Process Diagram Research Articles

On the need to better integrate the social environment in research on climate change and health: recommendations and thinking tools

Social inequality impacts health, is aggravated by the consequences of climate change, and may be influenced by inappropriate policy responses. These interdependent effects create a self-perpetuating loop exacerbating the impact of climate dysregulation on health in an uncontrolled and poorly understood way. Holistic approaches to public health such as One Health, EcoHealth or Planetary Health are well suited to tackling the considerable and complex environmental and social issues underlying climate dysregulation. However, the extent to which research using such frameworks investigates social determinants of health is not clear. In this paper we discuss the ways in which the social environment has so far been considered in the literature to problematize and analyze the relationship between climate dysregulation and health within holistic frameworks and provide tools and recommendations to facilitate their apprehension. Social factors are investigated empirically only in a minor fraction of studies addressing the relation between climate and health in holistic frameworks, and not systematically. Barriers to such approaches are discussed. This work also provides two analytical tools (a process diagram and a knowledge framework) and a set of recommendations to help include the social environment more meaningfully in such frameworks. They are meant to facilitate our understanding of the current status of this type of research and to encourage trans-disciplinary and trans-sectorial endeavors towards directions which need to be taken to ensure societal factors and inequalities are placed at the center of research on climate and health and the ensuing policy response.

Proposals for medical guidelines creation at the time of digital transformation of healthcare in Russian Federation

The article presents the experience of the «National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov» in creation of medical guidelines based on the patient’s route business process for vertically integrated medical information system for “Obstetrics and gynecology” and “Neonatology” (VIMIS “AKiNEO”), with simultaneous digitization of the document, describes the advantages of this an approach before the classical form of writing document.Aim. To conduct a comparative analysis of approaches to writing a medical guideline based on a digitized medical guideline and patient’s route business process for VIMIS “AKiNEO” and in the classical way.Materials and methods. The content of digitized medical guidelines and procedures for the provision of medical care, formed by experts on the basis of the “National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov” with the methodological support of the Center for Healthcare Quality Assessment and Control were used. The assessment of the methodological advantages of writing medical guidelines based on patient routes business processes in comparison with writing in the classical way was carried out using methods of analysis and synthesis.Results. Experts have created 17 patient routes using the content of digitized medical guidelines for immersion in the VIMIS “AKiNEO”. These routes fully reflect the amount and timing of medical interventions necessary to ensure the quality of medical care. Methodological approaches for writing medical guidelines based patient routes business processes have been developed. It has been demonstrated that digitizing the content of medical guidelines and medical care procedures, describing medical guidelines in the form of a business process diagram, identify “zones of uncertainty” that ar e not visible in the text document, and can significantly affec t the quality of medical care to the patient.Conclusion. The creation of regulatory legal acts on the organization and provision of medical care and medical guidelines in modern conditions of healthcare digital transformation should take place after digitizing the text of the document and creating a business process for the patient’s route, which will improve the quality of these documents.

Understanding Operation of Automated Inland Vessels using Process Diagrams

Abstract The functional design of a vessel requires a comprehensive understanding of vessel operations. This understanding can be enhanced through the development of process diagrams. The research presented here emphasizes the importance of developing diagrams that represent detailed process flows and allow the identification of appropriate interfaces between them. On remotely controlled and automated vessels, a number of functions performed by human operators are taken over by systems, requiring a clear understanding of the processes and the instances at which the handover between human and system takes place. This paper presents process diagrams for conventional, remotely controlled, and autonomous inland vessels. Such process diagrams can be used as blueprints for integration of automated systems on inland vessels, because they reveal the process interruptions which occur when the human operators are removed from the vessel.

The Composition Diagram of a Complex Process: Enhancing Understanding of Hierarchical Business Processes

The article presents the Composition Diagram of a Complex Process (CDCP), a new diagramming method for modelling business processes with complex vertical structures. This Method addresses the limitations of traditional modelling techniques such as BPMN, Activity Diagrams (AD), and Event-Driven Process Chains (EPC).The experiment was carried out on 277 students from different study programs and grades to determine the effectiveness of the methods. The main objective was to evaluate the usability and effectiveness of CDCP compared to established methods, focusing on two primary tasks: interpretation and diagram creation. The participant's performance was evaluated based on the objective results of the tasks and the subjective feedback of the questionnaire. The results indicate that CDCP was the effective method for the reading and drawing tasks, outperforming BPMN and EPC in terms of understanding and ease of use. Statistical analysis of variance showed that while the year of the study did not significantly affect performance, the study program and Method used had a significant effect. These findings highlight the potential of CDCP as a more accessible and intuitive business process modelling tool, even for users with minimal prior experience.

