Coordination Of Processes Research Articles

An undiscovered circadian clock to regulate phytoplankton photosynthesis

Abstract Circadian clocks exist in all types of organisms and coordinate key biological processes, e.g. photosynthesis in phytoplankton (microalgae) and land plants. We asked whether a circadian rhythm sustains in phytoplankton when living under constant illumination without environmental cues. Here, we report the first transcriptomic architecture of persistent oscillatory gene expression in the model marine diatom, Phaeodactylum tricornutum living under constant illumination and temperature without environmental cues. We show that cyclic expression of a considerable number of genes involved in light harvesting and carbon fixation sustained after 24 hours of constant illumination (free-running), which could pose additional constraints on cell growth under constant light conditions. Over long-term adaptation to constant illumination, the majority of the rhythmic genes identified under diel light conditions lose their oscillatory expression in the absence of external entrainers, and the genes potentially controlled by persistent circadian clocks are primarily involved in transcriptional regulation and cell division. We find constant illumination leads to an increased average expression of transcription factors and cell division genes, while genes involved in the Calvin-Benson cycle and pigment biosynthesis are kept at low expression levels, which plays a role in the down-regulation of photosynthetic efficiency. By manipulation of the dark rest period, we confirm a fine-tuned light/dark cycle could dramatically improve photosynthetic efficiency in microalgae. Our results unveil a novel persistent circadian rhythm on photosynthetic regulation in marine phytoplankton and provide critical insights into the interaction between environmental signals and inheritable internal circadian clocks in diatoms.

Real-Time Coordination and Communication Process for the Issuance of Emergency Ambulance Alerts

The lack of attention to emergency alerts in road accidents in a timely manner may be due to the lack of management of resources or the lack of communication between hospital and patrol departments. The purpose of this research is to reduce the management time to provide attention to requests on highways. An alert and resource management process is proposed. This process will allow sending the optimized information in the shortest possible time. The experimentation was worked with a set of test instances and simulated in the laboratory using mechatronic devices to show the communication, coordination and attention in real time. The results obtained were acceptable, it was possible to identify the alert to be included in the algorithm which must comply with the restrictions and subsequently calculate the optimal route to be followed by the mechatronic device to reach the request node for the attention of the distress alert.

Transcranial Direct-current Stimulation of the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Modulates Voluntary Task-order Coordination in Dual-task Situations.

Dual tasks (DTs) require additional control processes that temporally coordinate the processing of the two component tasks. Previous studies employing imaging as well as noninvasive stimulation techniques have demonstrated that the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) is causally involved in these task-order coordination processes. However, in these studies, participants were instructed to match their processing order to an externally provided and mandatory order criterion during DT processing. Hence, it is still unknown whether the dlPFC is also recruited for rather voluntary order control processes, which are required in situations that allow for intentional and internally generated order choices. To address this issue, in two experiments, we applied anodal (Experiment 1) and cathodal (Experiment 2) transcranial direct-current stimulation during a random-order DT in which participants could freely decide about their order of task processing. In our results, we found facilitatory and inhibitory effects on voluntary task-order coordination because of anodal and cathodal transcranial direct-current stimulation, respectively. This was indicated by shorter RTs when participants intentionally switched the task order relative to the preceding trial during anodal as well as a reduced tendency to switch the task order relative to the preceding trial during cathodal stimulation compared with the sham stimulation. Overall, these findings indicate that the dlPFC is also causally involved in voluntary task-order coordination processes. In particular, we argue that the dlPFC is recruited for intentionally updating and implementing task-order information that is necessary for scheduling the processing of two temporally overlapping tasks.

