Procedural Justice Research Articles

Implications of Organizational Justice on Work Motivation in BJA Medan

This study aims to determine the implications of organisational justice on increasing work motivation in BJA Medan employees with the research subject of BJA Medan employees. The approach used in this research is qualitative and quantitative. The technique used to reveal the research variables with semi-structured interviews with employees from various backgrounds and the provision of work motivation measurement tools to determine the level of employee work motivation. The results of the analysis show that there is a consensus among employees that distributive justice is a key factor affecting work motivation. Employees feel motivated when distributive justice, procedural justice, interactional justice are met in balance. In conclusion, this study illustrates the influence of organisational justice on work motivation. Distributive justice, procedural justice, and interactional justice were identified as factors that influence employees' work motivation. The findings provide valuable insights for organisations in designing policies and practices that promote organisational justice, thereby enhancing employee work motivation and overall performance.

Beyond force and injuries: Examining alternative (and important) outcomes for police De-escalation training

PurposeThe evidence on de-escalation training is limited and has focused almost exclusively on use of force as the primary outcome. We evaluate a de-escalation training program in Tempe, Arizona, delivered via a squad-based randomized controlled trial, using methods that tap into alternative outcomes in encounters that did not involve use of force. MethodsWe conducted phone surveys with 282 randomly selected Tempe community members who had a recent encounter with Treatment and Control officers post-training. We also examined body-worn camera footage of 476 randomly selected encounters that occurred pre- (n = 230) and post-training (n = 246) with Treatment and Control officers. ResultsCommunity members reported that trained officers were significantly more likely to use procedural justice and de-escalation; and were more likely to leave them satisfied with their treatment and how their encounter was resolved. Results from BWC footage were less persuasive, though trained officers were more likely to use some de-escalation tactics. ConclusionsUse of force as a singular metric of a training effect is too narrow. A comprehensive assessment of de-escalation training should consider multiple outcomes, including the potential effects in non-force encounters. Random review of BWC footage and community member surveys are two viable methods for achieving this objective.

Identifying the dimensions of gender justice in the Iranian Ministry of Sport and Youth

In modern times, sports have attracted the attention of different societies. Social, economic and political functions are one of the reasons. In Iran, the role of the Ministry of Sports and Youth is very important in managing sports in the country. Justice has been supposedly one of the pillars of ethical management in organizations, along with performance improvement. One example of justice in organizations is gender justice. The aim of this study was to provide valuable information to sports activists in the country by identifying the dimensions of gender justice in the Ministry of Sports and Youth and identify ways to expand gender justice according to employees' perceptions. The current research is practical in terms of purpose and qualitative in terms of method, employing a thematic analysis strategy. The sample consisted of 7 management experts and sociologists who had studied, researched, or gained experience in the field of the present study (gender justice in organizations). The researchers used a semi-structured interview, which is suitable for qualitative research in terms of flexibility and depth. The "Inter Coder Reliability (ICR)" method was used to measure the reliability of the interviews conducted. The data were coded using MAXQDA2018 software. The results showed that perceptions of gender justice include 3 main themes (distributive justice, procedural justice and interactional justice) and 19 sub-themes. The expansion of gender justice in the Ministry of Sports and Youth, as the country's sports policy organization, can seemingly be effective in improving performance. It also has positive social and cultural effects on all sports areas of the country.

