Proceedings Of Symposium Research Articles

Soil Erosion Research Studies in the Age of Changing Climate

HIGHLIGHTSSoil erosion research has evolved over a century to address critical societal needs.This collection features 12 articles from the 2023 ASABE Soil Erosion Research Symposium.Links to Symposium proceedings and presentations are provided.Soil erosion modeling, methods, and measurement advances are highlighted from the collection.Abstract. This article introduces a collection of 12 articles featured from a decennial international American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE) soil erosion research symposium in Aguadilla, Puerto Rico, in January 2023. Over 130 engineers and scientists met to discuss current soil erosion issues, research techniques, and erosion prediction technologies. In addition to the meeting presentations and proceedings (116 abstracts or papers available online), twelve articles were published in a special collection in the ASABE journals. Information on the ASABE Soil Erosion Research Under a Changing Climate international symposium and details on the special collection of articles are provided in this paper. Articles are aggregated into soil erosion-related topical areas of modeling, methods, and measurement, and article highlights are presented. A common theme was the need for standardized measurements and methods to compare processes and impacts across geographic and climate regions and to assess model performance and prediction for extension of methods to other watersheds. Keywords: Erosion control, Hydrology, Sediment, Sedimentation, Soil conservation, Soil erosion modeling, Soil pollution, Water quality.

Foods spreading from Turkish cuisine to the world

Turkish cuisine is not based on a race. It is one of the world's richest cuisine in terms of cooking techniques, material diversity and basic titles, which feed on the brotherhood of cultures in a geography stretching from the Yellow Sea to the Americas. The main purpose of this study is to emphasize the importance of the Turkish cuisine and culture on the emergence and spread of the products mentioned here to the world. This study asks the question "What are the foods that spread from Turkish cuisine to the world?". For this purpose, scientific articles, theses, symposium proceedings, travelogues, books, and magazines were examined. After a wide literature review yogurt, yufka, baklava, döner, mantı, pastırma, tel kadayıf, coffee, lohuk, Turkish delight, sherbet, sütlaç and güllaç, which are known and mentioned most in international literature and cuisines were chosen for a deeper research. The study has been limited to these products and with the documents published in English and Turkish. This research plans to provide information about the history of these products, some of which are disputed about their origin, such as yoghurt, baklava, döner, mantı and pastırma.

On Maximizing Sums of Non-monotone Submodular and Linear Functions

We study the problem of Regularized Unconstrained SubmodularMaximization (RegularizedUSM) as defined by Bodek and Feldman (Maximizing sums of non-monotone submodular and linear functions: understanding the unconstrained case, arXiv:2204.03412, 2022): given query access to a non-negative submodular function f:2N→R≥0\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$f:2^{{\\mathcal {N}}}\\rightarrow {\\mathbb {R}}_{\\ge 0}$$\\end{document} and a linear function ℓ:2N→R\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\ell :2^{{\\mathcal {N}}}\\rightarrow {\\mathbb {R}}$$\\end{document} over the same ground set N\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${\\mathcal {N}}$$\\end{document}, output a set T⊆N\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$T\\subseteq {\\mathcal {N}}$$\\end{document} approximately maximizing the sum f(T)+ℓ(T)\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$f(T)+\\ell (T)$$\\end{document}. An algorithm is said to provide an (α,β)\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$(\\alpha ,\\beta )$$\\end{document}-approximation for RegularizedUSM if it outputs a set T such that E[f(T)+ℓ(T)]≥maxS⊆N[α·f(S)+β·ℓ(S)]\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${\\mathbb {E}}[f(T)+\\ell (T)]\\ge \\max _{S\\subseteq {\\mathcal {N}}}[\\alpha \\cdot f(S)+\\beta \\cdot \\ell (S)]$$\\end{document}. We also consider the setting where S and T are constrained to be independent in a given matroid, which we refer to as Regularized ConstrainedSubmodular Maximization (RegularizedCSM). The special case of RegularizedCSM with monotone f has been extensively studied (Sviridenko et al. in Math Oper Res 42(4):1197–1218, 2017; Feldman in Algorithmica 83(3):853–878, 2021; Harshaw et al., in: International conference on machine learning, PMLR, 2634–2643, 2019), whereas we are aware of only one prior work that studies RegularizedCSM with non-monotone f (Lu et al. in Optimization 1–27, 2023), and that work constrains ℓ\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\ell $$\\end{document} to be non-positive. In this work, we provide improved (α,β)\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$(\\alpha ,\\beta )$$\\end{document}-approximation algorithms for both RegularizedUSM and RegularizedCSM with non-monotone f. Specifically, we are the first to provide nontrivial (α,β)\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$(\\alpha ,\\beta )$$\\end{document}-approximations for RegularizedCSM where the sign of ℓ\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\ell $$\\end{document} is unconstrained, and the α\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\alpha $$\\end{document} we obtain for RegularizedUSM improves over (Bodek and Feldman in Maximizing sums of non-monotone submodular and linear functions: understanding the unconstrained case, arXiv:2204.03412, 2022) for all β∈(0,1)\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\beta \\in (0,1)$$\\end{document}. We also prove new inapproximability results for RegularizedUSM and RegularizedCSM, as well as 0.478-inapproximability for maximizing a submodular function where S and T are subject to a cardinality constraint, improving a 0.491-inapproximability result due to Oveis Gharan and Vondrak (in: Proceedings of the twenty-second annual ACM-SIAM symposium on discrete algorithms, SIAM, pp 1098–1116, 2011).

