Transformation Process Research Articles

Pengaruh Teknologi Informasi Terhadap Transformasi Digital dan Inovasi dalam Organisasi

In the rapidly evolving digital era, information technology (IT) serves as the backbone of the digital transformation process experienced by organizations across various sectors. Digital transformation goes beyond technology adoption; it entails fundamental changes in how organizations operate, innovate, and interact with customers and other stakeholders. This article reviews the impact of IT on digital transformation and innovation within organizations, highlighting how IT contributes to enhancing operational efficiency, accelerating the development of new products and services, and enriching customer experiences. Additionally, it explores the main challenges organizations face when adopting new technologies, such as high implementation costs, shifts in workplace culture, and data security risks. This study aims to help organizations understand the essential role of IT in supporting innovation and maintaining competitiveness in a dynamic market.

Evaluation of the genotoxic and transformation potential induced by asbestos compared to cleavage fragments

The World Health Organization has confirmed that asbestos fibres are carcinogenic, claiming that asbestos-related diseases should be eradicated worldwide. Actinolite, amosite, anthophyllite, chrysotile, crocidolite, and tremolite are regulated asbestiform mineral phases. However, in nature, asbestos minerals occur either in a fibrous and asbestiform (original morphology characterized by high length-to-width ratio and provided of high tensile strength and flexibility) or fibrous but not asbestiform appearance. This study used human epithelial cancer cells (A549) and a mouse fibroblast cell line (Balb/c 3T3) to compare the genotoxic and carcinogenic effects of a sample of amphibole asbestos with samples of fibrous not asbestiform named cleavage fragments (CV) obtained by grinding non-asbestiform amphiboles. The results showed that exposure of alveolar lung cells to asbestos and elongated mineral particles, in the habit of cleavage fragments (CF) derived from the grinding of non-asbestiform amphiboles and serpentines, causes cytotoxic effects, oxidative stress and genotoxic damage. Moreover, CF obtained from an actinolite schist induces a transformation effect in the Balb/c 3T3 model. Together, these findings highlight the importance of considering CF as a potential threat to human health since it can cause genotoxic damage by triggering cellular transformation processes that overlap with the mechanisms involved in the carcinogenesis processes of asbestos.

Density Functional Theory Study on Reconstruction and Reversible Transformation Processes of the ZZ57 Edge Structure in Carbon Materials: Effect of Na, K, and Ca.

The edge structures of carbonaceous materials exhibit temperature-dependent behavior on the atomic scale, with variations in the relative ratios of zigzag, reconstructed 5-7 zigzag (ZZ57), and armchair edges observed at different temperatures. Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying the interconversion of these edge structures and the influence of the surrounding metals remain unclear. This study investigates the reconstruction and reversible transformation processes of ZZ57 edge structures in carbon materials and examines the effects of different metal atoms (Na, K, and Ca) by using density functional theory. The simplified Z57 and A57 models are selected to simulate the microscopic reaction pathways at the isolated system level. Wave function analysis is conducted to determine the physical and chemical characteristics of ZZ57 edge structures and to predict the optimal adsorption positions of the metal atoms. Results indicate that the ZZ57 edge structure reconstruction and reversible transformation are exothermic reactions that proceed favorably in the forward direction. Analysis of the ten-membered ring in the transition state structure shows that the average bond order of the C-C bond is lower than that in the benzene ring system. Thermodynamic analysis shows that Na, K, and Ca atoms reduce the chemical equilibrium constant, thereby hindering the progress of the reactions. These findings not only provide specific theoretical insights into the transformation of the ZZ57 edge structure but also offer guidance for the precise design of carbon edges and the development of practical carbon materials.

Appreciative Inquiry for Inclusive Schools: Preliminary Results from a Scoping Review on Virtual Learning Environment (VLE)

Inclusion is widely recognized as one of the founding principles for the quality of educational institutions and it is strictly related to the ICF perspective. Actually, the conceptualization of educational needs is associated to the enhancement of everyone’s strengths and potential, and to the influence the (physical and social) environment may have. For these reasons schools should pay attention on these factors and on what is positive to lead to transformative and generative processes that may promote inclusion. In this sense, a useful framework may be that of the Appreciative Inquiry as it is strength-based process through which people act in partnership to determine and co-create how to move an organization forward. Based on this premises, this contribution aims at exploring existing literature on the adoption of this strength-based approach in the inclusive educational field and presenting preliminary results of a Scoping review. The PRISMA-ScR checklist will be used to report the review and five databases and global search engines. As a final point, this preliminary investigation will pay special attention to the adoption of the Appreciative Inquiry to encourage full participation and learning process of students who use Virtual Learning Environment at school. Results show that only few studies adopt the AI in this specific educational field, but an interesting investigation propose the adaptation of the Appreciative Learning. Hence, more studies should be done to make clear how this process may support inclusive process. Keywords: appreciative inquiry, inclusion, virtual learning environments, scoping review

Impact and mechanism of the TBX-22 gene mutation G874A on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in medial edge epithelial cells.

