Perceptions Of Procedural Justice Research Articles

Great Expectations: The Importance of Procedural Justice and Parenting for Perceptions of Success Among Youth on Probation

Juvenile probation can be a critical inflection point. As such, researchers, policymakers, and practitioners are interested in enhancing youths’ success on probation, especially pertaining to reducing recidivism and promoting their success in education and employment. Informed by the risk–need–responsivity framework, the present study examined how theoretically derived familial/peer (e.g., social bonds, parental monitoring), societal/community (e.g., labeling theory), and individual-level (e.g., impulsivity, procedural justice) factors were associated with youths’ expectations for success on probation as well as more general life course outcomes. Within samples of youth starting probation ( N = 301) and 6 months into probation ( N = 253), we combined cross-sectional data from the jurisdiction’s risk/needs tool with a self-reported survey from youth. Youths’ perceptions of parental monitoring and procedural justice were consistently associated with their self-expectations for completing probation. However, for more general life course success, only perceptions of parental monitoring promoted self-expectations. Implications for theory, policy, and practice are discussed.

Updating, subtyping, and perceptions of the police: Implications of police contact for youths’ perceptions of procedural justice

AbstractIndividuals enter police encounters with expectations about how these interactions will unfold. These expectations are often rooted in racialized personal, vicarious, and collective experiences with the police. Bayesian updating posits that the way youth perceive treatment by the police during stops and arrests combines with prior expectations and perceptions to shape current views of the law, whereas subtyping suggests this process differs by race. This study examines intra‐ and interracial variability in these processes using longitudinal survey data from 3,085 Black and White youth. Regardless of race, youth who indicate they were treated with disrespect during police encounters had lower perceptions of procedural justice than did those with no contact, whereas contact perceived as respectful had no significant effects. For White but not Black youth, police encounters rated as “neutral” are associated with more negative views of the police. Other forms of legal socialization are also racialized, including messages conveyed in the media and by parents. Limited evidence exists that prior views of the police moderate the effect of police encounters on procedural justice or that these conditioning effects vary by race. Findings support updating, but race differences do not neatly align with findings expected with updating or subtyping theory.

Procedural Justice, Perceived Legitimacy, and Reoffending Behavior: In Police and Court Setting

Despite the increasing body of procedural justice research studying individuals involved in the criminal justice system, this strand of literature has used different approaches to measure procedural justice and legitimacy. The present study assesses the different theoretical assumptions of these approaches across two criminal justice settings, namely, policing and courts. In addition, we examine how procedural justice stemming from interactions with police officers and judges is related to legitimacy and reoffending behavior postrelease. Using data on adult detainees who entered Dutch pretrial detention centers, our findings support the theoretical assumptions regarding procedural justice and felt obligation to obey the law in both criminal justice settings. Furthermore, path analyses show that perceptions of procedural justice arising from encounters with police officers and judges are related to a higher sense of obligation to obey the law, which in turn is associated with a lower risk of reoffending.

Role of Justice Perception in Relationship Duration, Brand Equity, and Strategic Integration

ABSTRACT Purpose This study investigates the justice perception of buying group member retailers and examines whether it is an initiator of relationships and a constant driver of attitude through the lens of brand equity and relationship duration. Building upon the findings, this study offers practical implications for the managers of the buying group headquarters. Design/methodology/approach A questionnaire survey of 241 key informants of retailers participating in eight different retail buying groups in Japan was conducted. We conducted confirmatory factor analysis to verify measurements, and structural equation modeling to test the hypotheses. Findings Distributive justice perception directly affected relationship duration and procedural justice perception had an indirect effect on relationship duration via brand equity. We also found the significant moderating effect of strategic integration. For the group with high strategic integration, distributive justice perception had a greater effect on brand equity, whereas, in the group with low strategic integration, brand equity was more affected by procedural justice perception. Furthermore, the roles of distributive justice perception and procedural justice perception were found to be complementary. Research Implications The study expands the perception of justice in an inter-organizational environment to a loosely connected channel structure while examining two endogenous variables of relationship performance (i.e. brand equity and relationship duration). This study also finds the moderating effect that justice perception has on relationship performance. By implementing strategic integration intention as a moderator, this study considers the strategic stance of member retailers in the research setting as well. Practical Implications The findings highlight that headquarter managers must understand the role of each sub-dimension of justice perception and balance their application. As the resources for building justice perception can be limited, it is important for managers to allocate resources based on prioritization. Originality This research is a pioneering study on the implementation of justice perception in the relationship between member retailers and buying groups. Additionally, it proposes and proves the conditions required for justice perception to induce a positive attitude on the part of member retailers.

