Advanced Wastewater Treatment Processes Research Articles

Reduction of Emerging Contaminants Through Conventional and Advanced Wastewater Treatment Processes

Reduction of Emerging Contaminants Through Conventional and Advanced Wastewater Treatment ProcessesTo better understand the extent to which secondary treatment removes emerging contaminants from wastewater, a reconnaissance study of six full-scale treatment facilities was used to sort twenty target pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) into a three-by-three matrix of nine categories of secondary influent occurrence and activated sludge treatment reduction. Plots of the percentage...Author(s)Joan OppenheimerRoger StephensonSamer AdhamJames DeCarolisSourceProceedings of the Water Environment FederationSubjectSession 1: Advanced Treatment Technologies for Compounds of Emerging ConcernDocument typeConference PaperPublisherWater Environment FederationPrint publication date Jul, 2007ISSN1938-6478SICI1938-6478(20070729)2007:6L.24;1-DOI10.2175/193864707786542689Volume / Issue2007 / 6Content sourceMicroconstituents ConferenceFirst / last page(s)24 - 38Copyright2007Word count252Subject keywordsEndocrine Disrupting CompoundsPersonal Care ProductsSecondary TreatmentMembranesUV

Relative performance of duckweed ponds and rock filtration as advanced in-pond wastewater treatment processes for upgrading waste stabilisation pond effluent: a pilot study

An experimental pilot plant was operated over a five month period to assess the relative treatment performances of: a duckweed (DW) pond; a rock filter (RF); and an open pond (OP); for the upgrading of final WSP effluent prior to reuse applications. Each pilot treatment system consisted of three identical ponds arranged in three parallel series, each fed a continuous flow of wastewater from the local Bolivar treatment plant. Light penetration profiling for the DW and OP systems revealed some 55% greater light attenuation capacity for DW ponds compared to the OP system. Results showed a significantly elevated performance capacity for the RF treatment with respect to BOD5, SS, turbidity and NH4-N removal, but equal treatment performances for algal (chlorophyll) removal. No significant performance differences were evident between the DW and OP treatments for any of the monitored parameters. Soluble reactive phosphorus, faecal coliform and E. coli removals were similar for all pilot treatment systems. Rock filters not only demonstrated an enhanced performance capacity in terms of removal of loaded parameters, but also showed greater reliability of performance and produced a consistently higher quality final effluent. Rock filters demonstrated greater potential over both DW and OP systems for the upgrading of WSP effluent prior to reuse application.

A study on the removal of organic acids from wastewaters using nanofiltration membranes

This study aimed to evaluate the application potential of nanofiltration (NF) membranes for the rejection of organic acids in wastewaters. The rejection tests at different feed water chemistries, including pH and concentration, were performed on a laboratory scale using five different organic acids. The rejection of selected organic acids by the ES10 and NF270 membranes increased with increasing pH, depending on the degree of dissociation. The rejection of succinic and citric acids, which have molecular weights ( M Ws) larger than or closer to the molecular weight cutoffs (MWCOs) of employed NF membranes, was over 90% irrespective of operating pressure. Contrarily, the rejection of organic acids with M Ws much smaller than MWCOs of the NF membranes increased gradually with increasing the applied pressure. The degree of organic acid rejection, except for formic acid, by the NF membranes was not significantly changed when altered in feed concentrations of 50–500 mg L −1. The rejection degree of charged organic solutes with M W much smaller than MWCO of a NF membrane can be negatively affected by the presence of salts. Results of the short-term filtration test using an actual anaerobic effluent revealed that the NF270 efficiently removed organic acids from the wastewater. The increase of DOC rejection with filtration time could be explained by increase of electrostatic repulsion between membrane and dissociated organic acid and by membrane fouling. NF process showed considerable potential as an advanced wastewater treatment process for removing organic acids in wastewaters.

