Cultural Formation Processes Research Articles

Manusia Dalam Perspektif Al-Qur'an, Landasan Kependidikan

Abstract: Man was created in perfect form. This perfectionincludes spiritual and phsycal aspect to be equipped by its potential. This is in contrast with the view of materialism. Both of these aspect have a functional relationship or monodualism. Developing human potential requires a process of social interaction in internal and formed and surrounding communities which is a process of cultural formation. Culture can be formed throught the instrument of learning, assimilation, adaptation, re-culturalization and reproduction by using symbols.
 
 Keywords
 Human, educational foundation, the perspective of the Koran

Islamic Scientific Epistemology in Al-Jabiri Perspective

After Europe experienced renaissance period, it seems that Arab or Islamic countries till now have difficulty to achieve the glory like the era of prophet Muhammad (Rasulullah), Umayyah, Abbasid to the glory of Islam in the Spanish. As one of Islamic thinker (expert), Al-Jabiri arguing that the solutions offered by many experts were not appropriate with the nature concept. Furthermore, He then proposed a critical construction of Arabian epistemological knowledge by analyzing critically the process of Arabian cultural formation. He concluded that the Islamic reasoning had been "dead" because there are no more innovations given since the codification period (ashr at-tadwin) of various scientific fields (tabwib al-ilm) in the middle of 2ndcentury and 3rdcentury of hijri. Since the period, all Islamic epistemologist concept that was born at that time used as a theoretical framework (al-ithar al-marji'i) for the Islamic reasoning until now. Al-jabiri concluded the mainstream Islamic epistemology have existed in the era has three typologies, namely bayani, irfani and burhani. However, ironically the bayani epistemology much more about the Arabian reasoning, so that it created one civilization that is called fiqh civilization (hadlarahfiqh). However, irfani epistemology tends to bring Islamic view into irrational reason. While burhani epistemology is very lacked attention on Islamic view. This thing becomes stumbling to create modern Arab or Islamic era.

EVALUATION OF INFORMATION CULTURE LEVELS FORMATION OF YOUNG TEENAGERS UNDER CONDITIONS OF A SECONDARY EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION

Today the mastering of information culture by the young generation is an important necessity, connected with information progress that takes place in the modern society. The process of information culture formation of young teenagers provides, first of all, the study and evaluation of information culture formation of pupils of this age. Thus on the base of secondary educational institutions was realized the ascertaining stage of our experimental study as to the state of information culture levels formation in young teenagers. The ascertaining experiment took place in few stages. At the first stage the content-analysis of annual plans of the upbringing work of secondary educational institutions and annual plans of the upbringing work of form-masters was realized. At the second stage the author’s questionnaire was realized for young teenagers, their parents and teachers, and the results were analyzed. The involvement of parents and teachers at this stage allowed us to evaluate more objectively and precisely the parameters of information culture formation of young teenagers (knowledge about information culture bases, a desire to receive information and to master it, a striving for share information with other people and ability to interest them in information), today state of information culture in a secondary educational institution and to receive advices as to its formation among pupils of this age category. For the more essential confirmation of the veracity and exactness of the received results of optants questionnaire the methods of mathematical statistics were used (mode, median, mean value and Fisher parametric criterion). At the third stage the pedagogical evaluation of parameters of information culture formation was realized using diagnostic methods, methods of observation and expert evaluation. The fourth stage provided the results processing and the determination of information culture formation levels of young teenagers. The received results of information culture formation levels of young teenagers allowed us to confirm the necessity of technological support introduction as to the improvement of the information culture level of young teenagers under conditions of a secondary educational institution.

