Co-creation Process Research Articles

How can a local government boost prevention and inclusive primary care for its citizens?

Introduction: A retirement wave in healthcare professionals has put severe pressure on healthcare provision in the municipality of Vorselaar in Belgium and forced residents to look for alternatives in the wider region or postpone essential care. The local government wants to reinforce community healthcare in a future-oriented and innovative way and has set up a collaboration with LiCalab Living and Care lab to gain insight into the healthcare needs and expectations of their citizens to guide this process.
 Aims & methods: The municipality wants to create an accessible, interdisciplinary healthcare hub, putting the focus on health prevention rather than cure. Additionally, in collaboration with King Baudouin Foundation, they aim to investigate ways to promote health literacy in primary healthcare practice. Consequently, living lab activities were designed to provide insight into user needs for primary healthcare practice and preventative initiatives as well as the health literacy of the population. Firstly, a survey study aimed to include a large and representative local sample by lowering participation thresholds through e.g., sending personal invitations and providing support in completing the online or pen-and-paper questionnaire. In a second phase, co-creation sessions with citizens, (care) professionals, and individuals with low health literacy are currently being conducted to get more in-depth information about these topics and to solicit concrete actions to realize preventative health goals. 
 Key findings: A total of 1078 adult individuals from varying ages and social backgrounds participated in the survey (16,49% of the population). Physical and mental health were generally satisfactory. Health literacy skills varied in the population and lower literacy was associated with loneliness, increased age, lower education, and financial difficulties. Dentists, nurses, and psychologists were deemed important additional professions for primary care practice. Participants also had several practical recommendations for such a practice (e.g., regarding opening hours, online and telephone booking, and accessibility). In terms of health promotion, citizens believe that the local government has a role to play and find healthy eating habits, physical activity, mental health and sleep relevant factors of interest. The citizens are to some extent willing to use digital means for prevention although about half of participants of 80 years and above are very reluctant to use such technology. Finally, Vorselaar’s residents are motivated partners in the co-creation process to further shape the health landscape of their municipality.
 
 Conclusions: A collaboration between Vorselaar and LiCalab, with the endorsement of King Baudouin Foundation supporting projects committed to a better society, informed on local healthcare needs through selected living lab activities and the inclusion of a large representative sample. These citizens proved motivated partners in designing futureproof and inclusive primary healthcare.
 Implications: A population-based survey and co-creation sessions with multiple stakeholders can support data-driven actions towards promoting health literacy (which has important health benefits), designing primary care as a flexible and interdisciplinary endeavor, and investing in preventative activities (that are preferably not solely offered digitally). Potential future avenues to be explored consist of conducting implementation research into health promotion interventions, with special attention for the inclusion of vulnerable citizens.

Neighbourhood civic engagement around serious illness, death, and loss: results of the development of initiatives in two neighbourhoods in Flanders

Introduction/background: Worldwide, civic engagement initiatives concerning serious illness, caregiving, and bereavement are gaining momentum, as a result of the increasing interest in communities addressing challenges around these topics. In Flanders too, a diverse range of civic engagement initiatives are being developed, among which two research-initiated neighbourhood initiatives in municipalities in Herzele and Sint-Kruis (Flanders, Belgium). Most of the existing civic engagement initiatives around serious illness, death and loss have not been evaluated thoroughly, though this would generate important knowledge about community development on these topics. 
 Aim: To offer insights into the facilitators and barriers in the development process of neighbourhood civic engagement initiatives in two municipalities in Flanders (Belgium), e.g., the municipality context of development, stakeholder engagement, complexity and compatibility of developed initiatives.
 Methods: To study the development process of the initiatives, we performed observations (n=159) of all meetings between stakeholders, interviews and focus groups (n=72) with the different stakeholders, and a document analysis of all the relevant written materials (n=32). The results were iteratively analysed using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR).
 Results: The studied civic engagement initiatives were both initiated by the municipality, which facilitated the co-creative process with formal and informal stakeholders in the neighbourhood. We identified a lack of leadership engagement to formulate and support clear goals for the project, as a barrier. These goals and interests should be compatible with existing municipality projects and with the interests and needs of the people in the neighbourhoods. Non-compatibility decreases stakeholder engagement since stakeholders do not wish to conduct new initiatives but want to strengthen the topics of illness, death and loss in their regular activities. A challenge is to not just include stakeholders who already have a core formal function around wellbeing, illness, death and loss, but also include stakeholders that are indirectly involved with these topics (e.g. neighbourhood police, local merchants, neighbourhood committees). Sufficient resources, especially in terms of staffing, seem to be a facilitator for starting neighbourhood civic engagement initiatives. Results suggest that having a neighbourhood worker on the ground for engaging neighbourhood stakeholders, facilitates network formation around illness, death and loss in the neighbourhoods.
 