Proceedings of the International Ambulatory Drug Safety Symposium: Munich, Germany, June 2023.

Proceedings of the International Ambulatory Drug Safety Symposium: Munich, Germany, June 2023.

Preface: Proceedings of the 36th Symposium on PIXE in Japan Nara, 26–27 November 2022

Preface: Proceedings of the 36th Symposium on PIXE in Japan Nara, 26–27 November 2022

On the size of maximal intersecting families

AbstractWe show that an $n$ -uniform maximal intersecting family has size at most $e^{-n^{0.5+o(1)}}n^n$ . This improves a recent bound by Frankl ((2019) Comb. Probab. Comput.28(5) 733–739.). The Spread Lemma of Alweiss et al. ((2020) Proceedings of the 52nd Annual ACM SIGACT Symposium on Theory of Computing.) plays an important role in the proof.

One Patient, Three Providers: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Managing Common Neuropsychiatric Cases.

Neuropsychiatric cases require a multidisciplinary approach for effective management. This paper presented case-based discussions on migraine, dementia, epilepsy, mood disorders, neuralgia, and psychosis from the perspectives of a family physician, neurologist, and psychiatrist. The goal was to highlight the importance of collaboration between healthcare providers in managing these complex cases. The paper was based on the proceedings of the Mediterranean Neuropsychiatry Symposium, where experts from family medicine, neurology, and psychiatry came together for comprehensive case-based discussions. The CARE framework (Case Report, Appraisal, Research, and Education) was developed to guide reporting and evaluation of case reports in clinical practice. Six cases were presented and discussed, highlighting the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in managing neuropsychiatric cases. The cases included chronic migraine with medication overuse, memory dysfunction with language and behavioral problems, refractory epileptic seizures with subjective sensory symptoms, bipolar affective disorder with normal pressure hydrocephalus, postherpetic neuralgia in a case with bipolar affective disorder, and psychosis with recurrent attacks with the abuse of several substances. A biopsychosocial multidisciplinary approach is essential for managing neuropsychiatric cases effectively on behalf of the patients and public health of the country. The CARE framework can guide the reporting and evaluation of case reports in clinical practice, ensuring that patients receive comprehensive and effective care. Healthcare providers should collaborate to provide the best possible care for patients with complex and multifaceted needs.

