Root Of Problem Research Articles

Comprehensive assets-based approach for neighborhoods that are under-resourced in Jakarta (case study: Keagungan Sub-district in West Jakarta, Indonesia)

Neighborhoods that are under-resourced are one of the main problems that almost always accompany the growth of big cities, especially in developing countries, including Jakarta. This research aims to examine the application of the Comprehensive Assets-Based Approach (CABA) as an alternative solution to the problem of neighborhoods that are under-resourced in Jakarta. The research was conducted using a descriptive qualitative method by examining one of the structuring concepts as an alternative solution to settlement problems in Jakarta, which is directed at achieving liveable housing variables. Data on houses and settlements were obtained directly from Keagungan sub-districts, including neighborhoods that are under-resourced in Jakarta. The first step is to analyze settlement data to formulate the main problems in the neighborhoods that are under-resourced. The second step is to analyze the application of the CABA method to the problems that have been obtained before. The results of the research found that one of the primary root problems in the neighborhoods that are under-resourced in Jakarta is the interweaving of economic and social problems, which include lack of income, lack of knowledge and adherence to building regulations, as well as the lack of knowledge on the criteria for liveable housing. We, therefore, conclude that it is very likely to apply the CABA method for solving neighborhoods that are under-resourced in Jakarta based on community empowerment.

The Research on the International Police Cooperation Mechanism in Cross-border Cybercrime

With the arrogance of criminals abroad increasing, new cases including overseas fraud, drug smuggling, smuggling, and trafficking of women from various countries are emerging one after another. International police cooperation is inevitably the trend. This article mainly studies the problems in the international police cooperation mechanism, which are manifested in the inadequate establishment and coordination of police agencies. The root problem lies in the differences in legal systems, cultural concepts, and social backgrounds among countries. This paper uses the research method of case analysis to study these problems and contradictions. The main measures are to establish a new seminar mechanism, strengthen the construction of the data information sharing mechanism, and carry out regular exchanges. Therefore, countries can learn from each other, take its essence, and discard its dregs. These measures can achieve consensus on cooperation, achieve multilateral win-win, and make international police cooperation becomes more successfully.

Trade Horizons: A Comprehensive Study of Determinants Shaping Export Diversification in Pakistan

The present study aims at highlighting the determinants and degree diversification of export in Pakistan. The index of export’s diversification by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development is used to calculate the degree of export diversification. Furthermore, using time series data from 1995 to 2022, present study examines the factors that influence export diversification. There are very few studies that address estimating and determinants in the context of Pakistan. To check the unit root problem Augmented Dickey Fuller test is used. The Auto Regressive Distributive Lag method is used in this study to observe long-term relationships in the underlying variables. The regression results indicate that official exchange rates, economic globalization, and foreign direct investment negatively affect export diversification in Pakistan. While, gross fixed capital formation, world GDP per capita, term of trade, and political stability positively affect diversification of exports in the case of Pakistan.

Multispecies collaboratories: reconfiguring children’s more-than-human entanglement with colonization, urban development and climate change

ABSTRACT This paper shows how multispecies collaboratories work to complexify understandings of shared space with more-than-human others through collective inquiry and experimentation. Recognizing tensions produced through engaging childhood geographies research on stolen land, it proposes multispecies collaboratories as inextricably situated within the uneven flows of colonization, urban sprawl, and climate change. The authors present six collaboratory sticking points – the politics of green, confronted by the unexpected, bearing witness, boundary bursting, root problems, and troubling entanglement – to highlight possibilities and incommensurabilities inherent within. Sharing moments on Anishnaabe, Attawandaron, Lūnaapéewak, and Haudenosaunee territories in London, Ontario, and lək̓ʷəŋən and WSÁNEĆ territories in Victoria, British Columbia, they take a common worlding approach to reconsidering young children’s multispecies relations as always and already political, multifarious world-making forces. They argue for multispecies collaboratories as small but significant sites for unhinging children’s geographies from neoliberal, colonial logics, asking: What kinds of experimentation make it possible to activate a collective sense of relationality and reciprocity with the myriad of creatures with whom children share space? What is required of us to do so without retooling the colonial logics that contribute to the erasure of Indigenous peoples, more-than-human kinships, and connections to place?

