Scientific Proceedings Research Articles

Designing of railway wheels. Part 2: Comparison of numerical analysis and experimental research

Current design process can be simplified and accelerated, if computer simulation based on finite element method (FEM) is used. FEM numerical calculations of different wheels of railway wheelsets are investigated in the Department of Railway Engineering. The justification for undertaking this issue is that there is no methodology in the design of railway wheelsets both in Poland and abroad. In order to assess the calculation model, experimental tests of static loads (due to carriage weight) and thermal loads (due to braking) have been run. The results of these tests have been compared with the results of numerical analysis. The proposed calculation model has been compared with the results of test stand investigation. Comparison of the results has confirmed the correctness of the proposed discrete model and calculation algorithm. In the framework of the common scientific-didactic projects of Railway Engineering Department and Central Rail Research Institute in Moscow and producer of railway wheelsets-BONATRANS a.s. in Bohumin (Czech Republic), the method was worked out, and the experimental researches were conducted on specialists certified stands for railway wheelset researches (Sitarz, M., Bizoń, K., and Chruzik, K. Numerical calculations reckonings of railway wheel sets. W: Scientific Proceedings of Riga Technical University, 2002, str 84-89, Sladkowski, A., Bizoń, K., and Chruzik, K. Porównanie wyników analizy MES z wynikami pomiarów tensometrycznych deformacji kól kolejowych zestawów kolowych, Zeszyty Naukowe Katedry Mechaniki Stosowanej nr 18/2002, Gliwice, 2002, str 397-402, Zima, R., Bizoń, K., Chruzik, K. Badania teoretyczne i eksperymentalne kól kolejowych zestawów kolowych, W: XLII Sympozjon ‘Modelowanie w mechanice’, Wisla, 2003).

Foreword

Abstract Special topics have come to represent a familiar albeit irregular feature of Pure and Applied Chemistry (PAC) in recent years, and were originally conceived as a way of promoting occasional and sometimes extraordinary IUPAC projects. The concept has served to publicize new initiatives, and promote the role of chemistry in multidisciplinary activities and collaboration. For example, the proceedings of two successive Workshops on Advanced Materials featured prominently as special topic issues, and the series has now been assimilated into the program of established IUPAC events, whilst projects arising from close collaboration with fellow international bodies have enjoyed similar coverage, with special topic issues on "Natural and Anthropogenic Environmental Estrogens" and "Implications of Endocrine Active Substances for Humans and Wildlife". Publication policy has also been evolving to ensure that the Journal continues to occupy a unique and indispensable niche in the primary chemistry literature, and recent changes have been influenced by the distinctive features of special topic projects. Most notably, a prerequisite for publication coverage of IUPAC-sponsored events is prior editorial agreement on the desirability and scope of Journal coverage, as is acceptance of centrally coordinated peer review of all manuscripts. The policy recognizes that the core business of the Journal is to promote representative coverage of the established series of IUPAC-sponsored international conferences, for the good reason that they serve the topical mainstream of the subject with distinction. It is therefore logical to seek out and promote certain events in these established series as "special topics", and thus offer readers more in-depth coverage of the scientific proceedings. The recent history of special topics drawn from established series has vindicated this approach, and early citation statistics reveal an encouraging trend toward high recognition of such coverage. Conversely, above-average citation statistics provide valuable clues to established events that merit coverage as special topics. Organic synthesis is one such topic ó the series has a 30-year history of immensely popular and well-supported international conferences that have witnessed some of the epochal disclosures of the discipline. Although earlier proceedings were sometimes published as monographs, PAC now enjoys the privilege of featuring proceedings from this series regularly, thanks to the enthusiastic support of conference organizers and presenters alike. It is a pleasure to introduce this issue, devoted to a fine selection of works arising from the scientific proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Organic Synthesis, held in Nagoya, Japan on 1ñ6 August 2004. The papers capture the vitality and ongoing promise of organic synthesis, and offer readers an opportunity to participate vicariously in another milestone in its advancement. Special topic issues will feature more regularly in the future, as a deliberate initiative to showcase some of the most prominent and enduring disciplinary themes on offer in the calendar of established IUPAC-sponsored conferences. James R. Bull Scientific Editor *An issue of reviews and research papers based on lectures presented at the 15th International Conference on Organic Synthesis (ICOS-15), held in Nagoya, Japan, 1-6 August 2004, on the theme of organic synthesis. Other presentations are published in this issue, pp. 1087-1296.