Exploring the influence of job demands and resources on organisational justice views in a sample of correctional staff

AbstractThis study examined the influence of job demands (role ambiguity, role conflict, role overload and dangerousness) and job resources (job variety, supervisor structure and training views) on employee perceptions of procedural justice, general perceptions of distributive justice, and specific perceptions of distributive justice. Using a sample of 160 employees at a high‐security prison, the regression analyses found that only demands of role conflict was inversely correlated with procedural justice and both distributive justice measures. Role ambiguity was inversely related to procedural but was not related to either dimension of distributive justice. Furthermore, dangerousness was inversely associated with distributive justice (both general and specific), but it was not correlated with procedural justice. Among the job resources, job variety was positively associated with procedural and both distributive justice measures. Supervisor structure was predictive of procedural but not distributive justice. Role overload, and training views had non‐significant relationships with all the justice measures.

Impairment and Disability Identity and Perceptions of Trust, Respect, and Fairness

Most studies use impaired functioning alone to specify populations with disabilities. However, some people with functional impairments do not identify as disabled. With functional status-based definitions, studies have shown disparate care quality for people with disabilities. To examine whether impairment and disability identity have different associations with perceived health care experiences and explore factors associated with disability identification. This cross-sectional study used a nationally representative survey of US adults conducted from April 20 through May 31, 2021, and analyzed between June 1 and August 31, 2022. Survey participants were 1822 English- or Spanish-speaking adults responding either online or via telephone. Using 8 survey questions, participants were grouped according to presence of impairment and disability identity. Likert scale measures of trust, respect, and fairness (henceforth, procedural justice measures) were dichotomized. Sociodemographic characteristics and rates of procedural justice responses were compared across groups. Multivariable logistic regressions adjusting for baseline characteristics were performed to (1) estimate associations of impairment and disability identity with perceptions of procedural justice and (2) explore factors associated with disability identification. Analyses applied survey weights. Of 6126 individuals invited to participate, 1854 (30.3%) completed the survey. Thirty-two were excluded due to unreportable gender, for a final analytic sample of 1822 participants. Participants with impairments (n = 816; mean [SD] age, 48.1 [17.0] years; 51.2% women, 48.8% men) had worse perceptions on 7 of 10 procedural justice measures (crude) compared with those without impairments (n = 1006; mean [SD] age, 49.6 [18.1] years, 55.1% female, 44.9% male). Among respondents with impairments, those who did (n = 340) vs did not (n = 476) identify as disabled gave better ratings for clinician communication efforts (a lot of effort, 38.8% vs 31.0%) and having health goals understood (understood very or fairly well, 77.2% vs 70.1%) but gave worse ratings for respect (almost never felt inferior or talked down to, 66.1% vs 59.1%). Disability identification was associated with more reports of unfair treatment (31.0% vs 22.4%; adjusted odds ratio, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.12-2.42) and of being unafraid to ask questions or disagree (50.5% vs 40.1%; adjusted odds ratio, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.04-20.19). Income and employment were associated with disability identification. In this cross-sectional survey study of US adults, health care perceptions differed between groups defined by impairment status and disability identity. These findings suggest that, alongside functional measures, health systems should capture disability identity to better address disparities for people with impairments.

