development falls short in terms of recognising how to react rapidly and adequately to these new developments. This study focuses on curriculum development initiatives at the school level in a Dutch university of applied sciences. Open interviews were held with 29 curriculum developers to explore how they define and give substance to developing curricula for new, changing or unpredictable professions. These 29 participants were involved in seven curriculum development trajectories. Four themes were detected: (1) curriculum developers are in favour of open, flexible and authentic curricula; (2) the context in which the curriculum development takes place and the different roles and responsibilities of curriculum developers are challenging; (3) curriculum developers feel insufficiently equipped to carry out their tasks; and (4) involving stakeholders is necessary but results in a “viscous” social–political process. Responsive curriculum development requires a great deal of flexibility and adaptability from curriculum developers. Yet, in our study, “institutional concrete” is found to severely hinder responsive curriculum development processes. To be responsive, such processes need to be supported and institutional barriers need to be removed.

Improving Curriculum Organization In The Education System In School

The world of education cannot be separated from the curriculum. The curriculum is one of the most important components of education. The curriculum can cover a broad scope and a narrow scope. The curriculum must be in accordance with the needs and demands that exist in society. The curriculum must also be able to adjust the components in it. In its implementation in an educational institution, the curriculum needs to be developed, in developing a curriculum it certainly cannot be done without references or guidelines. One of the curriculum developed must pay attention to curriculum organization. Organizing the curriculum is one aspect that needs to be considered so that curriculum development can meet all the needs and demands of students, educators, and also the community. This study uses the Library Research method by examining several data sources from books related to the organization and design of curriculum development. The conclusion of this study is that the organization acts as a method used to determine the selection and integration of various learning experiences organized by educational institutions in the curriculum development process. An organization is very necessary for the management process, namely the planning organization, the organization in the context of implementing the curriculum, and the organization in the context of curriculum evaluation.

Curriculum Development in Public Administration in Bangladesh: Lessons from Experience of Others

This article examines the process of curriculum development for Public Administration in public universities in Bangladesh and explores the extent to which Bangladesh can learn lessons from others’ experiences, especially from countries in the South Asian region. The article compares and contrasts the curriculum and courses offered by different departments of Public Administration and explores reasons for variations. It also analyses measures adopted for the modernisation of curriculum and identifies factors that are likely to retard the progress towards change and improvement. The article argues that the widespread autonomy that different universities enjoy has become counterproductive, leading to a decline in the standard of education and the politicisation of the governing process in the universities. Everything now weighs in party political terms. This, in turn, causes more harm than good. Bangladesh can try to learn, especially from India’s experiences, how to stress on striking a balance between autonomy to be enjoyed by universities and control to be exercised by the government/University Grants Commission (UGC) to ensure that the practice does not differ much from the ideal.

Hot Off the Press: Addressing gender inequities: Creation of a multi-institutional consortium of women physicians in academic emergency medicine.

Hot Off the Press: Addressing gender inequities: Creation of a multi-institutional consortium of women physicians in academic emergency medicine.

ANALISIS PENGEMBANGAN KURIKULUM DI LEMBAGA PENDIDIKAN ISLAM

Curriculum development in educational institutions is inseparable from various aspects that influence it. The curriculum is an important component in education, because in the curriculum there are all educational processes from planning to implementing evaluations. The curriculum development process is the process of perfecting the existing curriculum. In accordance with the current flow of globalization, curriculum development can be seen from the various supporting and inhibiting factors that influence it. This study discusses the curriculum development process, the stages of curriculum development, and the supporting and inhibiting factors in the curriculum development process. The method used is library research which aims to examine various literatures on curriculum development. The results can find out the curriculum development process carried out to develop the curriculum in Islamic Educational Institutions.