Preface

Abstract The 17th International Conference on Physical Organic Chemistry (ICPOC-17) is the latest event in a regular IUPAC-sponsored series, and took place in Shanghai, China on 15ñ20 August 2004 under the local auspices of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Chemical Society. About 200 delegates attended ICPOC-17 from 21 countries, to participate in a scientific program comprising 14 plenary and 17 invited lectures, 41 contributed lectures, and 53 posters. The ongoing importance of the conference theme is reflected in a range of topics that serve to underpin fundamental principles of the subject, whilst also addressing new and evolving challenges posed by the growing interdisciplinary interfaces. This interdependence is exemplified by the centrality of mechanistic insight in modern synthesis, the interpretive and predictive power of theoretical studies, and the indispensable role of physical organic principles in studies of organized matter and biological systems, all of which featured prominently in the program. Proceedings of this series of conferences are traditionally published in Pure and Applied Chemistry, and it is pleasing to introduce a representative selection of outstanding works based upon plenary lectures delivered at ICPOC-17. Mechanistic studies form the subject of papers by H. Mayr (Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany), V. D. Parker (Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA), and M. Eckert-Maksic (Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia), whilst those of F. Diederich (ETH, Zurich, Switzerland) and C. J. Easton (Australian National University, Canberra, Australia) address fundamental aspects of materials sciences. Biological themes feature in works by F. M. Menger (Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA), Zhong-Li Liu (Lanzhou University, China), and A. Pross (Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel). Collectively, these papers exemplify the vigor and topicality of the overall scientific proceedings of ICPOC-17, and convey something of the diversity of themes that characterize current and future challenges in physical organic chemistry. This important forum will reconvene in Warsaw on 20ñ25 August 2006 for the 18th International Conference on Physical Organic Chemistry (ICPOC-18), and it is confidently expected that this record will serve the needs of practicing scientists, and offer inspiration and insight for future advances that may be reported on that occasion. Min-Bo Chen Conference Editor

Scientific Proceedings (Abstracts) 26th German Cancer Congress

Scientific Proceedings (Abstracts) 26th German Cancer Congress

Abstracts of the VII Symposium on Research in Head and Neck Cancer. 4-6 September 2003, Dusseldorf, Germany.

Abstracts of the VII Symposium on Research in Head and Neck Cancer. 4-6 September 2003, Dusseldorf, Germany.

On Proceedings of XVI Russian Scientific and Technical Conference. Progress in Ultrasonic Testing

The XVI Russian Scientific and Technical Conference devoted to nondestructive testing has taken place September 9–12, 2002 in St. Petersburg. The participants of the conference obtained the program, abstracts of the papers [1], and a compact disk with presentation of the reports. This paper reviews the most interesting studies on ultrasonic testing presented in this conference. The reports devoted to vibrational diagnostics and acoustic emission are not reviewed. Certain reports are absent on the compact disk. In what follows, this is noted and the summary of the papers is given.

