Argumentation Process Research Articles

Methods of judicial argumentation in case of semantic uncertainty of a legal text

While in non-legal texts linguistic uncertainty either does not hinder normal linguistic practices or can be removed by clarifications, the elimination of uncertainty in legal texts is complicated since peculiarities of legal language precludes its complete exclusion. Accordingly, the task of overcoming legal uncertainty is delegated to the judge and the question arises as to what methods of dealing with the legal text are applicable. The article examines the approaches distinguished in the theory of legal argumentation to assess whether they can offer a methodology which will be able to overcome the policy consequences of the language “open texture” as a characteristic of uncertainty of the natural language in which legal texts are presented by formalizing the process of choosing one of the possible options of the legal text interpretation in judicial decisions. The author concludes that the methods to deal with an uncertain legal text offered by the topicalrhetorical and dialectical approach are limited to the formulation of requirements for the process of argumentation (which do not guarantee absolute predictability of the decision to be made), as well as criteria to evaluate the justification of the decision retrospectively. In turn, the possibility to critically assess the arguments limits the arbitrariness, forcing the judge to follow standards of acceptability and sufficiency of the reasoning to justify their decision.

A multidisciplinary perspective on the knowledge economy and society

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The skilful acquisition and use of available knowled­ge resources can be a factor in increasing the effectiveness of management processes. It directly influences the level and effectiveness of priorities. The aim of this article is a comparative study of the existing relevant literature with a multidisciplinary perspective on aspects of the knowledge economy and society.
 THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: The data presented in the article are based on a relevant literature review (both book and article publications) and provides a spectrum of comparisons of views, theories and publications from the fields of organisational forms, knowledge models and KM, as well as the social dimension of qualitative modelling theory.
 THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: The time of being the best is over. The era of being exceptional has begun. It is through the skills, knowledge and competences of employees as key elements influencing development that a competitive advantage can be secured. Knowledge is seen as a strategically important resource in this aspect.
 RESEARCH RESULTS: The results provide a review of the achievements in individual fields, as well as selective task and function areas in the academic dimension. Particular attention was paid to the perception of the issue of qualitology (1970s). Models of knowledge management KM, social capital are juxtaposed, and the importance of the socio-economic influences observed in terms of the behaviour, expectations and choices of a modern society (often referred to as a consumer society) is highlighted.
 CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Due to the relatively short period in which the described issues have functioned, any results and research attempts made in this area are interesting and valuable. Particularly cross-sectional works, which enable a clear compilation of the progress of individual theories against economic practice and the possibility of determining the future direction of their development.

Knowledge of financial management practices of listed SMEs

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: Small and medium businesses are constantly driving economic prosperity. The SME sector accounts for the overwhelming majority of enterprises, i.e. 99.8%, both in Poland and in the EU as a whole. Therefore, the aim of this article is to verify the research hypothesis assuming that Knowledge Management (KM) plays a key role in the financial management of small and medium-sized listed companies, especially in terms of investment decisions.
 THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: The research method used in this article will be the analysis of stock market data describing as a not very satisfied financial condition of small and medium listed companies in times of broad economic crises, which mainly include the pandemic time and the armed conflict in Ukraine. On the basis of selected financial data, estimate an econometric model was created to help explain the mechanism of changes occurring the financial condition of the listed business entities.
 THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: A literature review confirming the important role of knowledge management including the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) methodology in financial situation of the joint-stock companies. The current state of the global economy is leading to a dangerous situation in which it is becoming increasingly difficult to maintain a secure financial cushion.
 RESEARCH RESULTS: Estimation of an econometric model is expected to confirm the research hypothesis that KM plays a key role in the financial management of small and medium-sized listed companies, especially in terms of their investment decisions in range of using innovative method as BSC.
 CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS: The article explains the key role of KM in the financial management of small and medium-sized listed companies during crises. The results of the estimated model can serve the more effective management of SMEs listed on NewConnect and other alternative trading floors around the world.

