Blood Coagulation Process Research Articles

The effect of Xerostomia in diabetes mellitus patients on the incidence of dry socket after tooth extraction: A literature review

Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder caused by the absence of insulin hormone production or lack of response to insulin. Diabetes mellitus can cause complications such as caries, periodontal disease, and xerostomia. Xerostomia is associated with low salivary flow which can cause several additional complications. Objective: To determine the effect of xerostomia, a complication in patients with diabetes mellitus, on the incidence of dry sockets after tooth extraction. Method: The method used in this study is a Literature Review, which searches three different journal databases, using the search terms "xerostomia" OR "diabetes mellitus" AND "tooth extraction" OR "dry socket." Results: It shows that there is an effect between the occurrence of xerostomia in patients with diabetes mellitus and the incidence of dry sockets after tooth extraction. Discussion: In patients with diabetes mellitus, saliva production can decrease due to nerve and blood vessel damage caused by glucose metabolism disorders in the body. This can reduce the quality and increase the viscosity of saliva, making the wound-healing process after tooth extraction more difficult. Xerostomia in patients with diabetes mellitus can worsen the dry socket condition because of the lack of moisture in the oral cavity, which can affect the blood clotting process after tooth extraction. If the blood clot dislodges, it can cause a dry socket in xerostomia patients. Conclusion: Dry socket in diabetic patients with xerostomia is thought to be due to low saliva production which interferes with wound healing after tooth extraction.

Structural characteristics and biological evaluation of copper coating cotton material obtained by chemical reduction method

The article describes the preparation of new cotton materials obtained by chemical deposition of copper sulfide. This two-stage process consists of chelation of copper sulfate on cellulose chains of cotton (COT → COT-CuSO4) with subsequent precipitation of copper in the form of copper sulfide (COT-CuSO4 → COT-CuS) using sodium sulfide. The obtained COT-CuS composites were characterized physicobiologically. Thus, the structural characteristic of the Cotton-CuS material was determined by microscopy analysis (SEM), Atomic Absorption Spectrometry with Flame Excitation (FAAS), specific surface area and total pore volume analysis (BET). The copper functionalized cotton fabric was subjected to microbial activity tests against colonies of Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive ( Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria and Chaetomium globosum, Aspergillus niger fungal molds species. Biochemical evaluation includes hematological tests of activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and prothrombin time (PT). The substantial antimicrobial properties of the newly synthesized COT-CuS material with the lack of influence on blood coagulation processes offer prospects of a potential use as applications as an antibacterial/antifungal material.

Coagulo-Net: Enhancing the mathematical modeling of blood coagulation using physics-informed neural networks

Blood coagulation, which involves a group of complex biochemical reactions, is a crucial step in hemostasis to stop bleeding at the injury site of a blood vessel. Coagulation abnormalities, such as hypercoagulation and hypocoagulation, could either cause thrombosis or hemorrhage, resulting in severe clinical consequences. Mathematical models of blood coagulation have been widely used to improve the understanding of the pathophysiology of coagulation disorders, guide the design and testing of new anticoagulants or other therapeutic agents, and promote precision medicine. However, estimating the parameters in these coagulation models has been challenging as not all reaction rate constants and new parameters derived from model assumptions are measurable. Although various conventional methods have been employed for parameter estimation for coagulation models, the existing approaches have several shortcomings. Inspired by the physics-informed neural networks, we propose Coagulo-Net, which synergizes the strengths of deep neural networks with the mechanistic understanding of the blood coagulation processes to enhance the mathematical models of the blood coagulation cascade. We assess the performance of the Coagulo-Net using two existing coagulation models with different extents of complexity. Our simulation results illustrate that Coagulo-Net can efficiently infer the unknown model parameters and dynamics of species based on sparse measurement data and data contaminated with noise. In addition, we show that Coagulo-Net can process a mixture of synthetic and experimental data and refine the predictions of existing mathematical models of coagulation. These results demonstrate the promise of Coagulo-Net in enhancing current coagulation models and aiding the creation of novel models for physiological and pathological research. These results showcase the potential of Coagulo-Net to advance computational modeling in the study of blood coagulation, improving both research methodologies and the development of new therapies for treating patients with coagulation disorders.

