Information Transfer Process Research Articles

Two-terminal photonic neuromorphic devices with short/long-term plasticity based on interface charge effects

Synaptic devices have attracted intense research interests recently due to their potentials in overcoming the Von Neumann bottleneck. The light-stimulated synaptic devices based on three-terminal transistors have advantages of sustainability and gate modulation, however, the simultaneous control of multiterminal is complicated for operation. In this work, a new type of two-terminal photoresponsive and synaptic device is developed with easy fabrication process by utilizing the interfacial charge trapping effect introduced by the dielectric layer. This field-effect two-terminal device (FETD) is derived from the three-terminal transistor structure, and hence maintains the field effect advantages of the traditional transistor synaptic device, but has simplified operation. Moreover, the light employed as the additional input signal enables the reading and writing process to be implemented simultaneously. The synaptic functionalities including short-term plasticity and transition from short-term memory to long-term memory are successfully imitated. The flexible device is further developed for the potential application in wearable electronics. Therefore, this work has enlightened a novel structure, which not only retains the advantages of three-terminal synaptic devices with simple operation but also realizes the synchronization of information transfer and learning process by introducing light as input signals. • A two-terminal photoresponsive and synaptic device is developed, with the simple operation and advantages of transistors. • Synaptic functions including short-term plasticity and transition from short-term to long-term memory are imitated. • By using PET-ITO as substrate, the device with low operation voltage below 1.5 V shows good flexibility and stability.

TARİHİ TENKİT METODUNDA İSNÂD SİSTEMİNİN YERİ VE MÜNEKKİDLERİN TENKİDLERİNDEKİ ÇELİŞKİ VE FARKLILIKLAR

The hadith isnad system is a system that has been appreciated by all the scientific environments. As it is known, it is inevitable to have a human element in every product human reveals. For this reason, humanitarian elements have been transmitted to the hadith isnad system too. When we compare the Isnad system with the historical information transfer processes of other regions and religions, it is observed that humanitarian facts have minimum level effect on hadith. The Orientalists applied the history analysis system, which was used to reach historical data after the Renaissance, to the isnad system. But since their perspective on history was shaped by the social and historical motives so they were skeptical of the historical and religious data. For this reason, they observed Islamic sources, the text and narrators of the hadith in anachronism. Whereas, when the human-induced elements in the isnad system, moreover even the hadith criticizers’ conflicting assessments about the same person are evaluated together with the historical realities and internal dynamics of the isnad system, it will be seen that it is based on different reasons from consequences which the orientalists have reached.

Energy Harvesting and Information Transmission Mode Design for Cooperative EH-Abled IoT Applications in beyond 5G Networks

Energy harvesting (EH) technology is considered to be a promising approach to provide enough energy for energy-constrained Internet of Things (IoT). In this paper, we propose an energy harvesting and information transmission mode for the spectrum sharing system with cooperative EH-abled IoT applications in beyond 5G networks. Different from most existing IoT spectrum-sharing research studies, in our system, both primary user (PU) and IoT devices (IDs) collect energy for their information transmission. In addition, for all IDs, they should realize two communication functions: working as relays to help the information transfer process of PU and completing their own information transmission. We analytically derive exact expressions for the throughput of the primary system and IoT system and then formulate two objective functions. It is easy to see that power splitting ratio, dynamic EH ratio, power sharing ratio, and relay selection should be optimized to get the best performance for different communication circumstances. Actually, it is a hybrid NP-hard problem to optimize these parameters and traditional algorithms cannot solve it well. Therefore, a novel algorithm-quantum whale optimization algorithm (QWOA) is proposed to obtain the best performance. Simulation results show the good performance of QWOA in different simulation scenarios.

Information Transfer in Libraries and Information Centers: Role of Communication

Libraries and Information Centers (ICs) are points for rendering information services to their users. Likewise communication is vital for any human interactive accomplishment. This paper seeks to bring forth the role of communication in information transfer in Libraries and Information Centers. This is done by examining the term communications, its goals and importance as well as the Shannon-Weaver model and the communication process. It applied the communication process of information transfer to Libraries and ICs. Subsequently, it concludes by exposing the role of communication in information transfer to ensuring that the objectives and goals of libraries and ICs are effectively delivered.Keywords: Libraries and Information Centres, Communication, Communication Process, Information Transfer.