Selective knowledge concealment – the influence of culture and mental models vs. the ability to share knowledge

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: Knowledge management (KM) issues support the possibility of achieving competitive advantage. However, it is not a simple process, as knowledge sharing does not come naturally. Hence, there is a need for research on individual, team and organisational antecedents using a wider range of methods. Investigating the causes of selective knowledge concealment is the main objective of the article, as well as the impact of organisational culture and the determinants of knowledge concealment or sharing by employees.
 THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: Individual in-depth interviews were conducted with managers and employees to collect empirical data, while thematic content analysis was used to analyse the collected data and draw conclusions.
 THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: Perceptions of the world and of organisations are shared by people from a given environment. Mental models take into account the multifaceted nature of the phenomena under study: perception, focus and experience. The beliefs held by employees are important because they imply management actions at all levels: tactical, operational and strategic.
 RESEARCH RESULTS: Employees do not hide their knowledge automatically but selectively. They subliminally assess the value of the knowledge sought, the value of the seeker, the immediate situation and wider contextual and organisational factors. Interestingly, respondents surveyed were more likely to share knowledge with foreign colleagues from a different national culture than with colleagues of the same nationality and cultural background.
 CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: A number of recommendations of an applied nature were presented in the article. It is important to create a common willingness to share knowledge among employees. A skilful increase in social capital should foster a decrease in the concealment of valuable knowledge and at the same time increase the extent of sharing. An efficient reward system, individually designed for the needs of the organisation, could support this process.

Soft skills among academics: Five theoretically informed lessons for current times

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive examination of the role of soft skills among academics in the context of the evolving higher-education landscape.
 THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: We use a scoping review of existing literature to discuss the importance of soft skills in academia. Through critical analysis and synthesis, we identify patterns and gaps in current knowledge and develop five theoretically informed lessons to improve practice and theory.
 THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: A unique theoretical blending of five theories (resource-based, dynamic capabilities, cultural learning, implicit leadership, and human capital) forms the conceptual framework we used to arrive at our conclusions.
 RESEARCH RESULTS: Our first conclusion emphasizes that soft skills are essential for a competitive advantage in the performative culture of neoliberal academies. Second, we emphasize that updating soft skills is crucial in order to respond to the changing higher-education environment. Third, going beyond the universal view of academia as a sharply hierarchical industry, we demonstrate how building relationships with stakeholders is necessary for academic skill development. Our fourth lesson explores the implications of different evaluators’ perceptions of soft skills, highlighting the need for recognition of their value. The ultimate lesson highlights the need to invest in the skills of academics.
 CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS: We consolidate existing theoretical approaches and overcome theoretical fragmentation to arrive at a comprehensive and theoretically grounded set of lessons for those interested in developing and utilizing soft skills among academics in the unique context of the ever-changing higher-education environment. We challenge the norms of neoliberal academia and call for the development of realistic policies and procedures that promote a respectful, collaborative, and sustainable higher-education environment.

The efficiency of eco-innovation activities in EU countries. The DEA approach

RESEARCH OBJECTIVES: Innovation is a significant factor in socio-economic development, and it is principal in achieving a competitive advantage among enterprises, regions, and countries. The purposes of this paper are: (1) to present, on the basis of the available literature, the essence and metrics of eco-innovation activities in EU countries, (2) to analyze the effectiveness of eco-innovation activities in EU countries using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method.
 THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: The research primarily focuses on a review of the recent literature and an analysis of the efficiency of eco-innovation activity using the DEA method. The empirical analysis is based on the Eco-innovation Scoreboard.
 THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: The analysis mainly determines the efficiency of eco-innovation. The theoretical basis for the considerations is a diagnosis of the existing state of eco-innovation in EU countries.
 RESEARCH RESULTS: The results illustrate the efficiency of eco-innovation activity in some EU countries against the backdrop of other EU countries. The analysis of eco-innovation activities and strategies to support them in the EU countries presented in this study is based on a diagnosis of the current state of their economies in this area using the methods of DEA and literature review. The results of this research enable us to draw concrete conclusions on the efficiency of eco-innovation activities.
 CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS: The results of the Eco-innovation Scoreboard for these countries illustrate an inefficient use of materials, water and energy resources, as well as low resource productivity. The gaps in this scope between Central-Eastern and Western EU countries are diminishing, but there are still institutional, legislative, and economic shortcomings in eco-innovation that should be addressed. The analysis indicates the level of eco-innovation development in EU countries, its efficiency, and the potential for supporting activity in this field by these countries.