The contribution of 3D visual technology to the study of Palaeolithic knapped stones based on refitting

Lithic refitting studies can produce highly detailed data on knapping technologies and cores reduction strategies, human skills, natural and cultural formation processes, lithic economy, and intra-site land-use. However, lithic refitting analysis is notoriously time-consuming and can be tricky when the specimens must be handled in the search for refits; moreover, estimation of volumes, angles, convexities, cross-sections, and missing pieces can prove difficult. In our opinion, the 3D tool could be used in order to address these problems. We applied this approach to an archaeological sample, performing a multiple refitting analysis on a virtual support. This enabled better preservation of the original pieces, easier handling, a more complete interaction with the model, and finally, better exploration of the archaeological information, including the virtual reconstruction of the missing pieces. Moreover, thanks to the 3D support the ease with which these data can be disseminated negates the limitations caused by distance and subjectivity.

Discourse and identity in the Hong Kong comic magazine Teddy Boy

The discourse and cultural identity of Hong Kong media have long been of academic concern. Hong Kong media and the consumption of cultural products often reveal the process of local cultural identification formation and discourse practices. Based on the textual analysis of a local comic, Teddy Boy, this article attempts to explore and examine the discursive culture and nature of Hong Kong identity. Based on du Gay et al.’s concept of the circuit of culture, this article explores how the local discourse is formed and legitimized in the process of textual production and consumption by the representation of an idealized cultural hero. In the conclusion, we argue for a connection between local and global identity formations.

Formação cultural e sociedade de consumo – apontamentos oriundos de uma pesquisa-ação

Visando problematizar aspectos das sociedades hodiernas no que diz respeito aos seus processos de formação cultural, o presente texto apresenta considerações oriundas de uma pesquisa-ação, que teve como referencial principal a Teoria Crítica de matriz frankfurtiana. As manifestações musicais de um grupo de alfabetizandos foram escolhidas como um recorte da realidade social, a fim de discutir fenômenos de consumo e descartabilidade de bens, em especial os culturais. No contexto do trabalho de campo, as categorias emergentes possibilitaram uma ampla discussão sobre elementos envolvidos nos processos de formação cultural nas sociedades marcadas pelo signo do consumo.

Externe Wirksamkeit literarischer Imagination

Abstract This article deals with the interactions of literary imagination, cultural identity formation processes and cultural policy strategies. Literature here is understood not just as a reflection of collective memory, and it is not reduced to a representation of the collective mentality of a society at a particular moment in time. Instead, using the Swiss cultural imagination during the era of ›intellectual national defence‹ against Nazi Germany as an example, the influence of literary imaginings on the formation and transformation of models of collective identity models is examined. The analysis will focus on the specific potential of literary imagination, which, under certain conditions, can achieve a high level of effectiveness in the socio-political area.

Planning the Millennium City: The politics of place-making in Gurgaon, India

Since India’s economic liberalization, rising costs in urban centers have pushed growth to the peripheries of cities. The territory on which new towns emerge often bears a long history of village life and land tenure, even as the political-economy of real estate asserts alternative identities on such places. This paper explores the phenomenon of place-making, using the case of Gurgaon, Delhi’s burgeoning satellite. Gurgaon’s growth has taken place largely in the absence of municipal city planning. Its boosters have branded it the “millennium city.”Gurgaon is the sum of hundreds of private land deals, with a pixelated built environment of affluent gated enclaves, villages, and pockets of underdevelopment. Many former farmers have become landlords, enriched and active in the real estate game, while others have been less fortunate, yet little scholarship has focused on the interactions between residents of different communities, and the process of social and cultural capital formation that under girds place-making and attempts to resolve planning issues. What possibilities exist in the post-liberalization Indian city for residents to forge a coherent sense of place or plan within the piecemeal?Drawing on interviews with residents, urban villagers, domestic staff, planners and developers, the paper argues that place-making in Gurgaon constitutes a form of planning in its own right, as actors at various levels of agency attempt to solidify claims of residency and take up many of the responsibilities of planning.

Taphonomy and the role of experimentation in microartifact analysis

In this paper, we review the minimal role experimentation has had in microartifact analysis to date and argue that the future of microartifact research lies in increased experimentation. To this end, we describe our own experimental efforts to understand the taphonomic and site formation processes associated with microartifact deposition and post-deposition. The project, conducted as part of an undergraduate class in experimental archaeology at Murray State University, was designed to test how microartifacts of different sizes and materials are generated and altered through cultural formation processes such as trampling and sweeping, as well as natural formation processes such as bioturbation and precipitation.