 Conclusion: Leadership engagement, compatibility and sufficient resources are three key concepts in facilitating neighbourhood civic engagement initiatives around serious illness, death and loss. Non-compatibility between existing workflows in the municipality and the needs of stakeholders can lead to decreased stakeholder engagement. We suggest the goals of the city be adjusted to the interests and needs of the neighbourhood. Sufficient resources need to be provided to realise these goals.

Co-creating a novel practice model for connecting oral health- and home health care services – The importance of the users’ experiences

Introduction and aim: Our society is faced with an increased number of elderly patients living at home with poor oral health status. Internationally and in Norway, the home health care service (HHCS) and the dental health care service (DHCS) are disbanding, resulting in a lack of adequate and coordinated oral health services. In the development of the intervention “Connecting ORAL health- and home health care service for patients receiving home health care” (CORAL), we recognised that user involvement was essential in the design of a coherent practice model. However, it has been debated whether users are listened to or whether they act as tokens when participating in development of interventions. The aim was therefore to investigate how different users expressed their perspectives in the co-creation process of the CORAL intervention.
 Methods: Three different user groups from which five patient representatives, three HHCS and five DHCS participated in two workshops. The workshops were based on innovation theories and led by researchers. To promote a creative and feasible dialogue among the users, a case was used as a boundary object in the discussions. All the user groups were encouraged to contribute with their knowledge and experiences in conversations about what they considered important in the development of a context-specific intervention to connect HHCS and DHCS. All conversations at the workshops were audio recorded and analysed using a thematic analysis approach.
 Results: The analysis of the development process showed that the different user groups’ perspectives varied. HHCS and DHCS were more active and had a stronger “voice” during the workshops than patient representatives. We did not find any distinct disagreement at the workshops. However, the various user groups had slightly different perspectives on what was highlighted as important in the development of a context-specific intervention. There are common elements among the users; for example, they all emphasised oral health knowledge as important. Patient representatives expressed that they need knowledge about oral health rights, HHCS expressed that they needed knowledge about oral health care and DHCS expressed that they could teach the requested knowledge to the other two groups. Furthermore, the users highlighted the current service organisation and contact between the services as challenging. The patient representatives expressed a need to ensure the continuity of care as they were the ones who provided contact between the services. HHCS and DHCS expressed that they needed patient information from each other, and both service representatives gave examples of how challenging it was to collaborate with each other.
 Conclusion: Overall, the results showed that the three user groups have different perspectives, which highlight the importance of including all end users in the development process of an intervention. However, we acknowledge that the patient representatives’ “voice” was somewhat unclear due to their relatively inactive participation in the conversations.
 Implications: Designing an intervention together with the end users may lead to successful uptake among the user groups. However, inequality in user participation, may lead to diminished adaptation of the intervention to the user group whose opinions are least expressed.

Co-Designing a Conversational Agent with Frail and Impaired Older People to Enhance Ageing in Place through Self-management and Empowerment