WITHDRAWN: Sustaining Employees’ Creativity through the Organizational Justice: The Mediating Role of Leadership Styles

Research on organizational justice and leadership styles has been conducted widely in workplace since a few decades. But, integration of creativity, innovation and sustainability in learning workplace is emerging quickly due to the rapid change and digitalization of learning environments. This research aims to investigate the employee creativity (EC) at Dhofar University through organizational justice (OJ) and mediating role of leadership styles (LS). OJ was tested through its four dimensions namely: distributive, procedural, interpersonal and informational justice and LS included transformational, democratic, transactional, lassies faire and strategic styles. Data was collected from 220 of academics and employee at Dhofar University and analyzed by SPSS and Amos 23 version. Results reveal that three dimensions of OJ including distributive, interpersonal and informational have positive significant impact on EC but procedural has negative significant impact on EC. Furthermore, four styles of leadership transformational, democratic, transactional and strategic has also positive and significant effect on EC while lassies faire has negative and insignificant impact on EC. Finally, the mediating role of LS enhances relationship between OJ and EC partially and positively. This research contributes to the literature and practice by using LS as mediators to improve creativity and maintain continuous sustainability.

Great Expectations: The Importance of Procedural Justice and Parenting for Perceptions of Success Among Youth on Probation

Juvenile probation can be a critical inflection point. As such, researchers, policymakers, and practitioners are interested in enhancing youths’ success on probation, especially pertaining to reducing recidivism and promoting their success in education and employment. Informed by the risk–need–responsivity framework, the present study examined how theoretically derived familial/peer (e.g., social bonds, parental monitoring), societal/community (e.g., labeling theory), and individual-level (e.g., impulsivity, procedural justice) factors were associated with youths’ expectations for success on probation as well as more general life course outcomes. Within samples of youth starting probation ( N = 301) and 6 months into probation ( N = 253), we combined cross-sectional data from the jurisdiction’s risk/needs tool with a self-reported survey from youth. Youths’ perceptions of parental monitoring and procedural justice were consistently associated with their self-expectations for completing probation. However, for more general life course success, only perceptions of parental monitoring promoted self-expectations. Implications for theory, policy, and practice are discussed.

Planungskonflikte und Gerechtigkeit: Konzeptionelle Überlegungen am Beispiel des Ausbaus der Windenergie im Nordosten Deutschlands

The energy transition and the expansion of renewable energies are central challenges to planning. In view of tightened climate protection targets and the associated rise in installation capacity, planning conflicts are likely to intensify further in the coming years. At the same time, democratic institutions are under increasing pressure. The expansion of wind energy must proceed swiftly while democratic participation must be ensured. Based on planning conflicts over wind turbines in Mecklenburg-West Pomerania and Brandenburg, this paper addresses the extent to which research on planning conflicts can benefit from a justice perspective, both in theoretical-conceptual and empirical terms. Drawing on concepts from research on spatial justice, energy justice, and planning justice, the paper uses a three-dimensional conception of justice to identify access points for dealing constructively with conflicts. First, conflicts have to be recognized as such and their productive potential has to be acknowledged. Second, strategies have to be established that allow conflicts to be dealt with constructively. In doing so, several dimensions of justice must be taken into account: distributive justice and the question of what is to be distributed according to which criteria, recognition justice and the reflexion on difference and needs beyond hegemonic majority opinion, and finally procedural justice, which is intended to ensure that recognition and fair distribution can be implemented. In this way, a proactive attitude towards planning conflicts can make a central contribution to sustainable and democratic planning.

The relationship between political procedural justice and attitudes toward the political system: A meta‐analysis

AbstractA positive relationship between assessments of procedural justice and attitudes toward the political system has been identified in many studies of various countries. To quantify this relationship, a meta‐analysis was conducted on 69 samples from 50,814 respondents, reported in 37 manuscripts between 1981 and 2021. We found positive correlations between assessments of procedural justice and attitudes toward politicians, political institutions, and the political system in people of different ages and in countries with different political regimes. These positive correlations exist in real and hypothetical situations with various levels of authority. However, two factors moderated the association between the assessment of procedural justice and political attitudes. First, procedural justice as a set of norms is more strongly related to attitudes toward the system than procedural justice as a generalized assessment is. Second, the assessment of procedural justice is more strongly associated with attitudes toward political institutions and the system than attitudes toward the procedures and decisions. Moreover, the percentage of heterogeneity in the obtained models is fairly high; categorical moderators explain 43% of the variance of the effects obtained. The results should therefore be interpreted with consideration of this substantial heterogeneity in the correlations' sizes.