Die Rolle der Humanwissenschaften in der modernen Gesellschaft

Abstract The humanities are seen as an essential component of the spiritual education of the younger generation and as a factor of ethical and moral values formation in society in terms of world and national history. Russian society widely discusses the importance of the humanities for civil society evolution as well as for analysis of the processes of national and cultural identity formation among Russian citizens and citizens of the other countries. Despite the fact that public interest in humanitarian issues is increasing apparently, it is clear that the measures taken to support the humanities are not sufficient. Russian scholars in the humanities need more funding for research and educational programs.

Lithic and osseous artifacts from the Lower Magdalenian human burial deposit in El Mirón cave, Cantabria, Spain

This paper presents a preliminary summary of lithic and osseous artifacts recovered from El Mirón Level 504, whose ochre-stained sediments were associated with a Lower Magdalenian human burial. The lithic artifacts were concentrated to the south of the human remains. Debris indicate that manufacture was focused on late-stage bladelet reduction, which followed preparatory flake or blade removals. The lithic industry is rich in bladelet tools and other Lower Magdalenian diagnostic artifacts that were made on very high-quality flints. Osseous artifacts—principally antler sagaies—are highly fragmented, but their attributes are consistent with others known from El Mirón. Lithic and osseous artifacts are typical of the Lower Magdalenian of Cantabria. These artifacts were recovered from a level with significant microstratigraphic variation associated with cultural and natural formation processes, leaving unknown how extensively these materials were spatially and/or temporally displaced from their primary discard locations as part of Level 504 deposition. Interpreted as a single unit and compared with those from the underlying Level 505, these burial area materials testify to spatial continuity with the similarly rich Lower Magdalenian occupations identified in the El Mirón mid- and outer-vestibule into the vestibule rear. The artifacts found in Level 504 provide additional evidence that confirm the site's importance as a major Lower Magdalenian residential site in the montane zone of the Cantabrian region.

A Content Course for Advanced Learners of Korean, “Gender and Sexuality in Korean Culture”: The Approach of Critical Discourse Analysis

ABSTRACT This paper illustrates the theoretical framework of curriculum design and the teaching practice of the content course for the advanced level learner “Gender and Sexuality in Korean Culture.” By defining the concept of culture as an ongoing and constitutive entity, the course is designed to explore the constitutive nature of love, sex, and marriage in Korean culture through the various ways of using language in different genres of texts. In this paper, the theoretical issues of critical discourse analysis will be briefly examined in relation to the curriculum design and teaching practice of the course. Critical discourse analysis highlights the mutually constitutive relationship between use of language and socio-political reality. Its theoretical framework is relevant to the pedagogical goal of course, which is designed to equip advanced students with the perspective to look at the relationship between the process of cultural formation and the use of language in a socio-historical context.

At the Hands of Parties Unknown? The State of the Field of Lynching Scholarship

In October 2002 more than ninety historians and other academics gathered in Atlanta to attend “Lynching and Racial Violence in America: Histories and Legacies.” That Emory University conference, held in conjunction with a touring exhibition of lynching photographs that had attracted considerable publicity, was, to many participants, an important watershed in the study of the history of American lynching. Twenty-five panels of scholars explored collective violence in the United States from a wide range of angles; the variety and extent of inquiry evident at the conference signaled that the study of lynching and racial violence had reached a scale and depth that would have seemed unrealistic even just ten years earlier. As the fifteenth anniversary of the conference approaches, it seems appropriate to assess how lynching scholarship has developed over the last several decades, to measure the current strengths and weaknesses of the field, and to examine where future scholars might best direct their energies in grappling with the role of collective violence in the varied American regions where it took root during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. It is also an opportune moment to reflect on what the phenomenon of lynching—that is, informal group killing—can reveal about the historical processes of state, social identity, and cultural formation in the United States and in global cultures.1 I began studying American mob violence twelve years before the Emory conference; an undergraduate senior thesis on lynching in Missouri grew into a doctoral dissertation on the relationship of lynching to the criminal justice system across the United States. The flowering of lynching scholarship over the following decade could not have been fully anticipated in 1990, as the history of mob violence was obscured in relative oblivion. The