A surface-functionalized whole blood-based dielectric microsensor for assessment of clot firmness in a fibrinolytic environment

Accurate assessment of fibrin clot stability can predict bleeding risk in coagulopathic conditions such as thrombocytopenia and hypofibrinogenemia. Hyperfibrinolysis — a clinical phenotype characterized by an accelerated breakdown of the fibrin clot — makes such assessments challenging by obfuscating the effect of hemostatic components including platelets or fibrinogen on clot stability. In this work, we present a biofunctionalized, microfluidic, label-free, electronic biosensor to elicit unique, specific, and differential responses from the multifactorial processes of blood coagulation and fibrinolysis ex vivo. The microsensor tracks the temporal variation in the normalized real part of the dielectric permittivity of whole blood (<10 μL) at 1 MHz as the sample coagulates within a three-dimensional, parallel-plate, capacitive sensing area. Surface biofunctionalization of the microsensor’s electrodes with physisorption of tissue factor (TF) and aprotinin permits real-time assessment of the coagulation and fibrinolytic outcomes. We show that surface coating with TF and manual addition of TF result in a similar degree of acceleration of coagulation kinetics in human whole blood samples. We also show that surface coating with aprotinin and manual addition of aprotinin yield similar results in inhibiting tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)-induced upregulated fibrinolysis in human whole blood samples. Validated through a clinically relevant, complementary assay — rotational thromboelastometry for clot viscoelasticity — we finally establish that a microsensor dual-coated with both TF and aprotinin detects the hemostatic rescue in the tPA-induced hyperfibrinolytic profile of whole blood and the hemostatic dysfunction due to concurrent platelet depletion in the blood sample, thus featuring enhanced ability in evaluating complex, combinatorial coagulopathies.

Calcium Ion-Coupled Polyphosphates with Different Degrees of Polymerization for Bleeding Control.

The development of efficient hemostatic materials is crucial for achieving rapid hemorrhage control and effective wound healing. Inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) is recognized as an effective modulator of the blood coagulation process. However, the specific effect of polyP chain length on coagulation is not yet fully understood. Furthermore, calcium ions (Ca2+) are essential for the coagulation process, promoting multiple enzyme-catalyzed reactions within the coagulation cascade. Hence, calcium ion-coupled polyphosphate powders with three different degrees of polymerization (CaPP-n, n = 20, 50, and 1500) are synthesized by an ion-exchange reaction. CaPP exhibits a crystalline phase at a low polymerization degree and transitions to an amorphous phase as the polymerization degree increases. Notably, the addition of Ca2+ enhances the wettability of polyP, and CaPP promotes hemostasis, with varying degrees of effectiveness related to chain length. CaPP-50 exhibits the most promising hemostatic performance, with the lowest blood clotting index (BCI, 12.1 ± 0.7%) and the shortest clotting time (302.0 ± 10.5 s). By combining Ca2+ with polyP of medium-chain length, CaPP-50 demonstrates an enhanced ability to accelerate the adhesion and activation of blood cells, initiate the intrinsic coagulation cascade, and form a stable blood clot, outperforming both CaPP-20 and CaPP-1500. The hemostatic efficacy of CaPP-50 is further validated using rat liver bleeding and femoral artery puncture models. CaPP-50 is proven to possess hemostatic properties comparable to those of commercial calcium-based zeolite hemostatic powder and superior to kaolin. In addition, CaPP-50 exhibits excellent biocompatibility and long-term storage stability. These results suggest that CaPP-50 has significant clinical and commercial potential as an active inorganic hemostatic agent for rapid control of bleeding.