The Molecular Design of a Macrocycle Descaling Agent Based on Azacrown and the Mechanism of Barium Sulfate Scale Removal

The formation of barium sulfate scale is a persistent and formidable challenge across various industrial processes. In order to effectively mitigate this problem, this study proposed the development of an innovative azacrown ether-based macrocycle descaling agent. Using density functional theory, an in-depth analysis of the surface energy of different barium sulfate crystal facets was carried out, together with a detailed investigation into the adsorption properties of the functional groups on the (001) surface. A further comprehensive investigation was carried out to determine how changes in the nitrogen and oxygen atoms in the crown ether framework influence its adsorption affinity to barium ions. In addition, a detailed analysis was carried out to elucidate the molecular interactions between crown ethers with pyridine carboxylic acid side chains and barium sulfate. The newly developed decalcifying macrocycle descaling agent exhibited superior adsorption performance, achieving an adsorption energy for barium ions approximately −4.1512 ev higher than that of conventional DTPA decalcifiers. This remarkable improvement is mainly attributed to the pivotal role of electrostatic forces in the coordination process between the macrocycle descaling agent and barium ions, with an electrostatic potential value reaching −143.37 kcal/mol. This discovery not only introduces a novel approach to the removal of barium sulfate scale but also highlights the significant potential of macrocycle chemistry in industrial applications.

Physical Engagement in Face-to-Face Interaction Is Associated with Depressive Symptoms of Interaction Partners in the Workplace

Individuals develop interdependence through interactions. The process of physical coordination during face-to-face interactions facilitates relationship formation, emotional experiences, and emotional contagion. Workplaces inherently involve organic and continuous face-to-face interactions. Examining the interpersonal association between physical movement and emotional state among employees in the workplace is crucial for understanding an organization’s emotional dynamics. This study investigated the association between patterns of physical engagement during face-to-face interactions and depressive symptoms with those of interaction partners in a real-world workplace setting. The analysis utilized face-to-face interaction data from 449 employees across ten organizations, measured using wearable devices, along with a self-reported depression scale. The results showed that employees’ average physical engagement negatively correlated with the average depressive symptoms of their interaction partners, rather than their own. The association remained robust regardless of the number of relationships or workplace type. Furthermore, the depressive symptoms of individuals who had a significant influence on interpersonal relationships within organizations negatively correlated with their and their partner’s physical engagement. Our findings have important implications for the epidemiological understanding of organizational mental health in relation to face-to-face interactions among employees.

Can overarching rules and coordination in polycentric governance help achieve pre‐identified institutional goals over time? Evidence from farmland governance in southeastern France

AbstractThe question of the performance of polycentric governance over time is insufficiently addressed in the literature. By performance, we refer to the ability of polycentric governance actors to design rules and engage in coordination processes that allow them to achieve their goals. Through an institutional analysis, this paper seeks to answer a question that remains unresolved in the field, namely the effectiveness of the overarching set of rules and coordination relationships in their ability to drive institutional and organizational change in polycentric governance processes. To this end, we conduct an in‐depth case study of farmland governance in southeastern France. Through the attributes of polycentric governance, we examine the changes brought about by the goal of local food supply comparing it with other historical goals such as farmland preservation. We show that farmland governance is characterized by an institutional mismatch that prevents its actors from moving closer to the objective of local food supply. We argue that the evolution of farmland governance comes down to organizational change that does not lead to an evolution of rules‐in‐use. We discuss this result in light of the findings of the literature on polycentric governance and its implications for public policy.

LocustLens: leveraging environmental data fusion and machine learning for desert locust swarm prediction