Background: SMILE is a collaborative project between Norway, Denmark, The Netherlands, Canada, and Greece. The aim is to enable older people to live an independent and active life, irrespective of frailty, physical and/or cognitive impairments using eHealth solutions developed in co-creation with service users. The aim of the eHealth solution is to enable ageing in place, by combining prevention, prediction, communication, timely care, and assistance to help older people be engaged in their own condition and remain connected with their community. A user requirement specification and co-creation workshops was conducted in 2021 prior to the development of a Digital Care Facilitator (DCF) and a Conversational Agent (CA).
 Methods: The co-creation process entails initial interviews and observations conducted in Denmark, Norway, and the Netherlands, and 4 phases of co-creation workshops with service users. The initial interviews and observations provided an overview of the service users current practices e.g., daily activities and self-management of own health condition, their use of technology, and insight into requirements and needs for a future eHealth solution. Specifically, nine areas of interest were identified: 1) clinical condition, 2) physical activities, 3) sleep quality, 4) nutrition and hydration, 5) hygiene, 6) mental health, 7) social health, 8) air quality and 9) entertainment. The nine features were presented and discussed among 16 participants with COPD at phase 1 workshops in Denmark and Norway in May 2022. The features were presented to the participants in paper format, where partici-pants could ask questions and share thoughts. Then the participants were given four post-it’s on which they individually could write down the four features they found most valuable and that met their daily needs the most.
 Results: The phase 1 workshops helped narrow down nine areas of interest, to four specific features to include in the design of a conversational agent (CA), based on direct input from service users. The four features from the phase 1 workshops include: 1) health condition, 2) daily activity 3) social life, and 4) circadian rhythm. Input from the participants suggest that the valuable features of interest can enable an independent lifestyle and wellbeing without being disease or diagnose specific. 
 Conclusion: The four features identified through input from the services user’s, formed the basis for development of a mock-up of the CA. The CA was presented at a phase 2 workshop, where input from user’s will be used to further develop and design the interface and the content of the CA and the DCF. The initial interviews and observations suggest that designing an interface for older frail people to ease information access and communication with care givers should not be specific to one condition but address how to support physiological, psychological, and social parameters that are meaningful for the age group. The results indicate that a focus on the four areas; health condition, daily activity, social life, and circadian rhythm, are relevant to ad-dress in future development of service design for older adults (65+), as they may contribute to increased empowerment, well-being and ageing in place.

Co-production of a rehabilitation programme for young adult cancer survivors

Introduction: Globally, the focus on user involvement in health research has increased substantially. In Denmark, it is still at an early stage, with individual researchers being met with increasing demands without having much experience, guidance, or good practices to act upon. We are a group of researchers affiliated with User Perspectives and Community-based Interventions at the University of Southern Denmark and the Center for Research with Patients and Relatives (ForSa-P) at the Odense University Hospital. We work with patients and relatives in several aspects of our work – research and teaching; we share our experiences and learning in a joint session.
 This presentation describes a co-creation process of developing a rehabilitation programme for young adult cancer survivors (YACS)
 Background: Because of the cancer and late effects of treatment, YACS face numerous age-specific physical, psychological, existential, and social issues impacting participation in everyday life and decreasing their health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Rehabilitation may improve participation in life roles, leisure activities and work and thus, heighten HRQoL. However, YACS rehabilitation needs are not being adequately met and multicomponent age-specific rehabilitation for YACS is limited.
 Objective: To develop an evidence-based, age-specific, multicomponent, and peer-based rehabilitation programme involving YACS and relevant stakeholders aiming to improve YACS participation in everyday life and their HRQoL.
 Methods: The development process of the programme drawn on the Medical Research Council UK framework for developing and evaluating complex interventions and is inspired by Hawkins et al.’s three-staged framework for co-production. From September 2019 to March 2023, YACS, professionals and researchers co-developed a rehabilitation programme through three stages: 1) Evidence review and stakeholder consultations; 2) Co-production of the intervention by involving users in four workshops, and 3) Articulating the programme theory, developing an intervention manual, recruitment strategy and referral pathways and selecting outcome measures. Key findings from each stage were incorporated into the subsequently stage.
 Results: We developed a comprehensive goal-oriented and peer-based rehabilitation programme called the Young Adults Taking ACtion (YATAC). The programme draws on a person-centered approach, the Social Cognitive Theory, and John Dewey’s learning theory. It consists of nine components delivered by an interdisciplinary team: 1) Need assessment, 2) Goal setting, 3) Everyday life, 4) Physical activity, 5) Psychological issues, 6) Work and education, 7) Sexuality and relationship, 8) Rights and finance, 9) Friends and Family and 10) Peer-to-peer support. Further, outcome measures for the programme were chosen, recruitment strategies were described, and referral pathways were identified. The evaluation showed advantages and disadvantages and future points to pay attention to when participating in a co-production process. 
 Conclusions: A multicomponent rehabilitation programme for YACS was developed involving the preferences and needs of YACS and stakeholders. Using co-production in the whole process of developing the programme will most likely lead to better evaluation and implementation in clinical practice. In addition, the comprehensive description of the development process and the knowledge derived from the process can inform future research of how to involve users in the development of rehabilitation interventions. Next step will be to feasibility test the programme.