Deterministic Dynamic Matching in Worst-Case Update Time

We present deterministic algorithms for maintaining a (3/2 + epsilon ) and (2 + epsilon )-approximate maximum matching in a fully dynamic graph with worst-case update times {hat{O}}(sqrt{n}) and {tilde{O}}(1) respectively. The fastest known deterministic worst-case update time algorithms for achieving approximation ratio (2 - delta ) (for any delta > 0) and (2 + epsilon ) were both shown by Roghani et al. (Beating the folklore algorithm for dynamic matching, 2021) with update times O(n^{3/4}) and O_epsilon (sqrt{n}) respectively. We close the gap between worst-case and amortized algorithms for the two approximation ratios as the best deterministic amortized update times for the problem are O_epsilon (sqrt{n}) and {tilde{O}}(1) which were shown in Bernstein and Stein (in: Proceedings of the twenty-seventh annual ACM-SIAM symposium on discrete algorithms, 2016) and Bhattacharya and Kiss (in: 48th international colloquium on automata, languages, and programming, ICALP 2021, 12–16 July, Glasgow, 2021) respectively. The algorithm achieving (3/2 + epsilon ) approximation builds on the EDCS concept introduced by the influential paper of Bernstein and Stein (in: International colloquium on automata, languages, and programming, Springer, Berlin, 2015). Say that H is a (alpha , delta )-approximate matching sparsifier if at all times H satisfies that mu (H) cdot alpha + delta cdot n ge mu (G) (define (alpha , delta )-approximation similarly for matchings). We show how to maintain a locally damaged version of the EDCS which is a (3/2 + epsilon , delta )-approximate matching sparsifier. We further show how to reduce the maintenance of an alpha -approximate maximum matching to the maintenance of an (alpha , delta )-approximate maximum matching building based on an observation of Assadi et al. (in: Proceedings of the twenty-seventh annual (ACM-SIAM) symposium on discrete algorithms, (SODA) 2016, Arlington, VA, USA, January 10–12, 2016). Our reduction requires an update time blow-up of {hat{O}}(1) or {tilde{O}}(1) and is deterministic or randomized against an adaptive adversary respectively. To achieve (2 + epsilon )-approximation we improve on the update time guarantee of an algorithm of Bhattacharya and Kiss (in: 48th International colloquium on automata, languages, and programming, ICALP 2021, 12–16 July, Glasgow, 2021). In order to achieve both results we explicitly state a method implicitly used in Nanongkai and Saranurak (in: Proceedings of the twenty-seventh annual ACM symposium on theory of computing, 2017) and Bernstein et al. (Fully-dynamic graph sparsifiers against an adaptive adversary, 2020) which allows to transform dynamic algorithms capable of processing the input in batches to a dynamic algorithms with worst-case update time.

Family Role in Care of Patients With Neurological Conditions: International Neuroscience Nursing Research Symposium Proceedings

Family Role in Care of Patients With Neurological Conditions: International Neuroscience Nursing Research Symposium Proceedings

Noncommutative Bohnenblust–Hille inequalities

Bohnenblust–Hille inequalities for Boolean cubes have been proven with dimension-free constants that grow subexponentially in the degree (Defant et al. in Math Ann 374(1):653–680, 2019). Such inequalities have found great applications in learning low-degree Boolean functions (Eskenazis and Ivanisvili in Proceedings of the 54th annual ACM SIGACT symposium on theory of computing, pp 203–207, 2022). Motivated by learning quantum observables, a qubit analogue of Bohnenblust–Hille inequality for Boolean cubes was recently conjectured in Rouzé et al. (Quantum Talagrand, KKL and Friedgut’s theorems and the learnability of quantum Boolean functions, 2022. arXiv preprint arXiv:2209.07279). The conjecture was resolved in Huang et al. (Learning to predict arbitrary quantum processes, 2022. arXiv preprint arXiv:2210.14894). In this paper, we give a new proof of these Bohnenblust–Hille inequalities for qubit system with constants that are dimension-free and of exponential growth in the degree. As a consequence, we obtain a junta theorem for low-degree polynomials. Using similar ideas, we also study learning problems of low degree quantum observables and Bohr’s radius phenomenon on quantum Boolean cubes.