On Crises in Financial Markets

The reasons of the financial markets collapse and methods of their forecasting are investigated in this article. A model based on hypothesis of the quantum nature of the impact of information on financial markets is given. It is shown that in information-saturated volatile financial markets, sharp price jumps are really expectedMotivation for this research is inability of traditional approach for explaining sharp price jumps during financial crises. They are unexpected according to the traditional theories. When considering the logarithm of relative price changes over the period ytk = ln(Ntk/Ntk-1) it was found that the statistical characteristics of this random value differ from the characteristics of the normal distribution. The approach, developed in this paper, explaining the possibility of sharp price jumps, seems to be more harmonious than the traditional approach.Novelty of given approach consists in considering a model based on the assumption about the quantum (discontinuous) nature of information impact on financial markets. The process of information transfer is quantum – i. e. the information is transmitted in portions, multiples of a quantum of information. There are discrete information levels. When moving from one level to another, it is necessary to absorb or emit one quantum of information. Thus, the amount of information of a particular level is necessarily a multiple of the quantum of information.Methodology and methods are based on probability and differential equations. Equation with respect to logarithm of increment of prices y = ln(N(t0+Dt)/N(t0)) is thoroughly investigated. The probability density function for each information price level Pn(y) = Y2n(y), where Y(y) is called the wave function of prices. Equation with respect to Y(y) is thoroughly investigated too.There are many calculations of various probabilities and other characteristics of y (logarithm of prices increment) for different information price level. The hierarchy of information-price levels is autonomous – i.e. each of them has its own separate probability characteristics, different functions of probability density distribution. The normal distribution takes place only when n=0. For all others n=1, 2, 3... the density functions are different from Gaussian.

Особенности наследования информации в задачах интеграции систем технической подготовки производства

The article describes the specifics of information inheritance when transferring data from CAD system to CAM system: the object-oriented nature of the transmitted data and the influence of PLM contexts on data semantics. The objectoriented approach implies in the information transfer processes the presence of ―parents‖ and ―descendants‖ and associative relations between them, which makes it possible to reuse engineering projects. UML representation clearly describes the various schemes of information inheritance in the CAD/CAM-integration. These schemes must be taken into account when implementing end-to-end engineering projects. The PLM context is considered as the semantic field of the product life cycle stage, which affects the interpretation of engineering data. Digital space of an enterprise consists of informational contexts which affect the values of the transmitted data. Ignoring this circumstance leads to the loss or distortion of the actual values of the inherited parameters. The article provides a definition of the PLM context as an ontology of the product life cycle stage, which acts as the external environment in relation to integrated applications. A preliminary version of the ontology of the technological domain has been developed. It is proposed to store information about the stages of the product life cycle directly inside the 3D model of the product in the ontological representation of knowledge based on the XML standard. The specifics of information inheritance are considered on the example of integration of the CAM-system developed by the author of the article with its basic CAD-platform KOMPAS-3D. A strategy for automating the influence of PLM contexts on the values of the transmitted data is proposed.

Mechanism of the emotional information transfer process that causes Non-Suicidal Self-Injury: A study of a process model based on parents–child relationship distortion and malfunctioning of emotion regulation

Mechanism of the emotional information transfer process that causes Non-Suicidal Self-Injury: A study of a process model based on parents–child relationship distortion and malfunctioning of emotion regulation

Promoting Information Transfer in Collaborative Projects through Network Structure Adjustment

AbstractThe information transfer process in collaborative projects is dynamic and nonlinear, and the structure of network influences the efficiency and effectiveness of information transfer in a co...

A Bright Future for Liquid Functional Materials?

Liquid metals were merely sci-fi fantasy a few decades ago, playing a prominent role in the Terminator film franchise. Current research is leading to an array of emerging functional liquids. Here, we discuss the exciting possibilities of such fluid materials.

Informationstransfer in der Zustandsüberwachung

Already today, machine operators are involved in the process of condition monitoring. When passing on condition information, quality losses can occur due to human information processing and communication. In order to locate possible causes, a methodology and an information-processing reference process is developed. Possible causes are identified and an improvement of the information transfer process is achieved.

95 GLOBAL LANDSCAPE AND GENETIC REGULATION OF RNA EDITING IN CORTICAL SAMPLES FROM INDIVIDUALS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA

RNA editing is the posttranscriptional modification of an RNA nucleotide sequence at one or more positions. There are two general types of RNA editing, viz., substitution editing, and insertion/deletion editing. RNA editing of either type leads to the formation of transcripts whose sequence differs from that of the genome template. Such RNA sequence differences between mature transcript and encoding genome represent a form of genetic recoding. The sequence changes generated by RNA editing are different from those arising from 5′-capping, 3′-polyadenylation, and splicing, additional RNA processing events that occur during mRNA biogenesis in eukaryotes. RNA editing is widely observed in eukaryotic organisms and their viruses. Editing, like splicing, represents a form of processing that has the capacity to amplify genetic diversity and alter gene product function by modifying the information transfer process at the posttranscriptional level.