Deep handwritten diagram segmentation

AbstractHandwriting is a natural way to communicate and exchange ideas, but converting handwritten diagrams to application‐specific digital formats requires skill and time. Automatic handwritten document conversion can save time, but diagrams and text require different recognition engines. Since accurate segmentation of handwritten diagrams can improve the accuracy of later diagram recognition steps, the authors propose to solve the problem of segmentation of text and non‐text elements of handwritten diagrams using deep semantic segmentation. The model, DeepDP is a flexible U‐net style architecture that can be tuned in complexity to a level appropriate for a particular dataset and diagram type. Experiments on a public hand‐drawn flowchart dataset and a business process diagram dataset show excellent performance, with a per pixel accuracy of 98.6% on the public flowchart datasets and improvement over the 99.3% text stroke accuracy and 96.6% non‐text stroke accuracy obtained by state of the art methods that use online stroke information. On the smaller offline business process diagram dataset, the method obtains a per‐pixel accuracy of 96.9%.

Investigating building permit processes across Europe: characteristics and patterns

ABSTRACT Building permit processes serve as crucial gatekeepers for urban development, regulating compliance with building codes, land use policies, and safety and environmental standards. However, their complexity can lead to inefficiencies and hinder economic growth. While existing studies have made significant contributions to building permit process research, they often focus on individual countries or specific aspects, leaving a gap in comprehensive comparative analysis. Characteristics, and patterns of building permit processes vary widely across jurisdictions due to legal, cultural, technological, and institutional factors which makes a comparative analysis of these variations beneficial. To address the lack of building permit process studies, our research focusses on from an extensive comparative study of building permit processes in 17 European countries. Through semi-structured interviews and process diagrams, we investigate the differences and provide a comparative overview summarizing key characteristics. The findings have the potential to be used by policy makers and practice to better understand and compare the evolution of building permit systems in a broad international context. By bridging research gaps and providing a comprehensive view of these processes, we contribute to the awareness of the diversity of the processes and to fostering greater understanding of building permit processes.

Design and three-dimensional simulation of flat-knitted sports uppers based on loop structure

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to solve the diverse and complex problems of flat-knitting sports upper process design, improve the design ability of upper organization, and realize three-dimensional simulation function.Design/methodology/approachFirstly, the matrix is used to establish the corresponding pattern diagram and organizational diagram model, and the relationship between the two is established by color coding as a bridge to completed the transformation of the flat-knitted sports upper process design model. Secondly, the spatial coordinates of the loop type value points are obtained through the establishment of loop mesh model, the index of two-dimensional and three-dimensional models of uppers and the establishment of spatial transformation relationship. Finally, using Visual Studio as a development tool, use the C# language to implement this series of processes.FindingsDigitizing the fabric into a matrix model, combined with matrix transformation, can quickly realize the design of the flat-knitting process. Taking the knitting diagram of the upper process as the starting point, the loop geometry model corresponding to the element information is established, and the three-dimensional simulation effect of the flat-knitted upper based on the loop structure is realized under the premise of ensuring that it can be knitted.Originality/valueThis paper proposes a design and modeling method for flat-knitted uppers. Taking the upper design process and 3D simulation effect as an example, the feasibility of the method is verified, which improves the efficiency of the development of the flat-knitted upper product and lays the foundation for the high-end customization of the flat-knitted upper.

