Universal Process Research Articles

Универсальный модуль обработки радиолокационной информации при проведении поисково-спасательных работ

PURPOSE. The goal of the authors is to develop a universal information processing module (UIPM), which provides communication environment between the module of the radar signal system and radar stations during search and rescue operations (SRO). Achieving the goal will result in the possibility of processing, synchronizing and transceiving radar data during SRO in real time. METHODS. Methods of modeling, compiling, synthesis and assembly, as well as temporal analysis method were used. It is advisable to use computer-aided design Quartus II of professional level. FINDINGS. UIPM during SRO was developed and its operation was implemented on the basis of processing, synchronizing and transceiving radar data. Module operation simulation in computer-aided design Quartus II of professional level was performed. The results of information processing confirmed: – transceiving data at a speed of 1 Mb/s between all blocks taking into account frequency allocation; – compatibility and synchronization of operations between elements using frequency to determine the range scale of finding casualties on the ground and under the rubble. RESEARCH APPLICATION FIELD. The obtained results make it possible to provide a fast communication environment for real-time processing and synchronizing radar data between the module of the radar signal system and radar stations during SRO. CONCLUSIONS. The use of the developed UIPM during SRO will allow synchronizing radar data on victims location (parameters) between the module of the radar signal system during search and rescue operations, as well as the physical nodes and blocks of the radar station. Transceiving information by control stations, the carrier and the complex of parameters of victims during search and rescue operations will also be provided.

Anticipatory Processing in a Verb-Initial Mayan Language: Eye-Tracking Evidence During Sentence Comprehension in Tseltal.

We present a visual world eye-tracking study on Tseltal (a Mayan language) and investigate whether verbal information can be used to anticipate an upcoming referent. Basic word order in transitive sentences in Tseltal is Verb-Object-Subject (VOS). The verb is usually encountered first, making argument structure and syntactic information available at the outset, which should facilitate anticipation of the post-verbal arguments. Tseltal speakers listened to verb-initial sentences with either an object-predictive verb (e.g., "eat") or a general verb (e.g., "look for") (e.g., "Ya slo'/sle ta stukel on te kereme," Is eating/is looking (for) by himself the avocado the boy/ "The boy is eating/is looking (for) an avocado by himself") while seeing a visual display showing one potential referent (e.g., avocado) and three distractors (e.g., bag, toy car, coffee grinder). We manipulated verb type (predictive vs. general) and recorded participants' eye movements while they listened and inspected the visual scene. Participants' fixations to the target referent were analyzed using multilevel logistic regression models. Shortly after hearing the predictive verb, participants fixated the target object before it was mentioned. In contrast, when the verb was general, fixations to the target only started to increase once the object was heard. Our results suggest that Tseltal hearers pre-activate semantic features of the grammatical object prior to its linguistic expression. This provides evidence from a verb-initial language for online incremental semantic interpretation and anticipatory processing during language comprehension. These processes are comparable to the ones identified in subject-initial languages, which is consistent with the notion that different languages follow similar universal processing principles.

APPLICATION OF DENOTATIVE ANALYSIS IN TEACHING CAREER-ORIENTED READING COMPREHENSION IN A NON-LINGUISTIC UNIVERSITY

Statement of the problem: As practice shows, teaching reading comprehension in a foreign language is a complex process that requires a clear organization of training activities to overcome various kinds of difficulties. Students find especially hard to read career-oriented texts. In the given article, the methodology of denotative analysis for teaching reading career-oriented texts, and the experience of its implementation in a non-linguistic university are considered. Results: The authors describe in detail the algorithm for making up a denotation graph when dealing with a career-oriented text, as well as the main techniques for using denotation graphs at different stages of reading, taking into account the type of reading and individual characteristics of students. In addition to while-reading exercises focused on understanding the contents and structural peculiarities of the text and the formation of semantic processing skills of what is read, pre-text exercises for recognition and development of linguistic means of expressing subject relations in the text are offered that are aimed at removing lexical and grammatical difficulties and contributing to the formation of receptive and productive professional vocabulary, as well as to the development of linguistic and contextual guesswork. Conclusion: It can be concluded that using denotative analysis methodology makes it possible to improve the efficiency of teaching career-oriented reading comprehension, and consequently, to enhance teaching a foreign language for a specific career. Denotation graphs can be used when teaching any type of reading in order to extract information at any stage of training. At the same time, it can also be stated that applying denotative career-oriented text analysis allows developing universal information processing skills necessary when working with any source, both in a foreign language and in a native one.