The Possibility of Blocking the Process of DNA Base Pairs Opening by Hydrogen Peroxide

One of the most progressive methods of cancer treatment is the ion beam therapy. Simulations of the water radiolysis show that the most long-living species in the cell medium are hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) molecules. But up to the present time, the role of H2O2 molecules in the deactivation of cancer cells has not been determined yet. To understand the possible role of H2O2 in the ion beam therapy, the competitive interaction of H2O and H2O2 molecules with nucleic bases in a pair on the different stages of genetic information transfer is studied in the present work. The method of atom-atomic potential functions is used in the calculations. It is shown that some configurations of A·T, and G·C complementary pairs are stabilized muchbetter by an H2O2 molecule as compared to a water molecule. The formation of such interaction complexes can terminate the processes of DNA unzipping by enzymes and consequently block the genetic information transfer processes in cancer cells during the ion beam treatment. An experimental method of verification of the interaction of hydrogen peroxide with nucleic base pairs is proposed.

Formation of Quinary Gordon-Mills-Welch Sequences for Discrete Information Transmission Systems

An algorithm for the formation of the quinary Gordon-Mills-Welch sequences (GMWS) with a period of N=54-1=624 over a finite field with a double extension GF[(52)2] is proposed. The algorithm is based on a matrix representation of a basic M-sequence (MS) with a primitive verification polynomial hмs(x) and a similar period. The transition to non-binary sequences is determined by the increased requirements for the information content of the information transfer processes, the speed of transmission through communication channels and the structural secrecy of the transmitted messages. It is demonstrated that the verification polynomial hG(x) of the GMWS can be represented as a product of fourth-degree polynomials-factors that are indivisible over a simple field GF(5). The relations between roots of the polynomial hмs(x) of the basic MS and roots of the polynomials hсi(x) are obtained. The entire list of GMWS with a period N=624 can be formed on the basis of the obtained ratios. It is demonstrated that for each of the 48 primitive fourth-degree polynomials that are test polynomials for basis MS, three GMWS with equivalent linear complexity (ELC) of ls=12, 24, 40 can be formed. The total number of quinary GMWS with period of N=624 is equal to 144. A device for the formation of a GMWS as a set of shift registers with linear feedbacks is presented. The mod5 multipliers and summators in registers are arranged in accordance with the coefficients of indivisible polynomials hсi(x). The symbols from the registers come to the adder mod5, on the output of which the GMWS is formed. Depending on the required ELC, the GMWS forming device consists of three, six or ten registers. The initial state of cells of the shift registers is determined by the decimation of the symbols of the basic MS at the indexes of decimation, equal to the minimum of the exponents of the roots of polynomials hсi(x). A feature of determining the initial States of the devices for the formation of quinary GMWS with respect to binary sequences is the presence of cyclic shifts of the summed sequences by a multiple of N/(p–1). The obtained results allow to synthesize the devices for the formation of a complete list of 144 quinary GMWS with a period of N=624 and different ELC. The results can also be used to construct other classes of pseudo-random sequences that allow analytical representation in finite fields.

The Influence of a Network’s Spatial Symmetry, Topological Dimension, and Density on Its Percolation Threshold

Analyses of the processes of information transfer within network structures shows that the conductivity and percolation threshold of the network depend not only on its density (average number of links per node), but also on its spatial symmetry groups and topological dimension. The results presented in this paper regarding conductivity simulation in network structures show that, for regular and random 2D and 3D networks, an increase in the number of links (density) per node reduces their percolation threshold value. At the same network density, the percolation threshold value is less for 3D than for 2D networks, whatever their structure and symmetry may be. Regardless of the type of networks and their symmetry, transition from 2D to 3D structures engenders a change of percolation threshold by a value exp{−(d − 1)} that is invariant for transition between structures, for any kind of network (d being topological dimension). It is observed that in 2D or 3D networks, which can be mutually transformed by deformation without breaking and forming new links, symmetry of similarity is observed, and the networks have the same percolation threshold. The presence of symmetry axes and corresponding number of symmetry planes in which they lie affects the percolation threshold value. For transition between orders of symmetry axes, in the presence of the corresponding planes of symmetry, an invariant exists which contributes to the percolation threshold value. Inversion centers also influence the value of the percolation threshold. Moreover, the greater the number of pairs of elements of the structure which have inversion, the more they contribute to the fraction of the percolation threshold in the presence of such a center of symmetry. However, if the center of symmetry lies in the plane of mirror symmetry separating the layers of the 3D structure, the mutual presence of this group of symmetry elements do not affect the percolation threshold value. The scientific novelty of the obtained results is that for different network structures, it was shown that the percolation threshold for the blocking of nodes problem could be represented as an additive set of invariant values, that is, as an algebraic sum, the value of the members of which is stored in the transition from one structure to another. The invariant values are network density, topological dimension, and some of the elements of symmetry (axes of symmetry and the corresponding number of symmetry planes in which they lie, centers of inversion).