The desert locust is one of the most destructive locusts recorded in human history, and it has caused significant food shortages, monetary losses, and environmental calamities. Prediction of locust attacks is complicated as it depends on various environmental and geographical factors. This research aims to develop a machine-learning model for predicting desert locust attacks in 42 countries that considers three predictors: soil moisture, maximum temperature, and precipitation. We developed the Global Locust Attack Database for 42 countries (GLAD42) by integrating TerraClimate’s environmental data with locust swarm attack data from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). To improve the usability of spatial data, reverse geocoding which is the process of converting geographic coordinates (longitude and latitude) into human-readable location names (such as countries and regions) was employed. This step enhances the clarity and interpretability of the data by providing meaningful geographic context. This study’s initial dataset focused on instances where locust attacks were recorded (positive class). To ensure a comprehensive analysis, we also incorporated negative class instances, representing periods (specific years and months) in the same countries and regions where locust attacks did not occur. This research utilizes the benefits of lazy learners by employing the K-nearest neighbor algorithm (K-NN), which provides high accuracy and the benefit of no time-consuming retraining even if real-time updated data is periodically added to the system. This research also focuses on building an eco-friendly machine learning model by evaluating carbon emissions from ML models. The results obtained from LocustLens are compared with other machine learning models, including baseline–K-NN, decision trees (DT), Logistic regression (LR), AdaBoost Classifier, BaggingClassifier, and support vector classifier (SVC). LocustLens outperformed all competitors with an accuracy of 98%, while baseline-K-NN achieved 96%, SVC gave 91%, DT gave 97%, AdaBoost has accuracy of 91%, BaggingClassifier gave 94% and LR gave 83%, respectively. Carbon emissions from RAM and CPU electricity consumption are measured in kg gCO2. They are a minimum for AdaBoost Classifier equal to 0.02 and 0.07 for DT and a maximum of 9.03 for SVC. The carbon footprint of LocustLens is 4.87 kg gCO2.

Identifying Levers for Change in Healthcare Coordination Between the Emergency Youth Shelter and Health Systems in Toronto, Canada Through Stakeholder Engagement: A Qualitative Study

Background: Healthcare coordination involves supporting youth experiencing homelessness (YEH) with accessing appropriate healthcare; synchronizing delivery of their healthcare across multiple systems; sharing healthcare and discharge plans with youth and providers who fall under their ‘circle of care;’ and coordinating post-care follow-up as necessary. Challenges with coordinating healthcare within and between the emergency youth shelter (EYS) and health systems include poor accountability for healthcare coordination across systems; information-sharing and privacy policies inhibiting communication between sectoral staff; inconsistencies in system-based and organizational norms, operations, and funding; and each system’s historically fragmented structure. Methods: We used a system thinking framework to identify levers for change in healthcare coordination within and between the EYS and health systems in Toronto, Canada. Six stakeholders who work at various levels of each system participated in online breakout room discussions as part of a two-hour forum facilitated by our research team. A series of four questions were asked to identify levers for change in system parts and system patterns in healthcare coordination within and between the EYS and health systems. Breakout room discussions were recorded, transcribed, and co-analyzed by the research team using reflexive thematic analysis for each question. Results: Organizational and system-wide goals discussed to strengthen healthcare coordination include clarifying accountability in staff roles, revisiting discharge policies to improve continuity of care, prioritizing funding for programs evaluated to be effective, establishing more opportunities for system cross over, enhancing accessibility for YEH, integrating social medicine into healthcare approaches, and streamlining health communication across both systems. When asked about what is realistically possible, stakeholders were optimistic about enhancing information-sharing through digital health platforms, adapting organizational policies to consider the holistic needs of YEH, and dispersing funds more intentionally to support coordination initiatives. Furthermore, poor staff-youth relations, harmful discharge policies and the Toronto housing crisis were noted as patterns impeding meaningful change in coordinating healthcare. Finally, stakeholders identified systems integration and alignment of well-defined healthcare coordination processes across systems to harmonize efforts in achieving healthcare coordination goals. Conclusions: Stakeholder forum participants discussed promising levers for change that are recommended to strengthen parts of the EYS and health systems along with patterns that influence healthcare coordination between them.

Stress granules and organelles: Coordinating cellular responses in health and disease.

Membrane-bound organelles and membraneless organelles (MLOs) coordinate various biological processes within eukaryotic cells. Among these, stress granules (SGs) are significant cytoplasmic MLOs that form in response to cellular stress, exhibiting liquid-like properties alongside stable substructures. SGs interact with diverse organelles, thereby influencing cellular pathways that are critical in both health and disease contexts. This review discusses the interplay between SGs and organelles and explores the methodologies employed to analyze interactions between SGs and other MLOs. Furthermore, it highlights the pivotal roles SGs play in regulating cellular responses and the pathogenesis of ALS. Gaining insights into these interactions is essential for deciphering the mechanisms underlying both physiological processes and pathological conditions.