Analysis of the contribution of polymorphisms of hemostasis system genes and folate cycle genes to the genetic presposition to the development of thrombosis in patients with Ph-negative myeloproliferative neoplasia in the Republic of Uzbekistan

Thrombotic complications often complicate the course of the underlying disease in patients with chronic myeloproliferative neoplasia. However, a thromboembolic condition is not observed in all patients.The aim of the study was to assess the carriage frequency of polymorphic genes of the blood coagulation system and folate metabolism genes and the contribution of genetic variants to the development of thrombosis in patients with chronic Ph-negative myeloproliferative neoplasia (CMPN).Materials and methods. Molecular genetic testing for the presence of genetic variants with an assessment of their frequency of occurrence and allelic load was carried out in 142 patients with CMPN. We studied polymorphisms of the folate cycle genes – A2756G (Asp919Gly) of the MTR gene, C677T (Ala22Val) of the MTHFR gene, A66G (ILe22Met) of the MTRR gene (rs1801394), as well as mutations of the genes of blood coagulation factors – G(455)A of the FGB gene, G20210A of the F2 gene, G10976A (Arg353Gln) of the F7 gene, G1691A (Arg506Gln) of the F5 gene. The study was carried out using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR); The biological material for the test was whole blood.Results and discussion. The study showed that only 6 out of 50 (12%) patients with thrombotic complications had no changes in the genes studied, while 88% of patients had one or another genotypic variant, which may indicate a high probability of involvement of a hereditary genetic factor in the development of hypercoagulability and thrombotic complications in patients with chronic MPN.Conclusions. A comprehensive study of the role, interaction and operating conditions of genes that control blood coagulation processes in patients with Ph-negative chronic MPN will make it possible to understand the causes of hemostatic system disorders and develop effective measures to prevent thrombotic complications in this category of patients.

Biochemical Behavior, Influence on Cell DNA Condition, and Microbiological Properties of Wool and Wool-Copper Materials.

The paper presents the study concerning the preparation and physio-chemical and biological properties of wool-copper (WO-Cu) materials obtained by the sputter deposition of copper onto the wool fibers. The WO-Cu material was subjected to physio-chemical and biological investigations. The physio-chemical investigations included the elemental analysis of materials (C, N, O, S, and Cu), their microscopic analysis, and surface properties analysis (specific surface area and total pore volume). The biological investigations consisted of the antimicrobial activity tests of the WO-Cu materials against colonies of Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria, Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria, and fungal mold species (Chaetomium globosum). Biochemical-hematological tests included the evaluation of the activated partial thromboplastin time and pro-thrombin time. The tested wool-copper demonstrated the ability to interact with the DNA in a time-dependent manner. These interactions led to the DNA's breaking and degradation. The antimicrobial and antifungal activities of the WO-Cu materials suggest a potential application as an antibacterial/antifungal material. Wool-copper materials may be also used as customized materials where the blood coagulation process could be well controlled through the appropriate copper content.

Mesh-shaped absorbable hemostatic hydrogel patch fabricated with marine organism-derived protein biomaterials with contact-activated blood coagulation for application in visceral surgery

The utilization of efficacious hemostatic agents in surgical procedures has the potential to enhance operational efficacy, expedite patient recovery, and diminish the need for blood transfusions. However, in cases of excessive bleeding, few commercial hemostatic agents can maintain contact with the bleeding site and perform hemostatic functions effectively. In the present work, we propose a mesh-shaped absorbable lyophilized hemostatic hydrogel patch with excellent biodegradability, wet tissue adhesion ability, strong structural properties, and good blood coagulation activity by integrating the beneficial properties of two marine organism-derived bioengineered protein biomaterials, sea anemone silk-like protein (aneroin) and mussel adhesive protein (MAP). The hemostatic efficacy of the developed hydrogel patch was thoroughly evaluated using in vitro and in vivo experiments. The mesh-shaped hemostatic hydrogel patch exhibited the ability to absorb plasma upon contact with blood, adhere to surfaces, and facilitate aggregation of blood components, hence enhancing the process of blood coagulation. Using animal liver damage models, we confirmed that the hemostatic hydrogel patch could significantly enhance hemostatic capabilities by reducing clotting time and blood loss while exhibiting minimal inflammation and toxicity when remaining within the body. Thus, our proposed absorbable hemostatic hydrogel patch demonstrated great potential for use as a novel adhesive hemostatic agent for application in visceral surgery.