A novel approach to an advanced tertiary wastewater treatment: Combination of a membrane bioreactor and an oyster-zeolite column

A combination of a microfiltration-membrane bioreactor (MBR) and oyster-zeolite (OZ) packed-bed adsorption column was studied for the first time to evaluate the advanced tertiary treatment of nitrogen and phosphorous. The membrane module was submerged in the bioreactor and aeration was operated intermittently for an optimal wastewater treatment performance. Artificial wastewater with CODcr of 220 mg/L, total nitrogen (T-N) of 45 mg/L, and total phosphorous (T-P) of 6 mg/L was used in submerged MBR with MLSS of 4,000–5,000 mg/L. The experiments were performed during a 100-day period with periodic membrane washing. The results showed that CODcr could be effectively removed in the MBR alone with over 96% removal efficiency. However, T-N and T-P removal efficiency was slightly lower than expected with only the MBR. The permeate from MBR was then passed through the OZ column for tertiary nutrient removal. The final effluent analysis confirmed that nutrients can be additionally removed resulting in over 90% and 53% removal efficiencies for T-N and T-P, respectively. The results of this study suggest that the waste oyster shell can be effectively reclaimed as an adsorbent in advanced tertiary wastewater treatment processes in combination with a MBR.

An Aeration Control with a Dissolved Oxygen Meter for Advanced Wastewater Treatment Processes

An Aeration Control with a Dissolved Oxygen Meter for Advanced Wastewater Treatment Processes

WASTEWATER TREATMENT USING COMBINATION OF MBR EQUIPPED WITH NON-WOVEN FABRIC FILTER AND OYSTER-ZEOLITE COLUMN

A combination of the submerged membrane activated-sludge bioreactor(SMABR) equipped with non-woven fabric filter and oyster-zeolite (OZ) packed-bed adsorption column was studied to evaluate the advanced tertiary treatment of nitrogen and phosphorous. The non-woven filter module was submerged in the MBR and aeration was operated intermittently for an optimal wastewater treatment performance. Artificial wastewater with of 220 mg/L, total nitrogen (T-N) of 45 mg/L, and total phosphorous (T-P) of 6 mg/L was used in this study. MLSS was maintained about throughout the experiments. The experiments were performed for 100-day with periodic non-woven filter washing. The results showed that could be effectively removed in SMABR alone with over 94% removal efficiency. However, T-N and T-P removal efficiency was slightly lower than expected with SMABR alone. The permeate from SMABR was then passed through the OZ column for tertiary nutrients removal. The final effluent analysis confirmed that nutrients could be additionally removed resulting in over 87% and 46% removal efficiencies for T-N and T-P, respectively. The results of this study suggest that the waste oyster-shell can be effectively reclaimed as an adsorbent in advanced tertiary wastewater treatment processes in combination with SMABR equipped with non-woven fabric filter.

Treatment matrix for reuse of upgraded wastewater

In 2003 the Aquarec project sponsored by the European Commission under the 5th Framework Programme was started, aiming at “integrated concepts for reuse of upgraded wastewater with special focus on the European countries”. One of the key elements is the development of a treatment matrix, in which wastewater treatment processes are categorised as a function of the raw wastewater quality and the reuse application and are further characterised with respect to costs, operational critical control points and environmental aspects. The construction of the treatment matrix is based on the reuse options (industrial, domestic, natural and agricultural applications), the water quality requirements, the treatment requirements and the extensive description of the various treatment processes and schemes. In the process of constructing the matrix it can be concluded that the actual knowledge on municipal wastewater treatment is definitely well consolidated until the so-called secondary treatment including biological or physical/chemical nutrients removal; the treatment of this effluent should be accomplished by more advanced techniques. As a consequence of the actual EU rules on water discharges, it makes sense to focus the Aquarec project on the possible refinements of secondary effluent. Great attention must be given to the advanced or tertiary wastewater treatment processes, as a mean to upgrade the effluent to water suitable for reuse.