An Analysis of English for Young Learner Teachers’ Classroom Management

This current study was a case study that aimed to analyze EYL teachers' classroom management performance at Kolaka Regency, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Likewise, this study also explored the root problem behind its' limitation. As part of the methodology, five teachers were involved in the observation. All the instrument components were validated throughout the SPSS Program analysis. After the instrument was validated, the classroom interaction process was observed and recorded three times. In addition, the interview session was also gained to ensure the observation result. All the data were analyzed descriptively. The data analysis showed that the EYL teachers in Kolaka Regency had attempted effective planning, teaching technique, and student/teacher relationship simultaneously but not comprehensively. The study also found that the EYL teachers at Kolaka Regency knew the meaning of pedagogic competence as the upstream of classroom management and the effort to implement it. However, they may not be optimal due to their teaching qualities ability. Therefore, the study recommended that there must be much appreciation for EYL teachers. The study also suggested accomplishing a similar study in a larger context to support the EYL teacher's welfare policy.

New insights from selected South Asian countries on the determinants of GHG emissions

In developing economies, there is a lack of certainty in energy and environmental economic policy. In contrast, research into the interplay between population, economic growth (GDP), renewable energy, nuclear energy, fossil fuels, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions has received comparatively little attention. Thus, the main motive of this exploration is to analyze the influence of population, economic growth, and various energy sources consumption on the selected South Asian economy's GHG emissions using the STIRPAT model. The period 1972–2021 is used to estimate results by considering cross-sectional dependence (CSD) and slope homogeneity (SH) tests, as well as second-generation unit root and cointegration tests. Due to the presence of SH, CSD, and mixed-order unit root problems, the cross-sectional autoregressive distributive lag (CS-ARDL) model has been used to estimate the value of selected variables. The impact of GDP and population is positive but insignificant for South Asian countries in the short run, but GDP is significant in the long run. The research also revealed that burning fossil fuels significantly contributes to atmospheric gas emissions level. In addition, renewable and nuclear energy play useful and substantial roles in reducing pollution in South Asian countries. Therefore, it is recommended that the economies of the South Asian countries maintain a uniform approach to economic policy to fully benefit from the advantages of increased green and safe energy production.

A World of a Thousand Independent Regions: Confronting the Ever-Increasing Refugee Problem

Based on Pattern 1 “Independent Regions” in the book <em>A Pattern Language</em> by Alexander et al. (1977), we investigate a fundamental socio-spatial alternative for reorganizing our world, countries, and metropolitan regions. When put into the context of large worldwide problems, such as climate change, nuclear danger, pandemics, overpopulation, and refugee crises, the innovative idea of “independent regions” presents itself as a promising alternative to the current imbalance of few large and dominant countries in contrast to a wide majority of smaller and medium-sized countries. Working on the development of a refugee pattern language (RPL), this alternative can help to solve larger worldwide problems including the human-made refugee problem. In RPL pattern “3.2 A World of Independent Regions,” we explore this bottom-up alternative based on fundamental principles with an ideal population size for governing itself democratically and equity among regions in a world community. Other considerations include the potential to reduce the root problem of refugee creation of big countries vs. small counties, in cooperation with independent regions, and world regions. Updating this concept involves considering suggestions and new ideas that might make the outcome richer in overlaps, assembly, and scope. The relevance and vision of this concept and pattern are probably most visible and needed in the current turmoil of a transforming world.

Implementation gap of China’s environmental policies: logic behind the over-implementation of the coal to gas transition

ABSTRACT China has implemented numerous energy-related policies to tackle environmental and energy challenges, but not all policies have yielded desired outcomes. While policy failure due to insufficient implementation is often highlighted, less attention has been given to the issue of over-implementation. In the last decade, China has experienced a process of power recentralization, which has brought about systemic changes in environmental policy implementation. Over-implementation has emerged as a prevalent phenomenon in environmental governance. The questions thus arise are: why does over-implementation happen? What are the consequences? This study examines the phenomenon of policy over-implementation within China's environmental governance system, using the coal-to-gas clean heating project as a case study. The findings reveal that China's recentralization efforts have addressed long-existing root problems in the environmental governance system. The strong environmental commitment from the central government, coupled with authoritarian pressure and positive incentives, has resulted in local implementers self-reinforcing for better career prospects, leading to over-implementation of policies. However, such authoritarian enforcement may overlook conflicts at the street bureaucratic level and opposition from those affected by the policies, potentially causing social injustice.

