Processing Board Research Articles

Quality Management Practices During Check-In And Boarding Process: The Case Of Etihad Airways, UAE

The purpose of this research is to examine quality management phenomenon of the aviation industry, by taking a deep dive into the practices carried out by Etihad Airways during the processes of check-in and boarding. The parameters set by the global standards are evaluated and compared to the existing practices in the airline’s ground operations. Through this comparison, an analysis is derived in regards to how aligned the processes are, and how the particular areas of improvement can be targeted. The researchers conducted this qualitative investigation while analyzing the case of Etihad Airways, UAE. The study findings indicate that the set international quality parameters are a road map for airlines to follow, and while Etihad Airways’ practices are in alignment with most of the protocols, there are areas wherein the airline management should shed light on in order to implement those protocols in their day-to-day operational activities. By scrutinizing these areas of improvement, the airline can pinpoint where their focus is needed most to advance their service of quality, subsequently elevating Etihad Airways as a business and giving the airline a competitive edge in the industry. While there are several studies that have addressed the role of quality in the aviation industry, this research adds originality and value by fixating on the check-in and boarding processes, which are crucial touchpoints in an airport. This analysis equips both the aviation industry and academia with insights into optimizing quality management practices, an exclusive input in an era of heightened competition and passenger expectations within the aviation sector.

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND BOARD EFFECTIVENESS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE COMPANY SECRETARY ROLE

Background and Purpose: Company secretary roles are increasingly gaining attention and recognition globally. However, research on corporate governance and board effectiveness lacks a comprehensive and systematic review from the company secretary role. Most research to date has been focused on the role of other corporate governance actors, namely, CEOs, directors, and auditors. In this present systematic literature review, we address this deficiency.
 
 Methodology: This paper adopted a systematic literature review approach. We used two indexed databases, Scopus and Web of Science, to analyse the articles written on corporate governance, company secretary and board effectiveness. A total of 121 articles published in these fields were examined, and after rigorous analysis, only 18 articles from which met the inclusion criteria were included.
 
 Findings: Our findings reveal that only a few corporate governance research has investigated the role of company secretary in enhancing board effectiveness (board structure, board process and board practices). The thematic analysis conducted identified seven key roles of the company secretary. The roles are to: (1) support the chairman of the board; (2) provide advice and act as a confidant to the board of directors; (3) facilitate and manage the board of directors and board committee process; (4) liaise between the board and management; (5) manage information asymmetry and enhance transparency; (6) ensure compliance with laws, regulations, corporate governance code and best practices, and (7) manage company relations.
 
 Contributions: The analysis in this paper presents four key findings - types of articles, geographical location, theory, and company secretary roles that reflect the research gaps present in the corporate governance literature, thus highlighting significant future research avenues.
 
 Keywords: Board effectiveness, company secretary, corporate governance, roles, systematic literature review.
 
 Cite as: Halim, S. A. A, Lokman, N., & Othman, S. (2023). Corporate governance and board effectiveness: A systematic literature review of the company secretary role. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 8(TI), 209-234. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol8issTIpp209-234

Using trust to gain credible access to the boardroom: A methodological contribution

Purpose: Researchers have found it difficult to gain access to board members to collect credible data. Acquiring such insights, however, is becoming increasingly important in view of rising numbers of corporate failures. This article is part of a broader study conducted to identify the drivers of effective board leadership in a cross section of companies in selected countries, where trust and distrust were used as the primary levers to gain credible access to board members.Design/methodology/approach: A qualitative research approach was adopted, with data collected via semi-structured interviews with 47 directors of companies in a range of countries.Findings/contribution: The data collection process was guided by nine literature-informed board access strategies designed to overcome potential barriers to structural and substantive access to credible information sharing. The board directors who were interviewed were more forthcoming upon learning that the researcher had board experience and was thus able to empathise with their own experiences. This contributed to an atmosphere of trust during the interviews.Practical implications: This paper highlights the methodological advances made in the access dimension of process studies, focusing on difficult-to-access subjects like boards of directors.Originality/value: In addition to the literature-informed board access strategies, the researcher abductively developed a methodological board access conceptual framework. This framework comprises process and empathy levers designed to enable researchers to gain surface-level, moderate-level and deep-level access to board members for the purpose of extracting progressively credible data on board processes from hard-to-access individuals.