Value Co-creation of Food Bank and Stakeholder to Achieve Sustainable NGOs

Food banks appear to be a socially desirable solution to better utilizing food waste from the standpoint of waste reduction since it provides a “win-win” solution. Despite having a valuable mission, sadly, food bank faces several barriers due to their reliance on donations. As a result, collaboration is becoming a desirable step for food banks to increase resources which lead to corporate sustainability. This paper employs a systematic literature review approach to analyze 26 “Food Bank and Stakeholder Partnerships” papers published in the Scopus database over the past five years. The findings indicate that most of research comes from US which have a sustain system of food bank. Numerous studies have examined the collaboration between food banks and different institutions, including healthcare, community, retail, academic, self-organizing, and multi-stakeholder entities which each collaboration gain a uniqueness objective of partnership. This paper discussed the existing of stakeholders and food bank partnership with Four-Co-phase Models of Value Co-creation Process to better understand the phases and traits of partnerships. Communication become an important point on build a sustain partnership. Based on the findings, the topic of communication is widely addressed in articles on collaborative efforts, necessitating further research on trust within collaboration. Further research is needed to explore the sustainability of food banks in developing countries due to limited existing studies. In addition to external collaboration, internal collaboration within the food bank is also important for ensuring organizational harmony in the future.

Community-based intervention for promoting healthy habits through MAHA mobile application in Basque elderly population.

Background: Population over 65 years of age in EU is increasing, rising costs in health and social care systems and making changes in biological, physiological, and psychosocial field. Promoting healthy ageing has become a key to improve the lifelong health and wellbeing of ageing population. Health technologies and eHealth tools can be an effective instrument to address the challenge of ageing. They provide an opportunity to improve the health and well-being of older people, and to prevent, treat and ensure the sustainability of health systems.
 Digital technologies aimed at promoting active ageing enable access to greater knowledge, better communication and a better relationship with people's environment, if they are designed in a person-centred way. They open up a range of new possibilities and resources that represent a way to reduce the generation gap and bring older people closer to the rest of the community.
 Methods: The Basque Country region has implemented a community-based intervention to promote active and healthy ageing through the use of a self-managed mobile MAHA App within Gatekeeper European project (H2020, nº857223). MAHA app developed in a co-creation process involving end-users and professionals from community settings is available in Google Play and App Store for iOS. The tool offers activities and materials to reinforce socialization and, promote healthy, meaningful, creative and fulfilling lives among elderly people.
 This quasi-experimental and longitudinal study is targeted at 10,000 older people and/or their caregivers from the Basque Country (Spain). The community-based intervention in the Basque Country has been designed to involve Primary Health Care services and key agents from different sectors at the community level that can influence the well-being and health of the elderly population. The Support Network created for the intervention has the participation of 39 community organisations and entities belonging to the Basque Health Ecosystem.
 Results: A mixed methods approach to evaluation will be carried out, using quantitative techniques, through validated questionnaires and usage metrics to assess effectiveness; and qualitative techniques, to collect user experience. An analysis of the implementation process has been executed, to identify the determinants, factors, and aspects that impact the intervention, and the commitment, adherence and dropout rate towards user engagement. The intermediate data shows that the actions implemented are effective, as the intervention has been widely disseminated and many people have been contacted. Although more than half have accepted to participate in the intervention, only 3% finally registered in the application. This intervention also shows low adherence to the intervention and a high level of dropout, as it is understood that once the user accepted to participate, they do not follow the study protocol. 
 Discussion and Conclusions: The community-based intervention implemented will contribute to generating awareness and new data on research into the intention-to-treat, adherence and attrition rate of the use of self-managed eHealth applications by the elderly. Likewise, a tool with these characteristics can be considered an effective health asset for improving elderly people's health, making healthy options more accessible and incorporating new habits in this population.
 

