Application Of Processes Research Articles

Recent advances on the electrocatalytic oxidation of biomass-derived aldehydes

The escalating demand for sustainable and environmentally benign chemical processes has driven the exploration of biomass as an alternative to non-renewable resources. Electrocatalytic upgrading of biomass-derived aldehydes plays a crucial role in biomass refining, and has become a frontier of mainstream research. This paper reviews the recent advances on the electrocatalytic oxidation of typical biomass-derived aldehydes (5-hydroxymethylfurfural, furfural, glucose, xylose, vanillin and benzaldehyde, etc.). The research presented in this review covers a wide range of oxidation mechanisms for each aldehyde. It is evident from the current literature that challenges related to the comprehensiveness of mechanistic studies, catalyst stability, and reaction scalability remain, but the rapid progress offers hope for future advancements. Finally, we elucidate the challenges in this domain and provide the perspectives on future developments. This review corroborates the significance of investigating the electrocatalytic oxidation of biomass-derived aldehydes and emphasizes the need for continued research to refine these processes for industrial applications.

APPLICATION OF OHMIC HEATING IN THE FOOD INDUSTRY, IMPACT ON FOOD COMPONENTS AND "HURDLE APPROACH"

The application of thermal processes in the food industry causes a decrease in the quality of the final product, such as nutritional value and organoleptic characteristics. Many alternative methods offer uniform and rapid heating and provide the desired microbial lethality without reducing overall product quality. Ohmic heating is an emerging technique for food processing that has been used in recent decades as an alternative to conventional heating. It is a rapid heating method with big potential in the food industry. More particularly, ohmic heating of food is used for microbial inactivation, blanching, fermentation, gelatinization, peeling, evaporation, drying, extraction, pasteurization, and sterilization. This review summarizes the application of ohmic heating to different types of food products, the impact on food components, as well as the synergistic effect of ohmic heating with other non-thermal preservation techniques as well as the case of its combination with packed food items. The optimization of the ohmic heating approach reduces the duration of the process, achieves microbial and enzyme stability, increases the yield, and preserves the organoleptic and bioactive components in food commodities. Applying ohmic heating in combination with other non-thermal food preservation techniques such as UV-C radiation, pulsed electric field, high pressure, ultrasound, vacuum and the addition of preservatives contributes to reducing the intensity of the applied electric field, the temperature, and the treatment. In addition, it contributes to the extension of the shelf life as well as preserving the nutritional and organoleptic quality of food.

Development and Characterization of Novel Green Cutting Fluids with Nano-additives

In this current investigation, novel cutting fluids developed through a unique combination of food grade emulsifiers, plant based additives (EA) and nano particles (NP) as cutting fluid additives in corn oil (CO) based vegetable oil. Five dissimilar corn-based green cutting fluids (CBGC1, CBGC2, CBGC3, CBGC4, CBGC5) were prepared by varying the weight percentages (wt.%) of EAs (5, 10, 15, 20, 25) with CO, and their thermo-physical properties were meticulously analyzed. Among these formulations, CBGC2 demonstrated superior lubrication performance, making it the most promising oil for further investigation. Subsequently, the effect of different NP was investigated by adding alumina (Al2O3), graphene (Gr) and multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) NPs in the CBGC2 solution in the ratio of 0.4, 0.8 and 1.2 in weight percent (wt.%) and the experimental results reveal substantial enhancements in thermophysical properties. Among various samples, the nanofluid containing 0.8 wt.% concentration of Al2O3 nanoparticles in CBGC2 exhibited the highest viscosity. Additionally, the thermal conductivity of the nanofluid enhanced by 24.82% when 1.2 wt.% of Gr nanoparticles added oil compared to CBGC2. Furthermore, in tribological tests, CBGC2 with 0.4% Al2O3 exhibited the lowest frictional force among the prepared cutting fluids. The contact angle reduced to a maximum extent by 11.14% for cutting fluids containing 1.2% alumina nanoparticles. These findings suggest that these innovative green cutting fluid formulations with nano-additives hold great potential for improving machining processes in various industrial applications towards sustainability.