Strength characteristics and solidification carbonization mechanism of MgO based shield tunneling centrifugal waste silt

In response to the problem of the accumulation of waste silt produced by slurry shield tunneling, which is difficult to directly utilize, MgO carbonization acceleration technology is adopted. Carbonization modification equipment is used to test the water content (w) and unconfined compression strength (UCS) of waste silt produced by slurry shield tunneling under different soil curing agent content (as), curing time (T), and carbonization time (t). The strength characteristics of the process of MgO solidification carbonization shield tunneling centrifugal waste silt were clarified. The micro mechanism was revealed and its engineering usability was also explored. The results show that MgO cooperated with carbonization acceleration technology can improve the properties of waste silt, with a maximum decrease of 9.3∼31.7 % and UCS can be increased to a maximum of 776.8 kPa. The maximum UCS of MgO solidified carbonized silt was higher than that of CaO solidified carbonized silt at various contents. Under the condition of T=7d, by comparing UCS, it was concluded that MgO carbonated solidified silt is more suitable for building foundation filling. And as =7 % while t=1 h modified silt can meet the strength requirement of 180 kPa under the condition of small MgO content. An improved three-phase model diagram of MgO solidification carbonation process based on water conversion research has been proposed for centrifugal high liquid limit silt in slurry shield tunneling. It can be divided into three stages: solidification reinforcement, carbonation reinforcement, and carbonation deepening, with strength growth mainly concentrated in the solidification reinforcement stage. During the solidification process, the hydration product Mg(OH)₂ and the reaction products MSH and MAH from the pozzolanic reaction are gradually transferred into various carbonization products, These products agglomerated and bonded with each other to form a whole, enhancing the bonding strength between particles and improving the strength of the silt. During the carbonization process, it is necessary to avoid the strength reduction caused by too long carbonization time.

РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ НАСОСА-ПОНТОНА ДЛЯ ЛАГУН-НАВОЗОХРАНИЛИЩ

The main methods of preparing organic fertilizers from manure runoff coming from pigbreeding complexes are analyzed. In particular, one of the effective technologies is the technology of homogenization of runoff in lagoons-manure storages. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the design and parameters of the pontoon pump for homogenization and pumping of liquid organic fertilizers (LOF) from lagoons-manure storages. The analysis of studies on the problem of homogenization and pumping of LFO from lagoons-manure storages made it possible to formulate scientific prerequisites for improving the working process of mixing manure runoff in manure storages and pumping them to the place of application to the soil. Their essence lies in the substantiation of the design parameters of the transporting screw - length, diameter and frequency of its rotation. A new design of the pontoon pump is described and a diagram of its location when changing the depth of the lagoon-manure storage is presented. A diagram of the working process for the pontoon pump, consisting of three stages, is developed. The pump flow rate, the total specific energy of the pumped liquid at the pump outlet, and the pressure created by the conveying screw are determined. The analysis of the forces applied to a point in the conveying part of the pontoon pump is performed, which made it possible to determine the trigonometric functions of the angular parameter. Research is conducted using the multifactorial experiment technique. An analytical dependence of the change in the pump pressure on the diameter of the conveying screw casing and the length of the conveying screw at a constant screw rotation frequency is obtained. A graphical dependence of the response surface is constructed. The obtained design parameters ensure the efficient flow of the working process of pumping ZOU from the manure storage lagoon with the specified parameters of pressure and flow rate.

Carbon footprint analysis of sugar production in Poland

Food production is a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions and biodiversity loss, highlighting the need for a comprehensive approach to identify and reduce emissions. Efficient energy use is critical, alongside the adoption of low-carbon technologies that help agriculture and food processing adapt to climate change. Carbon footprint (CF) analysis is a key tool for assessing the environmental impact of food production and distribution, requiring a thorough evaluation of each product's life cycle from production to consumption. This study focused on the sugar production CF in three Polish plants, examining technological processes and creating unit process diagrams of the production cycle. This analysis led to the development of a database to calculate the CF based on production volume. The determined CF was 0.14–0.27 kg CO2eq/kg, and the average CFav: for plant 1–0.18; for plant 2–0.19; for plant 3–0.19 kg CO2eq/kg. Continuous monitoring is essential, allowing production practices to adapt to changing conditions and ensuring quick responses to sustainability needs. Reducing the sugar production CF involves several strategies, including adopting sustainable cultivation practices, optimizing production processes, using renewable energy sources, improving transportation efficiency, and minimizing waste. Together, these measures promote more environmentally responsible sugar production. By prioritizing sustainability and embracing innovative solutions, the food industry can significantly reduce its environmental impact, meeting the challenges of climate change and biodiversity loss.

SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE SYSTEM DESIGN FOR THE MASS SERVICE SYSTEMS MODELING TO BE IMPLEMENTED IN GO PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE

The subject of the article is the methods and approaches to organizing the architecture of software implementation designed for modeling the behavior of mass service systems. The goal of the work is to design a software architecture for implementation in Go language, intended to replicate the behavior of various types of mass service systems, without considering the failure of individual service channels, using parallel computing. The article addresses the following tasks: consider the basis for designing the architecture and conclude its appropriateness; develop requirements for the future software product for more effective resource use and clear definition of successful completion; analyze the approaches to organizing software architecture and make a justified decision on the application of one of them; design a general algorithm scheme taking into account all requirements; identify the components of the modeled system and their interactions; build process diagrams considering the specifics of the Go programming language; define the method and contracts of interaction with the software. The research will utilize the following methods: Go programming language, concurrency, architectural UML diagrams, C4 diagrams, process diagrams. The following results were obtained: the requirements for the software for modeling mass service operations (SMO) were defined; common approaches to organizing architecture were considered and a comparative analysis was conducted; the structure of the future program was developed at the necessary levels of abstraction; for the first time, an architecture of the software product for modeling various mass service systems using parallel computing and the concurrency approach under the implementation in the Go programming language was proposed.

Nanofiber array growth mechanism based on dealloying of Ti-Cu/Cu multilayer precursor film

Metal oxide nanofiber array materials are a type of material with outstanding performance and application potential. Recently, an efficient dealloying method using Ti–Cu/Cu multilayer film as a precursor was proposed to prepare titanium oxide nanofiber array structure. However, the growth mechanism and formation process of such an oxide nanofiber array grown on multilayer-film is not clear. In this work, we use Ti-Cu/Cu multilayer film as the precursor, NaOH solution as the dealloying corrosion solution, and free dealloying at room temperature. On the basis of successfully obtaining TiO2 nanofiber array films, the morphology formation and evolution process of the nanoarray were carefully monitored, and the atomic percentage changes of Ti, Cu and O elements in the dealloying precursor films were tested, as well as the formation and crystalline phase evolution trends of TiO2. Based on the experimental data, we tried to draw a schematic diagram of the formation process of this TiO2 nanofiber array, and proposed that the growth mechanism of the TiO2 nanofiber array is the precipitation growth process both with Ostwald Ripening and Oriented Attachment mechanisms. Then, the photocurrent response characteristics of the obtained nanofiber array structure samples were analyzed, and it was found that the nanofiber array structure had a certain effect on the photocurrent response performance. The completion of the present work is expected to provide a theoretical reference for the preparation and application of other metal oxide nanofiber array by dealloying method.

Narrative therapy focusing on bodily sensations: a case of enhancing treatment proactivity of adolescent anorexia nervosa

ABSTRACT Lack of treatment proactivity significantly affects the treatment outcomes for adolescent anorexia nervosa in China. This research illustrates a case where narrative therapy, focusing on bodily sensations, was employed for a Chinese adolescent with anorexia nervosa characterised by low treatment proactivity. The study analyses the case using a merged methodological frameworks of case study and narrative inquiry. This research delineates the client’s transformation through three primary themes: Detachment from Sensations of Dirtiness, Positive Development of Self-identity, and Enhancing Treatment Proactivity (two subthemes: Interpretation and Reversal of the ‘Dirtiness’ Bodily Sensations and Reconstruction of the Social Network). Finally, it analyses the relationships among various themes and constructs a process diagram to illustrate the entire transformation journey of the client. This study suggests that enhancing treatment proactivity could be linked to changes in understanding of bodily sensations and in self-narratives.

Thermodynamic analysis of a heat engine: experiments with the Stirling cycle

This paper presents a practical thermodynamic analysis of a desktop Stirling engine to demonstrate some of the fundamental principles involving the conversion of heat to work as part of an introductory undergraduate course. Experimental measurements of temperature, pressure and volume using an Arduino microcontroller allows for the construction of P-ν and T-s process diagrams from thermodynamic relationships. By comparing the quantitative data from actual and ideal cycles, the Stirling engine represents an effective teaching tool for reinforcing core content with students.