The role of board skepticism in strengthening nonprofit performance measurement and accountability

AbstractWe interviewed 21 board chairs of nonprofits with social missions to ask how their organizations assess performance when they cannot adequately track the intangible work by employees or the outcomes of this work. We find that the uncertainty around tracking performance data makes boards skeptical of their ability to assess performance in these organizations. Our study suggests that the skepticism of these boards inspires effective strategies focused on decreasing uncertainty around performance. These strategies include tracking a combination of quantified data, process data, and narratives from employees and clients, and ensuring specific board processes that foster a psychologically safe environment for discussion and checking against cognitive biases. We find boards in these organizations to be aware, engaged, and effective at assessing performance and we suggest that policy makers can be better informed by accessing the knowledge and strategy used by these boards.

Development of a real-time gamma camera for high radiation fields

In high radiation fields, gamma cameras suffer from pulse pile-up, resulting in poor energy resolution, count losses, and image distortion. To overcome this problem, various methods have been introduced to reduce the size of the aperture or pixel, reject the pile-up events, and correct the pile-up events, but these technologies have limitations in terms of mechanical design and real-time processing. The purpose of this study is to develop a real-time gamma camera to evaluate the radioactive contamination in high radiation fields. The gamma camera is composed of a pinhole collimator, NaI(Tl) scintillator, position sensitive photomultiplier (PSPMT), signal processing board, and data acquisition (DAQ). The pulse pile-up is corrected in real-time with a field programmable gate array (FPGA) using the start time correction (STC) method. The STC method corrects the amplitude of the pile-up event by correcting the time at the start point of the pile-up event. The performance of the gamma camera was evaluated using a high dose rate 137Cs source. For pulse pile-up ratios (PPRs) of 0.45 and 0.30, the energy resolution improved by 61.5 and 20.3%, respectively. In addition, the image artifacts in the 137Cs radioisotope image due to pile-up were reduced.

Development and implementation of a student tumor board as a teaching format for medical students.

Tumor boards serve as established platforms for interdisciplinary expert discussions and therapeutic recommendations tailored to individual patient characteristics. Despite their significance, medical students often lack exposure to such interdisciplinary discussions as tumor boards are currently not integrated into medical curricula. To address this, we aimed to enhance future physicians' interdisciplinary communication skills and subject-specific knowledge by introducing an interactive series of five linked tumor board seminars within the domain of neuro-oncology. We developed a neuro-oncological student tumor board using a flipped-classroom format. The primary objectives of this case-centered approach included fostering an understanding of the tumor board process, active participation in multidisciplinary case discussions, honing appropriate communication strategies, and creating personalized therapy plans that consider inputs from all relevant disciplines, individual patient factors, and ethical considerations. To gauge the effectiveness of the seminar series, we administered structured pre- and post-course questionnaires. Fourteen medical students in third to fifth year participated in the pilot series. Despite its organizational complexity, the interdisciplinary seminars were feasible. Students demonstrated significant growth in competence, aligned with predefined learning objectives. Notably, they appreciated the supportive learning environment and interactive teaching format, which kindled their interest in interdisciplinary oncology. Active participation in a student tumor board can empower students to tackle the diverse challenges of caring for cancer patients within an interdisciplinary team during the early stages of their careers. The student tumor board represents an innovative, learner-centered approach to teach interdisciplinary cancer treatment, communication strategies, and ethical aspects of medical practice.

Use of Sensors for Fall Prediction in Older Persons: A Scoping Review.

The application of technological advances and clear articulation of how they improve patient outcomes are not always well described in the literature. Our research team investigated the numerous ways to measure conditions and behaviors that precede patient events and could signal an important change in health through a scoping review. We searched for evidence of technology use in fall prediction in the population of older adults in any setting. The research question was described in the population-concept-context format: "What types of sensors are being used in the prediction of falls in older persons?" The purpose was to examine the numerous ways to obtain continuous measurement of conditions and behaviors that precede falls. This area of interest may be termed emerging knowledge. Implications for research include increased attention to human-centered design, need for robust research trials that clearly articulate study design and outcomes, larger sample sizes and randomization of subjects, consistent oversight of institutional review board processes, and elucidation of the human costs and benefits to health and science.