Examining the Effects of Perceptions of Police Effectiveness, Procedural Justice, and Legitimacy on Racial Differences in Anticipated Cooperation With Law Enforcement in Pennsylvania

Perceptions of law enforcement ineffectiveness, injustice, and illegitimacy are prevalent among individuals living in Black communities in the United States. Prior research links these attitudes with differential orientations toward cooperation with police. The current study used data collected from a representative sample of 522 Pennsylvania residents to measure public perceptions of police. Analyses examined racial differences in perceptions of police and determined whether normative (i.e., perceptions of procedural justice) and/or instrumental (i.e., perceptions of police effectiveness) assessments of police could explain racial differences in anticipated cooperation with law enforcement through perceptions of legitimacy. Findings revealed the presence of a significant indirect relationship between race and perceptions of legitimacy through perceptions of police effectiveness and procedural justice, as well as a significant indirect relationship between race and cooperation through police effectiveness, procedural justice, and legitimacy. Theoretical and practical implications stemming from these findings are discussed within.

Support for vigilantism in cyberspace: exploring procedural justice, distributive justice, and legal legitimacy

ABSTRACT Vigilantism, harmful acts conducted in response to social deviance and criminal activities, are increasingly happening in cyberspace. These cyber acts often have detrimental effects, and efforts at prosecution attempts can be unsuccessful, difficult, or nearly impossible. An understanding of support for cyber vigilantism can help deter activity and mitigate some of the associated harms. The paper, using US-based survey data, tests whether public perceptions of distributive and procedural justice, via perceived legitimacy of the criminal justice system, are associated with support for cyber vigilantism. The findings provide support for the process-based model of legitimacy. Procedural justice is mediated by legitimacy in its influence on support. Distributive justice, however, has a strong direct association with cyber vigilantism support. The paper discusses the implications of the findings for the field of cyber vigilantism.

The roles of outcome and race on applicant reactions to AI systems

Practitioners have embraced the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems for employee recruitment and selection. However, studies examining applicant reactions to AI have been exclusively vignette-based with no perceived outcome associated with the decision and also have not considered demographic differences in AI evaluator perceptions. We employed an experimental design wherein type of evaluator (AI vs human) and the selection decision (acceptance vs rejection) were manipulated and participants were led to believe they would receive different outcomes based on the selection decision. The results showed more negative interactional justice perceptions for AI evaluators. Further, interaction analyses revealed that being rejected by AI had a negative impact on certain procedural and general justice perceptions. We compared Black and White applicants on these perceptions, finding that the negative impact of being rejected by AI was particularly strong for Black applicants in terms of their general justice perceptions. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

The Relationship Between Media Engagement and Procedural Justice

ABSTRACT Recent research has examined the relationship between individuals’ news media consumption and attitudes toward police, including how media preferences influence individuals’ perceptions of procedural justice. Building on this work, the current study examines the impact of mass communication engagement on attitudes toward procedural justice among college students in the United States. Using a sample of students from five universities, our results provide evidence that mass communication engagement plays an important role in explaining attitudes toward procedural justice. In contrast to findings reported in prior research on media engagement and procedural justice, we found that Internet news and social media engagement is negatively associated with procedural justice.

Legitimacy and online proceedings: Procedural justice, access to justice, and the role of income

AbstractCourts have long struggled to bridge the access-to-justice gap associated with in-person hearings, which makes the recent adoption of online legal proceedings potentially beneficial. Online proceedings hold promise for better access: they occur remotely, can proceed asynchronously, and often rely solely on written communication. Yet these very qualities may also undermine some of the well-established elements of procedural-justice perceptions, a primary predictor of how people view the legal system's legitimacy. This paper examines the implications of shifting legal proceedings online for both procedural-justice and access-to-justice perceptions. It also investigates the relationship of both types of perceptions with system legitimacy, as well as the relative weight these predictors carry across litigant income levels. Drawing on online traffic court cases, we find that perceptions of procedural justice and access to justice are each separately associated with a litigant's appraisal of system legitimacy, but among lower-income parties, access to justice is a stronger predictor, while procedural justice dominates among higher-income parties. These findings highlight the need to incorporate access-to-justice perceptions into existing models of legal legitimacy.

Social identity and support for defunding the police in the aftermath of George Floyd’s murder

In the spring and summer of 2020, police in the United States killed Breonna Taylor, George Floyd, and other unarmed people of color. In one of the largest social movements in the nation’s history, thousands engaged in public protests and called to defund or abolish the police. Debate about police racism and the need for reform intensified, with public opinion polls showing how polarized public attitudes were along traditional political lines. Analyzing data from a cross-sectional quota sample survey of 1,500 U.S. residents conducted in summer 2020, our findings confirmed the proposition that opposition and support for defunding the police was related to not only political views and superordinate identification with the group that the police prototypically represent, but also polarized intergroup identification with the police and the Black Lives Matter movement, as well as people’s perceptions of police procedural justice and systemic racism.