Revisiting the energy justice framework: Doing justice to normative uncertainties

Energy justice is often approached through the four tenets of procedural, distributive, restorative and recognition justice. Though these tenets are important placeholders for addressing what type of justice issues are involved, they require further normative substantiations. These are achieved by using principles of justice to specify why – normatively speaking – something is just or unjust within each category or tenet of justice. In addressing the principles of justice, it is important to acknowledge normative uncertainties, or the fact that different (incompatible) conceptions of justice might be morally defensible, leading to different normative conclusions or policy recommendations. This paper reviews the definitions of tenets in energy justice scholarship, the occurrence of normative claims, and how these claims are justified. The review shows that the scholarship ignores to a large extent normative uncertainties. In response, we propose a revisited energy justice framework, focusing on four aspects that help us to articulate the normative uncertainties in both the principles and the tenets of energy justice. These aspects are (i) the scale of justice (i.e. whether justice is considered at a local, national, regional, multinational or global scale), (ii) the subject of justice, (iii) the body of knowledge that is assumed and (iv) the time frame in which justice issues are being considered. We hope to provide a conceptual framework that make explicit the different types of normative assumptions underlying claims of justice, which will ultimately improve the quality and legitimacy of normative conclusions such as policy recommendations that follow.

Procedural Justice and the Design of Administrative Dispute Resolution Procedures

AbstractAre certain characteristics of dispute resolution procedures associated with higher levels of procedural justice? We address this question through a quantitative analysis of real-world experiences of 194 professional legal representatives with the objection procedures of 81 Dutch administrative authorities. In our analysis, two general procedural characteristics are taken into account: the involvement of an independent third party and the extent to which the procedure is focused on the conciliation of competing interests. The involvement of an independent third party was not associated with higher levels of procedural justice. Procedures that were perceived to be more focused on the conciliation of competing interests were evaluated as more procedurally just, even more so in disputes where the administrative authority was perceived to have a higher degree of discretion and in disputes that ended in a negative result for the litigant.

Rebel group legitimacy, ideology and durable peace

PurposeThis study aims to explore the role of rebel group legitimacy and ideology in durable peace (DP) following peace agreements to end civil wars. It builds on earlier research showing that justice and civil society involvement are critical in achieving DP. This study adds the impacts of rebel group activities and support on DP. Activities include service delivery and mobilization. Support is gauged with outcomes of presidential and parliamentary elections held following peace agreements.Design/methodology/approachFive data sets were used to measure the key variables: DP, inclusive commissions (IC), legitimacy symmetry (electoral outcomes), service delivery and ideological mobilization. A measure of rebel group integration in the political system was also constructed. Impacts of the integration, legitimacy and ideology variables were assessed with a hierarchical regression model (HRM). This study begins with a base model drawn from earlier research showing the key predictors were procedural justice (PJ) and IC. The authors ask about the extent to which the rebel group variables contribute additional variance to the prediction of DP.FindingsThe main contributors to the prediction of DP were PJ, IC and integration in the political system. None of the legitimacy or mobilization variables added significant variance to the prediction. Only one of the mobilization variables, forced recruitment, was significant. The decision to integrate into the political system following the agreement did not mediate the relationship between PJ in the negotiation process and DP. Results of a factor analysis showed that DP, PJ, IC and integration formed a cluster with strong loadings on the first factor.Research limitations/implicationsThe negative results for the legitimacy and mobilization variables may not be the last word on rebel group influences. Lack of support for the key hypotheses spurs attempts to discover other sources that contribute to the survival of rebel group actors in the political system and, in turn, to DP.Practical implicationsThe issues raised by this study contribute to debates about ways to attain peaceful relations among competing groups following a civil war. It appears that attention to factors inside and around the negotiation process (PJ, ICs and conversion) may be more important than rebel group activities outside of these processes. The results call attention, in particular, to the important role played by political integration. From a policy perspective, it would be useful to develop levers for encouraging rebel groups to emerge as political actors in the post-agreement environment.Originality/valueDeveloping measures of the symmetry of rebel group legitimacy and integration in the context of a comparative case study are the primary original contributions of this study. Furthermore, the mode of analysis (HRM) is novel in this literature. This approach builds on and extends the earlier research on factors influencing DP.