Preface

35th International Symposium on Superconductivity (ISS2022)It is our pleasure to report that the Proceedings of the 35th International Symposium on Superconductivity (ISS2022) held on November 29–December 1, 2022, are now published in Journal of Physics: Conference Series (JPCS). ISS2022 was co-organized by the Victoria University of Wellington (VUW) and the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST). ISS2022 was held online owing to the continued travel restrictions by COVID-19 pandemic, but it had also in-person option at Winc-Aichi (Aichi Industry & Labour Center), Nagoya, Japan. Invited speakers, session chairs, program committee members and speakers were welcome to join in at Winc-Aichi.Total of 315 scientists, engineers, students, corporate executives and so on (132 from abroad) made advanced registrations for ISS2022, and fruitful discussions were made to promote superconductor sciences and technologies. Total of 190 papers were presented, which included 6 plenary lectures (45 min), 71 invited talks (25–30 min) and 113 contributed oral presentations (15–20 min). Among the papers presented in ISS2022, 34 manuscripts were submitted for ISS2022 Proceedings, and 33 papers were accepted for publication. The papers published in JPCS were categorized into relevant topics in the following four fields; (a) Physics and Chemistry, (b) Wires and Bulk, (c) Electronic Devices, (d) Large Scale System Applications.To ensure the high publication standard mandated by JPCS, every paper was peer reviewed by a reviewer with expertise before it was accepted for publication. As editors of the Proceedings, we would like to express our sincere appreciation to all the reviewers involved in the evaluation of the papers for their invaluable contribution.List of The Editors, Organization of ISS2022, Committees of ISS2022 are available in this Pdf.

On the PoA Conjecture: Trees versus Biconnected Components

In the classical model of network creation games introduced by Fabrikant et al. [On a network creation game, in Proceedings of the Twenty-Second Annual Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing (PODC‘03), 2003, pp. 347–351], players correspond to the nodes of a network buying links of price and to the other players with the goal of being well-connected to the resulting network. Still as an open problem, the constant PoA conjecture states that the Price of Anarchy (PoA) is constant for any . When tackling this problem distinct behaviors must be taken into the account depending on whether has either large or low value. It is known that for every ne is a tree and for with the diameter of networks that are in equilibrium when restricting to deviations that consist only in buying links (buying equilibria) is at most a constant. These results imply that the PoA is constant for the disjoint union of the two ranges, and thus the constant PoA conjecture seems to be true for most of all the possible values . In this paper we study the PoA for the remaining range of and we show the following: (i) For the PoA is constant by proving that the size of any biconnected component of an equilibrium graph is constant. (ii) For we have that , where is the maximum diameter of an equilibrium graph for the same range of . Therefore if the constant PoA conjecture was false, it would suffice to construct equilibria of nonconstant diameter. Towards this direction we find nontrivial buying equilibria of nonconstant diameter when and , exploring new intimate relationships between distance-uniform graphs and buying equilibria.

Near-Optimal Learning of Tree-Structured Distributions by Chow and Liu

We provide finite sample guarantees for the classical Chow–Liu algorithm [Chow and Liu, IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, 14 (1968), pp. 462–467] to learn a tree-structured graphical model of a distribution. For a distribution on and a tree on nodes, we say is an -approximate tree for if there is a -structured distribution such that is at most more than the best possible tree-structured distribution for . We show that if itself is tree-structured, then the Chow–Liu algorithm with the plug-in estimator for mutual information with independent and identically distributed samples outputs an -approximate tree for with constant probability. In contrast, for a general (which may not be tree-structured), samples are necessary to find an -approximate tree. Our upper bound is based on a new conditional independence tester that addresses an open problem posed by Canonne et al. [Proceedings of the 50th Annual ACM SIGACT Symposium on Theory of Computing, ACM, 2018, pp. 735–748]: we prove that for three random variables each over , testing if is 0 or is possible with samples. Finally, we show that for a specific tree , with samples from a distribution over , one can efficiently learn the closest -structured distribution in KL divergence by applying the add-1 estimator at each node.