Emotions as social information in unambiguous situations: role of emotions on procedural justice perception.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12144-023-04640-y.

Satisfaction

This article aims to determine the extent to which job satisfaction and justice at work influence the turnover intention of public transport workers. The power of job satisfaction and justice to predict the turnover intention was studied in employees of a public transportation company in Corumbá, Brazil, and measured using the following validated instruments: Scale of Job Satisfaction, Scale of Perception of Distributive Justice, Scale of Perception of Procedural Justice and Turnover Intention Scale. The article reports a quantitative descriptive study that uses the survey technique. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and measures of central tendency. Participants were found to be more satisfied with their colleagues, their boss and the nature of the work, and less satisfied with salaries and promotions. In terms of turnover intention, the survey showed an average result. The data on justice at work showed that distributive justice was perceived more positively than procedural justice. Correlation analysis revealed that job satisfaction and justice were significantly correlated with turnover intention. These results indicate that employees’ intention to leave the company where they work decreases as job satisfaction and the perception of justice at work increase.

Police and procedural justice: perceptions of young people with mental illness

ABSTRACT Young people with mental illness are significantly more likely to encounter the police than their counterparts who do not identify as having a mental illness. Yet little is known regarding how this cohort perceives the police and whether they believe the police to be a fair, trustworthy, and legitimate service. Research suggests that young people and other vulnerable groups (such as adults with mental illness) value procedural justice policing as a technique for nurturing fair and trustworthy policing, which in turn, increases satisfaction with police interactions and willingness to cooperate with police. This study uses procedural justice as a lens for analysing the perceptions of young people with mental illnesses regarding the police. Drawing upon survey data from a sample of 3147 Australian participants aged between 14 and 25 years old – a third of which identified as having a mental health condition – results demonstrate that young people with a mental illness offered significantly lower perceptions of the police in relation to procedural justice. Young people identifying as not heterosexual or as trans* or gender diverse, and those who report that they are not seen as Australian, also offered significantly lower perceptions of police procedural justice. A theoretical explanation is offered for why these marginalised young groups perceive the police to be procedurally unjust. Tactics for how the police may nurture more trusting and supporting relationships with young people in general are also discussed.

Exploring the linkage between changes in detainees’ perceptions of procedural justice and changes in misconduct

ABSTRACT A growing body of research has studied the role of procedural justice for securing compliant behavior in the correctional context. The purpose of this paper is to advance current knowledge by examining (a) whether detainees change their perceptions of prison staff procedural justice over time, and (b) the extent to which individual changes in procedural justice relate to changes in misconduct. We used longitudinal data on 712 adults who entered Dutch pre-trial detention centers. Reliable change index scores were used to identify changes in procedural justice experienced in contacts with prison staff. Logistic regression models were employed to estimate the effects of changes in procedural justice on changes in misconduct. The results show that detainees’ perceptions of fairness are malleable, and that most detainees (52.2%) experience a decrease in procedural justice during imprisonment. Detainees reporting an increase in procedural justice are less likely to show increases in misconduct. Furthermore, those with high procedural justice perceptions at both times are more likely to abstain from misconduct at both times. More research is needed to improve our knowledge on individual changes in procedural justice and changes in actual behavior.

Public trust in the police: Investigating the influence of police performance, procedural fairness, and police-community relations in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

In Western countries, there is conclusive research on public trust in the police and the factors that affect it; however, the situation in developing countries like Ethiopia is largely unknown and unexplored. The current study utilized cross-sectional data from representative 616 households from Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The study results found lower trust in the local police, less effective in reducing crime, and residents’ unfavorable perceptions of police procedural fairness, accompanied by poor relationships with the community. Moreover, perceptions of police effectiveness, procedural justice, and police-community relations were significant predictors of citizens’ trust in the police. The results of the study provide evidence for the applicability of the underlying assumptions of the performance model, procedural justice and community policing in the context of Ethiopia. As a result, to enhance trust in the police and improve relations with citizens, police should effectively control crime and communicate it, exert authority procedurally, exercise fair and respectful policing, and undertake activities that positively strengthen their relationship with the community. This study has theoretical and practical implications and provides insights for enhancing public trust in the police.