Effect of TiO 2 nanoparticles on fouling mitigation of ultrafiltration membranes for activated sludge filtration

Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) have been widely used as advanced wastewater treatment process in recent years. However, MBR system has a membrane fouling problem, which makes the system less competitive. Thus there have been great efforts for fouling mitigation. In this study, two types of TiO 2 immobilized ultrafiltration membranes (TiO 2 entrapped and deposited membranes) were prepared and applied to activated sludge filtration in order to evaluate their fouling mitigation effect. Membrane performances were changed by addition of TiO 2 nanoparticles to the casting solution. TiO 2 entrapped membrane showed lower flux decline compared to that of neat polymeric membrane. Fouling mitigation effect increased with nanoparticle content, but it reached limit content above which fouling mitigation did not increase. Regardless of polymeric materials, membrane fouling was mitigated by TiO 2 immobilization. TiO 2 deposited membrane showed greater fouling mitigation effect compared to that of TiO 2 entrapped membrane, since larger amount of nanoparticle was located on membrane surface. It can be concluded that TiO 2 immobilized membranes are simple and powerful alternative for fouling mitigation in MBR application.

Operational cost minimization control of effluent quality for advanced wastewater treatment process

In this paper, a new method is proposed to achieve both clean effluent quality and low operational cost simultaneously. This is accomplished by minimizing the certified cost function directly through an extremum seeking approach. The effectiveness of the proposed method is tested on biological wastewater treatment simulator SIMBA.

무산소-RBC 공정을 이용한 질소제거 특성 및 동력학적 인자 도출

This study was conducted to investigate anoxic-RBC (rotating biological contactor) and its application in advanced municipal wastewater treatment process to remove biologically organics and ammonia nitrogen. Effluent COD and nitrogen concentration increased as the increase of volumetric loading rate. But, the concentration changes of NO<TEX>$_2$</TEX><TEX>$\^$</TEX>-/ -N and NO<TEX>$_3$</TEX><TEX>$\^$</TEX>-/ -N were little, as compared to COD and NH<TEX>$_4$</TEX><TEX>$\^$</TEX>+/ -N. When the volumetric loading rate increased, COD removal efficiency and nitrification appeared very high as 96.7∼98.8% and 92.5∼98.8%, respectively. However, denitrification rate decreased to 76.2∼88.0%. These results showed that the change of volumetric loading rate affected to the denitrification rate more than COD removal efficiency or nitrification rate. The surface loading rates applied to RBC were 0.13～6.0lg COD/㎡-day and 0.312∼1.677g NH<TEX>$_4$</TEX><TEX>$\^$</TEX>+/-N㎡-day and they were increased as the increase of volumetric loading rate. However, the nitrification rate showed higher than 90%. The thickness of the biofilm in RBC was 0.130 ∼0.141mm and the density of biofilm was 79.62∼83.78mg/㎤. They were increased as surface loading rate increased. From batch kinetic tests, the k<TEX>$\_$</TEX>maxH/ and k<TEX>$\_$</TEX>maxN/ were obtained as 1.586 g C/g VSS-day, and 0.276 g N/g VSS-day, respectively. Kinetic constants of denitrifer in anoxic reactor, Y, k<TEX>$\_$</TEX>e/, K<TEX>$\_$</TEX>s/, and k were 0.678 mg VSS/mg N, 0.0032 day<TEX>$\^$</TEX>-1/, 29.0 mg N/l , and 0.108 day<TEX>$\^$</TEX>-l/, respectively. P and K<TEX>$\_$</TEX>s/, values of nitrification and organics removal in RBC were 0.556 g N/㎡-day and 18.71 g COD/㎡-day, respectively.

光刺激応答性ＮＩＰＡ‐ＣＨゲルの包括固定化担体への利用に関する基礎研究

Recently, biomass immobilization technique has been put to practical use in advanced waste water treatment processes. The conventional immobilization technique, however, poses a problem with respect to mass transfer resistance for substrate and product molecules to the microorganisms inside immobilization gel matrices. The problem can be solved by utilization of functional gels as immobilizing media, which reversibly shrink and swell when external conditions change such as temperature, pH, and solvent composition. In this study, visible light-stimulus-responsive NIPA-CH (N-isopropylacrylamide-Chlorophyllin) gels were applied to examine a possibility of utilization in waste water treatment processes. The purpose of this study is to investigate physical properties of NIPA-CH gels such as swelling ratios, repetitive behaviors, and the influence of the swelling capacity on the immobilized microorganisms. The NIPA-CH gels showed sufficient swelling ratios under cyclic visible light stimuli, and it was suggested that the mass transfer of substrates would be enhanced by the shrinking and swelling effects of the visible light-stimulus responsive NIPA-CH gels.

