Constitutional Process Research Articles

Health in Chile's Recent Constitutional Process: A Qualitative Thematic Analysis of Civil Proposals.

(1) Background: In response to the recent political crisis in Chile, the "Agreement for Social Peace and the New Constitution'' was approved. We aimed to analyze the health-related civil proposals uploaded to the official website for popular participation in the new constitution in Chile. (2) Methods: We carried out a qualitative thematic analysis of 126 health-related valid proposals. Moreover, we analyzed their link to the Health Goals 2030, established by the Ministry of Health of Chile and to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). (3) Results: Sixteen main categories were reached. In all, they were organized into four main areas: (i) the right to health and the establishment of a universal health system; (ii) effective access to selected healthcare services; (iii) improving health outcomes for all and for the relevant subgroups; and (iv) the social determinants of health, health in all the policies, and community health. We found that these four areas were strongly linked to the Health Goals 2030 for Chile and to the SDGs. (4) Conclusions: Despite the fact that the new constitutional proposal was rejected in September 2022, the civil health-related proposals and the areas of health and healthcare were of interest to the citizens as the request showed a strong demand from the population for participation in matters of health, healthcare, and public health.

The Environment and its Protection as Fundamental Principle of the Italian Constitution: A Constitutional Innovation that Looks to Future Generations?

This article deals with two innovative aspects of Italian Constitutional Law. Firstly, the revision made by constitutional law no. 1/2022 that introduced (in art. 9 and 41 of the Italian Constitution) the principle according to which the Republic protects the environment, biodiversity, and ecosystems in the interest of future generations. Secondly, this article points out a recent trend in the constitutional reform process in Italy, particularly in the XVIII Legislature, that constitutional reforms are increasingly being implemented through specific/sectoral amendments. Apart from characterizing the indicated innovations, I also draw attention to their minor systemic consequences.

The Fertility of Argentine Women as a Problem of Demography in the 1960s

In this paper we analyze the reformulation of the central problems of the Argentinian demography in the 1960 in Argentina. This was a significant shift from an approach preoccupied with the inequity that would produce labor shortages, race decline and depopulation of the country, to a new one, which would put at the center of the fertility studies scene, the complexity that surrounds the processes of constitution of the offspring according to the conjugal and reproductive history of women, their social position, knowledge and use of contraceptives methods, and their educational and labor achievements. We will also show that this approach was limited and interrupted by the cycles of political instability typical of Argentina in the second half of the twentieth century.

Evaluasi Proses Amendemen Undang-Undang Dasar Tahun 1945: Perspektif Habermasian

This article evaluates the amendment process of the 1945 Constitution conducted by the MPR from 1999 to 2002. The theoretical framework used is Jürgen Habermas’s theory of law and democracy. By employing an expositive-critical-reconstructive approach, this article argues the amendment of the 1945 Constitution was inclusive but not participatory because the process was more dominated by the MPR and it did not include the active participation of ordinary citizens, including civil society groups, the mass media, and radical groups in the society. The remedy to this problem is for the MPR to institutionalize ideal conditions of deliberative democracy that grant publicity, transparency, civic participation, and rational communication between the executive body and citizens in every phase of the constitutional amendment process.

Constitutive model and processing maps of 7055 aluminum alloy used for fasteners

The hot deformation behavior of an annealed 7055 aluminum alloy was investigated by isothermal compression tests over the temperatures range of 250–450 °C and strain rates range of 0.001–10 s−1. The true stress-strain curves were obtained by applying friction and temperature corrections to experimental data. Based on the corrected curves, a sixth-order polynomial Arrhenius-type constitutive equation is established to represent the material characteristic constants. To investigate the workability of this material, processing maps representing the power dissipation capacity with examining various strains were created. According to the processing maps and examination of microstructures, the recommended processing parameters were within the temperatures range of 300–400 ℃ and strain rates range of 10−1.5-1 s−1, a good workability and uniformly deformed grains can be obtained under this condition. The preponderant softening mechanism is DRV (dynamic recovery) over all the recommended deformation parameter domains, but the effect of DRX (dynamic recrystallization) is enhanced in regions of low strain rate and high temperature deformation.