Activity in the Field of Blood Coagulation Processes of Poly(Lactide)-Zinc Fiber Composite Material Obtained by Magnetron Sputtering

This article presents the biochemical properties of poly(lactide)-zinc (PLA-Zn) composites obtained by DC magnetron sputtering of zinc onto melt-blown nonwoven fabrics. The biochemical properties were determined by the evaluation of the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and prothrombin time (PT). The antimicrobial activity of the PLA-Zn samples was additionally tested against representative Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria strains. A structural study of the PLA-Zn has been carried out using specific surface area and total pore volume (BET) analysis, as well as atomic absorption spectrometry with flame excitation (FAAS). PLA-Zn composites exhibited an antibacterial effect against the analyzed strains and produced inhibition zones against E. coli and S. aureus. Biochemical investigations revealed that the untreated PLA fibers caused the acceleration of the clotting of human blood plasma in the intrinsic pathway. However, the PLA-Zn composites demonstrated significantly different properties in this regard, the aPTT was prolonged while the PT was not altered.

Blood Coagulation-Inspired Fibrin Hydrogel for Portable Detection of Thrombin Based on Personal Glucometer.

As one of the biomarkers of coagulation system-related diseases, the detection of thrombin is of practical importance. Thus, this study developed a portable biosensor based on a personal glucometer for rapid detection of thrombin activity. Fibrinogen was used for the detection of thrombin, and the assay principle was inspired by the blood coagulation process, where thrombin hydrolyzes fibrinogen to produce a fibrin hydrogel, and the amount of invertase encapsulated in the fibrin hydrogel fluctuates in accordance with the activity of thrombin in the sample solution. The quantitative assay is conducted by measuring the amount of unencapsulated invertase available to hydrolyze the substrate sucrose, and the signal readout is recorded using a personal glucometer. A linear detection range of 0-0.8 U/mL of thrombin with a limit of detection of 0.04 U/mL was obtained based on the personal glucometer sensing platform. The results of the selectivity and interference experiments showed that the developed personal glucometer sensing platform is highly selective and accurate for thrombin activity. Finally, the reliability of the portable glucometer method for rapid thrombin detection in serum samples was investigated by measuring the recovery rate, which ranged from 92.8% to 107.7%. In summary, the fibrin hydrogel sensing platform proposed in this study offers a portable and versatile means for detecting thrombin using a personal glucometer. This approach not only simplifies the detection process, but also eliminates the need for large instruments and skilled operators, and substantially reduces detection costs.

Investigation of thrombin concentration at the time of clot formation in simultaneous thrombin and fibrin generation assays

Thrombin generation (TG) and fibrin clot formation represent the central process of blood coagulation. Up to 95% of thrombin is considered to be generated after the clot is formed. However, this was not investigated in depth. In this study, we conducted a quantitative analysis of the Thrombin at Clot Time (TCT) parameter in 5758 simultaneously recorded TG and clot formation assays using frozen plasma samples from commercial sources under various conditions of activation. These samples were supplemented with clotting factor concentrates, procoagulant lipid vesicles and a fluorogenic substrate and triggered with tissue factor (TF). We found that TCT is often close to a 10% of thrombin peak height (TPH) yet it can be larger or smaller depending on whether the sample has low or high TPH value. In general, the samples with high TPH are associated with elevated TCT. TCT appeared more sensitive to some procoagulant phenotypes than other commonly used parameters such as clotting time, TPH or Thrombin Production Rate (TPR). In a minority of cases, TCT were not predicted from TG parameters. For example, elevated TCT (above 15% of TPH) was associated with either very low or very high TPR values. We conclude that clotting and TG assays may provide complementary information about the plasma sample, and that the TCT parameter may serve as an additional marker for the procoagulant potential in plasma sample.