Методический подход к согласованию стратегических приоритетов государственной региональной политики развития старопромышленных регионов Российской Федерации

The formation of strategic priorities of the state regional policy for the development of old-industrial regions is complicated by the multiplicity of its actors and the need to coordinate spatial and sectoral priorities of regulatory impact. The article presents a methodological approach to coordinating the priorities of spatial and sectoral development of old industrial regions in the format of a scheme reflecting the logic and sequence of actions aimed at achieving strategic goals of regional development in accordance with the strategic national priorities of the Russian Federation. The methodological approach was tested on the example of the Saratov region, one of the old industrial regions of Russia with growth potential within the framework of the industrial development model. The necessity of using two approaches in the coordination process is justified: the first should be used to achieve the strategic priorities of the federal Center in a coordinated manner, on the one hand, and the old industrial regions and enterprises and organizations of the "industrial core", on the other (coordination "vertically"); the second — in order to coordinate the regional priorities of spatial and sectoral development of the old industrial region (horizontal alignment). Proposals are presented for the formation of a list of agreed priorities for the spatial and sectoral development of the Saratov region, the implementation of which will contribute to the transformation of the region into a point of growth of the national economy of Russia.

Study on the adsorption mechanism of ciprofloxacin in wastewater by modified fly ash under the coexistence of copper

The recontamination of farming wastewater with antibiotics and metal ions has emerged as a considerable concern in recent years. In this study, fly ash (FA) served as the adsorbent material, and its modified form (AFA) was developed via response surface optimization. The study involved an analysis of the structure and chemical composition of the fly ash before and after modification, both pre- and post-modification, through the use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analyses. These analyses were aimed at exploring the adsorption mechanism of ciprofloxacin (CIP) in the presence of copper ion (Cu2+) in livestock and poultry wastewater. The study indicates that the optimal modification parameters for AFA include an alkali-to-ash ratio of 1.5, a calcination temperature of 400 °C, and a 3-hour calcination period. At pH 6, AFA exhibited a markedly superior adsorption capacity for CIP in comparison to FA, with AFA achieving 19.32 mg/g and FA only 9.61 mg/g. The adsorption process conforms to the quasi-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isothermal model.The adsorption capacity for CIP increases at low concentrations, specifically when Cu2+ levels are below 100 mg/L. Nevertheless, elevated CIP concentrations impede the adsorption process. The adsorption of AFA for CIP is observed to decrease with rising temperature, in contrast to the adsorption of Cu2+, which increases as the temperature rises. The adsorption mechanism of AFA is primarily comprised of pore filling, ion exchange, electrostatic interaction, π bond coordination, complexation, and other similar processes.

Comparing laboratory and online settings: equivalence in training and transfer effects for training task-order coordination processes.

The literature on dual-task training suggests reductions in task-coordination costs with extensive practice, yet such regimens are resource-intensive. This study investigates the feasibility of online assessments for cognitive training studies by comparing training and transfer effects on task-order coordination (TOC) skills in laboratory versus online settings. We conducted a 5-day training regimen including pre-and post-test. Sixty-two participants completed training either in our laboratory or online via Pavlovia. They were assigned to one of two training order conditions, either practicing two visual-manual tasks in a dual-task situation with fixed task order or with random task order. Performance metrics included reaction time (RT) and error rates for trained and untrained tasks to assess TOC costs before and after the training. Data from both setting conditions (laboratory vs. online) were compared. Firstly, data of both settings revealed training-order specific training and transfer effects for TOC costs on RT level. Random task order training improved TOC for trained and untrained tasks, whereas fixed order training did not. Secondly, cross-setting analyses, both frequentists and Bayesian, confirmed these effects and revealed no reliable impact of setting on outcomes. This research carries two significant implications. Our findings demonstrate the acquisition of task-order coordination skills, extending prior research on improving task-coordination in dual-task situations. Additionally, the robust effects for such improvements were independent of specific tasks and setting (whether investigated online or in the laboratory), supporting the use of online testing in cognitive training regimens for resource savings without compromising quality.

