Drawing Procedure Research Articles

Low loss poly(methylmethacrylate-d8) core optical fibers

Low loss plastic optical fibers (POF’s) have been prepared employing a poly(methylmethacrylate-d8) core and fluorinated alkyl methacrylate copolymer cladding with attenuation losses of 20, 25, and 50 dB/km at wavelengths of 660, 780, and 850 nm, respectively. These values were attained using the POF fabrication method which incorporates a closed polymerization and fiber drawing procedure. The POF can allow optical signal transmission over about 1300 m at −34 dBm at a rate up to 10 MHz using a display grade GaAlAs light-emitting diode whose emission power at 660 nm and 20 mA of forward input current is 1 mW. The loss limit of this poly(methylmethacrylate-d8) core POF is estimated to be 10 dB/km at 680 nm.

Increasing the Acceptance of Transplanted Honeybee Worker Larvae by Queen-Cell Starter Colonies with the use of Partially Drawn Artificial Queen Cups

SummaryChanges in dimensions of artificial queen cups containing transplanted worker honeybee larvae (Apis mellifera) were followed statistically as the cups were drawn by nurse bees for 7–26 h, and percentage acceptance of larvae was correlated with cup size (6 mm or 12 mm) and form (‘undrawn’ or ‘drawn’). Dimensions of empty 6-mm cups of 5·97 ± 0·029 mm internal length, 8·07 ± 0·025 mm opening diameter and 3·00 ± 0·018 mm maximum base-wall thickness were altered by queenless workers over a 24-h period to 3·71 ± 0·025 mm length, 5·47 ± 0·055 mm opening diameter, and 5·75 ± 0·054 mm base-wall thickness. Empty 12-mm cups of 11·97 ± 0·029 mm length, 8·87 ± 0·027 mm opening diameter and 3·10 ± 0·031 mm base-wall thickness were similarly modified to produce corresponding dimensions of 8·89 ± 0·033 mm, 5·34 ± 0·057 mm and 5·28 ± 0·059 mm.Percentage acceptance of transplanted worker larvae 24 h old for 4 types of cups was: 6-mm undrawn, 10·9%; 6-mm drawn, 48·6%; 12-mm undrawn, 63·9%; 12-mm drawn, 78·6%. Percentage acceptance for larvae transplanted into 12-mm cells drawn for different periods was: 7 h, 50%; 14 h, 70%; 21 h, 75%; 26 h, 87·5%. It was concluded that the drawing procedure significantly improved the acceptability of artificial cups, and that any special property acquired from the cups being drawn was less effective in promoting acceptance than an increase in cell length of 8 mm but more effective than an increase of 3 mm.

Study of Universal Motors with Lag Angle Brushes

A drawing procedure of vector diagrams is presented for the performance analysis of universal motors with lag angle brushes. Using this procedure, some examples are described. They are brush voltage drop, leakage reactance, iron loss angle, and mechanical loss separation etc.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF ESCAPE BEHAVIOR IN A SIMULATED PANIC SITUATION (II)

The purpose of the present study was to mvestigate experimentally the effect of leadership behavior in a simulated panic situation on escape behavior. The percentage of successful escaping, the degree of jam, and the occurrence of the aggressive and concessive responses were examined. In this experiment, according to PM leadership theory, 4 conditions of 1eadership types, e. g., PM type, planning P type, pressure P type, and M type were set up. 372 university students was divded into groups of 6 members of the same sex. Among the above groups, 32 groups were assigned to experiment l and 30 groups were allocated to experiment 2.In experiment 1, leadership conditions were introduced immediately after the beginning of the experiment. On the other hand, in experiment 2, the leader did not show any behavior for the first 30 seconds. An experimental group was composed of 6 subjects and l confederate. For the subjects, the leader was supposed to be elected by the lot drawing procedure. The leader's task was to givestatements and directions to the other 6 members. His leadership behavior was of the PM, planning P, pressure P, and M types which are described in the PM Ieadership theory. The PM behavior is a combined type of planning P and M. The leader's planning P behavior is to indicate definitely the refugees (IND), order them (ORD), supporting their escape (SUP). Concretely, the leader's planning P behavior was expressd in the statements such as “evacuate at first starting from the left or right wings!, ” “escape orderly one after another!, ” etc... On the other hand, pressure P behavior was expressed in the statements such as “hurry up!, ” “there is no time left!, ” etc... The statements expressed by the leader in the M condition were of the “take it easy!, ” “don't be nervous!, ” “there is long time left!, ” etc...The results were as follows:1. The ratio of successful escape was the highest in the PM condition, next to which comes the planning P condition the M condition, and last the pressure P condition. As for the degree of jam, the erder is lust the reverse. That is, the lowest degree was found in the PM condition, and the highest in the pressure P condition.2. Frequency of aggressive or concessive behavior was the highest in the pressure P condition, next to which comes the M condition, the planning P condition, and last the PM condition.3. The ratio of appropriateness of the leader's behavior as perceived by the subjects was the highest in the PM condition, next to which comes the planning P condition, and last the M condition. As for the degree of subjects' bother about the sequential click sound which showed elasping time, it was the highest in the M type condition, next to which comes the planning P type condition, and last the PM type condition.