Enhanced framework for solving general energy equations based on metropolis-hasting Markov chain Monte Carlo

Due to the widespread presence of heat and mass transfer phenomena in industrial applications, numerous studies have been devoted to the accurate solution of energy equations, providing a foundation for the analysis of heat and mass transfer processes in practical applications. In this study, a Green's Function Markov Superposition Monte Carlo (GMSMC) for solving general energy equations has been developed based on probability and statistical principles owing to its advantageous features of insensitivity towards dimension and geometric complexity as well as the capability to handle multiple integrals in complex domains. The energy equation is first decomposed, and corresponding probability models are established for each component, considering their interrelationships. Subsequently, a solution framework for solving the general energy equation is constructed by integrating these probability models based on a Markov chain structure. The mathematical principles and formulae of the proposed method are derived in detail. The performance of the proposed method is validated by several heat transfer systems with different combinations of boundary conditions and features, which mainly include the distribution of the internal heat source and whether the convection or transient term is included. Results of the validation show that the temperatures obtained by the proposed method are in good agreement with the FEM based on a fine grid, no matter whether the calculation is for a single point or a distribution.

Fabrication of Hierarchically Porous “Fish Cage”‐like Carbonaceous Nanomaterials via Soft Template‐assisted Strategy for Cr Removal: Accelerated Stepped Adsorption and Enhanced Coordination Effect

The negative impact of heavy metal pollution, specifically chromium (VI), on human health is well‐documented. To solve this issue, hollow anisotropic hierarchically porous “Fish Cage”‐like carbonaceous nanomaterial (N,S‐HFC‐180) with multi‐active groups is synthesized. Hierarchically porous structure provides stepped adsorption effect. The addition of K2C2O4 leads to the specific surface area of N,S‐HFC‐180 increases to 1914.21 m2·g‐1 (an increase of ~552 times compared to HFC‐180). Thiourea introduces multi‐active groups act as “Barbs” in “Fish Cage” further reducing Cr(VI) to Cr(III) and sequestrating Cr(III) by coordination effect. Subsequent batch studies suggest that N,S‐HFC‐180 exhibits a high removal capacity of 164.29 mg·g‐1 for Cr(VI) at pH = 2. The kinetics and isotherm analyses display an outstanding maximum adsorption capacity of 393.88 mg·g‐1 at 298 K. In addition, even after seven cycles, the removal rate of Cr(VI) using N,S‐HFC‐180 remains > 85.00%, and it effectively reduces the concentration of electroplating wastewater from 55.82 to 0.14 mg·L‐1. Pore filling, chemical reduction and chelation, hydrogen bond and electrostatic attraction are the primary adsorption drivers. The results suggest that, the recoverable N,S‐HFC‐180 highlights its viability for practical applications in wastewater treatment processes.

Dual-Action Calcium Monoaluminate Enabled Room-Temperature Curing of Inorganic Phosphate-Based High-Temperature Adhesive.

High-temperature adhesives find extensive application in diverse domains, encompassing repairs, production processes, and material joining. However, achieving their curing at ambient temperatures remains a formidable challenge due to the inherent requirement of elevated temperatures, typically exceeding 500 °C, for the curing reaction. To overcome this limitation, in this study, we developed a distinctive inorganic phosphate-based composite adhesive by incorporating dual-functional calcium monoaluminate (CA) into a traditional adhesive blend comprising Al(H2PO4)3 and MgO. This distinctive approach significantly diminishes the curing temperature, enabling it to occur at room temperature. Firstly, CA's facile hydration reaction effectively scavenges surrounding water molecules, thereby accelerating the dehydration curing process of Al(H2PO4)3. Secondly, as hydration is an exothermic process, it locally generates heat around the Al(H2PO4)3, fostering optimal conditions for its curing reaction. Moreover, the adhesive's strength is substantially bolstered through the strategic inclusion of Nano-Al2O3 (enhancing the availability of reaction sites) and Nano-SiO2 (improving overall stability). As a demonstration, the adhesive formulation with added CA containing 2% Nano-Al2O3 and 2% Nano-SiO2 achieved a remarkable tensile strength of 32.48 MPa at room temperature, underscoring its potential as an efficient solution for various practical adhesive applications. The adhesive prepared in this study harnesses the hydration properties of CA to absorb moisture and release substantial heat, introducing a novel method for ambient temperature curing. This development promises to broaden its applications in refractory materials, coatings, and equipment repair.