AN INVESTIGATION ON FACTORS AFFECTING HEALTH CARE EXPENDITURES: THE CASE OF PAKISTAN

In order to complete this study on factors affecting health care expenditures, we collected the annual data from 1972 to 2020 in order to assess the factors affecting health care expenses. The time series data frequently have unit root problem, which is present in data utilized in this study. It was scientifically proven by Eigen value test results that there is a causal relationship between health expenditures and the factors affecting those expenses. The Johansen co-integration approach has been used to examine long-term relationship between the variables. The study's conclusion is that access to health care in Pakistan is both a need and a luxury. Health care costs in Pakistan are being significantly impacted by urbanization. The number of doctors and hospital beds per 1000 people has a beneficial impact on health care costs. People under the age of ten and those who are older are more vulnerable and are having a favorable impact on health costs. The results offered the significant information in reaching the conclusion and offering suggestions to the policy makers and future researchers.

Efektivitas Pembelajaran Dengan Model Seven Jumps Berbantuan Wag Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19

Seeing the root of the problem of student independence during the Covid-19 pandemic, implementing the effectiveness of learning with the Seven Jumps model assisted by the whatsapp group during the Covid-19 Pandemic is the aim of this research. This type of research approach is a qualitative and quantitative experiment carried out online with the Seven Jumps learning model assisted by WhatsApp groups. Data was collected by questionnaires, observation sheets and tests. Valid device tests come from expert perceptions, test the effectiveness of learning with statistical tests of the effect of regression and comparative t tests.
 The results showed that the root problems and constraints for student independence in utilizing information technology to achieve the expected competencies were: low self-motivation to learn, self-assessment ability, self-discipline, self-control, responsibility, pattern-learning ability, self-reliance in designing appropriate learning objectives, design implementation strategies, monitoring the progress of learning outcomes, coordination of learning methods, and the need for guidance in finding learning resources, implementing independent learning with the Seven Jumps model assisted by the whatsapp group is effective. This is indicated by: a) there is a positive influence of independent learning on problem solving ability of 60.8%, b) The gain test to measure the effectiveness of the pretest and posttest is 0.52 in the medium category and the effectiveness is sufficient. The Seven Jumps method can be implemented boldly during the Covid-19 Pandemic.

ROOT CAUSE ANALYSIS (RCA) OF E-CATALOGUE PROCUREMENT OF MEDICINE USING E-PURCHASING IN PUBLIC HEALTH CENTER IN KLATEN REGENCY OF CENTRAL JAVA

E-catalogue procurement of medicine is a method of electronic procurement using a particular website developed by the Government to increase the effectiveness, efficiency, and transparency of medicine procurement. In Klaten Regency, e-catalogue procurement of medicine in the Public Health Center (PHC) experiences obstacles. The study aimed to evaluate performance of e-catalogue procurement of medicine, analyze the root problem and formulate strategies to improve the performance based on the root problems. This descriptive study involved seven PHCs with data on medicine procurement in 2021. Quantitative data analysis was conducted by evaluating six performance indicators of medicine procurement. Qualitative data analysis was conducted by interviewing 17 respondents, analyzing root problems, and formulating improvement strategies The study showed that all PHCs had good medicine availability at 87.71% average, but low realization of e-catalogue procurement occurred in two PHCs. Lead time beyond the contract period occurred in two PHCs. All PHCs experienced low suitability of procurement funds and percentage of procurement through e-catalogue. Percentage of budget allocation for medicine procurement varied between 1.59% to 7.29%. Analysis of the root problem showed obstacles in human resources, mechanism of procurement, policies, system, budget, and environment aspect. It was concluded that the obstacles rooted on the lack of team role and synergy of PHC, District Pharmacy Unit, and District Health Office according to their authority, the lack of pharmaceutical industry and distributor commitments in the provision of e-catalogue medicine for PHC, and also the urgent needs of system and regulatory improvement by the Government.