Introducing a Possible Proteomic and Genomic Biomarker Panel Related to Methanol Poisoning: A Review

Context: Methanol is one of the simplest organic compounds widely used in industry. It is highly toxic and unfit for human consumption. The abuse of methanol-containing beverages is becoming a severe health problem. This review discusses new clinical and pathological manifestations alongside proteomic and genomic changes based on methanol's toxic effects. Evidence Acquisition: Medical literature was reviewed in Google Scholar, Scopus, and PubMed to examine the effect of methanol intoxication on proteomic and genomic changes in the human body. Results: The results revealed the rapid direct absorption of methanol and its spread in body tissues. Various side effects, from digestive problems to neurological disorders, blindness, and death, could occur depending on the consumed dosage. Methanol poisoning causes extensive changes at the protein level, affecting blood coagulation, vitamin metabolism, immune response, and lipid transport processes. Methanol could alter the gene expression profile pattern by increasing the production of free radical species, which cause changes in DNA nucleotides. Conclusions: In conclusion, since methanol poisoning is associated with serious adverse effects (protein expression changes) and mortality, it should be managed seriously and promptly.

Electrochemical Monitoring in Anticoagulation Therapy.

The process of blood coagulation, wherein circulating blood transforms into a clot in response to an internal or external injury, is a critical physiological mechanism. Monitoring this coagulation process is vital to ensure that blood clotting neither occurs too rapidly nor too slowly. Anticoagulants, a category of medications designed to prevent and treat blood clots, require meticulous monitoring to optimise dosage, enhance clinical outcomes, and minimise adverse effects. This review article delves into the various stages of blood coagulation, explores commonly used anticoagulants and their targets within the coagulation enzyme system, and emphasises the electrochemical methods employed in anticoagulant testing. Electrochemical sensors for anticoagulant monitoring are categorised into two types. The first type focuses on assays measuring thrombin activity via electrochemical techniques. The second type involves modified electrode surfaces that either directly measure the redox behaviours of anticoagulants or monitor the responses of standard redox probes in the presence of these drugs. This review comprehensively lists different electrode compositions and their detection and quantification limits. Additionally, it discusses the potential of employing a universal calibration plot to replace individual drug-specific calibrations. The presented insights are anticipated to significantly contribute to the sensor community's efforts in this field.

Biomimetic Anticoagulated Porous Particles with Self-Reporting Structural Colors.

Anticoagulation is vital to maintain blood fluidic status and physiological functions in the field of clinical blood-related procedures. Here, novel biomimetic anticoagulated porous inverse opal hydrogel particles is presented as anticoagulant bearing dynamic screening capability. The inverse opal hydrogel particles possess abundant sulfonic and carboxyl groups, which serve as binding sites with multiple coagulation factors and inhibit the blood coagulation process. Owing to the variations of refractive index and pore sizes during the binding process, the particles appeared corresponding structure color variations, which can be adopted as sensory index of anticoagulation. Based on these features, a sensor containing these diverse structure color particle units is constructed for pattern recognition of coagulation factors level in clinical plasma samples. By analyzing the sensory information of the unit, the colorimetric "fingerprint" for each target can be obtained and summarized as a database. Besides, a portable test-strip integrating sensory units is developed to distinguish the sample regarding abnormal coagulation factors-derived diseases via multivariate data analysis. It is believed that such biomimetic anticoagulated structural color particles and their derived sensor will open new avenue for clinical detection and disease diagnosis.

Inhibitory potential of recombinant and native peanut Bowman-Birk inhibitor against proteases of human blood coagulation pathway