Challenging and encouraging halal certification in handicraft MSMEs

Halal certification, a crucial aspect of the halal product industry in Indonesia, is mandatory for food and beverage products. However, awareness and understanding of halal certification remain low among Handicraft MSMEs (Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises). This research explores the perceptions, understanding, awareness, and challenges Handicraft MSMEs face regarding halal certification. A qualitative approach with semi-structured interviews was employed as the data collection method, followed by NVivo software analysis. The results indicate that Handicraft MSMEs lack an understanding of the importance of halal certification and are unaware of the obligations and procedures involved. We identified insufficient socialization as a significant obstacle, underscoring the urgent need for more awareness campaigns and educational programs. The complexity of the certification process and lack of coordination among halal institutions are also significant obstacles. This research provides profound insights into the challenges and opportunities in implementing halal certification for Handicraft MSMEs, emphasizing the crucial role of the government in promoting and facilitating halal certification implementation for Handicraft MSMEs to support growth and competitiveness in the market. Keywords: Halal certification, Handicraft MSMEs, NVivo

Strategy for optimizing outpatient access for chronic patients in a health insurance company

ABSTRACT The last decades have been marked by significant population transformations in several nations. The demographic transition, resulting from the significant reduction in birth rates and the increase in life expectancy, has resulted in a further ageing population. Knowing how to prioritize and optimize the allocation of resources becomes, therefore, a prerequisite for managers decision-making. Strategies that reduce hospital costs while improving the quality of care are essential for the sector, mainly because they allow integrated processes and greater accessibility to users. Proximity and ease of access to health services are essential to ensure continuity of care and improve patient engagement with suggested treatment. The objective of this article is to demonstrate a viable solution for the allocation of chronic patients in the outpatient units of a Brazilian health insurance company in a regionalized manner and based on a set of criteria and restrictions. The study used Integer Programming, an optimization technique of Operations Research, to determine the outpatient units. As a result, it was possible to identify and suggest practical improvements in the care coordination process, offering a concrete contribution to the effectiveness and operational efficiency of the decision-making process.

Synthesis and characterizations of a novel trans-Pd(O,N)2 complex with an AZO-dye ligand: Crystal structure, theoretical studies and DNA binding interactions

The transition metal-azo dye complexes have attracted attention in both fundamental and applied research due to their electronic and structural properties, particularly due to their potential to yield new compounds with diverse biological activities and anticancer agents. A novel square planar-trans-Pd(O,N)2 was synthesized with a high yield utilizing a one-pot approach employing (E)-methyl 2-((2-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl)diazenyl)benzoate as the AZO-dye ligand. In order to analyze their structure and understand their properties. The desired complex was characterized using FT-IR, UV–Vis, NMR, and CHN-EA techniques. Subsequently, theoretical modeling of the complex was performed using MEP/MAC/NPA methodologies. Two methodologies were employed to monitor the coordination process of AZO-ligand with Pd(II): UV–Vis absorption and FT-IR spectrum analysis. The TD-DFT and DFT/IR behaviors were simultaneously assessed to compare the experimental results with theoretical predictions. Furthermore, both SC-XRD and DFT analysis demonstrated that the deprotonated phenolic diazene form of the AZO-ligand attached to the Pd(II) center by utilizing one nitrogen atom of the AZO-ligand and the ionic oxygen of the phenol. The SC-XRD analysis verified the presence of a slightly distorted square-planar geometry around the PdII center in the neutral trans-Pd(O,N)2 complex. All of the oxygen atoms in the complex participated in non-classical C-H….O hydrogen bonding, leading to the formation of novel edge-fused rings R22(24) and R22(12) synthons. These synthons create a 3D-network with a linked parallel matrix. Interestingly, Hirshfeld surface analysis (HSA) stimulation revealed many hot sites on the complex surface, confirming the formation of strong non-classical [C-H....O] interactions. From the observed docking behavior with the DNA, it can be concluded that the trans-Pd(O,N)2 showed superior binding compared to the free AZO-ligand. The results of this work are a contribution to the study of this class of metal complexes and their physicochemical properties and offer promising perspectives for the realization of new works.