Damage Factors and Protection of Low Permeability Reservoir

With the development of science and technology and the progress of society, people's production level has been significantly improved. In this context, people have also put forward higher requirements for the application and development of technology and processes in various production fields. The relevant construction technology of oilfield enterprises is no exception. Low permeability reservoir occupies a large proportion in China's reservoir resources. However, due to the small pore space and large fluid flow resistance of low permeability reservoir, it is more prone to reservoir damage in the development process, and even causes the reservoir to fail to produce in serious cases. Therefore, research on the potential damage factors and damage mechanism of low permeability reservoir and propose corresponding protection strategies are conducive to improving the development effect of low permeability reservoir. The potential damage factors of low permeability reservoir are systematically analyzed, which is of great significance to guide the efficient exploitation of low permeability reservoir.

An exploration of AFLC-14-doped ceric phosphate, a novel liquid crystal hybrid ion exchanger: synthesis, ion exchange studies and analytical insights

ABSTRACT In this paper, we present the synthesis and characterisation of an anthraquinone-based discotic liquid crystal (DLC), AFLC-14-doped ceric phosphate, a novel composite ion exchanger which exhibits superior ion exchange properties. The incorporation of AFLC-14 betwixt the layers of ceric phosphate aims to strengthen the material’s thermal property, adsorption capacity, and disinfectant properties along with ion-exchange capabilities. The reported material underwent extensive physico-chemical characterisation using various analytical techniques, including FTIR, UV-vis spectrophotometry, XRD analysis, SEM imaging, TGA/DTA studies and elemental investigation. Additionally, ion-exchange characteristics were investigated, encompassing ion-exchange capacity, concentration dependency, thermal property, adsorption studies for alkaline earth and heavy/transition metal ions, and binary separation experiments. Our findings reveal that the incorporation of a DLC betwixt ceric phosphate matrix significantly improves the exchanger’s overall performance. Notably, the hybrid ion exchanger exhibits remarkable selectivity for mercury (II) ions, indicating its potential for selective ion removal applications in environmental remediation and water purification processes.

LCA analysis for assessing environmenstal sustainability of new biobased chemicals by valorising citrus waste

The global shift towards using biomass for biofuels and chemicals is accelerating due to increasing environmental concerns and geopolitical strategies. This study investigates a biorefinery model using citrus-processing-waste, specifically citrus pulp, to produce high-value products for various industries, including cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, flavours, fragrances, and food packaging. In Italy, particularly Sicily region, citrus processing generates significant amounts of waste, often improperly disposed of, contributing to environmental problems. Researchers have demonstrated that citrus waste can yield commercially valuable compounds. This study specifically focuses on orange peel waste (OPW), which constitutes about half of the fruit's weight, aiming to extract pectin and limonene through a combined process. The extraction process was carried out on a laboratory scale, and its sustainability was evaluated using a life cycle assessment (LCA) with SimaPro 8.1 software and the Impact 2002 + method. The functional unit adopted for this study is 300 g of OPW, obtained after the pre-treatment phase, from which 0.14 g of limonene and 8.22 g of pectin were extracted. The LCA results revealed that pectin extraction has a significantly higher environmental impact compared to limonene extraction, primarily due to the use of ethanol as a solvent, followed by electricity consumption. To mitigate this impact, the LCA assessed alternative, more sustainable solvents, resulting in a 73.4% reduction in the environmental footprint of the pectin extraction process. These findings underscore the critical role of LCA, even at the laboratory scale, in identifying environmental hotspots and providing insights for improving and optimizing processes for potential industrial-scale applications.

BioMOF@PAN Mixed Matrix Membranes as Fast and Efficient Adsorbing Materials for Multiple Heavy Metals' Removal.

Heavy metal ions are a common source of water pollution. In this study, two novel membranes with biobased metal-organic frameworks (BioMOFs) embedded in a polyacrylonitrile matrix with tailored porosity were prepared via nonsolvent induced phase separation methods and designed to efficiently adsorb heavy metal ions from oligomineral water. Under optimized preparation conditions, stable membranes with high MOF loading up to 50 wt % and a cocontinuous sponge-like morphology and a high water permeability of 50-60 L m-2 h-1 bar-1 were obtained. The tortuous flow path in combination with a low water flow rate guarantees maximum contact time between the fluid and the MOFs, and thus a high heavy metal capture efficiency in a single pass. The performances of these BioMOF@PAN membranes were investigated in the dynamic regime for the simultaneous removal of Pb2+, Cd2+, and Hg2+ heavy metals from aqueous environments in the presence of common interfering ions. The new composite adsorbing membranes are capable of reducing the concentration of heavy metal pollutants in a single pass and at much higher efficiency than previously reported membranes. The enhanced performance of the mixed matrix membranes is attributed to the presence of multiple recognition sites which densely decorate the BioMOF channels: (i) the thioether groups, deriving from the S-methyl-l-cysteine and (S)-methionine amino acid residues, able to recognize and capture Pb2+ and Hg2+ ions and (ii) the oxygen atoms of the oxamate moieties, which preferentially interact with Cd2+ ions, as revealed by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The flexibility of the pore environments allows these sites to work synergically for the simultaneous capture of different metal ions. The stability of the membranes for a potential regeneration process, a key-factor for the effective feasibility of the process in real life applications, was also evaluated and confirmed less than 1% capacity loss in each cycle.