Institutions, technology and resource integration in the value co-creation process: a study of service-dominant logic in higher education

PurposeThis paper analyzes the value creation process in terms of the relationships between institutions, technology, integration of resources and contextual value. The study was conducted within an online learning setting in higher education, and utilized service-dominant logic as a basis for analysis.Design/methodology/approachA total of 349 responses were collected through an online survey. After removing data from respondents who did not meet the criteria and outliers, 280 responses were analyzed. Furthermore, six hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling (SEM) techniques.FindingsThe results confirm that institutions are proven to influence technology and resource integration. The technology significantly affects resource integration and value-in-context. Likewise, resource integration determines value-in-context remarkably. On the other hand, this study found no evidence of the impact of institutions on value-in-context.Research limitations/implicationsThe study has been conducted in the Jabodetabek area, with a sample size of only 280. An extensive survey, including a larger sample size, may reveal a broader glimpse of the value co-creation process of students in higher education institutions. Only three antecedents of contextual value have been explored, namely institutions, technology and resource integration. More strengthening and detailed findings could be derived if the antecedents of the contextual value addressed could be added. In the sampling, the researchers have used non-probability sampling for collecting data due to various constraints. The use of the probabilistic sampling method might have given some new insights to the study and made the sample more representative. The convenient sampling method employed in this study may limit the generalization of this study's findings. Therefore, the findings of the hypothesis test only apply to the selected sample data. Another limitation of the study is that the survey respondents represented an urban Indonesian perspective. So, replication of this study in different areas (e.g. west, east and central Indonesia) would help to generalize the findings. In this study, there is no evidence that institutions have a direct impact on contextual value. The authors suggest reexamining the relationship between institutions and contextual value in future studies.Originality/valueIn particular, the authors have succeeded in designing a new empirical model in higher education based on the perspective of service-dominant logic (S-D logic). This finding further strengthens the existence of the perspective of S-D logic as a new general theory of the market.

Co-creation experience and tourists’ citizenship behavior: challenges of Indonesian ecotourism sector during post-pandemic era

Purpose This study aims to highlight the influence of co-creation experience (CCE) on tourists’ citizenship behavior (TCB), emphasizing the Indonesian ecotourism sector during the post-COVID pandemic. Design/methodology/approach By using a judgmental sampling, data were collected from 150 visitors who visits Indonesian ecotourism resort and acquired the wildlife experience through co-creation process. To evaluate the relationship model, partial least squares-structural equation modeling by SmartPLS 3rd version was used in this study. Findings The result indicated that CCE in terms of Indonesian ecotourism had an effect on involvement (INV) and satisfaction (SAT). Result ascertain INV and SAT direct effect on TCB. Multigroup analysis indicated that perceived risk of COVID-19 could moderate insignificantly the relationship among INV, SAT on TCB. Research limitations/implications This study focuses on CCE, INV, SAT and TCB in Indonesian ecotourism with wildlife attraction and contributes an insight for tourism research; thus, the results cannot be generalized for other ecotourism worldwide. Practical implications The proposed model of this study suggests the need to review the current condition of citizenship behavior at destination level, especially regarding to cleanliness and crowd controlling on post-COVID pandemic to maintain tourists’ health and safety while traveling. Social implications Achieving TCB in different types of destination (ecotourism) requires specific development models concerning environmental conditions. Originality/value Though CCE, INV, SAT and TCB have identified as main topics for tourism research especially in ecotourism sector, the related factors of TCB in post-COVID-19 era are remain limited.

Enhancing Academic Development: A reflexive exploration of Staff and Students’ Experiences on curriculum co-creation

Academic development of students and staff is a critical element in higher education, especially with reference to their engagement in curriculum development. While higher education institutions advocate for the inclusion of students in curriculum co-creation, in practice, this has not been easily implemented. The urgency to create this collaborative ecosystem necessitates a reflexive contribution. In this article, I explore the experiences of academic staff and students on their engagement in curriculum co-creation with a specific focus on developing a study guide for the newly developed module, which is part of the decolonisation process. The emphasis on meta-cognitive skills and the social justice element in the curriculum development process ensures a responsive curriculum that meets the needs of society, students and staff in a cohesive and integrated manner. I underpin this reflective study on Schon’s theory of reflection on action. I argue that engaging students in curriculum creation stimulates deep learning, an empowerment attribute which I explore as it enhances innovative and critical thinking. This study employed qualitative methods of collecting and analysing data, followed by identifying important themes from the data. The reflections and emergent themes provide pathways to enhance academic development to encourage curricula co-creation processes in higher education.