A Case Study of a Full Scale Dyeing Wastewater Treatment Plant Using Biological Activated Carbon Fluidized Bed Process

A Case Study of a Full Scale Dyeing Wastewater Treatment Plant Using Biological Activated Carbon Fluidized Bed ProcessThe strict effluent quality standard in Taiwan has challenged the environmental engineers to search efficient and effective systems for industrial wastewater treatment. The wastewater research group of Center for Environmental, Safety and Health Technology Development (CESH) of ITRI (Taiwan) developed an advanced wastewater treatment process using activated carbon as the fixed film media for...Author(s)Chie-Chien TsengPen-Hsien ChiWen-Chin ChenZhi-Jian ChenSourceProceedings of the Water Environment FederationSubjectSession 3-- Industrial Issues 1Document typeConference PaperPublisherWater Environment FederationPrint publication date Jan, 2001ISSN1938-6478SICI1938-6478(20010101)2001:6L.173;1-DOI10.2175/193864701784291776Volume / Issue2001 / 6Content sourceWEFTEC Latin AmericaFirst / last page(s)173 - 181Copyright2001Word count376

The rapid quantification and detection of nitrifying bacteria by using monoclonal antibody method

Monoclonal antibodies against the two kinds of nitrifying bacteria Nitrosomonas europaea (IFO14298) and Nitrobacter winogradskyi (IFO14297) were raised and isotypes of these monoclonal antibodies, IgM and IgG1, were successfully obtained. Cross reactivities of these monoclonal antibodies against various kinds of representative heterotrophic bacteria turned out to be relatively low by competitive ELISA. In contrast, these monoclonal antibodies were very specific for nitrifying bacteria used as antigens. By means of sandwich ELISA using different isotype monoclonal antibodies such as IgM and IgG1, calibration curves were successfully developed for quantification of nitrifying bacteria. It was shown that the obtainable lower limit of quantification of N. europaea and N. winogradskyi were 7.0 × 106 N/ml and were 6.0 × 105 N/ml, respectively. Nitrifying bacteria in activated sludge of advanced domestic wastewater treatment johkaso were counted by sandwich ELISA and MPN methods. The bacterial number estimated by MPN method was lower than that estimated by sandwich ELISA. It was indicated that this monoclonal antibody method could be used as a quick and powerful tool for estimating and controlling the population of nitrifying bacteria in the advanced domestic wastewater treatment processes.

New combined system of biological process and intermittent ozonation for advanced wastewater treatment

A new system combining both biological treatment and intermittent ozonation has been developed to reduce excess sludge production with a small amount of ozone. In this system, activated sludge in the aeration tank was circulated via intermittent ozonation. Experimental results have shown that 50% of the sludge generation was cut down with only 30% of the ozone dose required for continuous ozonation. Furthermore, the process had a remarkable effect on maintaining the sludge settling characteristics. The sludge ozonation was almost of little influence on the effluent quality though the slight degradation of effluent quality was observed in few cases. These facts suggested the effectiveness of the newly proposed system for saving costs and stabilizing treatment performance of biological waste water treatment processes.

New combined system of biological process and intermittent ozonation for advanced wastewater treatment

A new system combining both biological treatment and intermittent ozonation has been developed to reduce excess sludge production with a small amount of ozone. In this system, activated sludge in the aeration tank was circulated via intermittent ozonation. Experimental results have shown that 50% of the sludge generation was cut down with only 30% of the ozone dose required for continuous ozonation. Furthermore, the process had a remarkable effect on maintaining the sludge settling characteristics. The sludge ozonation was almost of little influence on the effluent quality though the slight degradation of effluent quality was observed in few cases. These facts suggested the effectiveness of the newly proposed system for saving costs and stabilizing treatment performance of biological waste water treatment processes.

