Problem Of Street Children Research Articles

STUDI RESEPSI MANTAN ANAK JALANAN TERHADAP FILM ALANGKAH LUCUNYA NEGERI INI

<p>Social problems in the aspect of street children in Indonesia is still difficult to solve. The Data 2017 issued by the Minister of Social Khofifah Indar Parawansa said there are 4.1 million Indonesian children who are displaced and need protection. Thus, various media attempts to provide criticisms about social conditions in Indonesia, especially through the construction of street children's films. Film of Alangkah Lucunya Negeri Ini describes social problems of street children happening in Indonesia. This study aims to explain how the reception of exformer street children in watching the film Alangkah Lucunya Negeri Ini using the method of reception proposed by Stuart Hall, namely the concept of dominant hegemony, negotiation, and opposition. The results show that informant receptions arise due to different social and cultural dimensions in life as street children in the past. The informants also made the film Alangkah Lucunya Negeri Ini as reflection based on life experience. Thus, the presence of the film gives negative stigma of street children in social relations of society. Scene of film also brings the informant to feel the pleasure of watching that is expressed through both entertaining and emotional forms. Meanwhile, audience also responded activelly to the construction of street children films in social, educational, and religious discourse. Informants who are in the dominant code express their interest in film programs motivated by behavior and social experience as street children. While informants who are in a negotiating position try to be adaptive in adjusting the message in the film, but also have an attitude of opposition as a form of rejection. While the informants who placed themselves in the opposition expressed a different attitude to the construction offered in the film program. There is an element of discomfort with the presence of street children movies in their lives.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Reception studies, social film of street children, exformer street children, audience active</p>

Meninjau Kembali Kebijakan dan Program Reunifikasi Anak Jalanan di Indonesia

For the umpteenth time various programs have been developed in response to the problems of street children in Indonesia. The government has officially attempted to address the problems through a number of avenues. However, the overall effort appears to be cursory at best. Only a small number of street children seem to benefit from the official programs, while the number of this population continues to climb.In spite of the failures of previous programs, the government seems to be reluctant to change its position and to undertake alternative approaches in addressing the problems of street children. Intervention programs for street children in Indonesia, in the provincial and regional levels, are uniformly developed in the form of national programs. Consequently, local culture and knowledge are not adequately reflected in the framework and approaches that the provincial and regional governments bring to the implementation of programs for street children. This severely reduces the value and impact of the programs.Drawing from an extensive case study on the intervention programs for street children in Yogyakarta Province, this study explores the major problems surrounding the national intervention programs for street children in Indonesia. It focuses on how national policy and programs are implemented at the provincial and regional levels. For this purpose, this study employed a qualitative approach and used a twofold research methodology, a combination of analyzing the pertinent documentation relating to policy and programs for street children along with serial interviews conducted with key informants from government offices and non-governmental institutions (NGOs).

Sarjana (Sarana Belajar Anak Jalanan): Pemberdayaan Anak Jalanan Mandiri, Kreatif Dan Inovatif Melalui Pendidikan Kewirausahaan

Makassar city is one of the cities in Indonesia that can not be separated from the problem of street children. Street children are a very vulnerable social group from various acts of violence, whether physical, emotional, sexual or social violence. Therefore, through the program of dedication to the community intend to participate actively in solving the problems of street children through the program "SARJANA (Sarana Belajar Anak Jalanan): Empowerment of Independent Street Children, Creative, and Innovative Through Entrepreneurship Education". The expected expenditure of this program is to enable street children to become independent, creative and innovative in that it no longer becomes a begging demanding society through entrepreneurship education and the provision of appropriate skills in a relatively short period of time. Methods of implementation are: (1) providing entrepreneurial materials, (2) Production and Financial Management materials, (3) Marketing Management Materials, (4) motivational materials, (5) monitoring and evaluation. The result of this devotion is that the built children already have the creative ability to produce various products that can be the future to be self-supporting.