The influence of perceived organizational exploitation on frontline hospitality employees’ workplace deviance: an organizational justice perspective

PurposeDrawing on organizational justice theory, this study aims to investigate how perceived organizational exploitation induces frontline hospitality employees’ organizational and interpersonal deviance. Specifically, this study explored the mediating effect of distributive and procedural justice, as well as the moderating effect of justice sensitivity.Design/methodology/approachThe focal research analyzed multiphase survey data from 267 frontline service employees with structural equation modeling.FindingsThe results revealed that perceived organizational exploitation induced frontline hospitality employees’ organizational and interpersonal deviance through their perceptions of distributive and procedural justice. Moreover, employees’ justice sensitivity amplified perceived organizational exploitation’s harmful impact on justice perceptions and its conditional influence on organizational and interpersonal deviance.Practical implicationsOrganizations should take actions to reduce the occurrence of exploitation to prevent employees’ workplace deviance behaviors. Moreover, organizations can foster employees’ justice perceptions and take care of employees with strong justice sensitivity to reduce the destructive behaviors triggered by organizational exploitation.Originality/valueBy investigating frontline employees’ workplace deviant behaviors, this research identifies new outcomes of exploitation by hospitality organizations. Moreover, the research contributes by offering a justice-based perspective to understand the effects of perceived organizational exploitation. Furthermore, this research helps identify a new boundary condition of being exploited by organizations.

Perception of Procedural Justice Amongst Previously Incarcerated Youth: Procedural Justice in Incarcerated Youth.

Violence among incarcerated youths is a serious public health issue and an area of marked health disparities. Procedural Justice is an ethical framework to guide policy approaches in the criminal justice system. The purpose of our study was to evaluate youth perception of neutrality, respect, trust, and voice while incarcerated. Young people ages 14 to 21 previously incarcerated in a juvenile detention facility were interviewed regarding their perceptions of procedural justice. Participants were recruited from community-based organizations. Interviews were semi-structured, lasting for 1 hr. Interviews were coded for themes related to procedural justice. Twenty-eight participants were interviewed regarding their experience with procedural justice while incarcerated. Key themes included: Neutrality: Participants felt that they were treated impartially regarding everyone receiving the same punishment for offenses; however, levels of punishments for offenses were inconsistent. Respect: Participants often felt disrespected by staff. Trust: The participants did not feel safe to trust. Voice: Participants felt they had no voice while incarcerated. Previously incarcerated youth perceptions indicated a need for more training in the juvenile detention system to enable staff members to have a better understanding of procedural justice and to appropriately utilize it.

군에서의 임파워먼트와 촉진적 발언 행동

In the era of change and innovation, which have become the core values in the 21st-century management, interest in the issue of empowerment has surged. Existing work has supported the effectiveness of empowerment across different countries, industries, and organizations, and its positive effect has been manifested even in government organizations and public enterprises, where bureaucracy and public interests are pursued. While discussion on empowerment in the military remains scarce, the concept of Mission Command, which has been introduced and reinforced since the end of the 20th century, implies that empowerment carries its weight in the military as well. The aim of this study is to investigate whether empowering behaviors of a commander promote subordinates’ voice behaviors, and the mechanism through which this effect unfolds. Data was collected in November, 2022 from the surveys of commanders and their 169 subordinates across 78 teams of the Marine Corps. Multi-level analysis using Mplus 8.1 revealed that a commander’s empowering behaviors increased the extent to which subordinates engaged in voice behavior, and that their procedural justice perception and intrinsic motivation mediated this effect. In addition, procedural justice showed a partial mediation effect while intrinsic motivation triggered a complete mediation effect. These results make theoretical contributions by expanding the horizons of scholarly efforts on empowerment and voice behavior, and also examining the empowerment issue in the military context. Practical implications regarding the effectiveness of Mission Command, which is yet to be fully settled as a management practice in the military context, are also provided.