Deliberate synchronization of speech and gesture: effects of neurodiversity and development

Abstract The production of speech and gesture is exquisitely temporally coordinated. In autistic individuals, speech-gesture synchrony during spontaneous discourse is disrupted. To evaluate whether this asynchrony reflects motor coordination versus language production processes, the current study examined deliberately performed hand movements during speech in youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared to neurotypical youth. Neurotypical adult performance provided a mature baseline. Participants read aloud rhythmic nursery rhymes, while producing a beat-like hand movement. An automated pixel-change video measure identified kinematic peaks; using smoothed acoustic envelope analyses, we identified peaks in speech. Results indicated few diagnostic group differences in explicit speech-movement coordination, although adolescent performance differed from adults. Adults demonstrated higher tempo and greater rhythmicity in their coordination; this group difference suggests that the method is sufficiently subtle to reveal individual differences and that this form of complex coordination undergoes ongoing maturation beyond adolescence. The sample is small, and thus results are necessarily preliminary. In the context of prior speech-gesture coordination studies, these findings of intact synchrony are consistent with the hypothesis that it is the demands of discourse planning, rather than motor coordination, that have led to prior findings of asynchrony during spontaneous speech; this possibility awaits future research.

Coordination of Renewable Energy Integration and Peak Shaving through Evolutionary Game Theory

This paper presents a novel approach to optimizing the coordination between renewable energy generation enterprises and power grid companies using evolutionary game theory. The research focuses on resolving conflicts and distributing benefits between these key stakeholders in the context of large-scale renewable energy integration. A theoretical model based on replicator dynamics is developed to simulate and analyze the evolutionary stable strategies of power generation enterprises and grid companies with particular emphasis on peak shaving services and electricity bidding. These simulations are based on theoretical models and do not incorporate real-world data directly, but they aim to replicate scenarios that reflect realistic behaviors within the electricity market. The model is validated through dynamic simulation under various scenarios, demonstrating that the final strategic choices of both thermal power and renewable energy enterprises tend to evolve towards either high-price or low-price bidding strategies, significantly influenced by initial system parameters. Additionally, this study explores how the introduction of peak shaving compensation affects the coordination process and stability of renewable energy integration, providing insights into improving grid efficiency and enhancing renewable energy adoption. Although the results are simulation-based, they are designed to offer practical recommendations for grid management and policy development, particularly for the integration of renewable energies such as wind power in competitive electricity markets. The findings suggest that effective government regulation, alongside well-designed compensation mechanisms, can help establish a balanced interest distribution between stakeholders. By offering a clear framework for analyzing the dynamics of renewable energy integration, this work provides valuable policy recommendations to promote cooperation and stability in electricity markets. This study contributes to the understanding of the complex interactions in the electricity market and offers practical solutions for enhancing the integration of renewable energy into the grid.

Single-strand DNA-binding protein suppresses illegitimate recombination in Escherichia coli, acting in synergy with RecQ helicase