Abstract 78: The Clinicopathological and Psychosocial Profile of A Cohort of Nigerian Breast Cancer Survivors

Abstract Purpose: Breast cancer survivors are a distinct category of patients with peculiar characteristics and needs. The population of survivors is expected to increase given the rising incidence of breast cancer in Nigeria, and the improvements in breast cancer outcomes. This study evaluated the clinicopathologic characteristics and the psychosocial experiences of a cohort of Nigerian breast cancer survivors. Methods: From an institutional breast cancer database, patients managed between January 2010 and December 2016 were evaluated. Clinico-pathological characteristics, treatment details, and survival estimates were assessed. These were compared to non-survivors managed during the same period. Survivors were defined as those who have been alive for at least 5 years from the date of presentation. Qualitatively, a purposive sample of 20 survivors was evaluated using one-on-one in-depth interviews to assess their experiences and coping mechanisms following treatment. Results: Of the 355 patients in the database during the study period, there were 163 survivors (45.9%), while 192 (54.1%) died. Age, stage at presentation, tumor size, and receipt of multiple treatment modalities were significantly associated with survival. Six themes were identified in qualitative analysis: Initial reaction to diagnosis, Disclosures, Experiences during treatment, Social support, Coping strategies, and Advocacy. Strong family support and spirituality were prominent coping strategies identified in this cohort. Conclusion: Despite obvious infrastructural and man power limitations, Nigerian patients who present early and receive multimodal therapy and different breast cancer treatments have better odds of survival. Survivors have some unmet psychosocial and physical needs requiring intervention. Citation Format: Funmiola Wuraola, Olalekan Olasehinde, Matteo Di Bernardo, Victoria Mango, T Peter Kingham, Adewale Adisa, Olusegun Alatise. The Clinicopathological and Psychosocial Profile of A Cohort of Nigerian Breast Cancer Survivors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 11th Annual Symposium on Global Cancer Research; Closing the Research-to-Implementation Gap; 2023 Apr 4-6. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023;32(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 78.

Abstract 67: Perceived Factors for Late Diagnosis in Women With Advanced Breast Cancer in Northern Tanzania

Abstract Purpose: In Tanzania, women often present with advanced stage breast cancer leading to treatment delays and poor outcomes. Factors influencing late hospital presentation of breast cancer have not been investigated. In this study, we aimed to explore patient perception of factors contributing to the late diagnosis of breast cancer. Methods: Women diagnosed with late- stage breast cancer in an outpatient cancer care center were identified by clinic nurses and recruited for study participation. Semi-structured interviews were conducted by a single proctor. Interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and coded by three independent reviewers using NVivo 12. Themes were identified using a grounded theory approach. Results: Twenty patients (10 rural and 10 urban) participated in the interviews. The average age was 56; 11 (55%) completed primary education, 10 (50%) were unemployed, and 5 (25%) were married. Fourteen (70 %) of the patients had stage 4 breast cancer, 3 (15%) had stage 3, and 3 (15%) had stage 2. Nineteen (95%) of our respondents misunderstood the etiology of breast cancer as well as its causes, signs, and symptoms. Misconceptions led to experiences of stigma in 19 (95%) participants. One participant stated: “…I failed to tell people because… once I tell them that I have problem they will start to run away from me and even if you ask for assistance they think that I cannot pay them back because they think they might help me today and I die tomorrow before I pay them back…” Fifteen (75%) of the participants experienced rejection from their partners. Thirteen (65%) participants expressed financial concerns and eighteen (90%) participants were initially treated by a traditional healer, both of which lead to delays in hospital presentation. Conclusion: Lack of knowledge about breast cancer among patients, societal stigma, lack of spousal support, financial barriers, and initial treatment by traditional healers all contribute to delays in diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer in Northern Tanzania. Stigma reduction and educational interventions may reduce these delays, and further research is needed to improve access to cancer care in this population. Citation Format: Elizabeth Msoka-Bright, Mackenzie Abraham, Polina Zmijewski, Furaha Serventi, Perry Cyril, Brenda Kitali, Vivian Saria, Jackline Kwayu, Adelide Kavishe, Gileard Masenga, Blandina Mmbaga, Lily Gutnik. Perceived Factors for Late Diagnosis in Women With Advanced Breast Cancer in Northern Tanzania [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 11th Annual Symposium on Global Cancer Research; Closing the Research-to-Implementation Gap; 2023 Apr 4-6. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023;32(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 67.