Hot deformation characteristics and dynamic recrystallization of biomedical CoCrWCu alloy

In order to explore the dynamic recrystallization of biomedical CoCrW-2Cu alloy, the hot deformation behavior was investigated by isothermal compression tests. True stress-true strain curves showed that the true stress increased with increasing strain rate or decreasing deformation temperature. Meanwhile, obvious dynamic softening was observed. The constitutive equation and processing maps were constructed to elucidate the relationship between true stress and deformation parameter. The phase component and microstructure were investigated to reveal the relationship between microstructure evolution and deformation condition, which was beneficial to the optimization of the hot deformation parameter. The variation of deformation condition has a limited influence on the phase component. The strain rate has a significant influence on the extent of recrystallization. An obviously discontinuous dynamic recrystallization (DDRX) process was occurred in this study. Furthermore, the extent of dynamic recrystallization (DRX) of sample deformed at 1100 °C/0.01 s -1 was the highest. Negative value of efficiency of power dissipation could be found in the top left corner of processing maps, while high value of efficiency of power dissipation was observed in the region with high temperature and low strain rate. The processing maps predicted that the optimized deformation parameters were 1100~1150 °C and 0.01~0.1 s -1 .

Genetic variation and microbiota in bumble bees cross-infected by different strains of C. bombi.

The bumblebee Bombus terrestris is commonly infected by a trypanosomatid gut parasite Crithidia bombi. This system shows a striking degree of genetic specificity where host genotypes are susceptible to different genotypes of parasite. To a degree, variation in host gene expression underlies these differences, however, the effects of standing genetic variation has not yet been explored. Here we report on an extensive experiment where workers of twenty colonies of B. terrestris were each infected by one of twenty strains of C. bombi. To elucidate the host's genetic bases of susceptibility to infection (measured as infection intensity), we used a low-coverage (~2 x) genome-wide association study (GWAS), based on angsd, and a standard high-coverage (~15x) GWAS (with a reduced set from a 8 x 8 interaction matrix, selected from the full set of twenty). The results from the low-coverage approach remained ambiguous. The high-coverage approach suggested potentially relevant genetic variation in cell surface and adhesion processes. In particular, mucin, a surface mucoglycoprotein, potentially affecting parasite binding to the host gut epithelia, emerged as a candidate. Sequencing the gut microbial community of the same bees showed that the abundance of bacterial taxa, such as Gilliamella, Snodgrassella, or Lactobacillus, differed between 'susceptible' and 'resistant' microbiota, in line with earlier studies. Our study suggests that the constitutive microbiota and binding processes at the cell surface are candidates to affect infection intensity after the first response (captured by gene expression) has run its course. We also note that a low-coverage approach may not be powerful enough to analyse such complex traits. Furthermore, testing large interactions matrices (as with the full 20 x 20 combinations) for the effect of interaction terms on infection intensity seems to blur the specific host x parasite interaction effects, likely because the outcome of an infection is a highly non-linear process dominated by variation in individually different pathways of host defence (immune) responses.

Allocation of Certain Types of Administrative Proceedings

Statement of the problem. The process of constitutionalization of administrative and administrative procedural law is actively underway in the Russian Federation. It involves the differentiation of administrative and administrative-procedural legislation, as well as the formation of administrative-procedural procedures implemented in judicial and extrajudicial procedures. This requires a reasonable separation of administrative proceedings from other types of legal proceedings. Insufficiently consistent solution of this problem leads to inconsistency and vagueness of judicial practice, as well as ambiguity of acts of judicial interpretation. Goals and objectives of the study. The purpose of the work is to identify the specifics of administrative proceedings in the Russian Federation, which would allow it to be clearly distinguished from other types of proceedings. This requires solving the tasks of analyzing the current legislation and judicial practice, identifying the specific functions of administrative proceedings, determining the connection of administrative proceedings with extrajudicial administrative proceedings. Methods. The study used systematic, logical, formal and legal methods. Results, brief conclusions. According to the results of the study, conclusions were drawn about the fact of the public-legal nature of the process of resolving administrative cases, their fundamental difference from civil cases. The ways of improving procedural legislation that can have a positive impact on the development of administrative proceedings in Russia are also noted.

Disasters in the Anthropocene: a storm in a teacup?