Analysis of Differences in Handling of Hajj Flights with Regular Flights on the Apron Unit Movement Control at The Airport International Adi Soemarmo


 Apron Movement Control officers have an important role in handling Hajj and regular flights. Handling Hajj flights is different from regular flights, Hajj flights require more handling, service and supervision than regular flights. This study aims to determine the differences in the handling of hajj flights and regular flights, the obstacles faced by Apron Movement Control (AMC) officers and the efforts made to overcome the obstacles encountered in hajj flights.The method used in this research is qualitative method. The data used in this study are primary data obtained by observing and interviewing and secondary data obtained from documentation. The data analysis process in this study uses Miles and Huberman's theory, namely collecting data, reducing data, presenting data, and drawing conclusions. Researchers tested the validity of this research data by using triangulation. The results of this study indicate that there are differences in the handling of hajj flights and regular flights, i.e. passengers are picked up on haj flights, differences in flight times, placement of parking stands, time slots for haj flights that cannot be determined, handling haj flights requires more cooperation between several units. Obstacles faced by AMC officers on hajj flights at Adi Soemarmo International Airport, namely vehicles transporting luggage and passengers of pilgrims who could not pass through the service road area, lack of human resources, and aircraft trouble. Efforts made by AMC unit officers so that the handling of regular flights and haj flights can run smoothly and effectively, namely by moving the parking stands for haj planes to become more accessible to the transportation of luggage and pilgrim passengers, AMC unit officers are able to optimize existing human resources in handling hajj and regular flights, for troubled aircraft the officers coordinate with the maintenance unit before passengers carry out the boarding process, so that haj flights and regular flights do not experience delays.
 Keywords: AMC officers, regular flights, Hajj flights.

W‐band large‐scale high‐gain filtering reflectarray antenna

AbstractThis article presents a W‐band three‐layer reflectarray antenna that can be easily fabricated using printed circuit board (PCB) process. The proposed reflectarray element is composed of substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) structure and slot‐coupled patch. By controlling the length of SIW in each element, the compensation phases required for the reflectarray to generate focused beam at in‐band frequencies are realized. However, at the out‐of‐band frequencies, the elements fail to provide the required compensation phases as the incident electromagnetic wave cannot couple to the SIW. Thus, filtering performance is realized. A circular aperture prototype reflectarray comprising of 5024 elements are employed to yield a high‐gain narrow beam. The measured results show that the proposed reflectarray antenna attains a peak gain of 40.5 dB at 94 GHz with aperture efficiency of 41.3%, and out‐of‐band suppression higher than 22 dB.

Development of a slow-wave artificial dielectric substrate-based microstrip line in X band

This paper presents a slow-wave artificial dielectric substrate for planar microstrip device miniaturization. The proposed substrate supports the improvement of the permittivity of a given substrate, and in turn offers guided wavelength reduction, leading to obtaining size reduction using low cost printed circuit board (PCB) process. In this structure, two rows of metal vias are located on either side of a microstrip line (ML), which are connected to the ground plane of the substrate. In addition, a row of metal mushroom-shaped vias is placed and connected at the center of the line, which is inserted inside the dielectric media. This would lessen the effective distance between the microstrip line and the ground, and so, the capacitance per unit length is increased leading to obtaining a slow-wave substrate. The proposed structure is numerically investigated using full wave software for specified parameters and the microstrip line characteristics are compared with those of the conventional line. A prototype of the introduced line is implemented and its measured propagation features, including phase constant and effective permittivity, are reported. Results show a perfect agreement with those of simulation, which confirms that a 50.6% longitudinal size reduction is feasible.

Analisis Kinerja Personel Inspektur Angkutan Udara Otoritas Bandar Udara Wilayah III pada Optimalisasi Pengawasan Standart Pelayanan Minimal PT. Lion Mentari Airlines


 In order to realize aviation safety, security and services, it is necessary to carry out control, supervision and investigation activities by air transport inspectors. Flight services provided by the Air Transport Business Entity for economy-class passenger services, Scheduled Commercial Air Transportation and domestic flight routes. The intended passenger service standards include several things, including pre-flight service standards, in-flight service standards, and post-flight service standards. Pre-flight service standards consist of: flight information, reservation, ticketing, check-in, boarding process, handling of flight delays, flight cancellations and enied boarding passes. Because the number of inspectors in carrying out supervision can also be an influential aspect of the results of the Minimum Standard Inspection of the service. This study aims to determine the factors that get the results of optimizing Air Transport Inspectors on Lion Air airlines. This research is descriptive using qualitative methods with data collection methods in the form of observation, interviews, and documentation. The data obtained is in the form of interviews with the Air Transport Inspector at the Surabaya Region III Airport Authority Office as well as documents used to carry out daily activities. The results of this study show the factors that constrain the control team of the Air Transport Inspector for Lion Air airlines on the Supervision Result Sheet instruments. Namely the unsupervised air transport inspector of airline officers directly at each airline service sub-unit due to a shortage of air transport inspector personnel.
 Keywords: Supervision, Performance, Air Transport Inspector