Abstract 21: Clinical Trials in Gastroesophageal Cancers: An Analysis of the Global Landscape of Interventional Trials From ClinicalTrials.gov

Abstract Purpose: This study aims to describe the global landscape of clinical research into interventions for gastroesophageal (GE) cancers, which are a leading cause of cancer morbidity and mortality worldwide. We examine trial characteristics, focusing on geographic distribution of trial sites, participation of low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs), and factors associated with premature trial termination. Methods: We queried ClinicalTrials.gov database to identify all completed or terminated Phase III interventional studies investigating GE cancers (esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), gastroesophageal junctional (GEJ) and gastric adenocarcinoma). All reported characteristics were extracted. Pearson’s chi-square and Fisher’s exact test were used to compare differences in completed and terminated trials. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine predictors of termination. Results: A total of 179 trials were identified; 90% were therapeutic. Most included sites in Asia (61%), Europe (32%), and North America (23%); few included sites in South America (9%), Africa (4%), and Oceania (9%). 63% of trials included high-income countries (HICs) sites alone; only 7% included sites in lower-middle or low-income countries. Most (70%) focused exclusively on gastric or GEJ adenocarcinoma, 13% on EAC and ESCC, and 9% ESCC alone. 16% (n=29) of trials terminated, most due to accrual difficulties (n=13, 44%). In multivariate analysis, study site number, location, and eligible patient population emerged as predictors of termination. Trials conducted exclusively in the US were more likely to terminate (OR 7.22 [95% CI 1.59-32.69]). Conversely, trials conducted exclusively in LMICs were less likely to terminate (OR 0.04 [95% CI 0.01-0.59] v conducted in HIC alone). Studies on ESCC were more likely to terminate (OR 17.74 [95%CI 1.49-210.69]). Trial design characteristics, intervention characteristics, and funding sources were not associated with termination. Conclusion: Although 80% of GE malignancies occur in LMICs, trial activity disproportionately occurs in HICs. Few trials focus on EAC/ESCC despite being highly fatal, highlighting an unmet need. Geographic location of trial sites emerged as a predictor of trial termination, with studies involving LMICs sites less likely to terminate prematurely. This finding highlights the potential benefit of including LMICs in future clinical trials to advance research for these diseases. Citation Format: Ayo Falade, Oluwatayo Adeoye, Geoffrey Buckle. Clinical Trials in Gastroesophageal Cancers: An Analysis of the Global Landscape of Interventional Trials From ClinicalTrials.gov [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 11th Annual Symposium on Global Cancer Research; Closing the Research-to-Implementation Gap; 2023 Apr 4-6. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023;32(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 21.

Abstract 28: Design Workshops: Participatory Co-Design and Iterative Adaptation of Cervical Cancer Screening Implementation Plans in Peru

Abstract Purpose: In many countries, implementation planning for delivery of cancer screening services functions as a ‘top-down’ process, often resulting in fragmentation and bottlenecks at points of service delivery. Participatory engagement of health system planners and actors from across cancer screening and treatment continuum involved with implementation, planning, and adaptation is hypothesized to lead to plans that have a higher likelihood of adoption and sustainability. We tested the feasibility of conducting a 4-day series of participatory ‘design workshops’ for implementation of the recently initiated HPV screening program in the DIRIS Lima Norte (DLN) region of Peru. Methods: The workshop agendas were co-designed by the Peruvian Ministry of Health (MINSA) and the National Cancer Institute (NCI) using principles of participatory action research, implementation science, and systems thinking. The workshop objectives were to clarify the goals and processes of the HPV cervical screening program and reflect on the initial implementation experience. Workshop design was attentive to a) building trust among the health system planners and actors, b) surfacing misconceptions and process bottlenecks, c) equitable representation of perspectives on the process from all levels of the screening system, and d) shared decision-making in actions to improve the system. Results: Through real-time participatory reflection and process mapping of the screening program, context-specific challenges were rapidly identified. The process maps helped participants gain a shared understanding of the complexity of the screening system and quickly identified how one part of the system can create barriers for proximal and distal parts of the system. Participants mentioned feeling detached from the distal barriers before the workshops but now understood their role in the decision-making and problem-solving processes and demonstrated a willingness to work with the regional director to implement process improvements in the system, specifically to ensure women testing positive received the appropriate follow-up care. Conclusion: Rapid embedded implementation research using facilitated workshops with broad health system representation to reflect on the processes and procedures was an acceptable quality improvement activity. MINSA plans to replicate this experience in other regions and to continue to create a culture of trust and establishment of learning health systems. Citation Format: Fatou Jallow, Andrea Matos Orbegozo, Maria Del Carmen Caruhapoma, Víctor A. Palacios, Milagros Montes, Carlos Santos, Margarita Correa-Mendez, Aubrey Villalobos, Alejandro Salicrup, Jose Jeronimo, Laura Nervi, Patti Gravitt, Julia Gage. Design Workshops: Participatory Co-Design and Iterative Adaptation of Cervical Cancer Screening Implementation Plans in Peru [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 11th Annual Symposium on Global Cancer Research; Closing the Research-to-Implementation Gap; 2023 Apr 4-6. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023;32(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 28.