Plant proteinase/protease inhibitors (PIs) have therapeutic potential besides their role in regulating endogenous protease activity in several physiological processes. They exert their function by inhibiting the catalytic activity of specific proteases. The use of PIs for inhibiting coagulation factors and slowing down the blood coagulation process has emerged as a critical intervention point for developing antithrombotic agents. The present study has demonstrated the characterization of bacterially expressed recombinant peanut Bowman-Birk inhibitor (rPnBBI) and evaluation of its anticoagulant potential compared to native PnBBI (isoinhibitors pool) purified from peanuts. The full-length BBI gene was cloned, and rPnBBI (7.53 kDa) expressed in the soluble fraction of Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) strain was isolated by passing through the trypsin affinity column. The purified rPnBBI with β-sheets as major secondary structural elements exhibited inhibitory activity towards bovine trypsin and chymotrypsin at diverse pH and temperatures. Both, rPnBBI and PnBBI showed anticoagulant effects by prolonging the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and inhibiting the activity of proteases/factors (plasma kallikrein, FXIIa, FXIa, FIXa, and FXa) involved in the blood coagulation pathway. Besides, rPnBBI and PnBBI showed a similar inhibitory tendency towards FXIIa, FXIa, and FIXa, while rPnBBI exhibited a higher inhibition potential than PnBBI towards FXa. Contrarily, PnBBI showed higher inhibitory potential than rPnBBI on plasma kallikrein. Altogether, the bioactive BBI molecules from the natural food source peanuts showed significant anticoagulant potential, which could be exploited in the prophylaxis of thromboembolic disorders associated with various human diseases.

The Potential of Shell Extract as a Hemostasis and Wound Healing Agent: A Literature Review

Hemostasis is an emergency medical treatment to reduce pain and patient mortality, therefore research is being developed to find effective hemostasis. The utilization of natural materials for hemostasis and wound healing is rapidly expanding, including chitosan found in shell extracts. Chitosan is obtained from chitin found in the soft shells of marine animals such as squid, shrimp, and crabs, or from hard shells such as clams, crabs, and lobsters. Chitosan offers advantages such as good biodegradability, biocompatibility, and non-toxicity, and has been widely used in biomedical, chemical, food, and cosmetic industries. This literature review aims to investigate the potential of shell extracts, particularly the characteristics of chitosan, in wound healing across hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling stages. The study results indicate that extracts from shells containing chitosan exhibit varying characteristics in terms of molecular weight and degree of deacetylation. Chitosan with higher molecular weight and degree of deacetylation tends to yield better outcomes in hemostasis and wound healing. The material is effective in reducing antithrombin, enhancing blood clotting processes, and aiding clot formation. Increased molecular weight contributes to stimulating various cytokines, such as TNF-α, TGF-ß1, and FGF2, which play a key role in the wound healing process. Additionally, higher degree of deacetylation chitosan is effective in stimulating fibroblast proliferation. Chitosan also influences VEGF in inducing angiogenesis and enhancing neovascularization in bone healing. Chitosan from shell extracts with certain molecular weight characteristics and degree of deacetylation has the potential to be the material of choice for accelerating hemostasis and wound healing.

Development and application of novel ELISA-based analytical tools for assessing nitroxidative distress biomarkers in ischemic stroke: implications for improved diagnosis and clinical management

ABSTRACT Ischemic cerebrovascular accident (iCVA) is a public health issue, whose subjacent events involve the development of nitroxidative distress. Identifying biomarkers that assist in the diagnosis of this disease has clinically relevant implications. The aim of this study was to develop an analytic tool for measuring nitroxidative distress biomarkers, intended for application in clinical practice to enhance patient healthcare. Three enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were developed, with different detection objectives. One of them, in a sandwich format, quantifies the amount of fibrinogen in human plasma, an important glycoprotein involved in the blood coagulation process, contributing to thrombus formation and thereby participating in the mechanism of ischemic stroke. Another ELISA, also in a sandwich format, detects the presence of nitrotyrosine residues in fibrinogen from human plasma, a nitroxidative posttranslational modification resulting from the attack of peroxynitrite by-products on tyrosine residues present in proteins. The third one, in inhibition format, determines human plasma nitrotyrosine total content and was used to analyze human plasma samples from control and iCVA patients. Those two groups of plasma samples were analyzed using inhibition ELISA, revealing statistically significant differences in their nitrotyrosine content and molar ratios of nitrotyrosine to fibrinogen, which were higher in the iCVA group. This study provides evidence that nitroxidative distress occurs in ischemic stroke, as indicated by the detection of the biomarker nitrotyrosine. This finding supports other studies that also identified nitrotyrosine in ischemic stroke, through several different methods. This specific ELISA method is applicable for the rapid analysis of clinical samples, making it a potential clinical tool for assessing iCVA patients.