Constructing Risk through Jurisdictional Talk: The Ontario Review Board Process under Part XX.1 of the Criminal Code

AbstractThe Ontario Review Board (ORB) makes and reviews dispositions that limit the freedoms of individuals found not criminally responsible (NCR) due to a “mental disorder.” Their dispositions must be responsive to the risk NCR individuals pose to the public. To assess how risk is measured, the authors studied twenty-six publicly accessible court files pertaining to the appeal of ORB dispositions. The authors studied hospital reports, the ORB’s dispositions, and transcripts of ORB hearings found in the court files. In this paper, the authors draw on institutional ethnography and critical legal theories of jurisdiction to analyze how certain citational practices—namely citation of closely related statutes and the ORB’s procedures—participate in structuring the ORB’s analysis of risk. The authors argue that risk becomes legible to participants in the NCR process through the intertextual mediation of these citations, which legitimize and naturalize the NCR individuals’ dependence on forensic institutions.

Does Female Representation Improve Board Processes? It Depends on Director Perceptions of The Chair

Does Female Representation Improve Board Processes? It Depends on Director Perceptions of The Chair

Board structure, firm performance variability and national culture

PurposeThe purpose of the study is to examine the relation between board structure and firm performance variability in an international setting. The authors further explore the effect of national culture in shaping such relations.Design/methodology/approachThe authors’ international sample contains 4,911 firms across 49 countries over the 2002–2017 period. The authors use national culture values on individualism and power distance developed by Hofstede (1980, 2001, 2011). The authors focus on within-firm, over-time variability of firm performance and estimate multivariate linear regressions with fixed effects. The authors address the endogeneity concern using the instrumental variable approach, and the authors’ results are robust to alternative measures of variables and different subsamples.FindingsThe authors find that firms with larger board size, greater board independence and less powerful CEOs have less variable performance. Individualism has a magnifying effect while power distance has a mitigating effect in shaping such relations.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is among the first to answer the call of Adams, Hermalin and Weisbach (2010) for research on corporate boards in an international setting. It is also one of the few studies which examine the variability of firm performance, while the majority of existing literature focuses on the level of firm performance. Most importantly, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to explore the role of national culture in shaping boardroom interactions that affect the decision-making process of corporate boards, which, in turn, affects firm performance variability.

Automatic Attendance System Using Face Recognition

The project aims to develop an automated attendance system using face recognition technology. The system eliminates manual methods and provides contactless attendance tracking. It utilizes a Raspberry Pi board, camera module, and advanced image processing techniques to detect and recognize faces in real-time. Attendance data is stored in a database which is excel sheet and can be accessed remotely. The system improves efficiency, reduces errors, and promotes hygiene and safety in various environments.

Design of a 21‐level multilevel inverter with minimum number of devices count

SummaryMultilevel inverters (MLIs) have attracted the attention of researchers for their needs in industrial applications, renewable energy systems, and electric vehicles. MLIs require a large number of power electronic components to synthesize higher levels at the output voltage. However, overuse of power electronic devices increases the complexity, losses, and cost of MLIs. In this study, a new MLI has been proposed with a reduced number of power switches. The basic unit of the proposed MLI comprises only three independent DC sources and 10 switches (eight unidirectional and two bidirectional) to produce 21 levels at the output voltage waveform. The nearest level control (NLC) modulation method has been used to produce gate pulses. Furthermore, three extension topologies have been proposed to generate a higher number of levels, and the extension parameters have been compared with recently introduced and conventional topologies. The comparative study shows that the proposed MLI topology requires fewer components in terms of power electronics parameters than the others. On the other hand, the presented first extension study that can be used for all non‐extendable basic units is one of the prominent values of the study. Simulation studies showing modulation methods, switching patterns, and signal outputs were performed with Matlab/Simulink. A prototype of the proposed main module has been realized and tested in the laboratory with an FPGA processing board. Experimental results have been verified with simulation results, and the performance of the proposed topology has been proven.

