Problems Of Sustainable Development Research Articles

Improved indicators for the integrated assessment of coastal sustainable development based on Earth Observation Data

ABSTRACT Target 14 of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 14) depicts a better future regarding the capacity of coastal environments to cope with several developmental challenges. However, gaps in the data and indicators restrict the effective implementation of this global plan. In this context, under the umbrella of the Digital Belt and Road (DBAR) Program, the DBAR_COAST working group (WG) aims to solve the problems of coastal sustainable development along the Maritime Silk Road (MSR). This paper demonstrates the recent efforts of the DBAR_COAST WG to develop indicators based on Earth observation (EO) data (i.e. the natural coastal protection index (NCPI), the local proportion of habitats protected index (LPHPI), and the coastal eco-erosion index (CEEI)), which complement the existing indicators related to SDGs 14.2, 14.5 and 14.7. These indicators all satisfy indicative, robust, scientifically sound and accessible data principles. Based on them, both the coastal protection (NCPI = 0.97) and protected area coverage (LPHPI = 0.38) in the MSR still had much room for improvement in 2020, and pressure from aquaculture expansion (CEEI = 0.11) showed significant regionally spatial heterogeneity. These indicators serve to provide a guideline for indicator-based assessment in monitoring the progress toward achieving SDG 14.

Этнический состав населения арктической зоны Республики Саха (Якутия) и его природная среда обитания

Currently, the Arctic, as it is known, is of strategic importance for Russia, therefore, in this regard, the problems of sustainable development of ethnic groups inhabiting the Arctic zone are also being actualized. In this regard, scientific research of various spheres of life in the Arctic zone of Russia, including Yakutia, is becoming important. Great attention is paid to the problems of the Arctic zone: environmental protection, socio-economic development of the region, creation of favorable living conditions for the population, etc. In this regard, the Russian government has approved the Concept of the Russian Federation's Chairmanship in the Arctic Council, as well as an action plan, during which various issues will be discussed, including strengthening trade ties between states, melting permafrost, global warming, combating environmental pollution, and human capital development. This article is devoted to the territorial development and numerical ratio of ethnic groups living in the Arctic.

Navigating the Nexus between Rural Revitalization and Sustainable Development: A Bibliometric Analyses of Current Status, Progress, and Prospects

Achieving sustainable rural development is challenging. However, revitalizing the rural economy is one of the most suitable strategies to overcome sustainable development problems. The rural revitalization strategy aims to create an idealized sustainable development model for rural areas which can avoid the current crisis and utilize institutional advantages to overcome the survival challenges of mostly small-scale peasant economies. The logic of the rural revitalization strategy lies in its essential value implication and practical orientation for consolidating the foundation in rural areas, including its characteristics and its ability to realize long-term sustainable development. There is growing interest in research on rural revitalization and sustainable development, but the current status, trends, and progress are unknown. This study examines the most recent advancements in research patterns for rural revitalization and the promotion of sustainable development from 1995 to 2023. It accomplishes this by thoroughly evaluating and analyzing published scholarly material. We performed a bibliometric analysis of the literature obtained from the Scopus database using VOS Viewer software version 1.6.15. We examined a total of 403 articles and evaluated them, focusing on the precise terms “Rural Revitalization” and “Sustainable Development”. We found that post-2018, there has been a notable surge in the popularity and acceptance of research related to these topics. China ranks first in terms of publishing the greatest number of research articles. The journal Sustainability has published the most articles on sustainable development and rural revitalization, followed by Land and the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. The Journal of Rural Studies published the most cited document. Exciting research areas include the conservation of natural resources, ecosystem cities, and rural revitalization strategies. The research findings thoroughly evaluate academic output and propose thematic areas for further investigation.

ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ УПРАВЛЕНИЕ В НОВЫХ ГЕОПОЛИТИЧЕСКИХ И ГЕОЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ УСЛОВИЯХ (ИТОГИ РАБОТЫ XX МЕЖДУНАРОДНОЙ КОНФЕРЕНЦИИ)

The publication provides an overview of the 20th International Scientifi c Conference “Public Administration in New Geopolitical and Geo-Economic Conditions”, held annually at the Faculty of Public Administration of M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University. During the conference, new trends in the science and practice of public administration, challenges of the modern world economy, problems and prospects of digital transformation of public administration, problems of regional and municipal management, features of staffing the public administration system, prospects for strategic planning, challenges and prospects of Eurasian integration, the role of BRICS countries on the path to establishing a new world order, issues of anti-crisis management of the public and commercial sectors, modern capabilities for managing social systems and personnel management in the face of the challenges of new times. The economic, political, legal aspects of the functioning of public authority, national issues, historical processes, social transformations, issues of sustainable development of the state, crisis phenomena at the macro-, meso- and micro levels, problems of sustainable business development in the context of modern global processes, new personnel technologies of domestic companies are considered.

ЕКОНОМІКО-МАТЕМАТИЧНЕ МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ СТАЛОГО РОЗВИТКУ У ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ

The article examines modern aspects of the use of mathematical models in solving problems of sustainable development of enterprises. The essence of the concept of sustainable development was considered and its importance for enterprises in the modern dynamic business environment was determined. The role of mathematical modeling in the decision-making process based on the application of specific methods and tools that help to analyze and optimize the production processes of economic entities in the context of sustainable development is studied. A complex of specialized mathematical models used for modeling sustainable development is considered, including such aspects as linear and non-linear programming, simulation theory, game theory, differential equations, etc. The peculiarities of the application of these models in the activities of enterprises were analyzed and their effectiveness in ensuring the achievement of sustainable development was determined. Practical examples of the implementation of economic and mathematical models at enterprises of various industries on the basis of reducing resource consumption, optimizing production processes, waste and risk management strategies, as well as planning future investments in sustainable development were studied. The importance of the development and improvement of economic-mathematical modeling methods for achieving the goals of sustainable development of economic entities is determined. The essence of challenges and obstacles that arise in the process of implementing economic and mathematical models to achieve sustainable development of enterprises, which include the objective need for access to a large amount of data, the complexity of interaction with counterparties, as well as the instability of the modern economic environment, is considered. Strategies and recommendations for overcoming these challenges are proposed, including the development of information systems and the actualization of the needs of business entities regarding the importance of sustainable development. The necessity of integrating mathematical models in the planning and economic activities of enterprises to achieve the efficiency of their sustainable development is determined. The importance of applying economic-mathematical modeling to increase the efficiency of enterprises and stimulate their sustainable activity to achieve strategic goals is proven.

Measuring the Impact of Technology Innovations and Renewable Energy Consumption for Enhancing Environmental Sustainability in India: Empirical Evidence from ARDL Approach

Rising carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions at a breakneck pace is a serious problem for sustainable development. To ensure climate-protected sustainable development, we have to promote safe and sustainable energy for the future. Here, the production and consumption of renewable energy is having a vital role. Apart from this, technological innovation is also crucial to taste the benefits of renewable energy and reduce the emission of different harmful gases. Against this backdrop, the present study intends to investigate the contribution of technological innovation along with the use of renewable energy in ensuring environmental sustainability in India using the ARDL model. Further, the Granger causality test is also performed in this study to check the direction of causality among the variables. The results of this study reveal that renewable energy consumption reduces CO2 emissions in India in both the short and long run. This means that using renewable energy would help India to bring environmental sustainability through reducing CO2 emissions. However, a positive relationship is noted between technological innovation and CO2 emissions. This may imply innovation in technology in India is unable to act as an instrument to bring environmental sustainability.