Communication about rebranding: the case of Polish listed companies

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: Rebranding is a crucial driver of modern marketing strategies that can only be successful if appropriately communicated to society. This research aims to explain which rebranding-related information companies disclose in their communication on this process using various information dissemination channels.
 THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: To examine the content of 200 disclosures about rebranding, we used topic modelling, which identifies latent patterns of word co-occurrence using computer algorithms and the distribution of words in the analyzed corpus (set of documents). We applied an unsupervised Bayesian machine-learning approach for topic modelling called latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA), a cutting-edge method that is still not widely used by scholars.
 THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: Rebranding pays out over the lifetime of a company, but society has to be appropriately informed of this decision. The information should be comprehensive, disclosed through multiple channels, and addressed to all stakeholders. However, the question is whether this theoretical knowledge finds its application in companies’ practice. We researched each rebranding case of all Polish companies listed on the WSE since 1991 and analyzed how they communicated their rebranding through diverse types information disclosure.
 RESEARCH RESULTS: Polish companies are very selective, both in the content of information disclosed and the communication channels they use. They tend to avoid explaining the reasons for rebranding that are vital for society. Information is mainly disclosed through company websites or press releases and primarily has an informal character. They ignore official stock exchange communication channels, even though rebranding information could greatly influence financial performance and value creation.
 CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Our findings implicate a need to increase listed companies’ awareness concerning the importance of communicating marketing strategy and its potential benefits in the creation of investor relations.

Rethinking non-governmental organizations – at the crossroad of economics and civil society

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The article aims to close the existing knowledge gaps, show why non-governmental organizations are founded and maintained, and elaborate and systematize the existing knowledge through an analysis of the existing subdisciplines within economics, laying the groundwork for the economics of non-governmental organizations.
 RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: The article was written based on a structured literature review with an approach similar to the grounded theory method. The research question is: Why are NGOs founded and what is their modus operandi?
 PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: After determining the research question, literature evidence was collected from a variety of sources, which led to the creation of a theoretical explanatory model. Nevertheless, a deductive, top-down approach has been taken to present the final model in a more comprehensible and transparent way.
 RESEARCH RESULTS: Based on the institutional hierarchy of O.E. Williamson and drawing from the theoretical framework of the economics of the public sector and the motives behind the sharing economy, a model was built that explains why NGOs are founded and maintained, thus elucidating the route from social theory (in particular, institutional environments) all the way to undertaking actions to solve a given issue.
 CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS: The article influences and enhances the current state of knowledge regarding non-governmental institutions, including the placement of NGOs in particular disciplines within economics. It also significantly supports researchers doing subsequent studies regarding this area of social science. After further research in the proposed direction, more practical implications may arise in the future, including improvements in the management of NGOs that will facilitate their more efficient operation.

The importance of the role of time in the adaptation process of traditional emigrants