“Culture Programs,” Cultural Differences, Knowledge Resources, and Their Impacts on Learning Cultures in Transnational Enterprises in China

This contribution discusses selected basic theoretical principles and empirical results from my postdoctoral thesis (Robak, 2012a), which investigates the learning and educational processes of German-speaking expatriates in global enterprises in China. I start by showing that no adequately developed concepts for an integrated learning culture framework exist for transnational businesses. Next, I develop theoretic premises for accessing knowledge, learning processes, culture, and cultural differences, which form the input for an empirical analysis model. Examples of empirical results based on one typical analyzed type, the cosmopolitan nomads, are used to substantiate cultural hybrid formation processes, which influence working and learning processes and require support by transnational learning cultures.

Integrating geoarchaeology and magnetic susceptibility at three shell mounds: a pilot study from Mornington Island, Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia

In coastal areas of the globe, open shell matrix sites are commonly used to establish regional chronologies of human occupation and identify patterns of cultural change, particularly for the Holocene, post-sea-level stabilisation period. Despite this, many basic sedimentary analyses that are routinely applied to rockshelter deposits (e.g. geophysical characterisation, particle size etc) are rarely applied to these sites. Magnetic susceptibility, occasionally used in rockshelters, has never been used to investigate shell matrix sites in Australia, despite several international studies identifying its efficacy for other types of open sites. This paper reports a pilot project applying a range of conventional sedimentary and archaeological analyses, as well as magnetic susceptibility at three anthropogenic shell mounds on Mornington Island, Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia. Results are compared to, firstly, assess site integrity and, secondly, to ascertain whether magnetic signatures are related to cultural or natural site formation processes. The results establish that the mounds were repeatedly visited, despite the archaeological evidence, including radiocarbon ages, suggesting effectively ‘instantaneous’ deposition. This has important implications for studies of other shell mounds where the limitations of radiocarbon dating precision may also mask multiple deposition events.

Under the Boards: Archaeological Site Formation Processes at the Commissariat Store, Brisbane

The study of archaeological site formation processes, although routinely undertaken for prehistoric sites, is only carried out in historical archaeology in a limited way. Understanding the processes which formed the archaeological record of a site is an important first step towards developing justifiable inferences about past behavior and past societies regardless of the age of the site. This paper identifies and examines the cultural and non-cultural processes that formed the archaeological record at the Commissariat Store, Brisbane. The history of the site, from its construction in 1829 as part of the Moreton Bay penal settlement to the present, is examined and the expected impacts and processes on the archaeological record are identified. Archaeological evidence from the salvage excavation of the site undertaken in 1978 and 1979 is analyzed to identify the cultural and non-cultural site formation processes. This study identifies the presence of cultural formation processes including discard, loss, abandonment and re-use from an examination of the historical and archaeological evidence. Non-cultural formation processes at work in the site include faunalturbation, floralturbation, flooding, and aquaturbation.