Mobile app for household eco-activism

The article substantiates the development of a mobile application for the installation of communications in the public to solve the problem of sustainable environmental development of individual territories of settlements and attracting attention to current environmental problems. The use of structural analysis and synthesis methods made it possible to establish all the key actors and processes of the problem area. Based on this, using the methods of information modelling, a model describing all the functional features of the implementation of information processes necessary for programming the modules of the software product was developed. Using the methods of object-orientated programming, a mobile application was created that allows us to generate a list of environmental events in which anyone can take part and get access to resources related to ecology.

Implementation of the concept for forming sustainable development of agricultural land of the region

The problems of sustainable development of agricultural regions cover a number of unresolved issues in the field of land legislation; urban planning and environmental management, determining their purpose in planning the development of territories, preserving the natural re-source potential of agricultural lands. Forming sustainable agricultural land use and prospects for the development of the agro-industrial complex as the basis for ensuring food security of the Russian Federation. In the article, based on the materials of the Tyumen region, scientific approaches, methods and methods of implementing the concept for the formation of integrated sustainable development of the region, agricultural lands and agricultural land use are proposed. The article provides a geoinformation analysis of the distribution of the total area of unused arable land by municipal districts of the Tyumen region using cartodiagrams. The cartographic material shows the reasons for the non-use of arable land in the Tyumen region.

Особенности социально-трудовых отношений в регионах с разным уровнем диверсификации экономики

The relevance of solving the problem of sustainable development of regions with different levels of diversification of the economy is due to the current situation in the entire world economy, the aggravation of social and economic contradictions. The aim of this study is to identify the peculiarities of social and labor relations in the territories with different levels of economic diversification (on the example of a region with monotowns and a weakly urbanized region). The necessity of studying the state of social and labour relations to ensure sustainable development of the regional economy is substantiated. The following conclusions were obtained. 1. A comparative analysis of the main socio-economic indicators of the economy’s functioning and indicators of social and labor relations of single-industry and weakly urbanized territorial entities was carried out. 2 The multivariate impact on social and labor relations was studied, primarily from the standpoint of geography and economic structure, taking into account the peculiarities of urbanization processes. 3. Features of social and labor relations of single-industry and weakly urbanized regions were identified under the influence of the triune group of factors. 4. The choice of Kemerovo Oblast is due to the fact that almost half of municipalities are monotowns. The Republic of Tuva was chosen as a weakly urbanized territory, supplemented by information on Altai Krai for comparative analysis. 5. The level of urbanization in Kemerovo Oblast is about 1.5 times higher than the corresponding figure in the Republic of Tuva and Altai Krai. 6. With an equal or significantly smaller area of the compared territories, the population of Altai Krai and Kemerovo Oblast is 7–8 times higher than that of the Republic of Tuva. In the latter, over the past 15 years, there have been positive changes in the gradual increase in numbers, while in the former there is a steady trend of population decline. The number continues to decline in almost all monotowns of Kemerovo Oblast (with extremely rare exceptions). 7. The demographic burden in Altai Krai and the Republic of Tuva has been growing over a 15-year period, with a tendency to gradually equalize the number of people in disabled and working age, thereby exacerbating the situation on the labor market and limiting the opportunities for sustainable economic development. 8. The Republic of Tuva is at the end of the hierarchy of the subjects of the Russian Federation in terms of employment, unemployment rate and tension coefficient. 9. One of the main factors determining the specifics and development of social and labor relations of single-industry municipalities is the activities of the city-forming enterprise and its interaction with other subjects of social and labor relations.

Теоретичні засади державної регіональної політики в умовах реалізації антикризового управління