Balloon Valvuloplasty in a Cat with Pulmonic Stenosis

Journal of Veterinary Internal MedicineVolume 17, Issue 6 p. 928-930 Open Access Balloon Valvuloplasty in a Cat with Pulmonic Stenosis Michael Stafford Johnson, Corresponding Author Michael Stafford Johnson the Veterinary Cardiorespiratory Centre, Kenilworth, War-wickshire, UK. MVB, MRCVS, CERT SAM, CERT VC, MACVS (Canine Medicine), 43 Waverley Road, Ken-ilworth, Warwickshire, CV8 1JL, UK; e-mail: m[email protected]Search for more papers by this authorMike Martin, Mike Martin the Veterinary Cardiorespiratory Centre, Kenilworth, War-wickshire, UK.Search for more papers by this author Michael Stafford Johnson, Corresponding Author Michael Stafford Johnson the Veterinary Cardiorespiratory Centre, Kenilworth, War-wickshire, UK. MVB, MRCVS, CERT SAM, CERT VC, MACVS (Canine Medicine), 43 Waverley Road, Ken-ilworth, Warwickshire, CV8 1JL, UK; e-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorMike Martin, Mike Martin the Veterinary Cardiorespiratory Centre, Kenilworth, War-wickshire, UK.Search for more papers by this author First published: 28 June 2008 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2003.tb02535.xCitations: 9AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL References 1 Kienle RD. Congenital pulmonic stenosis. In: MD Kittleson, RD Kienle, ed. Small Animal Cardiovascular Medicine. St Louis , MO : Mosby; 1998: 248– 260. 2 Buchanan JW, Anderson JH, White RI. The 1st balloon valvu-loplasty: An historical note. J Vet Intern Med 2002; 16: 116– 117. 3 Rao PS. Long-term follow-up results after balloon dilatation of pulmonic stenosis, aortic stenosis and coarctation of the aorta: A review. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 1999; 42: 59– 74. 4 Ewey DM, Pion PD, Hird DW. Survival in treated and untreated dogs with congenital pulmonic stenosis. J Vet Intern Med 1992; 6: 114 (ACVIM abstracts). 5 Boon JA. Pulmonic stenosis. In: JA Boon, ed. Manual of Veterinary Echocardiography, 1st ed. Baltimore , MD : Williams and Wil-kins; 1998: 397– 404. 6 Orton EC, Bruecker KA, Mc Cracken TO. An open patch-graft technique for correction of pulmonic stenosis in the dog. Vet Surg 1990; 19: 148– 154. 7 Hunt GB, Pearson MRB, Bellenger CR, Malik R. Use of a modified patch-graft technique and valvulectomy for correction of severe pulmonic stenosis in dogs: Eight consecutive cases. Aust Vet J 1993; 70: 244– 248. 8 Mac Lean HN, Abbott JA, Pyle RL. Balloon dilation of double-chambered right ventricle in a cat. J Vet Intern Med 2002; 16: 478– 484. 9 Fingland RB, Bonagura JD, Myer CW. Pulmonic stenosis in the dog: 29 cases (1975–1975). J Am Vet Med Assoc 1986; 189: 218– 226. 10 Gordon SG, Miller MW, Baig S. A retrospective review of balloon valvuloplasty for the treatment of pulmonic stenosis in 50 dogs. First International Symposium for Veterinary Cardiology, Scientific Proceedings, Prague, 2002. 11 Rao PS. Balloon dilatation in infants and children with dys-plastic pulmonary valves: Short-term and intermediate-term results. Am Heart J 1988; 116: 1168– 1173. 12 Shrivastava S, Krishna Kumar R, Saxena A, Das G. Determinants of immediate and follow-up results of pulmonary balloon val-vuloplasty. Clin Cardiol 1993; 16: 497– 502. 13 Echigo S. Balloon valvuloplasty for congenital heart disease: Immediate and long-term results of multi-institutional study. Pediatr Int 2001; 43: 542– 547. 14 Thomas WP, Sisson D, de Lellis LA. Technique and short term hemodynamic effects of balloon catheter dilation of congenital obstructive cardiac defects (pulmonic and subaortic stenosis) in dogs. Proceedings of the 7th ACVIM Forum, San Diego, CA, 1989: 830– 835. 15 Berman W, Fripp RR, Raisher BD, Yabek SM. Significant pulmonary valve incompetence following oversize balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty in small infants: A long-term follow-up study. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 1999; 48: 61– 65. 16 Martin MWS, Godman M, Luis Fuentes V, et al. Assessment of balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty in six dogs. J Small Anim Pract 1992; 33: 443– 449. 17 Gupta D, Saxena A, Kothari SS, Juneja R. Factors influencing late course of residual valvular and infundibular gradients following pulmonary valve balloon dilatation. Int J Cardiol 2001; 79: 143– 149. 18 Bussadori C, de Madron E, Santilli RA, Borgarelli M. Balloon valvuloplasty in 30 dogs with pulmonic stenosis: Effect of valve morphology and annular size in initial and 1-year outcome. J Vet Intern Med 2001; 15: 553– 558. 19 Ristic JME, Marin CJ, Baines EA, Herrtage ME. Congenital pulmonic stenosis a retrospective study of 24 cases seen between 1990–1990. J Vet Cardiol 2001; 3: 13– 19. Citing Literature Volume17, Issue6November 2003Pages 928-930 ReferencesRelatedInformation

Abstracts of randomized controlled trials presented at the society for pediatric research meeting: an example of publication bias.