Confluent trust, accountability, procedural justice, British credit unions and regulatory reform after the global financial crisis

PurposeThe relationship between trust, accountability and procedural justice is studied via research into British credit unions (CUs) following regulatory reform to remedy problems exposed by the 2007–2008 global financial crisis.Design/methodology/approachInterviews at 13 case studies of different types and sizes of credit unions in Glasgow, Scotland, are examined using template analysis and abductive theorizing to understand the effects of disproportionate reforms on small credit unions.FindingsSmaller credit unions found three regulatory changes – namely dual regulators, increased minimum reserves and introduction of the Senior Managers and Certification Regime – excessive. Excessive change generated distrust in regulators. Regulators' insufficient attention to procedural justice contributed to this distrust.Originality/valueLinkage of multidimensional confluent trust to a multilevel system of accountability provides an original way of understanding how indiscriminate attempts at trust repair damage some elements of trust in formal regulatory systems. Recognition of the need for procedural justice to enable smaller credit unions to articulate their extant checks and potential exemption from formal regulations provides another valuable contribution. The explanation of the abductive logic employed is also original.

COVID-19-related changes at work and psychosocial work environment: a prospective cohort study

Abstract Background Stressful events and uncertain times are known to pose occupational risks. COVID-19 pandemic brought many changes to work, work arrangements, and work environment. Prospective studies are needed to assess the potential effects of these changes on psychosocial work environment. Methods We followed a large cohort of Finnish public sector employees using biennial survey data from 2016 to 2022 (n = 22,688). Those who reported a change (over to remote work, other tasks, or team reorganization) in work due to the pandemic in 2020 were compared to those who did not report such a change. Sex-, age, and socioeconomic status -adjusted means for psychosocial factors were calculated in four timepoints separately for the groups of employees with and without changes. Multilevel modelling was applied to examine the change in psychosocial factors accounting for autocorrelation between observations. To examine the potential difference in trends between the groups, time x group interaction was tested. Results Transfer to working from home in 2020 (n = 10,587, 47%) was associated with increased work time control (b = 0.07; 95% CI 0.05, 0.08) and social capital (b = 0.03, 95% CI 0.01, 0.05) over time. A transfer to other work tasks in 2020 (n = 1660, 7%) was associated with suboptimal trend in work time control (b= -0.06; 95% CI -0.09, -0.03), and procedural justice (b= -0.05; 95% CI -0.10, 0.00), particularly in 2020 compared to those not exposed to such transfer. Team reorganization in 2020 ((n = 1067, 5%) was associated with suboptimal trend in work time control compared to those not exposed to team reorganization (b= -0.06; 95% CI -0.10, -0.02). Conclusions COVID-19 pandemic induced changes at work were associated with mixed changes in the perceived psychosocial work environment. Key messages • COVID-19 -induced changes at work may have had unequal impacts on different groups of employees in the public sector. • Promoting the resilience of the most vulnerable employee groups needs attention in the future.