Cleft lip and palate (CL/P) are prevalent congenital anomalies with complex genetic causes. The G874A mutation of T-box transcription factor 22 (TBX-22) gene is notably associated with CL/P, while the underlying mechanism remains to be clarified. Studies have shown that the restriction of epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) process in medial edge epithelial cells (MEEs) is crucial for CL/P development. In our current research, primary MEEs, isolated and cultured from mouse embryos, were genetically introduced the TBX-22 G874A mutation and subsequently treated with TGF-β1. They were then utilized to test the hypothesis that the G874A mutation in TBX22 plays a role in the regulation of the EMT in MEEs. Our findings reveal that TBX22 reduces miR140-5p transcription by binding to its promoter, while miR140-5p downregulates TGFBR1 protein expression by targeting its mRNA 3'-UTR. In other words, TBX22 could indirectly positively regulates TGFBR1 expression post-transcriptionally. Functional cellular assays showed that the G874A mutation of TBX-22 counteracted TGF-β1-induced decrease in proliferation and migration. Western blotting results showed that the G874A mutation of TBX-22 inhibited EMT protein expression (α-SMA and Vimentin) and promoted E-cadherin in TGF-β1-induced MEEs. To summarize, our research reveals that the G874A mutation of TBX22 impedes the progression of EMT in MEEs through the upregulation of miR140-5p and the downregulation of TGFBR1. This highlights TGFBR1 as a viable target for the prevention of CL/P.

SPONGE-FEP: An Automated Relative Binding Free Energy Calculation Accelerated by Selective Integrated Tempering Sampling.

Computer-aided drug discovery (CADD) utilizes computational methods to accelerate the identification and optimization of potential drug candidates. Free energy perturbation (FEP) and thermodynamic integration (TI) play a critical role in predicting differences in protein binding affinities between drug molecules. Here, we implement SPONGE-FEP, which incorporates selective integrated tempering sampling (SITS) to enhance sampling efficiency and contains an automated workflow for relative binding free energy (RBFE) calculations. We first provide an overview of the workflow, which encompasses the generation of a perturbation map, alchemical free energy calculations, and cycle closure analysis. Two case studies were then performed to demonstrate the enhanced sampling of conformational states of ligands and proteins during the alchemical transformation process. The results show that the refined SITS method in SPONGE-FEP can significantly improve the sampling efficiency of rare events and the performance of RBFE predictions. Three series of comparative RBFE tests were conducted to demonstrate the accuracy of SPONGE-FEP, which is comparable to FEP+, using an average computation time of 4 h for a pair of ligands on an A100 GPU device.

MammoViT: A Custom Vision Transformer Architecture for Accurate BIRADS Classification in Mammogram Analysis

Background: Breast cancer screening through mammography interpretation is crucial for early detection and improved patient outcomes. However, the manual classification of mammograms using the BIRADS (Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System) remains challenging due to subtle imaging features, inter-reader variability, and increasing radiologist workload. Traditional computer-aided detection systems often struggle with complex feature extraction and contextual understanding of mammographic abnormalities. To address these limitations, this study proposes MammoViT, a novel hybrid deep learning framework that leverages both ResNet50’s hierarchical feature extraction capabilities and Vision Transformer’s ability to capture long-range dependencies in images. Methods: We implemented a multi-stage approach utilizing a pre-trained ResNet50 model for initial feature extraction from mammogram images. To address the significant class imbalance in our four-class BIRADS dataset, we applied SMOTE (Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique) to generate synthetic samples for minority classes. The extracted feature arrays were transformed into non-overlapping patches with positional encodings for Vision Transformer processing. The Vision Transformer employs multi-head self-attention mechanisms to capture both local and global relationships between image patches, with each attention head learning different aspects of spatial dependencies. The model was optimized using Keras Tuner and trained using 5-fold cross-validation with early stopping to prevent overfitting. Results: MammoViT achieved 97.4% accuracy in classifying mammogram images across different BIRADS categories. The model’s effectiveness was validated through comprehensive evaluation metrics, including a classification report, confusion matrix, probability distribution, and comparison with existing studies. Conclusions: MammoViT effectively combines ResNet50 and Vision Transformer architectures while addressing the challenge of imbalanced medical imaging datasets. The high accuracy and robust performance demonstrate its potential as a reliable tool for supporting clinical decision-making in breast cancer screening.