A comparative study on treatment seeking behaviour of geriatric population in rural and urban areas of district Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh

Background: Aging is a complex and universal life process. Treatment seeking behaviour in elderly is affected by socio-economic factors and by affordability, availability and accessibility of healthcare. Objectives: To study treatment-seeking behaviour of the study subjects. To compare treatment seeking behaviour among rural and urban study subjects. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in the Kanpur district. Selection of villages in rural and mohallas in urban areas was done using a multistage random sampling technique. A total of 600 subjects were studied, including 400 from urban areas and 200 from rural areas. Elderly persons>60 years of age, both males and females were included in the study. Results: Overall, out of 600 study subjects, 59.8% were taking treatment in rural areas and in urban areas 77.6% were taking treatment. In urban areas, more females availed treatment compared to rural areas. Majority of study subjects (56.5%) sought treatment from a government hospital. Only 36% subjects had health insurance. Conclusion: In Urban areas more subjects availed treatment as compared to rural areas. Majority of subjects sought treatment from government health facilities. Lack of financial support and long waiting time were major reasons for not availing health care.

METAFORA INDRAJĀLA KONSEP INTERKONEKTIVITAS SEMESTA DALAM VEDA

Indrajāla is the concept of universal holographic interrelationship which relates to energy, consciousness and continuity of universal multidimensional processes. This concept is related to Vedic Cosmology which denies separateness in the universe. This article describes the concept of Indrajāla in the Vedas which later became the central doctrine in Buddhism. This concept has great implications for the consciousness of mankind that everything is connected energetically through a net of illusions that are invisible, but have a real impact. This article was written based on literature research using Sri Aurobindo's Vedic interpretation. The results of this study indicate that the concept of Indrajāla has manifested in various forms and has become the main teaching in Mahayana Buddhism and subsequently reformulated into the concept of universal unity and interconnectedness. A complex interconnection network formed by the relationships between objects in a system, including social networks, particle interactions, and symbols representing ideas in the brain or intelligent computer system. The concept of a universal hologram is directly related to cosmic consciousness and the connectivity of energy in the universe. The implications of this concept will be able to build public awareness that one thought or event will have a wide impact, interrelatedness and interdependence between elements in the universe, including humans and the cosmos.

A novel application of transformer neural network (TNN) for estimating pan evaporation rate

For decision-making in farming, the operation of dams and irrigation systems, as well as other fields of water resource management and hydrology, evaporation, as a key activity throughout the universal hydrological processes, entails efficient techniques for measuring its variation. The main challenge in creating accurate and dependable predictive models is the evaporation procedure's non-stationarity, nonlinearity, and stochastic characteristics. This work examines, for the first time, a transformer-based deep learning architecture for evaporation prediction in four different Malaysian regions. The effectiveness of the proposed deep learning (DL) model, signified as TNN, is evaluated against two competitive reference DL models, namely Convolutional Neural Network and Long Short-Term Memory, and with regards to various statistical indices using the monthly-scale dataset collected from four Malaysian meteorological stations in the 2000–2019 period. Using a variety of input variable combinations, the impact of every meteorological data on the Ep forecast is also examined. The performance assessment metrics demonstrate that compared to the other benchmark frameworks examined in this work, the developed TNN technique was more precise in modelling monthly water loss owing to evaporation. In terms of predictive effectiveness, the proposed TNN model, enhanced with the self-attention mechanism, outperforms the benchmark models, demonstrating its potential use in the forecasting of evaporation. Relating to application, the predictive model created for Ep projection offers a precise estimate of water loss due to evaporation and can thus be used in irrigation management, agriculture planning based on irrigation, and the decrease in fiscal and economic losses in farming and related industries where consistent supervision and estimation of water are considered necessary for viable living and economy.

