Process Of Micro Research Articles

Pulsed N2 plasma surface treatment for AlGaN/GaN HEMTs prior to PECVD SiNx passivation to reduce plasma damage

In this work, a pulse-mode N2 plasma surface treatment process was proposed as a means of reducing plasma damage and improving the GaN/GaOx ratio on the surface before SiNx deposition, which further contributes to an enhanced density of 2DEG and a reduced sheet resistance. With the pulsed N2 plasma surface treatment combined with subsequent SiNx passivation, the fabricated GaN HEMTs exhibit negligible current collapse and suppressed leakage current. The improved behavior is attributed to the fact that the pulsed N2 plasma is capable of nitriding the surface and removing carbon contaminants as identified through x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. Compared to the traditional continuous-wave-mode N2 plasma, the pulsed N2 plasma pre-treatment effectively prevents continuous collisions of the plasma during acceleration, thereby significantly reducing plasma damage. This work offers valuable insights for surface treatment processes in micro- and nanofabrication.

Analisis Sistem Pengawasan MUI Terhadap Sertifikat Halal pada UMKM di Kota Surakarta

This study aims to analyze the role of the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) in supervising the halal certification process for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Surakarta City. The research method used is descriptive qualitative, involving MSME actors, MUI Surakarta officers, and a number of related documents. The results of the study indicate that MUI has an important role in ensuring the halalness of products and increasing consumer confidence. Initially, halal certification was issued by MUI Surakarta, but now the authority has been transferred to the Halal Product Guarantee Organizing Agency (BPJPH) under the Ministry of Religion. However, MUI still has a role in supervision through its fatwas and monitoring of products in circulation. MSMEs in Surakarta face challenges in obtaining halal certification, such as limited resources and knowledge of certification procedures. However, halal certification not only benefits consumers, but also producers, because products with a halal label can increase customer trust and loyalty. The effectiveness of the MUI supervision system in Surakarta already has a strong foundation, but there is still a need for improvement, especially in facing the challenges of the digital era and dynamic regulatory changes. This study presents a new approach with a focus on the analysis of the MUI supervision system for halal certification of MSMEs in Surakarta based on product identification, type, nature, and characteristics. The final result is that the role of MUI in facilitating and supervising the halal certification process is very important to improve the effectiveness of supervision and facilitate MSME access to halal certification. This study provides valuable insights for policy makers and halal industry players in improving the effectiveness of supervision and facilitating MSME access to halal certification.

Analisis Pembiayaan Murabahah Pada Baitul Maal Wat Tamwil Dalam Proses Jual Beli Usaha Mikro, Kecil, Dan Menengah (Studi Kasus Pada Bmt Usaha Gabungan Terpadu Nusantara Capem Kencong)

This research aims to determine the impact of implementing Murabahah financing in the buying and selling process for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) at BMT UGT Nusantara. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach with the type of field research. The location that is the object of this research is BMT UGT Nusantara Capem Kencong. Researchers used primary data obtained through interviews, observation and documentation. Data validity analysis uses triangulation techniques. The results of the research conclude that Murabahah financing at BMT UGT Nusantara Capem Kencong has a good impact on the economy, especially on the surrounding MSMEs, which can be proven by several developments that have occurred in MSMEs through indicators including increasing income, increasing trading facilities (ruko), and increasing the number of buyer

Strategi Komunikasi Rumah Halal Nusantara dalam Pendampingan Proses Produk Halal (PPH) Bagi Usaha Mikro Kecil di Kota Depok

The growth of the Muslim population in Indonesia has driven the expansion of the halal industry, creating opportunities for halal product services. This study examines the communication strategies implemented by Rumah Halal Nusantara. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, the study shows that effective communication by Halal Product Process (PPH) facilitators is crucial in simplifying the halal certification process for Micro and Small Enterprises. The use of WhatsApp as a communication tool is highly beneficial in providing quick and interactive support. This study highlights the importance of well-structured communication strategies in ensuring the success of the halal certification program. The use of digital platforms like WhatsApp enables real-time communication, making the process more accessible for business owners. Rumah Halal Nusantara's communication strategy in assisting Micro and Small Enterprises to obtain halal certification in Depok City can serve as a model of facilitation. This study emphasizes the importance of continuous support and education to ensure the successful implementation of the halal certification program, ultimately contributing to the growth of the halal industry in Indonesia.