Entry Points, Barriers, and Drivers of Transformation Toward Sustainable Organic Food Systems in Five Case Territories in Europe and North Africa

Background: The organic sector is often suggested as a lever with a potential for contributing to the three dimensions of sustainability: social, environmental, and economic. This study aims to investigate selected organic initiatives and organic food sectors in different locations, such as capital cities, rural areas, and the bio-district in SysOrg project consortium, in the Warsaw municipality in Poland, North Hessia region in Germany, Cilento bio-district in Italy, Kenitra province in Morocco, and Copenhagen municipality in Denmark to uncover the diverse drivers, barriers, and entry points to enable a transformation process to resilient and sustainable organic food systems. Methods: Following the methodology of the SysOrg project, this study relied on the following mixed data collection methods: quantitative (a household survey distributed among citizens) and qualitative (semi-structured interviews with organized initiatives). Results: The results demonstrate that, despite being in different stages of development in the investigated territories, the organic sector is challenged by similar barriers (e.g., undeveloped market, regulatory/budgetary constraints, and lack of knowledge and awareness) and benefits from analogous drivers (e.g., awareness and education, community support, and incentives). Conclusions: Those similarities, but also analyses of their differences and origins, allowed us to establish critical entry points for the development of a sustainable organic food system, e.g., promoting organics through a top-down approach, providing training and education, reducing information delay, popularizing negative feedback, strengthening the effectiveness of a given incentives scheme by tailored nudging mechanisms, establishing country/regional specific traditional frames, making the system more inclusive, building organic communities, and awareness-building.

One‐pot Acid Catalytic Cyclization Synthesis of Imidazo[4,5‐c]pyrazoles and Pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidines from 5‐Amino‐4‐nitrosopyrazoles with Vilsmeier Reagent

The convenient and efficient one‐pot acid catalytic cyclization synthesis of imidazo[4,5‐c]pyrazoles or/and pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidines were individually developed by the reaction of 5‐amino‐4‐nitrosopyrazoles with Vilsmeier reagent (HCONH2/POCl3)under acid mediated solution. In the newly developed method of imidazo[4,5‐c]pyrazoles, 5‐amino‐4‐nitrosopyrazoles were used as starting materials and the transformation process was involved denitrosation, amidination form Vilsmeier reagent (HCONH2/POCl3), cyclization, substitution, and hydrogen migration five steps. This method would be inexpensive and applied to prepare the widely range of substituents at all positions of the imidazo[4,5‐c]pyrazole molecules. Additionally, 5‐amino‐4‐nitrosopyrazoles were also successfully converted to pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidines with Vilsmeier reagent (HCONH2/POCl3) under hard reflux reaction condition.

How Confucian values activate tourist environmentally responsible behavior? — an activated perspective of planned behavior

ABSTRACT Knowledge of how Chinese tourists’ behavior is subject to Chinese culture is limited. Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior and Trait Activation Theory, this study aims to explore how individuals with Confucian values are motivated by situational factors and environmental cognition to exhibit tourist environmentally responsible behavior (TERB) that aligns with Confucian principles. Employing an activated perspective of planned behavior, we propose that values trait facilitates TERB through environmental attitude, subjective norm, and environmental self-efficacy. Additionally, we suggest that behavioral reference enhances the transformation process from tourist to environmentalist. Quantitative data supports our main hypotheses. A qualitative study further explores alternative boundary mechanisms by which Confucian values promote TERB, including social and personal factors related to governmental environmental intervention and personal environmental resources. The findings offer insights into Easterners’ TERB, aiding in a better understanding of a specific tourist market and providing references for sustainable tourism destination development.

Farm size and agricultural productivity of nutritious foods: Evidence from Ethiopia

AbstractAgri‐food systems are transforming quickly in Africa. An important issue in the transformation process of agricultural production is the role of small farms. While many authors have looked at this question, one aspect that has received little attention is the role of small farms in the production of nutritious foods, an important topic given the low availability and relatively high prices of nutritious foods and the consequent low level of nutrition security in the continent. Using a unique large‐scale dataset from Ethiopia—one of the largest countries in Africa that has been transforming rapidly—we look at the production of vegetables and dairy products. We find a strong association between farm size and partial productivity measured in terms of output, value of outputs and profit per hectare/cow, with productivity twice to four times as high for larger farms. These farms have substantially higher input expenditures as well as differences in farm technologies compared to small ones. Our findings have important implications for the debate on the role of small farms and nutritional improvements in the continent.