Categorization and representation in the language of the lexico-semantic field of the concept of «space»

Lexeme analysis, including spatio-temporal definitions, indicates a universal process of categorizing human knowledge in objective reality. The article presents a synthesis of philosophical and linguistic approaches to the analysis of the category «space», via using encyclopedic, philosophical and cultural, metaphorical dictionaries for systemic and multilevel lexico-semantic research. Language confirms the existence in our heads of various structures of knowledge about the world, which are based on such a unit of mental information as a concept. Images, representations, concepts or their combinations pictures, gestalts, schemes, diagrams, propo-sitions, frames are formed in the process of perceiving the world, they are created as a result of cognition, reflect and synthesize human experience and reality meaningful in different types of activity with the world. The components of thematic groups of spatial relationships have been described in details and various ways. Nominative-semantic groups of the linguistic implementation of the category «space» have also been examined and systematized.

Evidence-Based Classroom Observation Technique: An Interdisciplinary, Structured Approach to Classroom Observation.

Classroom observation is commonplace in higher education, but the process itself varies from school to school. A literature search revealed a lack of structured tools and universal interdisciplinary processes for postsecondary classroom observation. Thus, the Evidence-Based Classroom Observation Technique was developed to include both the tool and the interdisciplinary process.

Homo Viator

This research starts from the premise that in the 21st century shifting personal identities can be better understood in relation to other identity markers (such as traditional heritage, ethnicity, the historical past etc.). My overall objective in this paper is to place the concept of migration (Homo Viator, the man on a journey) in its broader cultural context and to address issues of diversity and permissiveness. Since we live in a globalised world with very different beliefs, societal ideals, moral values and community structures, our investigation on the topic is conducted within a pluralistic framework and from an interdisciplinary perspective. Given that we must face the difficulties in establishing a universal peace-building process through a comparative analysis of the man on a journey in the so called “Eastern” and „Western” civilisation area, such an approach will provide a well-grounded evaluation of the abovementioned trends, according to global standards, criteria and principles.

Aging and Wound Healing of the Skin: A Review of Clinical and Pathophysiological Hallmarks.

Aging is a universal process that can cause diminished function of organs and various diseases. The most striking consequences of aging can be seen visibly on the skin, which acts as a barrier against various external insults. Aging of the skin consists of intrinsic and extrinsic processes that work in concert and influence each other. Intrinsic aging involves biochemical degenerative processes that gradually takes place with age. Extrinsic aging are biochemical processes driven by external influences that lead to aging. There are significant morphological changes at all levels in aged skin that have a profound effect on the characteristics of the skin. Even though skin is subjected to damage by external insults, it is equipped with a healing capability in order to restore its normal structure and function. However, aging has a significant impact on the skin's healing function by prolonging the inflammatory phase and increasing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This shifts the healing process towards having more protein degradation, which can lead to chronic wound healing with an abundance of complications.

Building compact superconducting microwave resonators with Hilbert space-filling curves

Superconducting quantum computing is currently one of the most promising platforms for universal quantum information processing. The readout resonator is an essential integral part of a superconducting qubit, while its size is much larger compared to the Josephson junction. We propose and realize a new readout resonator using space-filling curves, specifically Hilbert space-filling curves. We introduce the frequency analysis method and demonstrate a qubit sample, in which the Hilbert-space-filling-curves resonator (HSFCR) is used to read out the qubit states. We also propose to fabricate the HSFCRs and Josephson junctions simultaneously in the same processes of E-beam lithography and E-beam evaporation. Our design reduces the resonator area sufficiently and, thus, will help to improve the integration of superconducting qubits, as well as to design other superconducting quantum devices.