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The article’s primary goal is to identify the factors that contribute to traditional emigrants’ adaptation to foreign postings in international corporations in Poland, with particular emphasis on the role of time. At the same time, the essential intention of this research pilot is to verify the research tool.
 THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: The article presents the current scientific achievements in expatriate adaptation, particularly emphasizing the longitudinal dimension. The pilot study results presented in the empirical part were carried out using the case study method, and the research tool was an interview questionnaire.
 THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: To better understand the motives, factors, barriers, and starting points that dynamically occur over time and influence adaptation in different dimensions and areas, Haslberger, Brewster, Hippler 3D model.
 RESEARCH RESULTS: The main goal of the qualitative pilot study was the initial exploration of the area of expatriate adaptation. The study results fill the research gap by a) using an innovative 3-D model, b) identifying the speci­fics of this model’s adjustment, importance, and challenges in the international context, and c) showing the crucial role of the longitudinal dimension in the adjustment process.
 CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Few Polish researchers dealing with the issue of emigrants’ adaptation have considered the role of time in this process. It should, therefore, be emphasized that this work is new in Polish literature and fills a research gap. Practitioners responsible for adapting expatriates (AEs), knowing the time needed for an AE to adapt to the delegation country’s culture, attitudes, and behaviors, can more effectively determine the goals the employee should achieve. Therefore, having a tool that indicates facilitating factors, motives, or barriers, they can more consciously prepare a training package before entering the market and adjust its intensity over time.

Responsible research and innovation transfer: The perspective of universities

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The aim of this paper is to answer the research question: Which issues play crucial roles in universities’ responsible research and the innovation transfer process? The tool used to achieve the aim of the study was analysis of the specific role of the concept of responsible research and innovation transfer from universities to the economy.
 THE RESEARCH PROBLEMS AND METHODS: The research results can generate innovations that can be transferred to the economy. Considering all stakeholders of innovations transferred from universities to the economy, the criteria of evaluating innovations in terms of responsibility should be studied. The research method is based on literature analysis.
 THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: The article begins with a literature review in the area of research and responsible innovation. Then, an attempt is made to synthetically analyze the dimensions of responsible innovation in order to formulate a basis for further inference. In the next part of the study, we used six dimensions of responsibility to explore the process of innovation transfer from universities to the economy.
 RESEARCH RESULTS: The article shows that on the basis of the assumptions of the concept of responsible research and technology transfer, it is possible to create a framework that is the basis for evaluating the activity of a university in relation to the economic environment. Moreover, the Quadruple Helix framework of innovation is the most relevant tool to analyze actors and their interactions in an innovation ecosystem.
 CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Responsible innovation dimensions such as inclusion, anticipation, responsiveness, reflexivity, sustainability, care could be considered as a basis for evaluating universities’ technology transfer process.

Crisis of Parental Conflict: Impact on Children and Families

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: This article explores the impact of parental conflict crises on children and families, focusing on the traumatic situations caused by recurrent disagreements. These crises generate unease, worry, and perplexity, compromising emotional regulation and social abilities. They can lead to behavioural problems and academic underachievement, as they compromise emotional regulation and social abilities. The article aims to understand the complexities of these situations and their potential consequences for children and families.
 THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHOD: The study investigates the impact of parental conflict on children’s emotional, psychological, and relational well-being. It employs a detailed assessment of reference material, self-reporting, and direct observation methodologies to understand the negative effects on children’s performance.
 THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: After discussing the impact of domestic conflicts on children’s self-esteem, the presentation moved on to cognitive and emotional dysregulation, the relationship between resilience, risk, and crisis, the need to develop persistence and the influence of cultural values in the development of such perseverance, gender concerns, and early intervention.
 RESEARCH RESULTS: Conflicting parents have a substantial impact on a child’s subjective well-being. Prolonged stress can lead to sleep disorders, reduced immune systems, and chronic health problems. Prolonged disagreements can impact relationships, boundaries, and emotional control well into adulthood.
 CONCLUSION, RECOMMENDATION AND APPLICABLE VALUE OF RESEARCH: Parental disagreements require interventions at various levels, including counseling, therapy, mediation services, and a holistic approach. Counseling and therapy help children process feelings and strengthen coping skills, while mediation guides parents through separation or divorce processes, prioritizing their children’s best interests and maintaining stable family dynamics and good childhoods.