Key factors to enhance efficacy of 3D digital environments for transformative landscape and urban planning

The unprecedented expansion of digital technologies has led to a rapid increase in the development and application of 3D digital environments for landscape and urban planning in the past two decades. Considering the significant challenges in guiding human societies towards sustainability, these technologies must not only assist decision-makers in adapting to changes but promote fast, transformative shifts in the relationship between human societies and nature. Based on a set of global exemplars, this Perspective Essay outlines six key factors that can enhance efficacy of 3D digital environments to guide knowledge-informed landscape and urban planning. We call for (1) explicitly representing dynamic interplay between the social, ecological, and technical systems, (2) exploring the integration of design with simulation models to address cross-scale dynamics, (3) developing features to foster imagination, (4) employing multisensory stimuli to encourage profound changes in environmentally and socially sustainable behavior, (5) tailoring the incorporation of active sensing by and with non-experts into 3D digital environments to better acknowledge indigenous and local knowledge systems, and finally, (6) carrying out a usability evaluation to facilitate participation and collaboration in an efficient co-creation process. We conclude by recommending the establishment of a collaborative knowledge platform that unites researchers, developers, and stakeholders for stimulating social-ecological-technological system thinking in the development of 3D digital environments and harnessing the technological advancements to accelerate and drive the needed transformative change within urban and landscape planning.

The AI Work of Art in the Age of its Co-Creation

Almost one century after Walter Benjamin’s dissertation on the value of the work of art under the impact of its technological reproduction on the roots of globalization and mass media society, the current research aims to provide some coordinates to approach the influence of AI co-creative processes in the artistic field. From a media archaeological approach, we will map the collaborative practices that emerge in the Generative Art landscape to understand the creative possibilities of interaction between humans and machine-driven artistic goals. By conceiving the Web 3.0 as an expansive megadungeon, we find an increasing number of projects based on participative dynamics where online communities join forces with AI decentralized artists to reshape the current state of the art. We will take as an example the Botto Project, a community-driven creator conceived by Mario Klingemann, a pioneer of AI artworks who employs machine learning methods to revolutionize the blockchain and crypto art market. This case study leads us to reconsider the (wo)man-machine co-creation as the base of the auratic experience of the work of art in the age of AI co-creativity.

The outcomes of students’ citizenship behaviors in higher education: a transformative service research (TSR) perspective

ABSTRACT Universities face a lot of challenges, such as increased competition and budget cuts. To overcome these challenges, universities need to consider the role of students as key stakeholders in the value co-creation process. Guided by the Transformative Service Research (TSR), this study explores the individual and institutional outcomes of students’ citizenship behaviors in a higher education context. Drawing on a sample of 343 students and using structural equation modeling, the results show that students’ citizenship behaviors have positive outcomes for both students and universities: they positively affect students’ psychological well-being and university brand image. Furthermore, the study indicates that university service quality mediates the relationship between students’ citizenship behaviors and students’ psychological well-being as well as the relationship between students’ citizenship behaviors and university brand image. The findings of this study have implications for the decision-makers who wish to build a strong brand image and offer superior service quality.

Crafting digital business ecosystems for cultural and creative industries

The Cultural and Creative Industries (CCI) thrive on innovation and creativity, necessitating robust cross-domain collaboration among diverse stakeholders. However, the current state of CCI co-creation mechanisms is marked by inadequacies. The primary objective is to provide practical and effective strategic guidance for co-creation endeavors within the dynamic CCI landscape. This study employs the Root Cause Analysis (RCA) method to identify and analyze critical elements for industrial co-creation, offering a comprehensive framework for understanding the intricacies of co-creation processes. The Cultural and Creative Industries Digital Business Ecosystem (CCI-DBE) model is then developed to encompass four foundational pillars: participation of multiple stakeholders, mechanism of co-creation, uniqueness of consumer experience, and output of co-created value. Participation of multiple stakeholders recognizes the importance of integrating perspectives from content creators, other companies, suppliers, and customers. The mechanism of co-creation delves into the necessity of a robust platform, supported by technological infrastructure, to facilitate seamless resource and knowledge exchange. The uniqueness of consumer experience emphasizes the need for tailoring offerings to meet consumers' unique experiential and meaningful needs. Output of co-created value focuses on enhancing product novelty, resource sharing, communication efficiency, information interaction, and cross-domain integration. This CCI-DBE model not only contributes to academic discourse but also provides actionable insights for practitioners seeking to navigate and enhance the co-creation process within the evolving CCI landscape. It stands as a valuable guide for fostering innovation, collaboration, and strategic alignment in the CCI sector.