The article discusses the urgent problems of sustainable development of Ukraine, which are focused on economic growth, improving the well-being of the population and preserving the integrity of the State in difficult security conditions. The study substantiates the need to revise and update regional policy, taking into account the current challenges and tasks of post-war development, as well as taking into account the experience of other countries. The article underlines the importance of ensuring sustainable development in all regions as a key path to the overall sustainable development of the country. The study provides an analysis of the main factors influencing regional development, emphasizes the need to take into account the fiscal and regulatory potential of the customs system, which is especially important for regions with border checkpoints. It is found that the State regional policy acquires a new meaning in view of the need to regulate and support regional development by legislative, financial, planning, investment and infrastructure measures. The study has also revealed a significant interest in the development and improvement of the organizational component of regional development management. Thus, this calls attention to the lack of comprehensive scientific research that would meet the new challenges of today. However, the development of digital technologies and their implementation in public administration opens up new opportunities for automating regional development processes. The article outlines the main directions of the State influence on the development of regions, in particular, legislative regulation, financial support, planning and coordination of activities, investment policy, development of infrastructure, education and science, optimization of social policy, environmental measures, industrial development, information potential and international cooperation. The importance of inter-budgetary transfers and taxes as key tools for supporting regions in the context of anti-crisis management, which contributes to the stabilization and development of regions affected by the crisis, is emphasized. Thus, the article proposes an integrated approach to ensuring balanced regional development, which takes into account modern challenges and contributes to the overall economic revival of the country.

Формирование методического подхода к прогнозированию устойчивого развития региона

Subject/topic. The article is devoted to the scientific problem of sustainable development of the region. Issues of sustainable development have become acutely discussed in the international community at all levels of government, in connection with environmental pollution, ecosystem depletion, and climate warming. The problems of reducing the quality of life and the economic inexpediency of regional investment projects are added to environmental problems. The subject of the study is a methodological approach to forecasting the sustainable development of the region. Goals/objectives. The purpose of the study is to develop an author's methodological approach to forecasting the sustainable development of the region, taking into account its specific features and taking into account the accumulated experience in this area. Methodology. The research methodology was a systematic approach, which used: a retrospective analysis of significant indicators of regional development, approximation, statistical methods of information processing, correlation and regression analysis. The empirical basis of the study was Rosstat data on the socio-economic development of the regions. Results. The author's methodological approach to forecasting the sustainable development of the region includes methods and techniques for building an economic model and assessing its quality. A universal algorithm for the formation of an economic model for forecasting the sustainable development of the region has been developed. The selection of independent and dependent variables - factors influencing the sustainable development of the region - has been carried out. The presented economic model of forecasting the sustainable development of the region, developed on the basis of correlation and regression analysis, reflects the peculiarities of the development of a particular subject of the Russian Federation. The model is quite reliable from the point of view of statistical estimates, which makes it possible to conclude that it describes the sustainable development of the region with high probability. Conclusions/significance. The novelty of the study lies in the development of the author's methodological approach, which includes an algorithm for the formation of such an economic model, which will identify social, environmental and economic factors affecting the sustainable development of the model region and assess the degree of their influence. As a result, it was possible to identify priority areas of activity of public authorities to achieve sustainable development of the Moscow region. Application. The proposed algorithm for forming an economic forecasting model is universal and can be applied to predict the sustainable development of other regions, taking into account the assessment of the quality of the economic model. The results obtained can be useful for substantiating management decisions of public authorities on the sustainable development of regional systems, forecasting the sustainable development of the region, taking into account its specific features affecting the development of the ecosystem.

PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF SYUNIK MARZ

The article discusses theoretical, methodological and practical issues and problems of sustainable development of the marzes of the Republic of Armenia on the example of Syunik marz. The indicators that can be used to assess the economic, social and environmental components of sustainable development and the nature of their interrelation are identified. SWOT analysis of these components gave an opportunity to identify and evaluate competitive advantages, opportunities and risks of development, strengths and weaknesses of Syunik marz. On the basis of these components priority and primary directions of prospective development of Syunik marz were selected