Application of a three-dimensional drawing procedure to the evaluation of series of protein samples after analysis by gel electrophoresis and other methods

Application of a three-dimensional drawing procedure to the evaluation of series of protein samples after analysis by gel electrophoresis and other methods

Differential thermal analysis of drawn PET-films

PET films were uniaxially drawn in a water bath at temperatures below and near glass transition temperature. Draw velocity and draw ratio were varied. DTA curves were recorded and analysed. For discussion of DTA density and birefringence were measured. DTA data are shown to supply information about morphology, which cannot be given by knowing density and birefringence. On the contrary drawing procedure modifies the resulting morphology in a complex way.

Self-concepts of chronically ill children.

This is an investigation of the self-concept of chronically ill children with blood disease. The responses of 54 chronically ill girls and boys, aged 3 1/2 to 12, were compared with the responses of 115 healthy girls and boys, aged 3 1/2 to 10 1/2, by means of a projective drawing procedure. Few differences were found between the groups. Results were interpreted in terms of coping theory. Sex and age differences were obtained for both groups.

Preparation and properties of high modulus–tensile strength polymeric materials

AbstractA two stage drawing procedure is described for producing highly oriented polymeric materials. The high orientation of both the crystalline and amorphous phase in the semi‐crystalline materials studied resulted in the materials possessing high mechanical properties. The ability to obtain high amorphous orientation is critical. Tensile strengths of 16 g/denier for polyethylene are determined, for example. The results suggest that the existence of a prominent crystalline dispersion mechanism (as observed in dynamical mechanical studies) is not necessary for the attainment of high mechanical properties. Thus a method was devised for the determination of the optimum drawing temperature.

Information, choice, and reactions to stress: A field experiment in a blood bank with laboratory analogue.

Two experiments examined the effects of various operations of personal control on reactions to stress. The first study incorporated two features into the blood drawing procedure at a blood bank: providing donors with accurate information and allowing donors to choose the arm to be used. Measurement of nurses' actions to prevent donors from fainting and self-reports of discomfort revealed that the combination of choice and information was somewhat effective in reducing distress. However, providing either information or choice alone was more effective. In a second laboratory study using a cold pressor stimulus as stressor, subjects given a choice (the option to terminate the aversive stimulus and choice of hand used) showed a reduction of aftereffects on a measure of attention to detail. Subjects given information but not choice also showed this reduction. Combining information and choice was no different from either treatment alone. Taken together, the results of both studies indicate that moderate levels of choice and information are optimal for coping with stress. An explanation was suggested based on a contextually determined relationship amomg choice, information, and perceived control.

Information, choice, and reactions to stress: A field experiment in a blood bank with laboratory analogue.

Two experiments examined the effects of various operations of personal control on reactions to stress. The first study incorporated two features into the blood drawing procedure at a blood bank: providing donors with accurate information and allowing donors to choose the arm to be used. Measurement of nurses' actions to prevent donors from fainting and self-reports of discomfort revealed that the combination of choice and information was somewhat effective in reducing distress. However, providing either information or choice alone was more effective. In a second laboratory study using a cold pressor stimulus as stressor, subjects given a choice (the option to terminate the aversive stimulus and choice of hand used) showed a reduction of aftereffects on a measure of attention to detail. Subjects given information but not choice also showed this reduction. Combining information and choice was no different from either treatment alone. Taken together, the results of both studies indicate that moderate levels of choice and information are optimal for coping with stress. An explanation was suggested based on a contextually determined relationship amomg choice, information, and perceived control.

A high‐level language for numerically controlled cutting machines used in shipyards

Abstract Numerically controlled (N/C) flame cutting machines have been extensively used in modern shipyards to cut steel plate according to a given contour. This paper presents a geometry description language CSBL‐1.0 to describe contours of shipbody parts. Its language processor is designed to interpret part programs in this language to generate N/C code for controlling the cutting machines. The part programmers coding in this language can essentially mimic the procedure of contour drawing. It is easy to learn and easy to use. Furthermore, part programs in this language are more comprehensive than the corresponding N/C numerical codes and hence they can be easily debugged and maintained. Also, coding in this language can essentially be relieved from mostly tedious and error‐prone geometrical calculations, which are rendered to the language processor. Techniques in automating these calculations are presented. Finally, some possible future extensions are discussed. This language, which has been field‐teste...