Biochemical Approach to Poly(Lactide)-Copper Composite-Impact on Blood Coagulation Processes.

The paper presents the investigation of the biological properties of Poly(Lactide)-Copper composite material obtained by sputter deposition of copper onto Poly(lactide) melt-blown nonwoven fabrics. The functionalized composite material was subjected to microbial activity tests against colonies of Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus), Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria, Chaetomium globosum and Candida albicans fungal mold species and biochemical-hematological tests including the evaluation of the Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time, Prothrombin Time, Thrombin Time and electron microscopy fibrin network imaging. The substantial antimicrobial and antifungal activities of the Poly(Lactide)-Copper composite suggests potential applications as an antibacterial/antifungal material. The unmodified Poly(Lactide) fabric showed accelerated human blood plasma clotting in the intrinsic pathway, while copper plating abolished this effect. Unmodified PLA itself could be used for the preparation of wound dressing materials, accelerating coagulation in the case of hemorrhages, and its modifications with the use of various metals might be applied as new customized materials where blood coagulation process could be well controlled, yielding additional anti-pathogen effects.

Blood coagulation system in experimental acute lung injury and its treatment with dexamethasone

The effects of short- and long-term administrations of dexamethasone on survival, severity of pulmonary edema, and hemostasis on experimental lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in rats were analyzed. Acute lung injury in rats was modeled by the intratracheal injection of lipopolysaccharide from the Salmonella enterica cell wall. White male rats were randomly divided into nine groups: the intact group consisted of 10 animals; two control groups of 20 animals each, in which acute lung injury was simulated without further treatment and removed from the experiment on day 3 or 7; six comparison groups of 20 animals each, in which, 3 h after modeling of acute lung injury and then once a day for 3 days (short mode of administration) or 7 days (long mode of administration), dexamethasone solution was administered intraperitoneally in the following doses: 0. 52 (equivalent to 6 mg/day for humans), 1. 71 (20 mg/day for humans), and 8 mg/kg/day (94 mg/day, pulse therapy for humans). On days 3 and 7, the survival rate, coagulogram values (active partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, activity of antithrombin, and soluble fibrin monomer complexes), and low-frequency piezotromboelastography data were assessed in the surviving animals. The results revealed that dexamethasone reduces mortality in acute lung injury and has a dose-dependent effect on the hemostasis system: with an increase in the dose administered, blood clotting processes increase and fibrinolysis is inhibited. Low-frequency piezothromboelastography with a conventional coagulogram allows for a comprehensive assessment of the hemostasis system, identifying violations, and timely drug correction.

Detection of blood coagulation in an extracorporeal circuit using magnetic and absorbance properties

In extracorporeal circulation, intra-circuit blood coagulation can lead to serious problems. However, intra-circuit coagulation cannot be monitored in real-time and is only intermittently monitored by measuring the activated clotting time (ACT). As blood clotting progresses in a circuit, the color of the blood turns from bright red to dark red. And, changes in blood coagulation can be detected using devices with optical sensors because the absorbance is likely to change as blood coagulates. However, the absorbance may also increase when oxygen partial pressure is altered by artificial lungs. Thus, there is a need for a device that is not affected by blood oxygenation. Therefore, we used a magnet and a flux meter to assess changes in the magnetic force with blood coagulation. Thus, there is a need for a device that is not affected by blood oxygenation. Therefore, we used a magnet and a flux meter to assess changes in the magnetic force with blood coagulation. Measurements were made at different flux intensities to capture the magnetic flux changes during blood coagulation. Blood (100 ml) was stored in a beaker. Calcium chloride (CaCl2: 0.2 ml) was then added to the beaker to promote coagulation. Blood from the beaker was drawn into a syringe and set in the magnetic flux measurement fixture, and a magnet was fixed on top of the syringe for 24 min. The flux meter readings increased as the blood coagulated. The results suggest that it is possible to capture magnetic flux density changes during the process of blood coagulation. From the above may lead to the development of a device that monitors coagulation in extracorporeal circuits in real time by monitoring two aspects of the coagulation process: absorbance and magnetic flux density.