Function of N-acetyltransferase in the biotransformation of aniline in green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

Phytoplankton plays a crucial role in the fate of pollutants in aquatic ecosystems by biotransformation and bioaccumulation. Aniline was listed in priority pollutants due to its toxicity and widespread distribution in the aquatic environment. This study focused on investigating the capacity and mechanism of eukaryotic alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in transforming aniline. Results showed that the total removal percentage of aniline was 56% within 8 days at an initial concentration of 10 mg · L-1. The percentage of the biotransformation by C. reinhardtii was 23.4%. The biotransformation product was identified as acetanilide, indicating that acetylation was the primary biotransformation pathway. To reveal the key enzyme of the biotransformation process, the N-acetyltransferase (NAT) gene was cloned from the C. reinhardtii genome, and the NAT protein was obtained through heterologous expression. Aniline was significantly transformed by the purified NAT protein invitro, and the product was also acetanilide. The characteristics of C. reinhardtii NAT in biotransformation of aniline was analyzed by bioinformatics methods. The binding sites in C. reinhardtii NAT for ligands (aniline and acetyl-CoA) were identified. Three highly reserved valine residues (Glu85-Asp86-Val87-Val88-Val89) as well as GLU131 and Cys122 were the indispensable amino acid residues for the catalysis from aniline to acetanilide. These results demonstrated the capacity of C. reinhardtii in the biotransformation of aniline, and the transformation process was primarily through N-acetylation of aniline to acetanilide catalyzed by NAT enzyme. This study provides novel insights into the biotransformation mechanism of aniline in eukaryotic green alga C. reinhardtii, facilitating the evaluation of the fate of aniline within aquatic ecosystems.

Assessment and Insights into the Awareness and Readiness of Organizations to Implement the Assumptions of Industry 5.0: An Examination of Five Polish Sectors

The aim of this study is to assess the level of awareness and readiness of organizations to implement the assumptions of Industry 5.0, as well as to identify the benefits and challenges associated with this process. The paper makes an original contribution by combining empirical analysis with the proposal of a practical model, enabling a better understanding of the technological and social transformation process in Polish organizations. The article presents an original model for implementing the assumptions of Industry 5.0, integrating technological, social, and organizational aspects, offering a comprehensive approach to transformation towards sustainable and human-centered development. The study was conducted among 556 Polish companies from five sectors: IT, automotive, industrial, service, and banking/financial, using a non-random sampling method and data analysis through techniques such as association rules and hierarchical clustering. The research results indicate that most organizations are familiar with the basics of the Industry 5.0 concept (25% full knowledge, 66% partial knowledge), but only a portion is engaged in the transformation process (59%), which typically takes place gradually (53%). The most commonly reported benefit of Industry 5.0 by organizations was improved product and service quality (73%), while the most frequently cited challenges included the need for staff training (58%), ensuring data and network security (53%), and modernizing infrastructure and systems (52%). Benefits such as improved product quality, increased production efficiency, and cost optimization are primarily recognized by companies in the IT and industrial sectors. At the same time, challenges such as the need to modernize infrastructure and ensure data security, as well as implementation costs, remain significant barriers, particularly for small- and medium-sized enterprises. The research findings have practical significance as they provide companies and decision-makers with guidance on effective planning and implementation of actions related to the implementation of Industry 5.0.

VICTIM TURNED PERPETRATOR: TRANSFORMING VICTIMIZATION EXPERIENCES INTO CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR

The phenomenon of victims transforming into perpetrators (Victim-Offender Overlap) in Indonesia is a phenomenon that is still developing. This study employs a qualitative approach to explore the process of transformation from victimization experiences to criminal behaviors, focusing on those with a history of victimization. Data collection involved purposive sampling and semi-structured interviews to gain in-depth insights into the victims' experiences and transformation processes of the informants. The findings of this study have proven to support and even complement the results of previous studies related to the transformation caused by the post-victimization experience, namely, Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE's), Other Forms of Victimization Experiences, and Other Adverse Experiences. These findings suggest that the transformation process is not only triggered by experiences in childhood, but also by experiences of victimizing in adulthood, so it is important to further explore the relationship between victimization and criminal behavior in a broader context.