Transmission of foreshock waves through Earth’s bow shock

The Earth’s magnetosphere and its bow shock, which is formed by the interaction of the supersonic solar wind with the terrestrial magnetic field, constitute a rich natural laboratory enabling in situ investigations of universal plasma processes. Under suitable interplanetary magnetic field conditions, a foreshock with intense wave activity forms upstream of the bow shock. So-called 30 s waves, named after their typical period at Earth, are the dominant wave mode in the foreshock and play an important role in modulating the shape of the shock front and affect particle reflection at the shock. These waves are also observed inside the magnetosphere and down to the Earth’s surface, but how they are transmitted through the bow shock remains unknown. By combining state-of-the-art global numerical simulations and spacecraft observations, we demonstrate that the interaction of foreshock waves with the shock generates earthward-propagating, fast-mode waves, which reach the magnetosphere. These findings give crucial insight into the interaction of waves with collisionless shocks in general and their impact on the downstream medium.

Societal knowledge quality as catalyst for the competitive productivity of technology: One in a set of several universal processes in trajectories of societal progress.

Studies of societal progress have tended to be discipline-based although they inevitably address issues with multiple determinants. Since an explanatory challenge is the great complexity of societal processes, analysis might benefit from a new perspective deliberately designed to foster a multi-disciplinary approach. In response, societal progress is conceived here as being built on a set of acquired competences consistently identified in the literature. These are seen in abstract terms as ‘universals’ required to first build a society's transformative capacity and then deal with the rising complexity. Such universals can be operationalized in distinct ways society by society. Nomothetic universals then interact with ideographic societal specifics to yield conjectures pending refutation. Free-market and State-directed societies are compared as sets of societal processes, here focusing on the role of knowledge to illustrate its central role in progress, and to show how societal processes can be critiqued comparatively for their effectiveness in development.

Thermo-Mechanical Processing as Method Decreasing Delta-Ferrite and Improving the Impact Toughness of the Novel 12% Cr Steels with Low N and High B Contents.

The universal thermo-mechanical processing including the interim long-term annealing together with forging for three 12% Cr martensitic steels with different alloying. This thermo-mechanical processing remarkably increases the impact toughness of these steels in wide temperature ranges and reduces the ductile-brittle transition temperature by 10-20 K. There is a 25 °C impact toughness of all 12% Cr steels subjected to the thermo-mechanical processing exceeds 60 J cm-2. Such an increment in impact toughness is accompanied with the significant changes in the structures of all 12% Cr steels with different alloying. The common feature for all 12% Cr steels subjected to the thermo-mechanical processing is found to be a noticeable decrease in delta-ferrite amount. In the steels containing Ta, the decrease in the mean size of prior austenite grains by 20-26% was revealed. For the 12% Cr steels with ultra-low N content, the thermo-mechanical processing provides the changes in the dispersion of M23C6 carbides and MX carbonitrides.

Fragmentation of the PAH cations of Isoviolanthrene and Dicoronylene: A case made for interstellar cyclo[n]carbons as products of universal fragmentation processes

The photo-induced fragmentation pathways of the cationic forms of isoviolanthrene (C34H18) and dicoronylene (C48H20) are systematically studied with mass spectrometry employing an ion trap coupled with a laser system. The mass spectra of these structurally different species display similar fragmentation products, akin to previous work on three dibenzopyrene isomers, but also display some differences. The products formed in the largest yields are pure carbon clusters, which are likely in the form of ionized cyclo[n]carbons (n = 11–15). These findings are relevant to get a full picture of the molecular makeup of interstellar space, particularly in heavily irradiated regions where polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules are omnipresent and subject to harsh irradiation and are broken down into smaller components. These interstellar species are expected to include the PAH derivatives observed here, but which are not identified in space yet.