Single-strand DNA-binding proteins SSB/RPA are ubiquitous and essential proteins that bind ssDNA in bacteria/eukaryotes and coordinate DNA metabolic processes such as replication, repair, and recombination. SSB protects ssDNA from degradation by nucleases, while also facilitating/regulating the activity of multiple partner proteins involved in DNA processes. Using Spi− assay, which detects aberrantly excised λ prophage from the E. coli chromosome as a measure of illegitimate recombination (IR) occurrence, we have shown that SSB inhibits IR in several DSB resection pathways. The conditional ssb-1 mutation produced a higher IR increase at the nonpermissive temperature than the recQ inactivation. A double ssb-1 recQ mutant had an even higher level of IR, while showing reduced homologous recombination (HR). Remarkably, the ssb gene overexpression complemented recQ deficiency in suppressing IR, indicating that the SSB function is epistatic to RecQ. Overproduced truncated SSBΔC8 protein, which binds to ssDNA, but does not interact with partner proteins, only partially complemented recQ and ssb-1 mutations, while causing an IR increase in otherwise wild-type bacteria, suggesting that ssDNA binding of SSB is required but not sufficient for effective IR inhibition, which rather entails interaction with RecQ and likely some other protein(s). Our results depict SSB as the main genome caretaker in E. coli, which facilitates HR while inhibiting IR. In enabling high-fidelity DSB repair under physiological conditions SSB is assisted by RecQ helicase, whose activity it controls. Conversely, an excess of SSB renders RecQ redundant for IR suppression.

Trade-offs in Coordination Strategies for Duet Jazz Performances Subject to Network Delay and Jitter

Coordination between participants is a necessary foundation for successful human interaction. This is especially true in group musical performances, where action must often be temporally coordinated between the members of an ensemble for their performance to be effective. Networked mediation can disrupt this coordination process by introducing a delay between when a musical sound is produced and when it is received. This can result in significant deteriorations in synchrony and stability between performers. Here we show that five duos of professional jazz musicians adopt diverse strategies when confronted by the difficulties of coordinating performances over a network—difficulties that are not exclusive to networked performance but are also present in other situations (such as when coordinating performances over large physical spaces). What appear to be two alternatives involve: 1) one musician being led by the other, tracking the timings of the leader’s performance; or 2) both musicians accommodating to each other, mutually adapting their timing. During networked performance, these two strategies favor different sides of the trade-off between, respectively, tempo synchrony and stability; in the absence of delay, both achieve similar outcomes. Our research highlights how remoteness presents new complexities and challenges to successful interaction.

2024년 의료정책을 둘러싼 제문제에 관한 소고

Collective action, such as strikes in the medical community, has been a social problem that has occurred countless times around the world in various causes and methods. Since human history is based on health, the medical community that has a great relevance to it is surrounded by complex and wide-ranging issues. In the case of the Korean medical community, a small collective action since the 1950s and a huge collective action called the four major doctor strikes since the 2000s have led to a serious health care disaster crisis called a medical chaos. This is the result of insufficient initial responses that overlooked the inadequacies of legal and appropriate solutions and the possibility of enormous social waves. The national crisis caused by the collective action against the promotion of medical policies currently facing must now be fundamentally resolved. Until now, the legitimacy of this collective action in the medical community has been controversial. Doctors may have different interpretations of their legal status depending on individual business owners, workers, and trainees, so their legality as an act of labor dispute may also change. However, if it is directly related to the people's health rights and causes serious violations of life and health, the legitimacy cannot be recognized even if it is any legal method. However, the profession of doctors is also part of the people whose basic rights should not be violated by excessive ethical obligations. Therefore, it is not acceptable to cause a medical gap, maintain an emotional confrontation with the government, lack of willingness to actively consult, or unfair behavior for internal unity, but the government also cannot avoid criticism that it is not mature, with many problems of content, procedures, processes and law in promoting policies, and emotional confrontation with the medical community. The confrontation between the government and the medical community is also a question of the legitimacy of actions based on rights and authority, but regardless, it must be responsible for recovering significant inconveniences to the public health environment due to defects in methods and procedures of realization, which must be fulfilled as an ethical obligation as well as legal and policy. Therefore, we need to make a compromise on the policy content, such as adjusting an increase in medical students and a medical fee for this situation, and introduce various systems to supplement this. ln the process of such compromise and coordination, procedural laws or consultation procedures should be prepared, and furthermore, it is emphasized that legalization of positions, procedures, and special cases that can clearly bear the responsibility for the results is necessary while clarifying legal status.