0612 Understanding Narcolepsy Treatments From the Patient’s Perspective: A Survey of People Living With Narcolepsy

Abstract Introduction Individuals with narcolepsy were surveyed to better understand desired treatment outcomes and how those outcomes map to commonly experienced symptoms, treatment awareness, and medication usage. Methods In February 2022, an email invitation to a 27-question online survey was sent to US members of MyNarcolepsyTeam, a social network of >9,800 members. Results In total, 110 members completed the survey. The most frequently mentioned desired treatment goals aligned with the most commonly reported symptoms: being able to stop sleeping during the day (77%); increased energy (62%); improved memory (36%); improved productivity (29%); improved sleep continuity (22%); and for patients with narcolepsy type 1, reducing cataplexy (28%). A common theme was desire for a medication that would treat the underlying cause and not just improve specific symptoms. In one patient’s own words: “I want to see treatments that target the root problem of poor nighttime sleep rather than just being a band-aid for [excessive daytime sleepiness] EDS, like stimulants are.” Only a small percentage of respondents (13%) were not currently taking any type of medication to address narcolepsy symptoms. 64% were currently taking ≥2 medications to address both the daytime and nighttime symptoms. Most commonly mentioned current treatments were dextroamphetamine-amphetamine (30%), modafinil (22%), melatonin (16%), armodafinil (15%), venlafaxine (14%), and oxybate (14%). Notably, 33% of patients taking sodium oxybate chose sleeping through the night as a desired outcome. Most common sources for learning about treatments were narcolepsy-specific websites (53%), MyNarcolepsyTeam specifically (45%), the patient’s doctor (42%), scientific articles (42%), and advocacy groups (37%). Conclusion Patients experience a wide range of both daytime and nighttime symptoms and seek relief from both sets of symptoms including EDS (93%), fatigue (79%), cognitive challenges (74%), as well as sleep disruptions (63%). As a result, the majority need multiple medications. Understanding the experiences and needs of people with narcolepsy provides significant opportunities for clinicians to support, educate, and treat their patients holistically. Additionally, content readily available on the internet, whether it is narcolepsy-specific content or social networks, helps patients proactively discuss options with their clinician. Support (if any) Avadel Pharmaceuticals

Engaging with open educational practices: Mapping the landscape in Australian higher education

For more than a decade, Australian higher education has engaged with open educational practice (OEP). This paper presents findings from a study investigating the institutional approaches to OEP in Australian universities. Interviews were conducted with representatives from 10 Australian universities. The findings of a thematic analysis reveal organisational context, business processes and educational design as key themes through which OEP is enacted within Australian universities. Together, these themes document Australian universities experiences of and with OEP and contribute to addressing the need for translational research in Australian higher education. This research contributes to a growing evidence basis to construct an understanding of the dimensions of OEP for practical action. Implications for practice or policy: University policymakers should enact institutional open education policy to signal support and provide clarity. Learning designers and academic staff can leverage OEP to catalyse student-centred, authentic pedagogical transformation. OEP advocates need to address the root problem of sector-wide lack of awareness. Australian institutions should recognise existing pockets of good OEP engagement and more strategically codify or connect these practices to realise the benefits of OEP.

Adapted AZNN methods for time-varying and static matrix problems

We present adapted Zhang neural networks (AZNN) in which the parameter settings for the exponential decay constant $\eta$ and the length of the start-up phase of basic ZNN are adapted to the problem at hand. Specifically, we study experiments with AZNN for time-varying square matrix factorizations as a product of time-varying symmetric matrices and for the time-varying matrix square roots problem. Differing from generally used small $\eta$ values and minimal start-up length phases in ZNN, we adapt the basic ZNN method to work with large or even gigantic $\eta$ settings and arbitrary length start-ups using Euler's low accuracy finite difference formula. These adaptations improve the speed of AZNN's convergence and lower its solution error bounds for our chosen problems significantly to near machine constant or even lower levels. Parameter-varying AZNN also allows us to find full rank symmetrizers of static matrices reliably, for example, for the Kahan and Frank matrices and for matrices with highly ill-conditioned eigenvalues and complicated Jordan structures of dimensions from $n = 2$ on up. This helps in cases where full rank static matrix symmetrizers have never been successfully computed before.

Riccati transfer equations for fluid structure interaction in liquid-filled piping systems

In this paper, based on the Riccati transfer matrix method (RTMM), the Riccati fluid structure interaction transfer equations (FSIRTE) are established to improve the numerical stability of the classical fluid structure interaction transfer matrix method (FSITMM). Combined with numerical algorithms for eliminating the singularity points of the Riccati equations, the spare root problem in the calculation process is solved. This method can be used for the natural frequency calculation of liquid-filled piping systems. Compared with finite element method (FEM), it has the characteristics of high calculation efficiency; meanwhile, good numerical stability, compared with FSITMM; and accurate calculation results, compared with method of characteristics (MOC). Numerical simulation results of typical classical examples are given.

On the puiseux theorem

In 1850, Puiseux solved the problem of finding roots of complex polynomials in two variables and proved that the field of these series is algebraically closed. His proof provided an algorithm constructing the roots. In this article, based on the paper “Ha Huy Vui, Nguyen Hong Duc. On the Lojasiewicz exponent near the fibre of polynomial mappings, Ann. Polon. Math. 94 (2008), 43-52”, we give a different algorithm computing Newton - Puiseux roots of a complex polynomial in two variables. This algorithm is more effective in practice.