Advanced Treatment and Food Production by Hydroponic Type Wastewater Treatment Plant

Hydroponic type advanced wastewater treatment system, which consists of a water channel packed with porous concrete and hydroponic type cultivation tanks (HTCT). was developed and its applicability to advanced treatment of secondary effluent and polluted river and drain water was experimentally studied. Porous concrete (PC) provided enough interfacial area for reaeration and enough space for attached microbial growth and improved treatment capability of water channel tremendously. It was revealed that TOC could be removed efficiently under TOC loading rate of 80 mg-TOC/L-day. Owing to the high sludge entrapment capacity of PC, the observed sludge yield (Yobs) decreased to 0.25-0.33 g-MLSS/g-TOC. Crop yield of pak-bung plant during continuous treatment of effluent from water channel was proved experimentally to be 1.18 kg fresh weight/m2 ·month. Hydroponic cultivation of midi-tomato was succeeded by using the effluent from the water channel with low nutrient concentration which indicated that this advanced wastewater treatment process has a high applicational potential for direct purification of polluted river and drain water.

Development of a Two-Stage Treatment Plant for Extensive Nitrogen and Phosphorus Elimination

The report describes low-cost development and design of a two-stage wastewater treatment plant for 90,000 PE to achieve the highest possible degree of phosphorus and nitrogen elimination. The receiving water body of the treatment plant is a small watercourse fed almost exclusively by treated wastewater. A significant improvement in the water quality of this watercourse is planned. In particular, the performance of the wastewater treatment plant will need to be enhanced. The plant operator, the Erft River Board, organized a competition to attract solutions for an appropriate development of the plant from several consultants. Apart from embodying the concept of extensive wastewater treatment, designs were expected to preserve the existing infrastructure of the two-stage treatment plant as far as possible. Following selection of the most suitable design, the intended process technology is currently being tested in a pilot-scale plant. Planning envisages advanced wastewater treatment processes, including enhanced biological phosphorus removal, chemical precipitation/flocculation, nitrification and denitrification and combined coagulation/filtration. The pilot-scale investigations are carried out in close co-operation between the water authorities, the plant operators, the consultant, and a university institute of sanitary engineering. The paper presents the design and first results of the pilot-scale investigations in terms of the parameters BOD5, COD, phosphorus, ammonia and nitrate.

Organic carbon removal by advanced waste water treatment processes

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrganic carbon removal by advanced waste water treatment processesFoppe B. DeWalle, William G. Light, and Edward S. K. ChianCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1982, 16, 11, 741–746Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1982https://doi.org/10.1021/es00105a004RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views544Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (807 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts

水中有機化合物の有機概念図を利用した生分解性と活性炭吸着性の評価

For the characterization of advanced wastewater treatment process, it is not enough to express the water quality as BOD or COD which is the overall index of organic pollution. The treatability of organic wastewater has been characterized by the, molecular weight distribution and organic analysis. We here tried to introduce hydrophile-hydrophobic properties of organicfor evaluation of biodegradability and activated carbon adsorbability.The biodegradability and activated carbon adsorbability were tested on 64 compounds based on BOD analysis and adsorption isotherm respectively. The relation to the hydrophile-hydrophobic ratio of organics which were determined by organic conceptional diagram developed by Fugita was investigated.It was observed that the hydrophilic properties tended to promote the activated carbon adsorbability and the hydrohile properties tended to promote the biodegradability with some exceptions. Some informations on treatability were obtained when the organics were classified on the hydrophile-hydrophobic properties which corresponded to the ratio of biodegradability to activated carbon adsorbability.

Energy-Wastewater Treatment and Solids Disposal

Recently there has been an increase in the use and promotion of so-called advanced wastewater treatment and solids handling methods to meet discharge standards. The total energy consumption, by any wastewater treatment or disposal process, is proposed as an index for measuring the impact on the total environment. Two specific comparisons, based on the experiences of the City of Los Angeles, are presented: (1) Biological versus Chemicophysical process for wastewater treatment: and (2) ocean versus land disposal for wastewater solids. The chemicophysical processes required five times more energy then the biological process; and land disposal of solids required 16 - 35 times more energy than ocean disposal. This indicates that in some cases so-called advanced wastewater treatment processes as well as land disposal of wastewater sludges may not necessarily result in the least overall environmental impact (degradation).