Updating, subtyping, and perceptions of the police: Implications of police contact for youths’ perceptions of procedural justice

AbstractIndividuals enter police encounters with expectations about how these interactions will unfold. These expectations are often rooted in racialized personal, vicarious, and collective experiences with the police. Bayesian updating posits that the way youth perceive treatment by the police during stops and arrests combines with prior expectations and perceptions to shape current views of the law, whereas subtyping suggests this process differs by race. This study examines intra‐ and interracial variability in these processes using longitudinal survey data from 3,085 Black and White youth. Regardless of race, youth who indicate they were treated with disrespect during police encounters had lower perceptions of procedural justice than did those with no contact, whereas contact perceived as respectful had no significant effects. For White but not Black youth, police encounters rated as “neutral” are associated with more negative views of the police. Other forms of legal socialization are also racialized, including messages conveyed in the media and by parents. Limited evidence exists that prior views of the police moderate the effect of police encounters on procedural justice or that these conditioning effects vary by race. Findings support updating, but race differences do not neatly align with findings expected with updating or subtyping theory.

Pemenuhan Keadilan Lingkungan dalam Penerapan Kebijakan Tata Ruang Wilayah Kota Palembang

This article aims to analyze the fulfillment of Ecological Justice in the implementation of spatial policy in Palembang City based on the implementation of the international regime, namely SDG's point 11. The achievement of sustainable cities is a focus to see how the fulfillment of environmental justice is formed in the process of implementing regional spatial policy carried out in Palembang city. Using Kuehn's concept of Ecological Justice, look at the implementation of regional spatial policy with four aspects, namely distributive, corrective, procedural and social. An exploratory descriptive qualitative method with data collection techniques used literature studies and interviews. The findings obtained include the implementation of distributive justice with various programs, however, the problem that is still the main obstacle is the need to pay attention to the city's green areas. In corrective justice, environmental policies already exist, but it is necessary to maximize law enforcement. In implementing procedural justice, policies are made that do not focus on targeting elements of community needs. The involvement of the community and NGOs in policy-making is still minimal. In terms of social justice, there is still a lot of community production land, open green areas, and protected land such as swamp land which is used as economic and residential areas which are exacerbated by regulations issued by the government which is a source of environmental damage. Through the findings above, it is hoped that policy formulation and implementation processes can be further maximized to achieve environmental justice in Palembang City.

Relationship between shift assignments, organizational justice, and turnover intention: A cross-sectional survey of Japanese shift-work nurses in hospitals.

Shift management and planning processes for shift-working nurses are important for their continued work. This study aimed to determine the association between shift assignments, organizational justice, and their interaction with turnover intention among shift-work nurses. This cross-sectional study used an online questionnaire administered to Japanese nurses between January and February 2020. Enquiries pertaining to their daily start and end times for each shift type, the shift assignments, organizational justice, and their turnover intention were made. To examine the association with turnover intention, logistic regression analysis was performed with shift assignments, organizational justice, and their interaction terms as independent variables. A total of 386 nurses participated in the final analysis. Of these, 161 nurses (41.7%) had turnover intention. Unequal work assignments and procedural justice were significantly associated with turnover intention. However, the interaction between these factors was not significant. The results suggest that procedural justice in the workplace and turnover intention are related, but in shift planning, even procedural justice cannot buffer unequal work from leading to turnover intention. This study provides valuable insights for nursing managers who manage the schedules of shift-working nurses.

Procedural Justice, Perceived Legitimacy, and Reoffending Behavior: In Police and Court Setting

Despite the increasing body of procedural justice research studying individuals involved in the criminal justice system, this strand of literature has used different approaches to measure procedural justice and legitimacy. The present study assesses the different theoretical assumptions of these approaches across two criminal justice settings, namely, policing and courts. In addition, we examine how procedural justice stemming from interactions with police officers and judges is related to legitimacy and reoffending behavior postrelease. Using data on adult detainees who entered Dutch pretrial detention centers, our findings support the theoretical assumptions regarding procedural justice and felt obligation to obey the law in both criminal justice settings. Furthermore, path analyses show that perceptions of procedural justice arising from encounters with police officers and judges are related to a higher sense of obligation to obey the law, which in turn is associated with a lower risk of reoffending.