Recent Evidence on the Digitalization Process in Indonesia's Micro and Small Enterprises

The digital transformation process in micro and small enterprises (MSEs) in Indonesia is still a black box, and existing findings regarding digitalization in this business group are still very limited and fragmented. Considering the above background and the important contribution that MSEs can make to the economy and employment opportunities, as well as poverty alleviation in Indonesia, this paper aims to examine the current progress in the transition process from analog/conventional technology to digital technology (DT) in Indonesian MSEs based on the latest secondary data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), and primary data collected from online surveys. The finding suggests that although there has been progress in recent years, as demonstrated by the increasing number of MSEs using the internet, Indonesian MSEs still lag in the adoption of digital technology.

Factors in the disaster mitigation process for micro and small culinary enterprises in Indonesia.

This study analysed the vulnerability of culinary businesses for micro and small businesses. Low vulnerability means high resilience. Business resilience is conceptualised as a production function that is predisposed by various combinations of inputs from exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity variables.

HOW IS THE IMPLEMENTATION OF HALAL SELF DECLAIRE CERTIFICATION IN MICRO AND SMALL ENTERPRISES IN SURABAYA?

This research aims to explore, analyze, and evaluate the implementation of halal certification for micro and small businesses through BPJPH (Indonesian Halal Certification Agency) and to understand how this certification process functions for these businesses in Surabaya from an Islamic economic perspective. Conducted as part of the Wijaya Putra University's Higher Education Research Strategic Plan for 2020–2024 in the field of Managing Innovation and creative Industry, this study utilizes a descriptive qualitative method. Data collection involved observation, interviews, and note-taking, followed by analysis stages including data collection, reduction, presentation, conclusion, and verification. The findings indicate that the BPJPH halal certification process for micro and small businesses in Surabaya in 2023, particularly for food products, involves several stages from online registration to certification approval after inspections and a Fatwa Commission hearing. From an Islamic economic standpoint, halal certification applies ethical principles such as aqidah, Siddiq, and Amanah, emphasizing the significance of halal food, assurance, security, and consumer protection for both consumers and business operators.

Challenges in the Halal Industry Ecosystem: Analyzing the Halal Certification Process for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises in Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara

This article examines the challanges of the halal industrial ecosystem by studying halal certification for MSME (Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises) in Lombok. Halal certification has a good impact on small and medium businesses in Indonesia. Although previous research indicates that the proportion of halal-certified micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Lombok is still under 20%, this figure is steadily increasing, allowing for open competition. This article employs a qualitative methodology with a socio-legal economic analysis approach. Data were gathered through interviews with MSME business owners, Muslim consumers, and halal policy makers in Lombok. The findings reveal that halal certification plays a crucial role in enhancing MSME operations and promoting the development of halal tourism in Lombok. However, the complexity of halal certification requirements and the obstacles MSME faces in Lombok must be ruled out effectively. By increasing knowledge, understanding, and awareness of MSME actors regarding halal certification rules and improving administrative processes related to halal certification, MSME in Lombok will better utilize the market potential for halal products.
 