Dramatic alterations to the natural environment due to human activity have produced a permanent rupture in the Earth system; the relative stable epoch of the Holocene has given way to a volatile Anthropocene. Acceptance of these claims means that we now live in this altered physical reality, inviting us to rethink how we conceptualise disasters. Yet, disaster scholars have been hesitant to apply the Anthropocene label and to acknowledge the profound changes that it can bring to the study of disasters. This paper queries whether this label is a necessary adage or unnecessary baggage for disaster studies by examining the possibilities and the challenges associated with engaging with the Anthropocene. An analysis of the concepts, causes, and consequences of disasters reveals how the Anthropocene provides, as the very least, a theoretical heuristic for challenging linear temporal assumptions, the epistemological status of uncertainty, and the location of agency in disaster studies.

The legal nature of evidence in the international doctrine of constitutional law

The article is devoted to relevant, but understudied issues related to the formation of the evidence base in the doctrine of constitutional law. Legitimation of the constitutional process by evidence can be successful regardless of the goal preferred by the subjects of the constitution. If constitutional design prioritizes the goal of substantive legitimacy, it legitimizes the broad powers of the constitutional judge through the need to maximize the evidence gathered. If, on the contrary, the constitutional design gives priority to the goal of procedural legitimacy, it legitimizes the function of the constitutional judge through the development of a fair procedure of proof. In this way, the outcome of the trial can more easily gain the approval of the community and strengthen confidence in the functioning of constitutional justice. The fundamental right to evidence is constitutionally protected to the extent that it is implicit in the right to due process. The author pays special attention to the definition of the content of the concept of proof in the constitutional judicial process based on the analysis of the norms of international constitutional law, which are characterized by the presence of a set of certain methods of cognition, that is, scientifically determined and practically tested rational methods or a system of methods of obtaining the necessary amount of knowledge for making an objective and well-founded decision. Evidence in a judicial constitutional process should be understood as a certain process of learning by the subjects of this process — judges and the apparatus of constitutional jurisdiction as a whole, which is implemented as the collection, verification and evaluation of evidence. In this extremely complex intellectual process, proof plays an important role as a logical action during which the truth of an opinion or position is substantiated and established.
 As a result of working on this topic, the author investigated and highlighted two discourses on procedural legitimation. In the first case, legitimization is the result of a test procedure check that takes place before an ordinary judge. In the second case, legitimation is the result of the absence of a complex procedure of proof before a constitutional judge.

Inclusiveness of creation process of constitution in Georgia

It is very difficult and practically impossible to create the best and most complete constitution. The Constitution is a document created by humans and not by the gods, and just like its creators, this document itself cannot be perfect. There are undemocratically adopted constitutions in the world, but there are no authoritarian constitutions adopted democratically. However, the conditions for drafting and adopting the Constitution can have a great impact on the content of the Constitution.
 Constitution is a legal act or set of legal acts adopted by a supreme body of state power or through a referendum, has the highest legal force and regulates the foundations of the organization of society and the state, the basic principles of the relationship between the individual and the state. Both the concept of the Constitution and the history of its development clearly show its special importance in the preservation and development of the state and society.
 The aim of the presented article is to review the process of creation of Constitution in Georgia, to study the main specifics and obstacles during the process and to analyze the results which has a direct influence on Political, Economic and Social development of State.
 The main methodology used during the research is desk research using historical and legal analysis of the given situation in1990s in Georgia, the challenges that Georgia has after the independence and the main basis and fundamentals for further development of Georgian Constitutionalism.
 Based on research study, authors have identified the main issues that were left out from the content of constitution, that are not only important for democratic states, but has the main influence on creation of democratic governance in country. One of the mentioned issues is the defining of Territorial Structure, which is of vital importance for Georgia. The final part of the article is concentrated on the steps that should be taken for the discussion of issues concerning territorial structure, including the different ethnic groups in the debate for solving current left out, but important issues within the constitution.