Cooperation or Conflict? The Nature of the Collaboration of Marketing and Sales Organizational Units

Abstract Research purpose. The marketing and sales activity of a company can involve synergy, and coordinated operations can contribute to the success of the enterprise. However, the operations of the former departments often rely on individual successes, which boost conflicts of interest and hinder collaboration. The main aim of the research described in this paper is to explore the areas and focal points of collaboration and conflict in order to highlight the tools that can contribute to enhancing alignment and effectiveness. A further goal is to examine the relationship between marketing and sales and their appraisal of each other. Design/Methodology/Approach. The empirical research applied three qualitative focus group interviews among marketing and sales employees in different positions at multinational enterprises. Results are analyzed using grounded theory methodology. Findings. The research highlights the process interfaces between marketing and sales activities and results in the identification of the competence and attitude gaps in their cooperation. Marketing is an entire corporate function, although without knowledge of customers and markets and experience of sales it is unable to foster the innovation processes which, along with cost and time management, result in “efficient and effective corporate operations” as the core category of grounded theory. The outcomes presented here are novel in relation to how they highlight that collaboration should be grounded on clearly defined corporate targets and the engagement of employees with these, as well as supportive and reinforcing manager–subordinate relationships. However, the prioritization and appraisal of the departments of organizational units appears to be dependent on the position and information coverage of employees. Having more information increases the latter’s ability to better evaluate other fields of business. In addition to these issues, the explored discrepancies refer mainly to the information transfer process, suggesting that the external and internal accessibility and availability of information to departments is crucial. Information that is accompanied by accurate predictions about market demand and local needs adjustment enables successful innovation and helps create marketable, innovative, well-differentiated, high-quality, valuable products, the availability of (and customer responses to) which is required for the successful performance of a company. The former may be delivered through the contribution of both organizational units. Building and reinforcing human relationships can facilitate these processes. Originality/Value/Practical implications. In comparison to other research on this topic, the present study applies focus group interviews as a novel method to create a deeper and more thorough picture of the related processes. The model which emerges from the analysis of results highlights problems with practical management that can contribute to the development of a more efficient management system. Employees can be trained to decrease the identified discrepancies, while rewarding positive attitudes to collaboration contributes to their alignment.

ONLINE EMPLOYEE DAILY REPORT DESIGN IN THE MAINTENANCE DIVISION OF PT.KRAKATAU BANDAR SAMUDERA

This study aims to design and build applications to manage reports of daily activities of web-based employees with PHP and MySQL, as a substitute for conventional reports using paper reports in the Maintenance Division of PT. Krakatau Bandar Samudera. This type of research is Research and Development. Software development method using Waterfall Model. Software testing is done through black-box testing. In this research observation and interview to eight employees who work as a leader and supervisor in the Maintenance Departement. The results of this study is a web-based reporting applications using PHP and MySQL. So with this online reporting application makes the process of information transfer between leaders and Supervisors more quickly and effectively. And existing data can be managed for more complex purposes.

Socio-philosophical foundations of theatricalization of the political sphere

Public policy is always focused on finding the most effective ways to communicate with the broad masses (society, population, electorate). Historical experience shows that one of such methods is the introduction of theatrical elements into the communication process. The purpose of this study is to identify and comprehend the social and philosophical foundations of the theatricalization of the political sphere. The concept of theatricality of sociocommunicative manifestations of culture was chosen as a methodological research strategy (based on methods of sociocultural analysis). This approach made is possible to find out that the combination of the elements of the game, performance, ritual, carnival, masquerade in political “spectacles” helps to: attract the attention of opponents; demonstrations of solidarity with the protest movement; the formation of the image of the politician in accordance with the role that he plays in the political “theater”; creating additional channels of communication policy with the “public”. One of these channels is costume jewelry and accessories, which are not only an addition to the image of a politician, but also an important dramatic element. By allowing the replacement of a direct message with a sign-symbolic form, jewelry helps to impart a gaming, theatrical format to the communication process. On the one hand, it helps to expand the audience, but, on the other hand, it introduces an element of interpretation into the process of information transfer. This circumstance is used by the mass media, strengthening its role in the political “theater”. It has also been established that to a certain extent theatricality has always been inherent in politics. But the theatrical component does not always prevail in it: the desire for theatricality increases with the division of the political sphere into public and “hidden”. Strengthening theatrical manifestations in the modern political sphere indicates that this is the trend that is developing in social relations. This, in turn, determines the emergence of new technologies and communication formats in the system “power – society”.