On the need to better integrate the social environment in research on climate change and health: recommendations and thinking tools

Social inequality impacts health, is aggravated by the consequences of climate change, and may be influenced by inappropriate policy responses. These interdependent effects create a self-perpetuating loop exacerbating the impact of climate dysregulation on health in an uncontrolled and poorly understood way. Holistic approaches to public health such as One Health, EcoHealth or Planetary Health are well suited to tackling the considerable and complex environmental and social issues underlying climate dysregulation. However, the extent to which research using such frameworks investigates social determinants of health is not clear. In this paper we discuss the ways in which the social environment has so far been considered in the literature to problematize and analyze the relationship between climate dysregulation and health within holistic frameworks and provide tools and recommendations to facilitate their apprehension. Social factors are investigated empirically only in a minor fraction of studies addressing the relation between climate and health in holistic frameworks, and not systematically. Barriers to such approaches are discussed. This work also provides two analytical tools (a process diagram and a knowledge framework) and a set of recommendations to help include the social environment more meaningfully in such frameworks. They are meant to facilitate our understanding of the current status of this type of research and to encourage trans-disciplinary and trans-sectorial endeavors towards directions which need to be taken to ensure societal factors and inequalities are placed at the center of research on climate and health and the ensuing policy response.

Conceptualization of Intelligent Control System for Humanitarian Demining Robotic Complexes Based on Verbal Methods

Introduction. Humanitarian demining is characterized by growing attention to the problems of creating and using robotic systems. The most important aspect of their use is the control method.Problem Statement. At present, the fi rst generation robotic complexes (controlled devices) have been the mostcommon, the second generation complexes (semi-autonomous devices) have been improving. To switch to the third generation complexes (autonomous devices), it is necessary to develop intelligent control systems based on artificial intelligence technologies. The most used for system development are quantitative methods, but such models are “black box models” that do not provide complete clarity about their behavior.Purpose. To develop conceptual model of intelligent control systems for humanitarian demining robotic complexes based on verbal methods.Materials and Methods. Formal logic methods, verbal analysis qualitative methods, and BPMN. Results. Conceptual model of intelligent control systems for humanitarian demining robotic complexes and sym bolic models of representing relevant declarative and procedural knowledge based on verbal methods have been developed.Conclusions. The conceptual model makes it possible to formulate Symbolic Models in the notations of selected verbal methods. At the decision-making level, the ordinary classifi cation method by denotation of the terms used by experts in the selected subject area has been chosen. At the executive level, the BPMN method has been chosen to create process diagrams in graphical notation. The verbal methods make it possible to create “white-box models” that unambiguously interpret the dependence of output and input variables and to explain the model behavior. Symbolic models in the notations of selected verbal methods allow the implementation of an intelligent control systems for a specifi c humanitarian demining robotic complex.

High-Level Process Modeling—An Experimental Investigation of the Cognitive Effectiveness of Process Landscape Diagrams

Unlike business process diagrams, where ISO/IEC 19510 (BPMN 2.0) prevails, high-level process landscape diagrams are being designed using a variety of standard- or semi-standard-based notations. Consequently, landscape diagrams differ among organizations, domains, and modeling tools. As (process landscape) diagrams need to be understandable in order to communicate effectively and thus form the basis for valid business decisions, this study aims to empirically validate the cognitive effectiveness of common landscape designs, including those BPMN-L-based, which represent a standardized extension of BPMN 2.0 specifically aimed at landscape modeling. Empirical research with 298 participants was conducted in which cognitive effectiveness was investigated by observing the speed, ease, accuracy, and efficiency of answering questions related to semantically equivalent process landscape diagrams modeled in three different notations: value chains, ArchiMate, and BPMN-L. The results demonstrate that BPMN-L-based diagrams performed better than value chain- and ArchiMate-based diagrams concerning speed, accuracy, and efficiency; however, subjects perceived BPMN-L-based diagrams as being less easy to use when compared to their counterparts. The results indicate that differences in cognitive effectiveness measures may result from the design principles of the underlying notations, specifically the complexity of the visual vocabulary and semiotic clarity, which states that modeling concepts should have unique visualizations.