Connecting Supervisor Procedural Justice to Perceived Tensions With Litigants Among Chinese Judges

Recent literature on procedural justice has consistently shown positive organizational outcomes resulting from fair and just treatment by supervisors. This study expands the current literature by assessing the beneficial effect of being treated fairly and justly by supervisors in court settings. Based on survey data from Chinese judges, this study analyzes the direct linkage between supervisor procedural justice and judges’ perceived tensions with litigants and their indirect relationship through trust in litigants and external procedural justice. The results of structural equation modeling indicate that supervisor justice is positively related to trust in litigants and external procedural justice and negatively associated with tensions with litigants. The indirect connection between supervisor justice and tensions with litigants is mainly through external procedural justice. Female and seasoned judges are more willing than their male and less-experienced counterparts to treat litigants in a procedurally just manner.

Justice, Trust, Perceived of Risk and Voluntary Tax Compliance in MSME

Background: Tax compliance has become a focused problem in various countries. Especially for developing countries with inadequate law enforcement, tax systems, and taxpayer awareness, this will indirectly impact high rates of taxpayer non-compliance. The issue of low taxpayer compliance is not a significant problem to solve, considering that the domino effect will cause more critical issues in the future. Objective: This study tries to demonstrate additional elements that affect tax compliance, such as the psychological factors of taxpayers and to find out the motives that influence taxpayers. It becomes essential to consider how a person's behavior is influenced by self-perception regarding the system, beliefs, and sanctions before the taxpayer finally voluntarily fulfills their tax obligations. Method: Through the use of a survey, this study employs a quantitative methodology. The poll was conducted via distributing Google forms with questionnaires for respondents to complete on their own. Then, using AMOS Graphic, structural equation modeling (SEM) analytic techniques were used to analyze the data. Results: This study demonstrates that trust and voluntary tax compliance are unaffected by conceptions of fairness (procedural justice, distributive justice, and retributive justice). Meanwhile, perceptions of risk and trust affect voluntary tax compliance. Conclusion: This shows that MSME taxpayers carry out voluntary tax compliance because they believe that the tax authority can detect non-compliance. In addition, MSME taxpayers increase voluntary tax compliance to avoid penalties due to tax risks arising from the internal and external risks they have. Keywords: voluntary tax compliance; perceptions of justice; trust; perception of risk; MSME

Procedural justice and forensic mental health: An introduction and future directions.

This article advocates for integrating procedural justice principles into forensic mental health services to enhance patient engagement and autonomy. Procedural justice, broadly defined as fair decision-making processes, is introduced and key principles including voice, neutrality, respect and trustworthiness are described. Evidence suggestive of positive outcomes following procedural justice experiences, such as improved satisfaction, collaboration and reduced perceptions of coercion is outlined. Practical applications are suggested, including staff training and reflective practices using procedural justice principles. The article then calls for further research to explore patients' and staff members' experiences of procedural justice in forensic settings, develop measurement tools, undertake intervention studies and establish causal links between procedural justice and outcomes important for forensic patients.

A Theoretical Exploration of Teacher Credibility and Immediacy as Influential Factors in Learning and Teaching

This review study aims to fill a research gap by examining the role of two critical teacher interpersonal behaviors, immediacy and credibility, based on existing evidence. By analyzing the available literature, this study will offer valuable insights for educators, policymakers, and researchers in the field of language education. The empirical and theoretical evidence presented in this review study unequivocally demonstrates the importance of teacher credibility and immediacy in shaping EFL learners' perceptions of classroom justice. These factors significantly impact learners' understanding and evaluation of distributive, interactional, and procedural justice, profoundly influencing their overall satisfaction and engagement in the educational process. Furthermore, the study highlights that teacher credibility is a strong predictor of learners' perceived cognitive, affective, and behavioral learning in the classroom, while teacher immediacy predicts students' perception of interactional justice. Lastly, the review examines the impact of both nonverbal and verbal teacher credibility on learning outcomes.