Phenomenology and the Digital World: Problems and Perspectives

The last years’ achievements in neuroscience are key for a philosophical analysis focused on the mind-body problem, such as the phenomenological approach.The digital evolution, on the one hand, faces us with the interaction between the world of reality and the world of possibility. This means more than a mere coexistence between these two dimensions. Rather, a concrete feedback occurs among them, and this brings out unprecedented and unavoidable issues with regard to perceptual processes. On the other hand, the digital evolution allows for analyzing data and monitoring environmental systems, thus reasoning in a predictive way, anticipating problems, and checking ex ante their evolution and outcomes.Neuroscience, for its part, with the experiments of Libet and their subsequent interpretations, has highlighted a consciousness of the unconscious made of ballistic and automatic processes, which constitutes the starting phase of our decisions and actions. This further confirmed that sequential and linear thinking is unable to address the brain-environment relationship that is key in understanding any cognitive process.This analysis confirms the relevance of different aspects of Husserl’s phenomenology. There is, however, a “but,” which significantly reduces the extent of adherence to his point of view. Husserl assumed that an implicit horizon precedes or accompanies the acts of conscience. This is the material, impressional, passive, receptive, and, in some way, tacit dimension, strictly connected to the issue of genesis, i.e. the process of constitution of the analyzed entities. Thus, he drew a clear dividing line between this dimension and the phases of the self-controlling, vigilant conscience and its activity. In fact, his approach to the phenomenological problem is mainly oriented toward these phases.

Kinesthesia and Temporal Experience: On the 'Knitting and Unknitting' Process of Bodily Subjectivity in Schizophrenia.

This paper proposes a phenomenological hypothesis that psychosis entails a disturbance of the two-fold process of the indication function of kinesthesia and the presentification function of touch that affects the constitution of bodily subjectivity. Recent functional connectivity studies showed that the increased synchrony between the right anterior insula and the default mode network are associated with psychosis. This association is proposed to be correlated with the disrupted dynamics between the pre-reflective and reflective temporal experience in psychotic patients. The paper first examines the dynamic nature of kinesthesia and the influence touch and vision exert on it, and then the reciprocal influence with temporal experience focusing on the body's cyclic sense of temporality and its impact on physiology and phenomenology. Affectivity and self-affection are considered in their basic bodily expressions mainly through the concepts of responsivity and receptivity. The overall constitutive processes referred to throughout the article are proposed as a roadmap to develop body-based therapeutic work.

The Role and Place of the Opposition in the Political System of Switzerland

The article considers the role and the way of functioning of the opposition in the political system of the Swiss Confederation.It is shown that the absence of an opposition in the political life of the country in the traditional sense is explained by the agreement or concordance between the main political forces, drawn up officially in the form of the so-called “magic formula”. A federal government functioning according to this principle in combination with a well-developed mechanism of direct, or more precisely, semi-direct referendum democracy: on the one hand, it allows the effective implementation of the constitutional right of citizens to participate in the political life of the country, and on the other hand, it allows to avoid permanent parliamentary and governmental crises. Particular attention is paid to the Swiss People’s Party, a powerful political force that has consistently achieved high results in parliamentary elections over the past ten years and has every right to consider itself as opposition party. In this connection, the author raises the question of the possibility of using the political system existing today in Switzerland, and, even more so, the way the opposition functions, as a model for other countries? The publication reveals in detail how the institution of direct democracy works in practice. It is emphasized that the people’s initiative and the referendum give the citizen the opportunity to constantly influence the constitutional process in the state and bring projects developed by the government to the people’s court. Frequent appeals to voters in this way forces society to constantly worry about topical political issues. At the same time, large authoritative parties use this right less often than small social organizations or extra-parliamentary opposition groups. In addition, the Swiss manage in this way to constantly keep the political course of the government under control, and the Federal Council, according to the country’s constitution, must constantly consult with the people, who express their opinion on political proposals by dropping ballots into the voting baskets. At the same time, it is emphasized that the main challenge to Swiss federalism lies not in the multiculturalism of the nation, which did not develop as a result of the immigration of citizens, as, for example, in the USA, Canada or Australia, but on the contrary, has its roots in the age-old history of the communities that originally lived in Switzerland. Switzerland’s relations with the European Union during the last twenty years are briefly described. Characterizing Ukrainian-Swiss relations, the author emphasizes the importance that Switzerland has for our country, particularly in the context of Russia’s war against Ukraine. The advantages and disadvantages of direct referendum democracy are analyzed. Certain conclusions are drawn regarding the possibility of using Swiss experience in the political life of other countries.