The role of value co-creation in sustaining partner loyalty in B2B business: a service-dominant logic approach

The primary aim of this research is to investigate the impact of value co-creation utilizing the Service-Dominant Logic (SDL) approach on partner satisfaction, which subsequently fosters loyalty, commitment, and trust among B2B organizations. The present study examined petrogenic partners manufactured by PT Petrokimia Gresik, an Indonesian government-owned enterprise tasked with assisting in the production of organic fertilizers. The present study employed a survey methodology to gather data from 139 petrogenic supplier partners. As a form of SDL, value co-creation with supply partners through training, development programs, knowledge sharing, and standard-setting influences their satisfaction with the cooperative relationship, which ultimately increases their commitment and loyalty to PT Petrokimia Gresik and fosters trust. The findings of this research indicate that business-to-business (B2B) organizations must prioritize their relationships with business partners, particularly suppliers. By engaging suppliers in the value co-creation process, organizations can foster supplier loyalty and satisfaction, ultimately leading to the achievement of high-quality production outcomes.

Value co-creation and external consultancy knowledge for public innovation in Europe

This paper proposes a framework for explaining the collaboration between co-creation and LAB design methodologies with KIBS (Knowledge Intensive Business Services), which include ICT services, when public services were immerse in an innovative process at government units within six EU-20 countries in the Co-VAL H2020 survey (Spain, France, Hungary, the Netherlands, Norway, and the United Kingdom). The proposed channels of interaction of user´s at the centre methodologies and KIBS is based upon the new public government paradigms and the public service dominant logic. The model examines the propositions of these paradigms, as to how co-creation processes are embedded in the interaction of KIBS and final customers, by deriving the channels through which those consultancies contribute to fostering innovation in various government units across the EU-20 (1875 public units of work surveyed), particularly in relation to improving public business-related services. The study first utilizes unilateral equations to estimate the overall effects of all the covariates and, in a second step, utilizes systems of equation models to derivate the interaction of users at the centre methodologies on KIBS and, consequently, the indirect effects that these processes have on the innovation processes of the public units of work that contracted those business services. Results conclude that value co-creation is embedded on KIBS with the decisive influence of inputs provided by final customers of the innovative processes as the public dominant service logic states. The analysis is based on the Co-VAL EU 2020 Survey, testing the causal effects that KIBS consultancies have on public innovation processes, especially those related to business services or business organizations, with a focus on the reinforcement of co-creation, LAB design, and co-production methodologies. To our knowledge this study is the first to estimate those indirect influences of user´s at the centre methodologies on public innovation processes that contract KIBS to generate positive dynamics improvements of public services.

Codesigned Digital Tools for Social Engagement in Climate Change Mitigation

Digital technologies and economies can strengthen participative processes and data- and knowledge-based sustainable urban development. It can also accelerate social integration and the efforts of urban dwellers towards more resilient urban environments. Gap: Most of the tools that strengthen participatory processes were not cocreated with stakeholders. Research shows that codesigned platforms driven by new technological advances and the development of collaborative sharing economy concepts can increase climate change awareness. Still, the rise of participatory innovation technologies does not focus on enabling social engagement in climate change mitigation. Therefore, this paper addresses a research question: can a codesigned community currency stimulate bottom-up initiatives for climate change mitigation, and what is needed for such tools to succeed with the implementation of climate-responsive policies? The aim was to introduce an approach allowing us to codesign an application to encourage pro-environmental behaviors. Hence, the approach of this research was to define the concept of such a tool as a part of a cocreation process with stakeholders in a multidisciplinary and cross-sectoral environment. Method: It uses design thinking enriched with case studies evaluation, workshops, UX design, low fidelity, SUS, and testbeds. Findings and value: The authors introduce the Greencoin concept and argue that the codesigned digital currency operating based on an educational application has the potential to strengthen social engagement in climate change mitigation. Beneficiaries and practical implementation: Such a tool can increase climate awareness by supporting social integration and bottom-up initiatives for climate change mitigation. It can therefore be used by local communities to strengthen their climate-responsive efforts.