「体育教師らしさ」を担う身体文化の形成過程：体育教師の身体論序説

The purpose of this paper is to clarify the formation process of body culture, i.e., gestures and behavior, of physical education teachers in Japan based on phenomenological body theory, and to present a theoretical basis for the most desirable “PE teacher identity”. It has been pointed out that PE teacher body culture has a variety of influences on students. However, how a teacher acquires body culture has never been sufficiently considered. Therefore the paper focuses on the phenomenological body theory that suggests the relationship between habits and the perceptual experience of body culture formation. The main points of discussion are as follows: Previous studies have shown that the image of the PE teacher as a coach has been well established, and that clarification of the process of body culture formation is warranted. In previous studies, the body culture of PE teachers has been discussed mainly in terms of ‘habitus’. However, it has not been clarified how individual PE teachers embody such a culture. Phenomenological body theory indicates that acquisition of habit involves reworking and renewal of the body schema through perception influenced by culture. Based on this, analysis of corporal punishment as a typical example of body culture in school athletic clubs can be used to clarify the model formation of PE teacher's body culture. PE teachers' thoughts and behavior are unconsciously formed as a “body schema” through experience of school athletic clubs where a coach's one-sided method of instruction is almost unconditionally accepted by students striving to acquire athletic success. In conclusion, “PE teacher identity” is formed on the basis of original body culture, and is embodied as a habit through unconscious processes. This is why PE teachers seldom notice their behavior, and thus do not change or improve it. It is only through a “body schema” and perceptual experience that a PE teacher's thoughts and behavior, “PE teacher identity”, can be reconstructed. The possibility of PE teacher body theory can be established on the basis of this viewpoint.

Pre-Clovis in Texas? A critical assessment of the “Buttermilk Creek Complex”

Lithic artifacts from the lowest strata of the Debra L. Friedkin site, located on Buttermilk Creek in central Texas, have been interpreted as an undisturbed pre-Clovis assemblage (Waters et al., 2011a). Stone tools and debitage were recovered from sediments stratified just below diagnostic Clovis artifacts and dated by OSL to between 13.2 and >15.5 cal kya. Invoking commonly observed cultural and natural site formation processes, we offer an alternative explanation of the “Buttermilk Creek Complex” as a Clovis assemblage in secondary association with the dated sediments.

Middle Palaeolithic human occupation of the high altitude region of Hovk-1, Armenia

Charting the timing of human occupation in the mountainous regions of the Caucasus during the Last Interglacial/Glacial periods is of particular interest to the understanding of past human adaptive and behavioural plasticity and capacity. In this paper we analyse palaeoenvironmental, faunal, and archaeological data gathered during 2006–2009 excavations of the Palaeolithic cave site of Hovk-1, Armenia, in order to address whether human presence in this cave correlates with episodes of mild climate and certain environmental and ecological conditions that were favourable to huminin occupation in such a region. In the second part of the paper we evaluate the implications of our results in understanding the nature of human presence in other mountainous regions such as the Alps and its potential implications for Palaeolithic research. Our analysis demonstrates that hominins occupied Hovk-1 Cave during milder climatic phases of the Last Interglacial sensu lato (MIS 5d-c) and Last Glacial (late MIS 4/early MIS 3) periods when the area surrounding the cave was an open meadow environment. The stratigraphic Units with noticeable traces of hominin occupation (Units 4, 5 & 8) contrast with others in the lack of cave bear fauna and suggest an inverse correlation between human and cave bear occupational phases in Hovk-1. We speculate that human groups visited this region to hunt specific prey species that prevailed in this habitat (such as the bezoar goat). However, the assemblages of large mammals from Hovk-1 do not provide any clear anthropogenic signal and therefore highlight the difficulty of teasing apart natural and cultural formation processes.

Tropologies of Tradition and (Post)modernity in Nwagwu's Forever Chimes

In his article "Tropologies of Tradition and (Post)modernity in Nwagwu's Forever Chimes" James Tar Tsaaior explores Mark Nwagu's novel and postulates that the author succeeds in constructing a novelistic universe both concrete and fluid in its re-invention or re-fabrication of cultural traditions and identity formation processes. This universe is simultaneously traditional/indigenous and (post)modern. However, rather than to delineate these cultural formations through difference as oppositional categories, Nwagu suggests grounds for multicultural interactions and transactions. In this cultural schema, none of the cultures claims exclusive preserve or pre-eminence over the other as what exists is a democratic space for the cultures to assert their energies as they thrive and co-exist in healthy communion.