Разработка модуля для управления моделированием системы двух сжимаемых жидких фаз с одной дисперсной фазой на базе платформы OpenFOAM

The purpose of the presented research is to refine the initial release of the graphical shell for the OpenFOAM package by designing and connecting an additional module focused on numerical experiments using the twoPhaseEulerFoam solver in the field of modeling problems in continuum mechanics. This module, unlike existing analogue applications, has the status of an open source software product, does not require the purchase of maintenance services, and has a Russian-language interface. In the presented software, to simplify further support and modification, the source code of the external part of the application is separated from the code that provides the operating logic. The key original approaches proposed by the author also include a subsystem for serializing design parameters, which allows you to convert the parameters of a design case into json and csv objects and perform the reverse process. This allows the user to switch between different parameter sets for one design case. In addition, it is worth emphasizing the presence in the created software module of a mechanism for checking the completeness of the design case before starting the numerical experiment. Some features of the solver and the principles of its use in preparing calculation cases are considered. The purpose of the study was determined and a list of required tasks was compiled. The selected technology stack is described, as well as development aids. A process diagram is provided to demonstrate how the application works, along with a description of each step. The results of the study were tested using the example of one of the fundamental problems of continuum mechanics and are presented in the form of an updated version of the graphical shell, publicly available on the GitHub resource. Based on the results of the study, the effectiveness of the selected technology stack for achieving development goals was confirmed, and the completed tasks were noted. The practical significance of the results is formulated, expressed in the potential saving of working time for engineers and researchers, minimizing modeling errors and simplifying the process of preparing a design case.

Project Risk Analysis and Early Warning of Culture and Tourism Group Financial Leasing Company

Under the background of strict regulation, due to the cyclical adjustment of the financial leasing industry, some top companies have maintained a growth trend in asset size and net profit. Internal differentiation has emerged in the financial leasing industry, increasing operational pressure, and a slowing trend in asset size growth. Although the overall pressure on credit quality has eased, downward pressure on asset quality is widespread, and the recovery period for narrowing profit space is still long. With the continuous upgrading and iteration of digitization, intelligence, and specialization, Culture and Tourism Group Financial Leasing Company should strengthen its professional ethics, improve its risk analysis and prediction capabilities, design integrated business guidelines for due diligence information collection and risk analysis, rely on big data to build a leasing asset identification, evaluation, monitoring, and early warning system, and establish a comprehensive, multi angle, and lean risk analysis and early warning mechanism. Through case analysis, problems are identified in a timely manner, and continuous reflection and improvement are made. Business process diagrams are drawn according to different scenarios, crisis warning indicators are set up, and a lean risk management team is formed. Crisis warning signals are continuously tracked and released, and processes and asset quality management are continuously improved. A lean risk control system is established to reduce risk losses and create benefits for the enterprise.

Dynamic responses of the floatover system with nonstationary mating processes: An experimental study

Floatover method has been widely applied in the installation of both fixed and floating platforms, which has the advantages of high efficiency, economy, and large lifting capacity compared with other installation methods. Few studies could numerically and experimentally simulate the continuous load transfer process which shows significant nonstationary characteristics. This paper conducts experimental research on the nonstationary mating process of the floatover system. The ballasting system based on the control logic of feedback adjustment is developed to adjust the draft and inertia properties of the floatover vessel, and the validation tests are conducted to verify the feasibility and reliability of the system. The load buffer devices are designed carefully and the piecewise linear spring simulation method is applied to simulate the nonlinear stiffnesses of the elastic cushion. The stationary model for 0% and 100% load transfer stages and the nonstationary model for continuous load transfer process are established and tested in the model tests, and the dynamic responses are analyzed by using statistical and spectral methods respectively. Stationary model tests indicate that the spectral characteristics and distribution of LMU (Leg Mating Unit) dynamic loads in transverse symmetric positions are similar, and the statistical values are also relatively close under different wave heads. The nonstationary dynamic responses are segmented according to the physical process, time-frequency spectrum and piecewise statistics diagram to find the critical stage. The greatest dynamic load occurs in the intermediate stage of the mating process when the larger stiffness of the LMU acts and the steel-to-steel contact will also occur.