Mitigating the Risks and Vulnerabilities during COVID-19 Pandemic: Emerging Solidarities With-in the Migrant Neighbourhood of Delhi, India

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The article explores migrant children’s lives and emerging solidarities in the selected neighbourhood (a squatter-slum) during the early phase of COVID-19 pandemic induced lockdown. Children’s lives within the family, as community member and mutual relationship in the moments of risk and resilience are explored.
 THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: Belonging to marginalised group, for children and their families, the COVID-19 lockdown period added multiple layers of disadvantage. Children’s lives are explored with ethnographic fieldwork (as part of the broader study initiated in 2017) and during the lockdown period (early 2020) with telephonic interviews.
 THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: The article establishes migrant children’s contribution who despite being doubly disadvantaged in an adult centric society, actively shape and co-build the social spaces. Drawing upon Walby’s work on crisis; the New Sociology of Childhood, children are reinstated as collaborators, presenting the adaptation strategies of children to sustain and cope during the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic.
 RESEARCH RESULTS: Risk and resilience have become normalised part of the lived reality of migrant children’s lives. Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic the risks got elevated and with it the adaptive coping strategies at the level of family and neighbourhood emerged that helped in mitigating the risks to some extent.
 CONCLUSIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS AND APPLICABLE VALUE OF RESEARCH: The article demonstrates migrant children as collaborators and recommends (i) considering children’s voices and participation while framing policies, programmes, and schemes, and (ii) to view children as expert of their lives, active members, reiterating recognition of their role at various fronts.

Protecting and Educating Children on the Move in UNICEF and UNHCR Documents

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this article is to show, based on UNICEF and UNHCR documents, the problems of migrant children that hinder/impede their inclusion in the education of the host community and to identify ways to deal with these problems.
 THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: Using document analysis, I will answer the following questions: What threats are children on the move exposed to? What are the priority areas for action? How can they be protected and integrated into the new education system?
 THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: The paper presents the causes and risks associated with migration for children, important concepts for educational practice, recommendations and proposed solutions
 RESEARCH RESULTS: The documents show the risks faced by children on the move. Such children are often marginalized and stigmatized in host communities. Ensuring their well-being (meeting their psychological needs and respecting their rights) is a priority and a necessary condition for them to be able to start education. The discussion shows the importance of education in dealing with difficult conditions or in counteracting negative phenomena (discrimination, xenophobia). Education is treated as capital that is supposed to give these children a chance for a better future.
 CONCLUSIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS AND APPLICABLE VALUE OF RESEARCH: The following conclusions can be drawn for practice from UNICEF and UNHCR documents: children on the move should have the same rights and opportunities for education as their peers in host com- munities; they need friendly and safe places to live, play and learn; children have resources and experiences that should be considered when organizing educational environments.

The Impact of the War and Migration Crises on the Functioning of Children and Refugee Families From Ukraine in Poland. Research Report

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: Identification of challenges and preliminary recommendations for working with refugee families in Poland.
 THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: The study aims to identify challenges shared by previous and Ukrainian refugee families in Poland and is a part of ongoing qualitative, study where ethnopedagogical method, narrative interviews, critical case sampling and key/purposive case sampling were used. In further studies (triangulation) sensitive cases sample will be used. 
 THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: The aim of the research is to diagnose challenges common to refugee families and, in further research, specific to Ukrainian families in Poland.
 RESEARCH RESULTS: Problems common to both groups of refugee families include: experiencing the disaster curve, acculturation stress, and specific experiences of migrating children and families.
 CONCLUSIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS AND APPLICABLE VALUE OF RESEARCH: The recommendations suggest selected ways of solving the problems of refugee families by professionals working with them.

State Interference With the Scope of Parental Responsibilities – Comparative Legal Analysis