Disk generators for a raster display device

A simple modification of Horn's circle drawing procedure yields a disk generator for a class of graphic devices capable of drawing rectangular areas. Another variation produces a disk a scan-line at a time, allowing it to be drawn at the refresh rate of the display. The calculations involve only additions and binary shifts.

Procedure of Drawing Out Forecast Contours for Aircraft Noise around Air Base

Procedure of Drawing Out Forecast Contours for Aircraft Noise around Air Base

Morphology of melt-drawn polyethylene films investigated by transmission electron microscopy

Abstract Melt-drawn polyethylene fibers have been investigated by transmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction. Depending on the drawing procedure, different morphologies have been observed. In the material drawn at a temperature of the melt of 155°C, a strong fiber texture was obtained. In the material drawn at lower temperatures, a second supermolecular structure was found. This second structure was attributed to the presence of small crystallites or of crystalline aggregates embedded in the oriented material. The size of the crystallites or crystalline aggregates ranges from 100 A to a few microns. A model of these two coexisting supermolecular structures is proposed to account for the above observations.

Mechanical properties of ultra‐oriented polyethylene

AbstractSemicrystalline polymers generally exhibit moduli well below their theoretical limit due to chain folding and to lack of crystal alignment. Modulus increases attainable through standard drawing procedures are limited by sample fracture before large draw ratios are reached. Using an Instron capillary rheometer which allowed a draw ratio of > 300, transparent polyethylene strands of unusually high c‐axis orientation have been produced by a combination of pressure and shear. The virtually perfect crystalline orientation and evidence for extended chains confirm that a significant improvement in modulus can be realized by this technique. The dynamic tensile storage modulus was measured by Vibron over the temperature range −160°C to +120°C. Room‐temperature moduli were 7 × 1011 dyne/cm2, higher than any reported values for drawn polyethylene. Values also remained above 1011 dyne/cm2 even at 120°C. The moduli and morphological data have been related by a model consisting of an extended‐chain component in paralled with a conventional drawn morphology. Experimental and calculated moduli are compared and related to available theory.

The storage and manipulation of radiation dose data in a small digital computer.

Abstract A small dedicated computer has been in routine use for three years for the production of dose distributions for 1,000 patients per year. It has completely replaced hand drawing procedures. Details are given of the physical and computing principles employed in the system. A method of beam tabulation designed to minimize the amount of data stored in the computer and suitable for a wide variety of beams, is described. This method has been found to give accurate results in all parts of filtered or unfiltered beams produced by cobalt 60 and by 6 MeV and 8 MeV linear accelerators. A correction procedure is used which makes accurate compensation for skin curvature and for variations in SSD, which occur in isocentric treatments. The method has been further developed to compensate for tissue inhomogeneities, such as bone and lung, with little reduction in speed of calculation. Finally, methods are described which have been used to obtain beam data in the right form for storage and subsequent retrieval.

The Wayte Drawing Procedure in Personality Assessment

The Wayte Drawing Procedure in Personality Assessment

The Computer Control of Arc Furnace and Its Mathematical Model

The control of refining period of arc furnace steelmaking especially its mathematical model is explained.As an example of the mathematical model of chemical reaction, the modellings of oxygen blowing of stainless steel, one is based on the diffusion rate limitting and the other is based on the equilibrium relation are explained. And end point carbon control at Jones & Laughline Steel Corp. is explained.A bath temperature model of continuous-fed prereduced iron pellet is explained as an example of thermal model and an example of procedure of dynamic model drawing up.The total steelmaking control system executed at Reisholz's is explained.

Effect of stimulus-change method on tactile-image recognition.

A device that communicates pictorial information through tactual stimulation of the skin was used in a study with 16 adults. The device converts an optical TV image into a vibratory display on S's back. The study compared the effects on pattern recognition of two methods of producing stimulus change in the tactual input. Geometric forms and block letters were presented by horizontally panning the TV camera across static figures or by drawing the figures with a moving dot in the camera's field. The drawing procedure produced fewer recognition errors with both types of figures.

Drawing of Tubes Filled With Particulate Solids

The principal parameters involved in drawing of metal tubes containing metallic, mineral, and organic powders were investigated on small copper, mild steel, and 304 stainless tubing. The type of filler controlled the change of the ratio of diameter to wall thickness which decreased at first but became constant after a certain reduction. The above decrease could be held to a minimum by employing a center rod of ductile metal separated from the tube by a powder barrier. The particulate core or barrier need not form an integral part of the product but can be used as a “deformable mandrel” being eventually removed from the reduced tube by reeling, melting, dissolving, or washing the powder out. Such a drawing procedure should prove useful in bulk reducing hard to draw (e.g., refractory) tubing. If warm drawing is called for, the operation is facilitated by the substantial heat capacity of the quasi-solid cross section. The danger of local interwelding (galling) between tube and inside tool is eliminated because of the absence of relative slippage between tube and inside tool.