 Keywords:
 Halal industry, halal certification, MSME, impact of certification

Pilot design of experiment study: effect of stirring duration and guest particle loading on electrostatic adsorption of Ti-6Al-4V composite powder formation

In recent years, materials science and engineering have increasingly focused on advanced composite powders. This study examines the preparation of micro–micro Ti-6Al-4V composite powders by electrostatic adsorption (EA). The necessity of this research lies in the demand for optimizing the Ti-6Al-4V composite powder formation process window for high-performance applications across industries. Achieving optimal EA parameters is crucial for enhancing the quality and efficiency of the powder formation process. In this study, the effect of stirring duration and guest particle loading on the EA process is investigated. The stirring time (1 to 25 min) and guest particle loading (10 to 60%) of the solution are varied to determine the ideal conditions for high adsorption efficiency. It was found that shorter stirring durations (1 min) and a lower guest particle load (10%) have a significant effect on adsorption efficiency. The results were analyzed using the DOE approach to guide future optimization of the process window. The study fills a research gap by utilizing the DOE approach to investigate stirring duration and guest particle loading, providing insights for optimizing the EA process for micro–micro Ti-6Al-4V composite powder. This approach has the potential to enhance cost-effective, durable composite powder production with broad applications in industries like aerospace and automotive. While our research currently focuses on stirring duration and guest particle loading, the application of the DOE approach lays the groundwork for future investigations into additional EA process parameters, such as pH value, particle size, and temperature to expand our understanding of efficient composite powder formation.

Implementasi Sertifikasi Halal Self Declaire Pada Usaha Mikro Dan Kecil Di Surabaya

. The aim of the research is to find out, analyze and evaluate the implementation of halal certification for micro and small businesses through BPJPH and to find out, analyze and evaluate how halal certification through BPJPH works for micro and small businesses in the city of Surabaya from an Islamic economic perspective. This research was carried out in accordance with the strategic research plan of Wijaya Putra University for 2020 - 2024 in the leading areas of managing innovation & creative industry with research topics on standardization and competitiveness of MSMEs and creative industries. This research uses descriptive qualitative research methods. This research data was collected through observation, interview and documentation techniques which were validated through method triangulation and source triangulation techniques and then analyzed through the stages of data collection, data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions and verification. The findings of this research are that the BPJPH self-declaration halal certification process for micro and small businesses in 2023 in the city of Surabaya which is dominated by food products rather than beverage products is carried out in several stages. First, registration is carried out online on the halal application and accompanied by a halal process companion from a BPJPH representative institution bringing the specified documents. Second, the halal process assistant from the BPJPH representative agency will carry out an inspection to check the suitability of the completeness of the files in the field. Third, holding a fatwa commission hearing to assess whether the product can be accepted or rejected. Fourth, products accepted at the fatwa commission hearing will be approved for certification. Halal certification in a sharia economic perspective applies three ethical principles, namely, aqidah, shiddiq, and amanah which are related to the urgency of halal certification not only for consumers but also business actors, including, among other things, the importance of eating halal food, providing guarantees and a sense of security as well as consumer protection

A critical analysis of India's pre‐pack regime for MSMEs

AbstractHybrid restructuring procedures, such as pre‐packs, have been encouraged to deal with an expected increase in insolvent firms in the aftermath of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Pre‐packs have been gaining popularity as a restructuring mechanism across the world. India too introduced a pre‐packaged insolvency resolution process for micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in April 2021. This article first provides a brief overview of the pre‐pack models employed in certain other jurisdictions such as the United States of America, United Kingdom and Singapore with a view to understanding the key features of pre‐pack models and how they have been operationalised in these jurisdictions. It then briefly discusses other restructuring avenues, that were available to a corporate debtor in India, and the circumstances that led up to the introduction of pre‐packs in India. Finally, it provides a detailed overview of the Indian pre‐pack regime and evaluates its effectiveness for MSMEs, potential issues that may cause delays in the process and how the current pre‐pack regime can be further streamlined. It argues that some of the procedural requirements and features of the Indian pre‐pack regime may not be suitable for MSME insolvencies.