Publication bias toward studies that favor new therapies has been known to occur for the past 40 years, yet its implications are not well studied in child health. The increased interest in meta-analyses has highlighted the need to identify the totality of evidence when addressing treatment questions. To measure the percentage of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) presented at a major pediatric scientific meeting that were subsequently published as full-length articles, to investigate factors associated with publication, and to describe the variables that change from abstract to manuscript form. The scientific proceedings from the Society for Pediatric Research were hand searched for RCTs (1992-1995). Subsequent publication was ascertained through a search of various electronic databases. Quality of abstracts and manuscripts was measured, and data were extracted using a structured form. A total of 264 (59.1%) of 447 abstracts were subsequently published. Almost 64% of RCTs that were subsequently published favored new therapy compared with 43.5% of studies that were never published (P<.001). Mean effect size for published vs unpublished RCTs was 0.74 vs 0.05 (P<.001). Median sample size was larger in published (n = 45) vs unpublished (n = 34) RCTs (P =.02). Quality was significantly lower for abstracts vs published RCTs (P<.001). For 5% of abstracts that were subsequently published, the conclusion regarding treatment efficacy changed. Publication bias is a serious threat to assessing the effectiveness of interventions in child health, as little more than half of RCTs presented at a major scientific meeting are subsequently published. There is a need to institute an international registry of RCTs in children so that the totality of evidence can be accessed when assessing treatment effectiveness.

Scientific Proceedings (Abstracts) 25th German Cancer Congress

Scientific Proceedings (Abstracts) 25th German Cancer Congress

Bibliometric Research of International Scientific Conferences Proceedings in the Context of the Current Objectives of Library and Information Service

The possibilities of the applications of the structure of bibliographical references in the proceedings of international scientific conferences for the management of information and library service are under discussion. On behalf of such research branches that do not have any specialized periodicals and which researchers are involved in other branches, too, it is demonstrated that the international scientific conference proceedings could be the only reliable source of references that adequately represent such branches and could be used for corresponding bibliometric studies. The results of the studies of disciplinary, chronological and species structures of references cited in the proceedings of the conferences in magnetic fluids and in bone marrow purging and processing are featured and discussed. Some results of detailed citation study of the citedness of particular authors are also presented. It is shown that the practice of taking into account the citation figures referring to only the first co-authors destroys the real picture of impact of individuals (in contrast to what Ferreiro, Ortega & Lara tried to demonstrate in 1977). The basic conclusion: there is a need in the bibliographical index of the proceedings of international scientific conferences of the citation index type.

Scientific Proceedings (Abstracts) Eleventh Congress of the Division of Experimental Cancer Research (AEK) of the German Cancer Society

Scientific Proceedings (Abstracts) Eleventh Congress of the Division of Experimental Cancer Research (AEK) of the German Cancer Society

A Critical Review of Oxazolidinones: An Alternative or Replacement for Glycopeptides and Streptogramins?

To review the available data on the oxazolidinones linezolid and eperezolid. Published reports were obtained by searching MEDLINE for articles published between 1992 and 2000, inclusive. References of published papers were also obtained and reviewed. Abstracts from scientific proceedings were reviewed. Due to the limited data available regarding these agents, the criteria for study inclusion were not restrictive. The oxazolidinones (eg, linezolid) are a new antimicrobial class with a unique mechanism of action. They are active against resistant Gram-positive cocci including methicillin-susceptible and -resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), methicillin-susceptible and -resistant Staphylococccus epidermidis, vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) and penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (PRSP). Linezolid is active against anaerobes and displays modest activity against fastidious Gram-negative pathogens such as Haemophilus influenzae, but is not active against Enterobacteriaceae. Linezolid is available both orally and parenterally, and has a bioavailability of 100%. Clinical trials comparing linezolid with standard therapy have demonstrated similar bacteriological and clinical cures rates to standard therapy in community- and hospital-acquired pneumonia, uncomplicated and complicated skin and soft tissue infections, and infections caused by MRSA and VRE. Adverse effects have been minor and infrequent; however, platelets should be monitored in patients who have received more than two weeks of linezolid therapy. It is expected that these agents will have a bright future due to their excellent spectrum of activity against antibiotic-resistant Gram-positive organisms, such as MRSA, VRE and PRSP, and their excellent bioavailability. The oxazolidinones represent a new class of antimicrobials with a unique mechanism of action. They have excellent activity against susceptible and resistant Gram-positive organisms such as MRSA, methicillin-susceptible S epidermidis, VRE and PRSP, and a good adverse effect profile; they can be administered both intravenously and orally. Their potential use in Canada may be as an intravenous and oral alternative to glycopeptides and streptogramins.