Assessing the impact of disease incidence and immunization on the resilience of complex networks during epidemics

Disease severity through an immunized population ensconced on a physical network topology is a key technique for preventing epidemic spreading. Its influence can be quantified by adjusting the common (basic) methodology for analyzing the percolation and connectivity of contact networks. Stochastic spreading properties are difficult to express, and physical networks significantly influence them. Visualizing physical networks is crucial for studying and intervening in disease transmission. The multi-agent simulation method is useful for measuring randomness, and this study explores stochastic characteristics of epidemic transmission in various homogeneous and heterogeneous networks. This work thoroughly explores stochastic characteristics of epidemic propagation in homogeneous and heterogeneous networks through extensive theoretical analysis (positivity and boundedness of solutions, disease-free equilibrium point, basic reproduction number, endemic equilibrium point, stability analysis) and multi-agent simulation approach using the Gilespie algorithm. Results show that Ring and Lattice networks have small stochastic variations in the ultimate epidemic size, while BA-SF networks have disease transmission starting before the threshold value. The theoretical and deterministic aftermaths strongly agree with multi-agent simulations (MAS) and could shed light on various multi-dynamic spreading process applications. The study also proposes a novel concept of void nodes, Empty nodes and disease severity, which reduces the incidence of contagious diseases through immunization and topologies.

Green and Reflux method synthesis of CeO2/rGO for their characterization and Photodegradation of dye

In this study, cerium oxide (CeO2) was synthesized using a green and eco-friendly solution combustion method with lemongrass as the fuel source. The synthesis process was simple and environmentally friendly, leveraging a straightforward reflux technique to prepare the CeO2/rGO composite. The resulting CeO2 and CeO2/rGO composite was characterized using various analytical techniques, including XRD, FE-SEM, FTIR, EDX, UV-Vis, XPS, and BET analysis. The photocatalytic performance of the CeO2/rGO composite was evaluated through the degradation of Methyl Violet (MV) dye, demonstrating a remarkable photocatalytic efficiency with approximately 99 % degradation following a first-order reaction kinetics. The half-life period (t₁/₂) of the degradation process was determined to be 19.01 minutes, and the rate constant (k) was calculated to be 0.03971 min⁻¹. The study also explored various factors affecting the photocatalytic activity, including pH levels, dye concentration, light source, and the amount of catalyst used. Additionally, scavenger studies were performed to identify the reactive species involved, and the total organic carbon (TOC) removal efficiency was evaluated. The reusability of the CeO2/rGO catalyst was also investigated, demonstrating its potential for sustainable and effective application in environmental remediation processes.

Parametric Investigation of Rotary Type Magnetorheological Finishing Operation by Batch Gradient Descent Algorithm

Background: The consistency of the magnetorheological process insisted that the Inconel® 718 material should be furnished. This process involves every material from the categories of soft and hard materials. Aim: In this study, a cylindrical ferromagnetic work-part was finished using the magnetorheological finishing method. Objective: The strength of the magnetic flux controls the density and forces in processes that are assisted by magnetic fields. The mechanism was studied parametrically in this research work using response surface methodology Methods: Optimal process parameters were determined using response surface methodology to accurately execute the finishing procedure. Each parameter's percentage consumption to the process's finishing output was also estimated. The finishing of an industrial extrusion punch was carried out using the optimum parameters obtained from the parametric analysis. Results: The RSM optimisation of process parameters is validated using the batch gradient descent (BGD) algorithm which is the best fit and innovation algorithm for these types of optimization solutions. The mathematical model that BGD provides confirms the RSM mathematical model. Conclusion: The optimized parameters are useful in controlling the capability of the MR finishing process in various industrial applications.