Comparison of forming processes for micro textured cups

Friction losses are present in all kinds of technical systems. This is always associated with additional energy consumption, which can be partly avoided as it arises. Energy savings can be achieved by a wide range of approaches. The application of friction reducing coatings on bodies in relative motion is widespread. The coating of parts is however only suitable to a limited extent for the production in large batches. Therefore, research approaches consider alternative methods to achieve friction reductions. A promising approach is the integration of miniaturized pockets on the surface of the component. In lubricated contacts, the lubricant can then accumulate in these indentations. The relative motion between two bodies thus builds up a hydrodynamic pressure and consequently reduces friction. Forming technology is suitable for the efficient production of metallic components in large quantities. The aim of this study is therefore to identify challenges in the integration of micro coining in established forming processes. Two processes from sheet metal forming and bulk metal forming are investigated. In a combined experimental and numerical approach, process-specific challenges are derived regarding the texturing process and the numerical process modelling for combined micro coining. The analysis is carried out on a cup geometry, as used in the automotive sector as tappets in the valve train. The case hardening steel 16MnCr5 (1.7131) is used as workpiece material.

Temperature- and curvature-dependent surface tensions and Tolman lengths for real fluids: A mesoscopic investigation

The curvature and temperature dependency of the liquid-vapor surface tension has a significant influence on the accurate prediction of the nanobubble/nanodrop nucleation process. In this work, a mesoscopic approach combining the pseudo-potential multiphase lattice Boltzmann method (LBM), the principle of dynamic similarity, and the van der Waals theory of corresponding states is adopted to quantitatively investigate the curvature and temperature dependency of the surface tension and Tolman length for real fluids (water and R134a). By Tolman length, we mean the distance from the surface of tension to the equimolar surface, which measures the extent by which the surface tension of a nanodrop/nanobubble deviates from the corresponding flat interface limit. We show that the Tolman lengths for flat liquid-vapor interfaces (δF) increase with the increase of temperature and are proportional to (1−Tr)−1.044. Equations for predicting surface tensions of water and R134a with effects of temperature and curvature radius taken into consideration are proposed. We demonstrate that the surface tensions increase while the Tolman lengths (δB) decrease with the increase of curvature for nanobubbles. For nanodroplets, however, the surface tensions decrease while the Tolman lengths (δD) increase with the increase of curvature. Effects of the equation of state for real fluids, which determines the interparticle interaction force in the pseudo-potential LBM, are also discussed. This mesoscopic approach can quantify the curvature dependency of liquid-vapor surface tensions for various real fluids in a wide temperature range with low computation costs, providing a new avenue for the accurate prediction of nucleation processes in micro-/nanoscale phase change heat transfer with applications to boiling, evaporation, and condensation.

The Dynamics of Cognition Process of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs)

Recent economic slowdown and subsequent bounce back has translated into different learnings for organizations. This article attempts to understand the various factors at work that have defined the cognition process of small and micro level enterprises and their readiness to adapt to new situation(s). A comprehensive review of literature has helped identify certain factors that were inculcated into a questionnaire administered on 50 micro and small Indian business enterprises from where the final variables have been identified. The key conclusions show a mix of factors, five in number, which have been grouped under the broad headings of external and internal variables. The flexibility to acquire new knowledge appears to be key for sustainability, among the factors and variables studied. Another aspect is the size of an organization has little role to play in cognition process, and its flexibility to adapt to new situations for survival and growth.

Surface roughness effect on dynamic wettability in imbibition process

Dynamic wetting on rough surface is important in imbibition processes in micro- and nano- channels. Due to high computational costs, the previous studies by direct numerical simulations mostly adopted two-dimensional (2D) simplifications of surface with roughness. The cutting-edge advances in high performance computing make it possible to conduct three-dimensional (3D) direct simulations. This work presents 3D simulations on channel flows with roughness on walls via the GPU-based multiphase lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). The effects from 3D roughness morphology are investigated. In contrast to the wettability alternation in 2D rough ones, the 3D rough hydrophilic surfaces remain hydrophilic and Wenzel state at even low capillary numbers (Ca). The apparent contact angle follows the hydrodynamic model on rough surfaces except for a more sensitivity to Ca. The results also indicate that the 2D simplifications overestimate the pressure drop for rough channels, while underestimate over 20% for smooth channels. Therefore, it is crucial to consider 3D structures of surface roughness for dynamic wetting in real channels.