Procurement Analysis of Pharmaceutical Supplies with Lean Hospital Approach in Pharmacy Department of Hospital “X” Tegal, Indonesia

Pharmacy Departments in hospitals are one of the biggest revenue contributors in hospitals. But on the other hand, pharmaceutical departments are also one of the biggest expenditure sources in hospitals, so it needs to be done well management. Then we need an analysis to identify wasteful activities. The method used is direct observation to observe the process of selection, planning, procurement, and received of medicines. Then conducted in-depth interviews with structural involved in the process of managing pharmaceutical supplies, see routine reports, Standard Operating Procedures (SOP), Policies, Guidelines for Hospital Pharmacy Services and Organization, and other supporting documents. Waste data analysis from interviews was conducted with current state mapping, root problem analysis with Root Cause Analysis and system improvement designs made in the form of Future State Mapping. In this study, it was found that waste occurred in the process of selection, planning and procurement, and received of medicines, including waste of waiting, waste of inventory, waste of human potential, waste of defect, waste of transportation, and waste of over processing. Proposed improvement in the selection, planning, procurement, and received process is the creation of an ITbased system and improvement of effective and efficient procedures to accommodate the work of managing pharmaceutical supplies, particularly in the selection, planning, procurement, and received process.

A new ZNN model for finding discrete time-variant matrix square root: From model design to parameter analysis

In recent years, artificial neural network technology has developed very rapidly. More and more experts and scholars use neural network technology to solve the related problems of applied mathematics. As a representative of the Hopfield neural network, zeroing neural network (ZNN) which can deal with the time-variant problem that may not be solved by traditional methods effectively. In this paper, to solve the problem of time-variant matrix square root, the continuous-time ZNN (CT-ZNN) model is presented based on the ZNN design formula. Next, to meet the requirements of computer simulation, the general square-pattern discretization (SPD) formula is applied to obtain the general discrete-time ZNN (G-DT-ZNN) model. Moreover, by changing the value of the selected parameter in the G-DT-ZNN model, it is presented that the effect of different values of the selected parameter on the precision of the G-DT-ZNN model. Finally, in the numerical experiments, three discrete time-variant matrix square root problems are presented as examples for verifying such theoretical results of the proposed G-DT-ZNN model.

Scientific case and the urgent need for a Prosocial Orthosociology

More and more scientific evidence shows that the primary source of societal harms and human suffering throughout history is rooted in the dominance of a Psychopathic Ruling Class. As we are witnessing the rise of a totalitarian, neo-fascist world order, there is an urgent need for a Prosocial Orthosociology: a holistic, critical, inter-and transdisciplinary, evidence based scientific research method to scrutinise all social structures from a human rights perspective. This evidence based holistic approach is aimed at exposing and eliminating anti-social, abusive, exploitative and harmful policies as an ethical imperative towards global justice and global health; with a primary focus on the Psychopathic Ruling Class, in order to address the very root problem

SME’s EMPOWERMENT THROUGH INDEPENDENT FISH FEEDING DEVELOPMENT IN PLALANGAN VILLAGE SEMARANG

The COVID-19 pandemic gives an impression to the Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Semarang City. 1538 SMEs experienced losses of up to 75% and even went bankrupt. It is caused by changes in purchasing priorities from the market, so SMEs must be able to think innovatively to maintain their business. Innovation will be attached to SME products that guarantee business survival. One of them is a catfish nugget product from Atmajaya Pond. Atmajaya Pond is an SME community service program partner that can sell as many as 280 packs monthly, producing 70 kg of fish for nuggets. This figure is relatively high for a home-scale business. The raw material for nuggets is obtained from cultivation through aquaculture, which occupies a limited area beside the house. The products were distributed in Semarang and surrounding areas. Currently, the high-cost burden in the production process is feeding, so making fish feed yourself is a strategic activity to reduce production costs. SME partner now has three root problems: (1) Fails in developing fish feed products because it cannot float. (2) The products need to be more competitive because they are still modest and less eye-catching, and the packaging is not represented as iconic. (3) Processed products owned by partners cannot last long. Thus, the direction of this program will build solutions that solve these problems, such as improving fish feed production, recreating the packaging design, and adding new processed fish products. This strategic program impacts increasing skill by 89.58%, increasing knowledge by 95.83%, and strengthening production by 20%.