日本語テキストに対する統計的検索手法の性能比較 －テストコレクションによる実証－

The paper reports some findings from an empirical study on comparison of retrieval performance between some statistical methods : vector space and probabilistic models. A large Japanese text test collection provided by the NACSIS was used, which consists of about 330,000 records of scientific proceedings. Each statistical method was testified using three kinds of indexing techniques for Japanese text : (1) longest matching against entries in a dictionary, (2) tokenizing by change of kind of characters, (3) a simple bi-gram method. Almost no statistically significant difference among the methods was observed, but it seems that probabilistic method based on logistic regression model indicates relatively better performance than other methods.

The new fluoroquinolones: A critical review.

This paper reviews the literature available on the new fluoroquinolones - clinafloxacin, gatifloxacin, grepafloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, sparfloxacin and trovafloxacin - to compare these agents with each other and contrast them with ciprofloxacin, an older fluoroquinolone. Published papers used were obtained by searching MEDLINE for articles published between 1994 and 1998, inclusive. References of published papers were also obtained and reviewed. Abstracts from scientific proceedings were reviewed. Due to the limited data available on several of the agents, criteria for study inclusion in the in vitro, pharmacokinetics and in vivo sections were not restrictive. The new fluoroquinolones offer excellent Gram-negative bacillary activity and improved Gram-positive activity (eg, against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus) over ciprofloxacin. Clinafloxacin, gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin, sparfloxacin and trovafloxacin display improved activity against anaerobes (eg, Bacteriodes fragilis). All of the new fluoroquinolones have a longer serum half-life than ciprofloxacin (allowing for once daily dosing), and several are eliminated predominantly by nonrenal means. No clinical trials are available comparing the new fluoroquinolones with each other. Clinical trials comparing the new fluoroquinolones with standard therapy have demonstrated good efficacy in a variety of infections. Their adverse effect profile is similar to that of ciprofloxacin. Clinafloxacin and sparfloxacin cause a high incidence of phototoxicity (1.5% to 14% and 2% to 11.7%, respectively), grepafloxacin causes a high incidence of taste perversion (9% to 17%) and trovafloxacin causes a high incidence of dizziness (11%). They all interact with metal ion-containing drugs (eg, antacids), and clinafloxacin and grepafloxacin interact with theophylline. The new fluoroquinolones are expensive; however, their use may result in savings in situations where, because of their potent and broad spectrum of activity, they can be used orally in place of intravenous antibiotics. The new fluoroquinolones offer advantages over ciprofloxacin in terms of improved in vitro activity and pharmacokinetics. Whether these advantages translate into improved clinical outcomes is presently unknown. The new fluoroquinolones have the potential to emerge as important therapeutic agents in the treatment of respiratory tract and genitourinary tract infections.

9th AEK Symposium of the Devision of Experimental Cancer Research of the German Cancer Society (Scientific Proceedings, Abstracts)

9th AEK Symposium of the Devision of Experimental Cancer Research of the German Cancer Society (Scientific Proceedings, Abstracts)

Mapping the dynamics of telephone switching devices

In this contribution relations between scientific articles, conference proceedings and patents relating to telephone switching are analyzed. The state-of-the-art in scientometrics and science and technology studies leads one to expect relations among these documents. Empirical findings show the opposite. To interpret these findings I focus on two key issues in scientometrics, namely the frequency of linkages among documents and the nature of communication. The resulting conclusion is that scientometrics should be informed by theories concerning the evolutionary dynamics of science and technology.

Scientific Proceedings of the Victor Bonney Society Meeting, Warren House, Kingston-upon-Thames, 8–10 April 1994

Scientific Proceedings of the Victor Bonney Society Meeting, Warren House, Kingston-upon-Thames, 8–10 April 1994

Scientific Proceedings of the Victor Bonney Society Meeting, Tylney Hall, Hampshire, 14-15 May 1993

Scientific Proceedings of the Victor Bonney Society Meeting, Tylney Hall, Hampshire, 14-15 May 1993

Scientific Proceedings of the Victor Bonney Society Meeting, Chepstow, Gwent, 3–4 April 1992

Scientific Proceedings of the Victor Bonney Society Meeting, Chepstow, Gwent, 3–4 April 1992

Scientific Proceedings—Panel Reports; Sadism and Masochism in Character Disorder and Resistance

Scientific Proceedings—Panel Reports; Sadism and Masochism in Character Disorder and Resistance