Communication space in the library and information sphere

Specific features of the communication space in the library and information sphere are discussed. The communication process players and factors are named. The communication space scheme for the library and information sphere is proposed. The scheme comprises: library and information staff, target audience (users), partners, and regulatory authorities. The formal and informal communication channels are characterized and compared with their advantages and drawbacks named. Several procedures for choosing communication channels relevant to target audience are proposed to increase effectiveness of the communication process and validity of communicant-recipient information transfer. Optimum communication channel selection stages and factors are characterized. Communication barriers due to wrong communication channel and their negative consequences for the communication process are described. Knowledge of the communication space in the library and information sphere and communication channel selection algorithm enables to exclude the communication barriers.

УРОКИ КРИЗИ КЛАСИЧНОЇ КІБЕРНЕТИКИ. ПРИЧИНИ ТА СУТНІСТЬ

It is performed an analysis of the causes and consequences of the crisis of classical cybernetics, created by N. Wiener and W. R. Anby. N. Viener has shown that the basis of the crisis is the exclusion from the consideration of the process of forming the goal of activity for physiological and cybernetic systems. However, the study of the crisis of classical cybernetics is conducted from the historical point of view. N. Wiener's opinion on the role of the goal of the cybernetic system in management processes is not taken into account. The main focus is on the study of information management and transfer processes. The main direction of the development of classical cybernetics is determined by the further development of computer science, as well as new cybernetics. In the study of the crisis of classical cybernetics, an analysis of its initial hypotheses is not conducted in the formation of the principles of organisation and self-organization. Therefore, in the article the formation of the content of these concepts was made and on their basis an attempt was made to form initial hypotheses of the organization of physiological and cybernetic systems in their "existence", as well as self-organization in their "activities". It is shown that for the principle of organization and for the principle of self-organization in classical cybernetics, there is no unambiguous content. It is also shown that the crisis of classical cybernetics is due to the crisis of the methodology of the general theory of systems. The main lesson of the crisis of classical cybernetics is that the very purpose of the activity, the mechanism of formation of which was derived outside the cybernetic system, proved to be a fundamental factor both for the formation of the principle of organization of the system in its existence and for the formulation of the principle of its self-organization in its activities. Therefore, classical cybernetics should go to the research of information-open systems. To know the mechanism of the formation of the purpose of the activity, it is necessary to investigate the mechanism of the formation of heuristics in the model of the natural neural network by analogy with the problem of self-organization on the basis of heuristics for the model of the Rosenblatt perceptron, which was considered by A. G. Ivakhnenko. To know the mechanism of the change of the sign of feedback it is necessary to study the architecture of the functional system in accordance with the theory of functional systems of Academician P. K. Anokhin

ІНФОРМАЦІЙНІ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ В СИСТЕМІ КОМУНІКАЦІЙ ЗЕД ПІДПРИЄМСТВ

The article is devoted to the research of theoretical aspects of the use of information in the management of the foreign economic activity of the enterprise in relation to the communication aspect. Foreign economic activity of the company is an integral field of economic activity, which, when effectively utilizing the entire complex of modern forms and methods of international business, can positively influence the efficiency of production, its technical level, and the quality of production. Communications play an important role in the management of foreign economic activity. They are part of the process necessary for the manager of managerial actions.The article deals with the international communication process, its structural elements, types of international communications and new information technologies of foreign economic activity. Management in the organization is carried out through people. One of the most important management tools in the hands of the manager is that he has information. International marketing communication is the process of information transfer in order to promote the product and achieve the marketing goals of the company in the foreign market.The most important stage in the formation of information support is the organization of the technological process of information processing with the help of new information technologies.It is proposed to pay special attention to information systems in the implementation of foreign economic activity, namely, systems of methods and methods for collecting transmission, accumulation, processing, storage and use of information. The introduction of information systems is a positive factor, the development of which contributes to solving the problem of information transfer, which is relevant to date.