Abstract 59: LNP-CRISPR Gene Editing Enables in Vivo ATAD3A Depletion and Induces the Remission of Head and Neck Cancer

Abstract Purpose: Targeting mitochondrial oncoproteins presents a new concept in developing effective cancer therapeutics. ATAD3A, a nuclear-encoded mitochondrial enzyme, represents a promising target for combating head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), but currently no drug is available to target it directly. CRISPR-Cas9 has been intensively used to modify cancer-associated genes. Using CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing system could deplete ATAD3A in HNSCC cells, but challenges remain as CRISPR editing components must be transported into cells to exert their function. There is a need to explore effective in vivo delivery systems to accelerate the clinical use of CRISPR-Cas9. Methods: We developed and optimized lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) to deliver Cas9 mRNA along with single guide RNA that targeted ATAD3A in the mouse tongue tumors. Molecular alterations were examined by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Cancer cell growth was assessed by MTT, colony formation, soft agar, and 3D cultures. The therapeutic efficacy in tumor development was evaluated in orthotopic tongue tumor NSG mice. Results: We developed CRISPR-based ATAD3A-targeting nanodrugs by loading Cas9 mRNA and anti-ATAD3A sgRNAs into LNPs. Treatment tongue tumors established in NSG mice with LNP-sgATAD3A remarkably repressed tumor growth and downregulated the mitochondrial ERK1/2 oncogenic signaling. As the ATAD3A-ERK1/2 signaling axis drives HNSCC development in a RAS-independent fashion, the addition of LNP-sgATAD3A to the RAS inhibitor salirasib potentiated anticancer activity for HNSCC compared with single arm treatment. Conclusion: Our significant findings demonstrate a novel approach to inhibiting ATAD3A in tumors and provide a possible therapeutic strategy to enhance the success of multimodality therapy in cancer patients. Citation Format: Yong Teng, Fanghui Chen, Liwei Lang, Yamin Li. LNP-CRISPR Gene Editing Enables in Vivo ATAD3A Depletion and Induces the Remission of Head and Neck Cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 11th Annual Symposium on Global Cancer Research; Closing the Research-to-Implementation Gap; 2023 Apr 4-6. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023;32(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 59.

Abstract 62: Minding the Gap: Implementation of Sequencing-Based Diagnostics for Pediatric Cancer in Resource-Limited Settings