Metal‐Supported Heterogeneous Catalysts for the Synthesis of Nitrogen‐Containing Heterocycles: A Comprehensive Review

AbstractThe use of metals in the preparation of heterocycles has become increasingly popular due to several key advantages of metals as catalysts. These include recycling capability, eco‐friendliness, simplicity of catalyst preparation and separation, longer lifespan, abundance, and higher yields. As a result of their novel applications in organic, inorganic, medicinal, industrial, polymer chemistry, material sciences, nanotechnology, and biological processes, the utilization of nitrogen‐containing heterocycles has rapidly increased in recent years. Various nitrogen‐containing organic moieties are used in therapeutic processes to enhance effectiveness against several bacterial and viral diseases. This review covers the preparation of imidazoles, triazoles, tetrazoles, pyridine derivatives, azo compounds, pyrimidines, quinoxalines, and quinolines using metals as heterogeneous catalysts. It provides an overview of current methodologies for metal‐assisted heterogeneous catalytic reactions, including product yield, operating temperature, and solvents, among other factors. Heterogeneous catalyst‐mediated organic synthetic reactions offer several advantages, particularly in medicinal chemistry, pharmaceuticals, and industrial applications, by reducing time and energy consumption. This review emphasizes recent advancements in the fabrication of nitrogen heterocycles utilizing heterogeneous catalysts, taking into account various economic, eco‐friendly, and user‐friendly considerations. Additionally, it discusses the benefits, reaction conditions, and yields reported in the literature over the past six years.

Estimation of Contact Time Among Animals from Telemetry Data

Continuous processes in most applications are measured discretely with error. This complicates the task of detecting intersections and the number of intersections between two continuous processes (i.e., when the processes have the same value). Intersections of continuous processes are scientifically important, but challenging to estimate from data. For example, in the field of animal ecology, intersections of the paths of moving animals tracked with satellite technologies can be used to understand disease transmission. We illustrate how to quantify contact between animals using telemetry data (i.e., the recorded locations of an animal over time). We introduce our method to quantify contact time with accessible concepts from introductory stochastic process literature, such as Brownian motion. Then, we provide two data examples using white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) telemetry data in a region with high prevalence of chronic wasting disease. Our work provides a needed connection between existing model-based literature for animal movement and rule-based literature for animal interaction. Further, our work illustrates a unique statistical problem receiving minimal attention with broad applicability in human and livestock tracking.

Particle-resolved computational modeling of hydrogen-based direct reduction of iron ore pellets in a fixed bed. Part II: Influence of the pellet sizes and shapes

Full-fledged computational modeling of Direct Reduction reactors encompasses single-pellets models and the step-wise scaling up to industrial-scale reactors. This study delves into the particle-resolved computational modeling of hydrogen-based direct reduction of 0.5 kg iron ore fixed-beds, as a scale-bridging step and focusing on the influence of pellet sizes and shapes. To investigate the effect of particle sizes, two beds with particles sized 10.0–12.5 and 12.5–16.0 mm were characterized and numerically reconstructed using the discrete element method. While to assess the effect of particle shapes, a third numerical bed was generated directly upon a high-resolution CT-scan of a real bed. Through reactive CFD simulations, we investigated the reduction process in these three beds using hydrogen as the reducing gas. Our findings reveal that the bed structure significantly impacts the reduction efficiency and overall conversion degree. This study emphasizes the importance of accurate bed reconstruction and provides critical insights for optimizing the hydrogen-based direct reduction process in industrial applications.

Cold plasma treatment for E. coli inactivation and characterization for fresh food safety

Cold plasma is an emerging non-thermal technology for food pathogen inactivation and material surface modification. This technology was demonstrated ecofriendly and convenient with free of chemicals in food processes. The presenting study was to investigate the effectiveness of reactive species generated in cold plasma treated water (CPTW) for inactivating microbes through oxidative stress. The physical properties of CPTW created by electric discharges of O2/N2 were characterized. The potential of CPTW for fresh food applications was evaluated. The research results revealed that the pH values of CPTW significantly decreased from pH 7.4 to 3.4 and the electrical conductivity of CPTW increased from 78 to 162 mS/cm when treatment time increased from 10 to 240 s at the discharge frequency of 2000 Hz. It's demonstrated that the CPTW was able to significantly inactivate E. coli TOP 10 in water. The substantial reduction in E. coli TOP 10 cells increased from 1.6 to 8 log at a frequency of 2000 Hz when the treatment times changed from 10 to 240 s. It's also verified that the CPTW significantly reduced the bacterial load and extended the shelf life of the strawberries up to 30 days without compromising their quality compared to untreated control samples. This information is useful for the design of effective cold plasma processes in food engineering applications. Further research is necessary to explore the full potential of cold plasma technology in enhancing food safety and quality in the future.