СОЦІАЛЬНА ВІДПОВІДАЛЬНІСТЬ АГРОБІЗНЕСУ ТА ESG ПРАКТИКА ЯК СПОСОБИ ДОСЯГНЕННЯ ЦІЛЕЙ СТАЛОГО РОЗВИТКУ

The need to solve the problems of sustainable development and gain strategic competitive advantages has led to the active dissemination of socially responsible business initiatives. This is also highly relevant for the agri-food sector, the role of which is vital for the global tasks of sustainability and the national economy of Ukraine. The article examines the main essential features of social responsibility of business and modern ESG practice in the example of the agricultural sector. Studies have shown that corporate social responsibility (CSR and ESG) is an example of a modern sustainable management business model with standard features. Both models aim to raise the level of corporate culture and achieve sustainable development goals. At the same time, the key feature of corporate social responsibility is its qualitative dimension, while the characteristic feature of ESG is qualitative assessment. ESG management practice is one of the priorities for Ukraine's agricultural business. It creates opportunities to achieve competitive advantages in attracting additional financial flows necessary for the sustainable development of agriculture and rural areas. The strategic bonuses formed for agricultural companies by using the principles of CSR and ESG in practice are defined. Among the main ones are: building up the image capital of agricultural companies; increasing market share; rapid and effective response to climate change risks and other environmental and social business risks; improving the understanding of future business development opportunities and finding effective mechanisms for their use; increasing the level of investment attractiveness of business. The key indicators for assessing the ESG rating in the context of three factors are studied: economic, social, and managerial. The current trends and social responsibility problems of Ukraine's agrarian business are analyzed. It is determined that voluntary, socially responsible initiatives take place mainly in large-scale agricultural companies. The potential possibilities of the influence of ESG practice on the financial results of agrarian formations are determined. The main promising directions and tools of CSR and ESG in the activities of business entities in the agricultural sector are outlined.

Визначення системи цілей та оцінка рівня сталого розвитку промислових підприємств

Sustainable development is an objective necessity for the effective functioning of society. In the scientific works of both foreign and domestic economists, the discussion on the essence and methods of assessing sustainable development continues. The relevance of the article relies upon the consideration that the study of the problems of sustainable development at the level of industrial enterprises, in particular the development of scientific and methodological recommendations for determining the system of goals and assessing the level of sustainable development of industrial enterprises, is yet insufficiently elaborated. The aim of the article is to improve the theoretical foundations of sustainable development by developing scientific and methodological recommendations, defining a system of goals and assessing the level of sustainable development of industrial enterprises. To achieve this aim, a number of tasks are solved: an analysis of the theoretical foundations of sustainable development is carried out; on the basis of the system method of research, the factors of influence and criteria-indicators of sustainable development of enterprises are determined; according to the conception of management by goals, making use of the program-target method, a system of goals for sustainable development of industrial enterprises is defined; a hierarchy of the goals of sustainable development of enterprise has been built; the global (main) goal and sub-goals of sustainable development of industrial enterprises are formulated; on the basis of graph theory, a tree of goals (graphs) for sustainable development of industrial enterprises has been built; on the basis of the theory of utility, a multi-criteria model of integral assessment of sustainable development of enterprises has been proposed. The global (main) goal of enterprise development is formulated as «Achieving sustainable development of industrial enterprises». The tree of sustainable development goals of enterprises is a graph, the vertices of which are the goals, and the edges (arcs) are the connections between them. Depending on the purpose of the study, as well as the degree of specification of goals, it is possible to build many variants of the tree of goals, which will identify and illustrate various compromise alternatives for achieving goals. A system of criteria-indicators that characterize the achievement of the set goals has been formulated. As a criterion for achieving the goal, it is proposed to use a multi-criteria utility function. For an integral assessment of sustainable development, it is expedient to use the additive utility function, which makes it possible to calculate the integral indicator of sustainable development of enterprise. This, in turn, makes it possible to analyze the dynamics of sustainable development over a number of years, as well as to compare enterprises with each other.

ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ И РАЗВИТИЯ СЕЛЬСКИХ АГЛОМЕРАЦИЙ

Rural territories are a fundamental component of the development of agriculture and the national economy, since it is in these territories that the natural resources necessary for agricultural production are located, such as land and forests, water sources that are part of the structure of natural agricultural landscapes and parts of the ecosystems of rural areas. At the same time, rural areas are entrusted with the function of food supply to the population, which is one of the elements of national security on a national scale, which determines the relevance of the presented research. Rational and efficient use of the above resources is one of the main tasks of sustainable and progressive development of rural areas. To achieve efficient use of resources in rural areas, it is necessary to use innovative technologies in crop production and livestock farming, which will increase production indicators and ultimately provide the population with food for both the population of the region and the country as a whole. Therefore, state regulation of this sector of the economy should ensure food independence, which is a comprehensive macro-economic task of sustainability of the efficiency of the public production sphere, affecting the dynamics of development of rural areas, the level of income of the rural population and their differentiation, the level of labor force participation and the level of employment in regional comparison. In recent years, in world and Russian practice, processes have been observed to strengthen the role of cities and agglomerations as a natural process of urbanization. At the same time, ongoing socio-economic transformations and insufficient funding for local self-government have had a negative impact on changes in the operating conditions of business entities; decreasing incomes and rising rural unemployment; outflow of population to cities (primarily young people and the working population; reduction in labor productivity and destruction of engineering and social infrastructure. The complexity and multifaceted nature of the problem of sustainable development of agricultural production based on rural agglomerations, the methodology and methodology of their creation, operation and development, the relevance of this problem determined the topic of this study.

The role of world’s natural-science picture formation in the professional thinking development process of aquaculture specialists

Long-term work on the educational program’s “Aquatic Bioresources and Aquaculture” implementation shows that for specialist’s training in the field of aquaculture and agriculture in general, systematic natural-science worldview formation is the basis for quality professional skills and knowledge acquisition. The natural-scientific picture of the world requires both basic scientific laws knowledge and mastery of the scientific knowledge methodology basics, the formed ability to be critical of generally accepted truths and information in mass communication and advertising. The written survey included first-year aquaculture majors (N0=30) and third-year students (N1=38). Fisher’s φ test and Student’s t-test (p ≤ 0.01) were used to statistically evaluate the results. The results showed no fundamental differences in the formation of representations in the natural science picture of the world among 1st and 3rd year students. The differences in the professional thinking formation among junior and senior students were significant. It can be concluded that the disciplines content used to form a picture of the world and ideas about the new systematic approach to the sustainable development problems needs to change, and promising will be further research for more perfect methods of professional thinking formation.

Ecologization of tourist activities as a factor of sustainable development of the regions of Ukraine

The article is devoted to the problem of sustainable development of Ukraine's regions, since competitive regions are a source of balanced and sustainable development of the entire country. It was emphasized that the development of the development management strategy of any region of Ukraine should be based on the environmental safety policy, the current norms and requirements of which must be adapted in accordance with European standards. The subject of the study is the greening of tourist activity as a factor in the sustainable development of the regions of Ukraine. The purpose of the study is to build a model of sustainable development of regional tourism based on the ecosystem restoration of security of the tourist and recreational potential of Ukraine in the post-war period. Tasks that were set to achieve the goal: to investigate the management mechanism of sustainable development of regional tourism; to analyze the impact of military actions on the ecological state of the regions of Ukraine; to propose a program model for the sustainable development of tourism in Ukraine. In accordance with this direction of research, the author chose and applied the following methodological approaches: systemic and institutional when considering the interrelationships of actors at both the national and regional levels. Within the framework of the system approach, the functioning of the tourism industry of Ukraine was investigated within the framework of new ecological realities. Thanks to the institutional approach, the necessary legal framework for the sustainable development of tourism was considered. The following results were obtained. The authors proposed the formation of a model of sustainable development of tourism, which emphasizes the sustainability of ecological, economic, cultural and social spheres, taking into account the ranking of factors of sustainable development depending on the level of sustainability. The proposed model takes into account an important aspect - after the war, it will be necessary to ensure different levels of sustainability for individual regions of Ukraine.