Service Agent Driven Co-Created Caring in Chat-Based Customer Service Encounters

This study explores the elements of caring and its relationship with customer-value co-creation in the context of chat-based service encounters. For this purpose, 123 chat conversations from the Visit Helsinki chat platform were analyzed using deductive content analysis. The findings reveal that customers played an active role in the value co-creation process. The elements of caring play an important role in customer-value co-creation and produce affective and emotional benefits, including cognitive, integrative and recognition benefits for the customer. A benevolent attitude, commitment and consideration, which includes creating situations wherein the customer-service agent and the customer solve problems together, strengthen and enable value co-creation. Language and customer-service expressions also enhance customer-value co-creation, while different statements of being present and interested in the customer create positive emotions and an atmosphere of caring. This demonstrates that caring about the customer could be the key to value co-creation. Further, this study discusses theoretical and managerial implications and recommendations for future research.

Stakeholder development of an implementation strategy for fall prevention in Norwegian home care – a qualitative co-creation approach

BackgroundThe uptake of fall prevention evidence has been slow and limited in home care services. Involving stakeholders in the implementation process is suggested as a method to successfully tailor implementation strategies. The aim of this study was to develop an implementation strategy for fall prevention, targeting healthcare providers working in home care services.MethodsThis study used an explorative qualitative approach in a five-step co-creation process to involve researchers, service users, and healthcare providers. The first two steps consisted of workshops. This was followed by focus group interviews and individual interviews with key informants as steps three and four. Data from the first four steps were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. The fifth and final step was a workshop finalizing a strategy for implementing fall prevention evidence in home health services.ResultsOverall, our findings, resulted in an implementation strategy for fall prevention with four components: (1) Empower leaders to facilitate implementation, operationalized through what managers pay attention to regularly, resource priorities, and time spent on fall prevention, (2) Establish implementation teams, consisting of multidisciplinary healthcare providers from different levels of the organization, with formalized responsibility for implementation, (3) Tailor dual competence improvement, reflecting the need for knowledge and skills for fall prevention and implementation among healthcare providers and users, and (4) Provide implementation support, representing guidance through the implementation process.ConclusionsThis study advances our understanding of implementation in home care services. Implementation of fall prevention requires an implementation strategy involving a blend of essential components targeting leaders, competent healthcare providers and users, and establishing structures enhancing the implementation process.

Making co-creation operational: A RECONECT seven-steps-pathway and practical guide for co-creating nature-based solutions

Co-creation as a practice of collaborative product or service development is not a novel concept, however its application in the field of nature-based solutions (NBS) requires a certain level of knowledge, expertise and capacity building to ensure a shared understanding and collaborative dialogue. NBS are defined as cost-effective and ecosystem-based solutions to solving sustainability challenges and climate-change pressures through embedding a more citizen-oriented engagement within its implementation. Although some co-creation principles and guidelines are scientifically well elaborated, only a few of them was put into practice. Thus there is still a need for making them clearer and more feasible to a broad range of stakeholders from the non-scientific community. This problem is mostly caused by the lack of easy-to use framework / strategy for organizing a co-creation and selecting the appropriate co-creation activity for the certain purpose of the NBS realization process. It includes making a right decision on what particular tools, how and with what groups of stakeholders can be applied in a certain case and by the availability of particular resources. For this purpose, a stepwise pathway/guide on how participatory approach can be incorporated into the whole process of NBS co-creation was developed within the RECONECT project. The main innovative contribution of this work is to propose the following ready-to-use solutions:•detailed seven-steps-co-creation pathway and practical recommendations for NBS design and implementation;•multidimensional and comprehensive decision-making matrix consisting of 88 tools for selecting the most suitable solution (tool) according to the particular co-creation goal, available resources and capacities;•additional resources to facilitate and operationalise the co-creation process at each stage of NBS development, offered in the form of a Toolbox.