Ozone therapy in the treatment of the elderly

Aging is a universal process of constant reducing of the functioning of a complex system over time, affecting all levels of its organization that impede self-renewal processes. In the structure of the geroprotective therapeutic effect, the main role is given to combat oxidative stress. The most important natural remedy without drugs with this property is the ozoneoxygen mixture, whose effect on the human body is verified by studies conducted both nationally and internationally. 119 patients who underwent outpatient treatment at the Ozone Center in Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, were examined, the basic diagnosis was coronary heart disease, stable angina CF II-III. Parenteral administration of ozonated saline normalizes the pro- and antioxidant serum balance of elderly patients with coronary heart disease. After a course of ozone therapy, there is a decrease in the level of lipid metabolism - total cholesterol, LDL-C, triglycerides. Intravenous administration of low ozone levels improves endothelial function by lowering high levels of nitric oxide and endothelin. Ozone therapy reduces the ability of platelets to aggregate and improves the rheological properties of the blood of elderly patients with coronary heart disease.

Customer’s Reviews on the Internet - Possibility of Promotion or a Threat for Enterprises

Abstract Nowadays, many customers start looking for their dream product or service by reading reviews published about them on the Internet. The universal process of digitization and easy access to the Internet allowed for the development of this type of information source. The problem is how to classify this phenomenon, whether the reviews published on the Internet are free advertising for a given enterprise or rather a threat related to the negative attitude of customers. The aim of this paper is to analyze the respondents’ approach to publishing reviews on the products and services they purchased. The author wanted to check whether the respondents had will to share their reviews with other Internet users, why they wrote such reviews, if they wrote more often positive or negative reviews. A short online survey, which was published in the period January 2021 - June 2021, was used as a source of information. The respondents were people using both traditional shops and e-shops who wanted to share their experience in writing reviews on the Internet.

Disability and the (dysbiotic) gut: Sensing, tasting and knowing with food.

This article offers insights into eating practices, conceptualising and making of 'good' food by people living with chronic disease. Based on ethnographic research focussing on people with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis and undefined IBD) in the Czech Republic, we explore what it would mean to conceptualise disability from the non-normative gut. We trace the practices of tinkering with foods and one's body, and ways of learning to sense (with) dysbiotic guts that people with IBD develop. Departing from the established notions of digestion and metabolism as universal biological processes, people with IBD create an embodied crip archive of knowledge through their eating practices, ways of making and sensing food and metabolic sampling. Most importantly, these practices offer, as we argue, new pathways into exploring crip embodiments as a place from which to acknowledge and do more-than-human collaboration, heath and ecologies.

Anomalous resonance between low-energy particles and electromagnetic plasma waves

Cyclotron resonance between plasma waves and charged particles is a fundamental and ubiquitous process in the plasma universe, during which the particle’s gyromotion has a constant phase in the wave field to enable a sustained energy exchange. In this classical picture, however, the particle’s angular velocity is determined only by the background magnetic field. Here, we show that the classical condition of cyclotron resonance fails to describe the observations of low-energy particles in resonance with large-amplitude waves, which highlights the roles of the wave field in nonlinearly modifying the resonant picture. The revised scenario of anomalous resonance is then validated by the agreement between test-particle simulations and ultrafast spacecraft measurements, which present in-phase and/or antiphase relationships between the wave magnetic field and ion flux oscillations at energy and pitch-angle ranges incompatible with the classical resonance condition. This revision could significantly affect the wave-particle energy exchange and wave evolution processes.

Stress induced aging in mouse eye.

Aging, a universal process that affects all cells in an organism, is a major risk factor for a group of neuropathies called glaucoma, where elevated intraocular pressure is one of the known stresses affecting the tissue. Our understanding of molecular impact of aging on response to stress in retina is very limited; therefore, we developed a new mouse model to approach this question experimentally. Here we show that susceptibility to response to stress increases with age and is primed on chromatin level. We demonstrate that ocular hypertension activates a stress response that is similar to natural aging and involves activation of inflammation and senescence. We show that multiple instances of pressure elevation cause aging of young retina as measured on transcriptional and DNA methylation level and are accompanied by local histone modification changes. Our data show that repeated stress accelerates appearance of aging features in tissues and suggest chromatin modifications as the key molecular components of aging. Lastly, our work further emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis and prevention as well as age-specific management of age-related diseases, including glaucoma.