Chemical Dissipation from Outdoor Plastics: The Significant Impact of Transformation Processes Revealed by Adjusted Mass Transfer Modeling.

Chemicals in plastics raise significant concerns for potential adverse environmental and health impacts. However, dissipation kinetics and fluxes of chemicals from outdoor plastic products remain largely uncharacterized, hindering the accurate assessment of their environmental exposure. This study quantified outdoor dissipation profiles for 20 "priority" chemicals, including sunscreens (benzophenone, benzophenone-3, octyl salicylate, etc.), phthalates, benzotriazole ultraviolet stabilizers (UV-P, UV-326, UV-327, etc.), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), from 3 types of plastic protective nets over 180 days. Results revealed that levels of sunscreens and PAHs decreased to less than 50% of their initial concentrations within 5 days. Adjusted mass transfer modeling by integrating transformation processes well reproduced the dissipation kinetics (median determination coefficients R2 = 0.82) and revealed synchronous release and transformation in the dissipation. Average dissipation half-lives of the chemicals were 19.7 days and positively correlated with the number of electron lone pairs and carbon atoms in the molecules. Unexpectedly, the transformation contributed 82.1% to the total chemical dissipation, especially for di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and UV-326. Suspect screening of formed products in PPNs suggested photolysis, ozone, and hydroxyl radical-induced oxidation as the primary transformation processes, supported by a high concentration of 2-ethylhexyl benzoate product comparable to its parent DEHP. These insights underscore the pivotal role of transformation in chemical dissipation from plastics, informing more precise emission assessment of chemicals and future efforts toward developing environmentally benign plastics.

Enhancement of Nitrogen Retention in Cow Manure Composting with Biochar: An Investigation into Migration and Regulation Mechanisms

Context: Biochar can affect the storage and forms of nitrogen; thus, it may also play a role in altering the nitrogen cycle during the fermentation process of cow dung into organic fertilizer. Objective: To elucidate the mechanism and process of nitrogen transformation during the composting of cow manure with biochar, a comparative experiment was conducted. Method: This study investigates the use of biochar as a medium to enhance nitrogen storage during the aerobic composting of cow manure. The effectiveness was verified through a rapid composting experiment. Result and Conclusions: The results demonstrated that adding 5% biochar to the compost pile increased the total nitrogen content in manure by 12%. Specifically, the pyrrolic nitrogen in the composted cow manure increased from 38% to 44%, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio improved from 35% to 37%. Analysis of surface functional groups indicated that the C=O and C=C bonds in biochar played a key role in modifying nitrogen storage. Microbial analysis showed that biochar could significantly enhance the regional competitiveness of microorganisms, such as Cellvibrio, thereby boosting the expression of functional genes involved in the nitrification process, including amoABC, hao, and nxrAB. Therefore, adding 5% biochar not only enhances nitrogen storage in organic fertilizer but also changes the microbial population structure. Significance: This study carries substantial implications for the application of Biochar in the field, as well as for the development of microbial fertilizers based on cow manure.

Bidirectional Semantic Communication Between Humans and Machines Based on Data, Information, Knowledge, Wisdom, and Purpose Artificial Consciousness

Large language models (LLMs) and other artificial intelligence systems are trained using extensive DIKWP resources (data, information, knowledge, wisdom, purpose). These introduce uncertainties when applied to individual users in a collective semantic space. Traditional methods often lead to introducing new concepts rather than a proper understanding based on the semantic space. When dealing with complex problems or insufficient context, the limitations in conceptual cognition become even more evident. To address this, we take pediatric consultation as a scenario, using case simulations to specifically discuss unidirectional communication impairments between doctors and infant patients and the bidirectional communication biases between doctors and infant parents. We propose a human–machine interaction model based on DIKWP artificial consciousness. For the unidirectional communication impairment, we use the example of an infant’s perspective in recognizing and distinguishing objects, simulating the cognitive process of the brain from non-existence to existence, transitioning from cognitive space to semantic space, and generating corresponding semantics for DIKWP, abstracting concepts, and labels. For the bidirectional communication bias, we use the interaction between infant parents and doctors as an example, mapping the interaction process to the DIKWP transformation space and addressing the DIKWP 3-No problem (incompleteness, inconsistency, and imprecision) for both parties. We employ a purpose-driven DIKWP transformation model to solve part of the 3-No problem. Finally, we comprehensively validate the proposed method (DIKWP-AC). We first analyze, evaluate, and compare the DIKWP transformation calculations and processing capabilities, and then compare it with seven mainstream large models. The results show that DIKWP-AC performs well. Constructing a novel cognitive model reduces the information gap in human–machine interactions, promotes mutual understanding and communication, and provides a new pathway for achieving more efficient and accurate artificial consciousness interactions.