The Role of Econes as Elementary Population-Coenotic Groups in the Integration of Evolutionary and Ecological Processes

A population-coenotic concept of an econe, an elementary structural-functional group (SFG) in a coenopopulation, is proposed. An econe has binary properties, since in real time it simultaneously manifests itself as part of the coenopopulation and as part of the local community, i.e., acts as an elementary population- coenotic structure, the individuals of which are phenotypically homogeneous and simultaneously perform certain population and coenotic functions. The role of econes in micro-, meso-, and macroevolutionary processes is considered, and based on this the possible evolutionary-ecological integrative mechanisms of rapid micro- and macroevolutionary processes in the Anthropocene are estimated. The new concept of econes allows one to integrate the processes of micro-, meso-, and macroevolution based on the recently revealed mechanisms of transgenerational inheritance of stress-induced epigenetic changes that parameterize certain rearrangements of morphogenesis. Since all processes (micro-, meso- and macroevolution) of changes in econes in coenopopulations occur in real time, but with varying degrees of efficiency, it is theoretically possible to approach the prediction of the onset of regional biocoenotic crises by comparing the morphogenetic reactions of econes of sympatric species of communities to favorable and unfavorable development conditions, caused by a combination of climatogenic, anthropogenic, and biotic factors.

Study of the correlation between magnetic susceptibility and NMR relaxation using T2-filtered and T1-weighted CPMG

NMR is widely applied in Materials Science for the characterization of porous materials. The advantage of this technique is the high correlation between the NMR measurements and the physical-chemical features of the material. Magnetic susceptibility is one of many other properties that have been investigated by time domain NMR. In this work, the study of the influence of magnetic susceptibility on the relaxation process of micro and macroporosity is carried out, which is obtained using the T2-filtered and T1-weighted techniques combined with the CPMG experiment. This approach seeks to simplify the problem by treating microporosity and macro porosity conditions separately. The obtained data show the strong influence of the magnetic susceptibility on the relaxation times as expected, but showing more influence for the shorter ones, related to small pores.

Surface energy of micro- and nanowire

The dependence on the surface energy is important for the description of the nucleation process of micro- or nanowires. Analytical solution to Gibbs–Tolman–Koenig–Buff equation for micro- or nanowire surface is given. Analytical solutions to equations for the case of the cylindrical surface for the linear and nonlinear Van der Waals theory are analyzed.

Gas Dynamics of Micro- and Nanofluidic Systems

The size of micro- and nanofluidic devices accounts for their operation in modes that differ significantly from those for the corresponding macroscopic counterparts. Deep understanding of gas-dynamic processes occurring in micro- and nanofluidic systems opens new opportunities for the practical use of molecular transport at the micro- and nanoscale. Models and simulation methods with high reliability are described. The article also outlines the important flow parameters which must be considered in the first place to correctly simulate gas-dynamic processes in micro- and nanofluidic systems. The review will be useful as a reference for researchers interested in implementing preliminary analysis in the development and optimization of micro- and nanofluid devices.

Single microgel degradation governed by heterogeneous nanostructures.

Although the degradation of colloidal particles is one of the most attractive phenomena in the field of biological and environmental science, the degradation mechanism of single particles remains to be elucidated. In this study, in order to clarify the impact of the structure of a single particle on the oxidative degradation processes, thermoresponsive colloidal particles with chemical cleavage points were synthesized as a model, and their degradation behavior was evaluated using high-speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM) as well as conventional scattering techniques. The real-time observation of single-particle degradation revealed that the degradation behavior of microgels is governed by their inhomogeneous nanostructure, which originates from the polymerization method and their hydrophilicity. Our findings can be expected to advance the design of carriers for drug-delivery and the understanding of the formation processes of micro (nano)plastics.