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The article presents a comparative analysis of legal regulations in selected (according to the author’s research interests) European countries regulating issues related to state interference with the scope of parental authority/responsibility, the grounds for this interference and the forms of modification of parental rights and responsibilities.
 THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: The author is looking for answers to questions: In what circumstances the interference of state authorities in the sphere of parental rights is possible/necessary? What form can such interference take in the laws of selected countries? Who has the right/obligation to request such interference? The author used the method of analysis of ad- equate legal provisions of selected countries.
 THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: Analysing the provisions in force in the internal legislation of Poland, Hungary, Norway and Sweden, the author presented adopted legal solutions regulating issues related to the scope of interference with the parental responsibility/authority of the child’s parents in the event of its improper implementation.
 RESEARCH RESULTS: The analysis of legal provisions regulating the issue of parental responsibilities indicates that each of the four legal systems examined provides for situations in which it is necessary for state authorities to interfere in the sphere of parental rights and responsibilities.
 CONCLUSIONS RECOMMENDATIONS AND APPLICABLE VALUE OF RESEARCH: Presented considerations constitute a general overview of the regulations in force in individual countries and, as such, are only an introduction to in-depth reflection on the optimization of the subject scope of social policy.

The Educational and Health Impact of COVID-19 on Children With Special Needs: A Systematic Review

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: Governments across the world were forced to impose social distancing and lockdown measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19, caused by coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 that emerged in December 2019. Following the declaration of COVID-19 as a pandemic, the disruptions, including restrictive measures such as school closures had severe impacts on the physical, emotional and mental health of all people, especially children with special needs. There was also scant data, particularly in low-to-middle-income countries. Existing literature stems mostly from western countries, thus the need to perform a comprehensive review on this topic.
 THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: The primary objective of the systematic review is to understand the impact of COVID-19 and restrictive measures such as school closures on the educational outcomes and physical and mental health of school-going children with special needs.
 THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: This systematic review used the PRISMA 2020 checklist where four databases and grey literature were searched for full text articles, peer reviewed publications in the English language that were published during January 2019–December 2021.
 RESEARCH RESULTS: The literature search identified 1294 publications, of which 25 key papers were selected. These studies investigate the impact on children with special needs across the globe, with a majority of papers from Europe. We found that COVID-19 and the digitalization of schooling had severe impacts on the physical and mental health of children with special needs and their parents/caregivers.
 CONCLUSIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS AND APPLICABLE VALUE OF RESEARCH: These studies highlight the need for an inclusive school environment to ensure that the learning outcomes for children everywhere are achieved. Further, a hybrid model that includes classroom learning with novel inventive methods would be beneficial for children with special needs.

A House, a Home: Examining the Relationship Between Abandonment and Memory Through Minco’s The Address and Sumar’s Silent Waters

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The aim of the article is to deepen the understanding of the process of coping with a traumatic situation or experience and coming to terms with emotional or material loss over a period of time with reference to historical narratives The Address by Marga Minco and Silent Waters by Sabiha Sumar.
 THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS :The research problem is to analyze the relationship shared between emotional and materialistic abandonment and the effects of such adversities on children. The research method is the method of comparative narrative analysis: a thematic analysis of the two narratives with the help of drawing a correlation between a short story and a film, both depicting the post-traumatic lives of their protagonists.
 THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: The research process was a comparative analysis. The first step was developing theoretical foundations for understanding the problem. Then, I focused on the comparative analysis of the two narratives. 
 RESEARCH RESULTS :The comparative analysis of the collected material showed the need for history to rely on the power of narrative in order to understand conflict and trauma. Through the plot of both texts, it is seen that memory and abandonment share a complex relationship with each other. Trauma, even though left much behind with the intention to move on, may garner in present life, causing one to take life-altering decisions.
 CONCLUSIONS, RCOMMENDATIONS AND APPLICABLE VALUE OF RESEARCH: There is a need to understand the relationship shared by abandonment, subsequent trauma, and memory. These narratives shed light on the need to understand collective trauma faced by children and the way that trauma is carried on through the generations. In the quest to move on, trauma seldom rests, and war-based atrocities direct individual lives much after their physical culmination. 