MmWave self-beam-tilting antenna array with low complexity and wide coverage

This paper proposes an effective planar mmWave switched beamforming antenna array with low complexity and wide beam coverage. The proposed structure is configured using multiple linearly polarized self-beam-tilting-antenna (SBTA) elements, eliminating the requirement of a phase-adjustable block for beamforming. Each SBTA element can generate different main beam directions by itself without using complicated feed networks. Moreover, unlike typical Butler matrix-based beamforming arrays, the proposed SBTA array does not require passive hybrid couplers to adjust the phases for beamforming operations. Accordingly, the proposed feed network-less antenna avoids circuit complexity, feed network insertion losses, or increases in size and fabrication costs, rendering it suitable for mmWave compact antenna applications. To verify the proposed concept and beamforming performance, a 1 × 4 SBTA array was fabricated at 28 GHz using a conventional printed circuit board (PCB) process. The size of the fabricated antenna (excluding test connectors) was 1.12 λ0 × 1.68 λ0 × 0.08 λ0 (λ0 for free-space wavelength), and the measured 10-dB impedance bandwidth was approximately 5.9 %. Furthermore, the measured main beam switching directions were found at −34°, −52°, +51°, and +38° with measured gains of 6.7, 6.1, 5.9, and 6.6 dBi, respectively, at 28 GHz.

Effects of Board Processes on Board Roles Performance among Selected Savings and Credit Cooperative Societies in Tanzania

This paper examines the effect of board processes on efforts norms, cognitive conflict, and use of skills and knowledge on the board’s performance in monitoring, resource provision and strategic roles in SACCOS in Tanzania. The social exchange theory provided theoretical guidance. A cross-sectional design with a mixed-methods approach was used. Data were collected using a questionnaire administered to 198 board chairpersons and an interview with nine key informants from SACCOS managers and cooperative officers. Data were analysed through multiple linear regression and thematic analysis. The results revealed a strong and significant relationship between effort norms and board roles' performance in monitoring, resource provision, and strategic roles. The results further indicated a positive and significant relationship between the application of skills and the knowledge of board members, coupled with their ability to monitor and provide the board with essential resources. The results further revealed that cognitive conflict negatively influenced board members' ability to play strategic roles. Moreover, no significant relationship was found out between cognitive conflict and board roles in monitoring or resource provision. Effort norms and the Use of board members' skills and knowledge significantly predicted board role performance. Therefore, the study recommends that the board chairperson encourage a participatory culture to ensure that board members exert enough effort into and apply their skills and knowledge in fulfilling their roles. Furthermore[1], SACCOS members should elect board members based on their skills, knowledge, and ability to work and collaborate constructively and respectfully with other members

POTENSI KELEMBAGAAN LOKAL DALAM PENGELOLAAN HUTAN MANGROVE DI DESA PANTAI BAHAGIA BEKASI

Limited community knowledge about the functions and benefits of mangrove ecosystems, as well as management and utilization without regard to sustainability, causes damage to mangrove ecosystems, as a result logging for the conversion of mangrove land into pond land continues to increase. Community institutions in efforts to preserve mangrove forests have an important role, therefore, this study aims to analyze the potential for local institutional support in mangrove forest management. The sampling method is based on the analysis of key figures of communities involved in mangrove forest management. The data collection method was conducted by in-depth interviews of 30 respondents and the analysis used in this study was qualitative descriptive analysis. The results of the study explained that the situation shows that some mangrove forests have been damaged and community activities are still concentrated on pond processing. The structure shows that the authority in mangrove forest management is specifically regulated by the village government and Perum Perhutani while community groups as partners. Behavior illustrates that the community has access to the utilization of mangrove forest potential for both food and board processing, and performance shows that the use of mangrove forests is still limited to processing fruit for food needs

Stochastic FE analysis of stress concentrations in curved glulam beams due to the uncertainty of material direction

When curved glulam beams are subjected to bending, tension perpendicular to grain is introduced. In this work, Monte-Carlo analysis is conducted to study the influence of the annual-ring orientation of individual board on stress concentration in the radial direction. A virtual cutting program is developed which simulates the sawing processes of boards and yields a database of sawn boards, each with a characterized material direction with respect to the pith location. Lamellas are randomly selected from the database to construct curved glulam beams in FE models for Monte-Carlo simulation. Parameters including lumber diameter distribution, taper function, orthotropic elastic properties are considered for four common wood genera in Europe: spruce, pine, larch, and beech.Statistical analysis shows that when the annual-ring effect is considered, the average radial stress in the middle height area of the glulam beams can reach up 1.56 times (even higher on the middle width and height area) compared to the common practice, where wood is usually simplified as transverse isotropic material. Such stress concentration, which can trigger early damage of the structure, indicates an underestimation of stress perpendicular to grain in common practice. Moreover, parameter studies show that the stress redistribution depends not only on the mechanical properties of wood species but also on the width of the board layer.