Abstract Purpose: Overall survival for pediatric cancer in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) remains at 30%, compared to 80% in high-income countries in part from limited access to appropriate diagnostics. Genome sequencing-based diagnostics can provide comprehensive classification for pediatric cancer which leads to more effective treatment selection. Our aim is to understand barriers and opportunities for implementation of genomic sequencing for pediatric cancer classification in LMICs to contribute to improved survival for children with cancer. Methods: Across World Bank income classification regions, twelve partner sites contributed. Site champions completed surveys to identify available resources and needs for implementation of genomic-based sequencing. Semi-structured interviews with key implementation partners at six sites are being conducted. Twelve interviews across two sites have been completed using an interview guide informed by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). Rapid qualitative analysis is being performed to identify key themes regarding implementation needs and strengths. Results: Survey findings revealed 6,159 children diagnosed per year across LMIC partner sites (n=11). There was an overall mean of 266 diagnoses per year for leukemia/lymphoma, 219 diagnoses per year for non-CNS solid tumor cases, and 105 diagnoses per year for CNS tumors (n=11). All sites had access to morphology, 92% had access to immunohistochemistry, 83% had access to flow cytometry, 58% had access to cytogenetics, and 75% of sites had access to PCR, microarray, or DNA mutation panels. All sites had some level of access to research personnel/laboratory equipment, 75% of sites had genome sequencing experience, and 58% of sites had a tumor repository. Qualitative analysis of interviews (n=7) from the first partner site identified several key themes. Major implementation needs were human resource training and site-level implementation costs. Current strengths included buy-in from administration and support for the relative advantage of sequencing technology compared with locally-available standard of care. Most collaborators were optimistic that sequencing-based diagnostics would be feasible to implement. Collection of qualitative data and analysis is ongoing. Conclusion: Determination of effective implementation strategies for sequencing-based diagnostics in LMICs will contribute to improved survival for children with cancer. Citation Format: Kenneth Busby, Angelo Navas, Nickhill Bhakta, Caitlyn Duffy, Javeria Aijaz, Federico Antillón Klüssmann, Thomas Alexander, Megan Roberts. Minding the Gap: Implementation of Sequencing-Based Diagnostics for Pediatric Cancer in Resource-Limited Settings [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 11th Annual Symposium on Global Cancer Research; Closing the Research-to-Implementation Gap; 2023 Apr 4-6. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023;32(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 62.

Abstract 63: Mobile Health Technology for Tailored Tobacco Cessation Support in Lao People’s Democratic Republic: A Pilot Trial

Abstract Purpose: Tobacco smoking (cigarettes: >90%) is the leading cause of preventable cancer morbidity and mortality in Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR). Nonetheless, there are very few tobacco treatment programs in Lao PDR and none are accessible nationwide. Our parent project aims to use mobile health (mHealth) technology, which is highly scalable and affordable, to help Lao people quit smoking cigarettes. The aim of this pilot randomized controlled trial is to assess the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of our novel mHealth intervention. Methods: Fifty participants were recruited from Setthathirath Hospital in Vientiane and Champasak Hospital in Champasak Province (n=25/site). Participants were randomized to Standard Care (SC, n=25) or Automated Messaging (AM, n=25). SC comprised of brief advice to quit, a 2-week supply of nicotine patches, and self-help materials (prepared and printed by our team based on the World Health Organization’s guide to quit). AM consisted of the SC components plus a fully automated smartphone-based treatment program that involved interactive and tailored proactive messaging for 3 months (~2-3 messages per day), delivered by our InsightTM system. Results: All participants were Lao ethnicity and 14.3% were female. Results indicated high feasibility of the intervention (i.e., 90.7% of study messages/weekly assessments were delivered and 88.7% of these were read/completed). There was no loss to follow-up at 3 months. AM was highly acceptable: 91.6% agreed or strongly agreed that the InsightTM app was easy to use, 100% of AM participants agreed or strongly agreed that the message content was easy to understand, and 95.8% felt comfortable with opening messages in public places. Regarding preliminary efficacy, changes in self-efficacy to avoid smoking in various social situations (measured on a 5-point Likert scale) from baseline to the 3-month follow-up was 0.41 for AM participants and -0.12 for SC participants (P=0.68). Biochemically verified 7-day point prevalence abstinence at 3 months follow-up were comparably high for both groups (29.2% for AM and 28.0% for SC, relative risk: 0.96, 95% confidence interval: 0.39, 2.32). Conclusion: Our mHealth-based AM program for smoking cessation is highly feasible, disseminable, acceptable, and potentially efficacious in Lao PDR. Citation Format: Shweta Kulkarni, Phonepadith Xangsayarath, Dalouny Xayavong, Chanthavy Soulaphy, Khatthanaphone Phandouangsy, Phayvanh Keopaseuth, Khamsing Keothongkou, Tina Le, Damon Vidrine, Jennifer Vidrine, Summer Frank-Pearce, Michael Businelle, Thanh Bui. Mobile Health Technology for Tailored Tobacco Cessation Support in Lao People’s Democratic Republic: A Pilot Trial [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 11th Annual Symposium on Global Cancer Research; Closing the Research-to-Implementation Gap; 2023 Apr 4-6. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023;32(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 63.