Comprehensive study of hot compression behaviors and microstructure evolution of solutionized 6082 aluminum alloy extruded bar

Recently, an efficient integrated forging process has been proposed in which solutionized aluminum alloy extruded bars are directly hot forged and quenched. In this study, the hot deformation behaviors and microstructure evolution of 6082 aluminum alloy extruded bar was investigated via isothermal compression tests under the temperature range of 400–535 ℃ and strain rates range of 0.1–10 s−1 with different strains. The deformation behaviors were described by the established strain-compensated constitutive model and processing maps. The microstructure evolution of the deformed specimens was revealed by electron back scattered diffraction (EBSD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It was found that the Zener-Hollomon (Z) parameter, which involved temperature and strain rate, exerted a considerable influence on the deformation behaviors and microstructure evolution. Deformation-induced extensive dislocations were pinned by the dispersoids and generated cellular substructures under high ln Z (i.e. low temperature or high strain rate), potentially triggering dynamic instability. The tangled dislocations pinned by the insoluble dispersoids continued to overcome the pinning points as ln Z decreased, while the dislocations were consumed by the rotation of subgrain boundaries. As a result, the geometrically necessary dislocation (GND) was decreased with the significant increase of the fraction of high angle grain boundaries (HAGBs). In addition, the stable-end orientations, namely, Brass {011}< 211 > and Goss {011}< 001 > texture components with high Schmid Factors (SFs) are generated during compression, facilitating the dislocation movement and thus promoting the fraction of recrystallization. The above findings demonstrate the foundation for improving forming performance and optimizing the processing parameters for the integrated forging process.

Parliamentary diplomacy and its importance in the conditions of martial law

The dynamic constitutional process since the proclamation of independence, taking into account the domestic experience of state-building and law-making, the results of constitutional, parliamentary and other reforms, has contributed to the expansion of functions and powers of parliament, forms of activity. In recent years, parliamentary diplomacy has become more important, structured, and new formats of parliamentary interaction have emerged. The importance of international parliamentary organizations and interparliamentary cooperation has grown due to the importance of developing and protecting universal norms of international law, establishing peace and security, protecting democracy, the rule of law and human rights in the world. Therefore, the current evolution of inter-parliamentary relations is characterized by the growing role of parliamentary diplomacy, although classical international law did not recognize such cooperation as an institution of diplomatic and consular law. In modern conditions in times of armed conflict, such tools are effective, sometimes the only acceptable compromise ways to resolve conflicts between states, with the participation of interparliamentary organizations, parliamentary assemblies of international organizations. The importance of parliamentary diplomacy as an element of multisectoral foreign military-political development in the context of Russia’s aggression against Ukraine, the effects of martial law, of course, is growing and its available results are obvious. This leads to further scientific research in this area, broadening horizons and strengthening parliamentary democratic culture. Key words: parliamentary diplomacy, international interparliamentary cooperation, parliamentarism, Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, martial law

헌법재판소의 국제인권규범 활용에 대한 검토

Since the World War, international cooperation has been made to preserve the peace and interests of the human community, and representative results include the creation of international organizations and the establishment of international human rights treaties and norms(conventions). In particular, as the issue of human rights protection is recognized as a significant governmental matter, each country is striving to find a means to secure the legal effectiveness of international human rights norms within the country. However, given that the contents of international human rights norms are generally similar to the contents of the constitutional basic rights of the countries that accepted them, it has been discussed that it is necessary to incorporate international human rights norms into the Constitution and recognize the same effect as the Constitution (or constitutional basic rights). However, there is a counterargument that the constitutionalization of international human rights norms cannot be evaluated as desirable because it could undermine the foundation of the national legal system and people’s sovereignty. In addition, it may be questioned whether the constitutionalization of international human rights norms must be premised in securing the legal effectiveness of international human rights norms and their usefulness in constitutional adjudication. This article, focusing on the actual cases of the Constitutional Court of Korea, reviewed what legal and systematic status the Constitutional Court has recognized in international human rights norms and how they have been used in actual adjudication. According to this review, it seems the Constitutional Court sometimes directly used international human rights norms as constitutional norms(standard of review), but a close analysis of related decisions shows that the Court does not use international human rights norms as a direct criterion for constitutional adjudication and uses them as supplementary material for interpreting constitutional basic rights and principles. In particular, the Constitutional Court shows a pragmatical attitude of using it as a supplementary material for constitutional interpretation without judging the legal status of international human rights norms. The Constitutional Court's strategy of using international human rights norms as significant material for constitutional adjudication without shaking the legal system is a dynamic constitutional interpretation process that can localize the universal content of international human rights norms while maintaining the public autonomy of members of the legal community. Through this, international human rights norms will be able to secure a balance of universality and locality, legitimacy and effectiveness, abstraction and specificity, moral legitimacy and democratic-political legitimacy. However, the Constitutional Court is generally considered passive in using international human rights norms in constitutional interpretation, and, in reality, only a few international human rights norms are used, and furthermore, there is no in-depth argument for justification of use of international human rights norms in cases, so it is confirmed that international human rights norms are used superficially and decoratively. In order to improve this, it is necessary to consider preparing a system or practice that actively refers to and properly considers international human rights norms in constitutional adjudication. Above all, it is necessary to fully review related international human rights norms and discussions in the process of constitutional interpretation and establish a faithful method of argumentation of connection and integration that ultimately converts discussions of international human rights norms into constitutional discourse.