Vehicle speed measurement method using monocular cameras

This paper proposes a method for fast and accurate vehicle speed measurement based on a monocular camera. Firstly, by establishing a new camera imaging model, the calibration method for variable focal lengths is optimized, simplifying the transformation process between the four coordinate systems in traditional camera imaging models, and the method does not need to restore the pixel coordinates to dedistortion. Secondly, based on the camera imaging model, a two-dimensional positioning algorithm is proposed. By leveraging the characteristics of the speed measurement problem, the complex three-dimensional positioning problem is simplified into a two-dimensional model, reducing the overall computational complexity of the positioning problem. Finally, the algorithm is combined with You Only Look Once version 7 (YOLOv7) and Deep Simple Online and Realtime Tracking (DeepSORT) algorithms, integrating multiple model structures to optimize the network, achieving precise multi-target speed measurement. Experiments show that under frame-by-frame measurement conditions, the minimum and average accuracies of this method reach 95.1% and 97.6%, respectively. Compared with other methods, it has significant advantages in speed measurement accuracy and computational efficiency. Therefore, this research outcome is expected to play an important role in intelligent transportation systems and road safety management.

Modelling diffusive phase transformations in multiphase systems using the Voronoi implicit interface method

Abstract This paper presents a general level set framework for modelling diffusive solid-state phase transformation processes in binary systems comprising several grains and phases. Notably, it is demonstrated how the Voronoi implicit interface method (VIIM) can be used to simulate microstructure evolution in polycrystals driven by diffusion. The key advantage of VIIM is that a single level set function can be utilized to describe the evolution of the microstructure. Thus, the computational cost is significantly reduced compared to more traditional approaches, in which each grain in the microstructure is assigned a separate level set function. Moreover, VIIM facilitates the reconstruction of a fully compatible grain boundary network without the presence of any void regions or grain overlaps. The reconstruction procedure does not require any special handling of junctions and can be easily extended to higher dimensions. Moreover, the reconstruction step enables an adaptive remeshing technique to be employed such that the mesh nodes conform with the location of the grain boundaries. Hence, the diffusion problem can be solved in distinct phase domains, demarcated by sharp interfaces. The kinetics of the phase interfaces are described by the amount of flux towards the interface in accordance with the theory of diffusion-controlled phase transformations. To examine the capabilities of the proposed model, both single-phase and multiphase problems are examined. For the single-phase problem, it is shown that the model behaves in accordance with analytical solutions and maintains mass conservation. For the multiphase problems, two model cases of polycrystals that share the same initial geometry but exhibit different phase distributions are investigated, as well as a representative microstructure example. The evolution of the microstructures towards an equilibrium state is in agreement with the expected phase fractions and demonstrates that the model produces reliable results. The error in mass conservation of the considered multiphase examples is within a margin of ±5%.

Kinetically Controlled Seeded Living Supramolecular Polymerization of Tb(III) Complex

ABSTRACTWe describe the synthesis of metallosupramolecular polymers using a Tb3+ complex as a primary building block. This synthesis is facilitated through the strategic manipulation of non‐equilibrium self‐assemblies, employing a living supramolecular polymerization method. Our extensive investigation into the metallosupramolecular polymerizations, which are both thermodynamically and kinetically regulated and centered around the Tb3+ complex with bisterpyridine‐modified ligand (R‐L1) incorporating R‐alanine units, revealed noteworthy properties. These complexes initially form kinetically metastable aggregates, characterized by a coordination number of nine. This structure involves one Tb3+ cation and three NO3− anions at one terpyridine moiety, while the opposite terpyridine moiety remains unoccupied. Intriguingly, these aggregates can transition into a thermodynamically more stable state, also characterized by a nine‐coordination number. In this state, each of the two terpyridine units is coordinated with one Tb3+ cation and three NO3− anions, respectively. This transformative process is expedited by seed‐induced living polymerization. Therefore, we have successfully executed the seeded living supramolecular polymerization of the monomeric building unit under kinetically controlled conditions. This process yielded a metallosupramolecular polymer with a precisely regulated length and minimal polydispersity, demonstrating the potential of this approach in the design of advanced functional materials.