Free Ammonia Strategy for Nitrite-Oxidizing Bacteria (NOB) Suppression in Mainstream Nitritation Start-Up

The partial nitritation (PN)–anammox (PN/A) process offers a sustainable alternative to nitrogen management in wastewater treatment, addressing the high costs and increasing the low eco-friendliness associated with traditional nitrification/denitrification processes. Stable partial nitritation (PN) is critical for effective PN/A operation, and this study specifically focused on the need to suppress nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) to facilitate the enrichment of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB). Utilizing two sequencing batch reactors (SBRs), PN1 and PN2 with different free ammonia (FA) concentrations, this study aimed to evaluate the NOB suppression strategy while enriching AOB. The PN2 reactor, which operated with a higher initial FA concentration (50 mg/L), successfully maintained high nitritation activity, with 96.1% ammonium removal efficiency (ARE) and 95.1% nitrite accumulation efficiency (NAE) at reduced influent NH4+-N concentrations (50 mg NH4+-N/L, FA 10 mg/L). In contrast, PN1 showed inadequate NOB suppression due to lower FA concentrations (10 mg/L). These results suggest that initiating the nitritation process with higher FA concentrations can effectively suppress NOB, enhancing the stability and efficiency of PN/A processes in mainstream applications.

Recent Advances in Nanocatalyzed One-Pot Sustainable Synthesis of Bioactive N, N-Heterocycles with Anticancer Activities: An Outlook of Medicinal Chemistry.

N-heterocycles represent a predominant and unique class of organic chemistry. They have received a lot of attention due to their important chemical, biomedical, and industrial uses. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved about 75% of drugs containing N-based heterocycles, which are currently available in the market. N-Heterocyclic compounds exist as the backbone of numerous natural products and act as crucial intermediates for the construction of pharmaceuticals, veterinary items, and agrochemicals frequently. Among N-based heterocyclic compounds, bioactive N,N-heterocycles constitute a broad spectrum of applications in modern drug discovery and development processes. Cefozopran (antibiotic), omeprazole (antiulcer), enviradine (antiviral), liarozole (anticancer), etc., are important drugs containing N,N-heterocycles. The synthesis of N,Nheterocyclic compounds under sustainable conditions is one of the most active fields because of their significant physiological and biological properties as well as synthetic utility. Current research is demanding the development of greener, cheaper, and milder protocols for the synthesis of N,N-heterocyclic compounds to save mother nature by avoiding toxic metal catalysts, extensive application of energy, and the excessive use of hazardous materials. Nanocatalysts play a profound role in sustainable synthesis because of their larger surface area, tiny size, and minimum energy; they are eco-friendly and safe, and they provide higher yields with selectivity in comparison to conventional catalysts. It is increasingly demanding research to design and synthesize novel bioactive compounds that may help to combat cancer since the major causes of death worldwide are due to cancer. Hence, the important uses of nanocatalysts for the one-pot synthesis of biologically potent N,N-heterocycles with anticancer activities have been presented in this review.

Hyperactivation of crosslinked lipases in elastic hydroxyapatite microgel and their properties

Effective enzyme stabilization through immobilization is essential for the functional usage of enzymatic reactions. We propose a new method for synthesizing elastic hydroxyapatite microgel (E-HAp-M) materials and immobilizing lipase using this mesoporous mineral via the ship-in-a-bottle-neck strategy. The physicochemical parameters of E-HAp-M were thoroughly studied, revealing that E-HAp-M provides efficient space for enzyme immobilization. As a model enzyme, lipase (LP) was entrapped and then cross-linked enzyme structure, preventing leaching from mesopores, resulting in highly active and stable LP/E-HAp-M composites. By comparing LP activity under different temperature and pH conditions, it was observed that the cross-linked LP exhibited improved thermal stability and pH resistance compared to the free enzyme. In addition, they demonstrated a 156% increase in catalytic activity compared with free LP in hydrolysis reactions at room temperature. The immobilized LP maintained 45% of its initial activity after 10 cycles of recycling and remained stable for over 160 days. This report presents the first demonstration of a stabilized cross-linked LP in E-HAp-M, suggesting its potential application in enzyme-catalyzed processes within biocatalysis technology.