SABERES DOCENTES, PRÁTICAS EDUCATIVAS E FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES: DESAFIOS, POSSIBILIDADES E DIREÇÕES FUTURAS

The aim was to analyze the process of constitution of the field of teachers’ knowledge, especially from its relations between the contexts of teacher education and educational practices. In this way, an attempt was made to put into perspective the potential and development of this field, its current challenges and possible future directions. Through a theoretical essay, three axes were thematized, which permeated the following engenders: 1) conceptual aspects and theoretical foundation of this field; 2) presentation of some typologies and classifications currently found on this theme; 3) contextualization about the idea of knowledge reservoir mobilized in pedagogical practice and its implications nowadays. It is concluded that an analysis of teachers’ knowledge encourages new ways of understanding the relationship between professional education and professional practice. This perspective offers analytical structures supported by new paradigms linked to teaching and learning processes based on the idea of professionalization. In the meantime, several analogies can be listed in the perspective of amalgamation of teaching knowledge, so that we propose to analyze it anecdotally as a "watercolor of knowledge" in the light of a kind of color palette in a watercolor used by the teacher during his everyday professional actions. Thus, analyzing the process of elucidation of pedagogical practices in the light of teaching knowledge presents itself as a fruitful field of action and scientific investigation that deserves to be fostered and explored in view of its possibilities of collaboration with research in the field of education.

User Experience Perspectives on the Application of Interactivity Design Based on Sensor Networks in Digital Museum Product Display

This paper designs a model of interactivity design in digital museum product display, constructs a sensor network model, and tests the sensor network-based interactivity design in digital museum product display under the perspective of user experience. This paper makes a museum user experience model based on sensory, behavioral, cognitive, and emotional experiences; establishes a user experience design framework; conducts specific theoretical analysis and research from four aspects; uncovers specific factors affecting museum user experience; analyzes the impact of each experience factor on user system design and possible design entry points; and proposes corresponding user system design strategies to guide subsequent design practice sessions. This paper also completes the hardware circuit and PCB board design of the wireless sensing node based on the CC2430 chip as the core. Tomcat WEB server and J2EE-based Spring MVC Web development framework are used as the leading implementation technology to complete the functions of real-time data query, network parameter setting, and historical data storage. The ideographic practice of visual representation of the digital museum is discussed around its optical system. Knowledge-based model dominates the digital museum representation, and examining the complex constitutive processes and characteristics of images involves not only the production of discursive order but also the production of presentation contexts as well as virtual spaces, which construct a new visual presentation of digital museums. However, the virtual representation practice of digital museums still has paradoxes, the absence of the sense of experience and the flatness of the virtual space, in which the audience cannot have a visual experience under this presentation.

Unpacking the ambiguous work of middle managers: on the ongoing becoming in liminality

ABSTRACT In this article, I propose that the work of middle managers can meaningfully be conceptualized as a form of liminal work herby drawing attention to the interstitial (spatial) and temporary (temporal) elements of organizing and work. Building on a case study of emerging middle management positions within schools in Denmark, I show that working ‘in’ the middle is demarcated by entanglements of spatio-temporalities and other discourse-materialities producing a liminal friction that reconfigures this work as permanently liminal. Inspired by new materialism and the work of Karen Barad, I utilize the concept of spacetimemattering to analytically unpack these work practices that materialize in and through multiple times and spaces and matter and thereby elucidate the constitutive processes and performative effects of the ambiguous work of middle managers. To this end, the article offers an analytical understanding that expands a focus on hierarchical forms of organizing as a core issue of ambiguity.