A factor in the development of the digital economy in Kazakhstan is the digital literacy of its population

This article is devoted to the main aspects of improving the level of digital literacy of the population in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The Internet is a rapidly developing global phenomenon that carries unprecedented opportunities for all groups of the population, both in developed and developing countries. It has enormous potential for solving the problems of sustainable development and improving the lives of people in urban and rural areas and places where indigenous communities live, building bridges between representatives of different nations, cultures, worldviews and religions, to promote the development of education, culture and employment. The issues related to the concept of «digital literacy» of the population are considered, the importance of the population’s possession of competencies related to the field of digital literacy is shown. Criteria for determining the level of digital literacy of the population are proposed. The analysis of digital literacy of the population carried out in the article is based on the assumption that a necessary condition for the formation of a digital economy in the country is to achieve not only quantitative indicators of the formation of a digital ecosystem (the number of Internet connections, data transfer speed, affordable cost of Internet access, etc.), but also qualitative criteria expressed in the level of digital literacy of the population. The main trends in this area are reflected, current problems are identified, as well as prospects for the development of digital literacy and ways to improve it among the population of the country are considered.

STUDY OF THE IMPACT OF UNESCO HERITAGE SITES ON SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT: A CASE STUDY OF THE MAUSOLEUM OF KHOJA AHMED YASAWI, TURKESTAN

Globally, cultural heritage tourism (CHT) is an effective way to achieve economic benefits by preserving and sharing a city's heritage and culture with visitors. Therefore, it is very important to study the impact of historical and cultural heritage sites on the sustainable development of local tourism. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the Khoja Ahmed Yasawi Mausoleum, a UNESCO heritage site in Kazakhstan, on sustainable tourism development in Turkestan. The study was based on a survey aimed at identifying the goals of tourists (respondents) visiting Turkestan city, the main objects they would like to see as a tourist destination, and their opportunities for sustainable development of urban tourism. The questionnaire responses were analysed based on the coding of respondents (R1-R328) who were randomly selected. As a result, 40.8% of respondents from near and far abroad (47) and Kazakhstan (281) found that the purpose of the visit was historical and cultural tourism. 78.7% of respondents assessed the tourism potential of the Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi as high in terms of sustainable tourism development in Turkestan. Thus, being one of the most famous architectural monuments of Central Asia and an example of modern Kazakh architecture, the mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi is a cultural and historical object that affects the sustainable development of tourism in Turkestan. This study will help to solve the problems of sustainable tourism development in Turkestan.

Optimal siting of shared energy storage projects from a sustainable development perspective: A two-stage framework

The rapidly increasing installed renewable energy capacity has drawn greater attention to energy storage technology in China. However, the commercial implementation of energy storage is constrained by several obstacles. One potential solution to overcome these constraints is the shared energy storage model. The optimal location layout plays a crucial role in addressing the strategic decision problem of sustainable development. Therefore, a two-stage multi-criteria decision-making model is proposed to identify the optimal locations of shared energy storage projects in this work. In the first stage, the power attraction model is established to determine the macroscopic layout of shared energy storage. In the second stage, a large-scale group decision making (LSGDM) framework is developed to select the optimal micro location. The empirical study conducted in China reveals that Shandong, Henan, and Hebei provinces exhibit greater power flow attraction, from which eight alternatives are selected as site preferences and evaluated by twenty experts. Based on the improved EDAS method, the evaluation score function values of the eight alternatives are 0.497, 0.5, 0.476, 0.499, 0.507, 0.477, 0.506, and 0.498, respectively. Specifically, A5 in Rao Yang County, Hengshui City and A7 in Qing Long Manchu Autonomous County, Qinhuangdao City are preferred locations. Furthermore, the dependability and stability of the model are illustrated through the sensitivity analysis and comparative analysis. This model not only assists in determining the layout of shared energy storage but also contributes to the theoretical study of geographic information system and LSGDM.