Ortaokul Matematik Öğretmeni Adaylarının Derslerindeki Argümantasyon Sürecine İlişkin Fark Etme Becerilerinin İncelenmesi

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı ortaokul matematik öğretmeni adaylarının matematik derslerinde argümantasyon sürecini destekleyecek soru ve eylemleri nasıl fark ettiklerini incelemektir. Durum çalışması ile desenlenen bu araştırmanın katılımcıları, araştırmaya gönüllü olarak katılan dört ortaokul matematik öğretmeni adayıdır. Çalışmanın verilerini her bir öğretmen adayının gerçek sınıf ortamında gerçekleştirdiği derslerin video kayıtları ve öğretmen adayları ile derslerine ilişkin yapılan bireysel görüşmelerin video kayıtları oluşturmaktadır. Öğretmen adaylarının ders anlatımları argümantasyon sürecini destekleyici soru ve eylemler açısından, görüşmeler ise ders anlatımlarında argümantasyon sürecine ilişkin fark ettikleri durumlar açısından analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonuçları öğretmen adaylarının derslerinde oluşturabildikleri argümantasyon süreçleri kadar oluşturma olasılıkları olan argümantasyon süreçlerinin de farkında olduğunu göstermiştir. Fark etme bileşenleri bağlamında öğretmen adayları derslerinde en fazla dikkat etme bileşenine ilişkin görüş belirtmişlerdir. Ulaşılan sonuçlar ayrıca öğretmen adaylarının dikkat ettikleri durumlar kapsamlı olmasına rağmen bu durumları yeterince yorumlayamadıklarını ve karşılık veremediklerini göstermektedir.

Argumentative indicators in the adjudication of Russia-Ukraine dispute. A pragma-dialectical study

The context of Russia–Ukraine war has given sufficient reasons to consider any standpoint of argumentation significant and potentially groundbreaking in dealing with threat and conflict. This article reports the findings of a pragma–dialectical study of argumentative indicators in the adjudication of a Russia–Ukraine dispute which mark the judgement–based understanding and arguments–infused processes that give solid grounds to establish the strategy of dealing with war. Linguistic choices in the form of argumentative indicators constitute keystones in the critical discussion, allowing the reconstruction and identification of speech act moves that are to be found in the patterned route of argumentation. As this analysis shows, the organisation of FTAs parameters and propositional attitude indicators significantly contribute to the sequentiality and complementariness of the argumentation process which proves to be highly effective and reasonable. Given the specificity of an adjudication as a type of a genre, its judiciary contextualisation, and legislative power, it is suggested that this argumentative practice makes for a threat and risk management strategy.

Scottish Gaelic Movement and Celtic Identity: An Comunn Gaidhealach at the Turn of the Twentieth Century

An Comunn Gaidhealach, as the main representative of the Scottish Gaelic Movement in the late nineteenth century, pursued the essential objectives of cultivating, teaching, and promoting Gaelic language, literature, music, and culture. Its members closely collaborated with their counterparts from other so-called Celtic countries, which subsequently resulted in the formation of other pan-Celtic institutions around 1900. The countries involved supported each other in achieving similar goals through common initiatives. This article explores the nature of Celtic connections through the study of the self-representation of the Gaelic language movement. It defines the most articulated topics for An Comunn Gaidhealach and identifies to what extent Celticism was part of the society’s self-representation. An Comunn Gaidhealach looked at the experience of other Celtic countries as a source of inspiration. While Celtic identity formed a negligible part of An Comunn Gaidhealach’s self-representation, a strong Celtic element was present in its discursive strategies and in the argumentation processes, both inspired by Welsh and Irish revivalist movements. The society defended Gaelic language rights, presented itself as a patron to Gaelic education, and organised the Mòd festival, all the while embracing all political and religious beliefs. The methodology of the research, inspired by Israeli sociologist Ruth Amossy, analyzes the discourse of An Deo-Gréine, the official magazine of An Comunn Gaidhealach. This perspective highlights how An Comunn Gaidhealach intended to be perceived, what discursive strategies it employed, and subsequently, how and to what extent there was a pan-Celtic aspect to its work. The results of the analysis are complemented by archival research. The conceptual framework of the study is embedded in comparative and transnational approaches to historical research. This approach is reflected in understanding the formation of collective identities from a perspective that transcends nation-states rather than focusing solely on a national context.