Spiritual Strengthening Model for Street Children Education Between the Hope and Challenges of ASEAN Economic Community (MEA)

This paper argues that building a community of street children through a spiritual model can be developed in West Kalimantan to strengthen the values of monotheism. By exposing and simultaneously evaluating the current model of street child development through Talcott Parsons functionalism to see how individuals and communities integrate into a social system, and the concept of spiritual model (and spiritual intelligence) a la Danah Zohar as a form of tauhidullah values development and higher goals in street children life, the model of empowerment through the development of spiritual models needs to be placed in a sociological, social and pedagogical setting for access to educational resources and political systems. The issues and problems of street children are never separated from local identity (identity politics), and individual and group characters. Voluntaristically accepting social norms and values as such, humans are actively involved in social exchanges. Likewise, instead of one-dimensional, the individual's identity is liquid and multidimensional.

BALAI PEMBINAAN DAN PELATIHAN KETERAMPILAN ANAK JALANAN DENGAN PENDEKATAN FLEKSIBILITAS ARSITEKTUR DI SURAKARTA

<em>Surakarta city as a big city in Central Java, which continues to grow can not be separated from the phenomenon of street children problem. As a city that wants to be a child-friendly city, the phenomenon of street children in the city is less serious attention to the lack of street children buildings or vocational training for the street children. For it is necessary to design a building that is capable of being marcusuar in the overcome of street children problem in the city. Architectural flexibility is the tendency of architectural objects to be changed, both in shape, size and structure, with the aim of being able to adjust to the needs of users, making it more effective and efficient. The method used is the method of approach architecture with the flexibility of the architecture. The result obtained is a design of a building that is destined for coaching for the psychological rehabilitation as well as a place for the vocational training for the street children in Surakarta, which could accommodate the needs of users in an effective and efficient approach architectural flexibility.</em>

IMPLEMENTASI PROGRAM PENANGANAN ANAK JALANAN DI KOTA SEMARANG

The impact of poverty in Indonesia is that there are many street children who are spread almost throughout the territory of Indonesia. The problem of street children is as if no settlement is marked by the increasing number of street children in Indonesia. Semarang city is one of the cities with a high distribution of street children. Semarang city government has issued a Local Regulation to address the street children in the city of Semarang. The purpose of the regulation is dealing with street children so they can return to normal life as children in general. In this study, researchers discuss how the implementation of policies to deal with street children in the city of Semarang and to investigate the obstacles in the process of implementation is. Based on the results of research conducted, the implementation of policies to deal with street children in the city of Semarang is not running optimally. Less than optimal implementation of this program can be seen from the results of program performance that has not been achieved as well as of the obstacles encountered, ie internal constraints implementing policies such as the problem of coordination between the implementing agencies, the resources both human resources and financial resources are not sufficient and also constraints of the target of the program itself, namely the social and economic conditions were less positive attitudes of the target group program goals. The results of this study can be concluded that the implementation of program of the handling of street children in the city of Semarang already implemented but not yet optimal. Constraints faced cause. Advice from researchers is more increased relationships between organizations implementing policies and also to approach closer to the street children by working with foundations of street children in the city of Semarang.

STRATEGI PENANGANAN ANAK JALANAN DI DINAS SOSIAL PEMUDA DAN OLAHRAGA KOTA SEMARANG

Semarang City is the capital of Central Java province that not separated from social issues, for example is the problem of street chidren. In order to handle the problem of street Children in Semarang city, Social Department of Youth and Sports commit various activities to prevent and control the number of street children. Handling problem of street children by the Social Department of Youth and Sports in Semarang City done by field with social welfare problems.The focus and goals in this study is to formulate the strategy to handling the problem of street children that happen in Semarang City. This study is using qualitative descriptive through interviews, literature, and document, and also SWOT analysis (Strength, Weakness, Opportunities, Threats) that used for analyze.The results obtained that handling problem of street Children by the Social Department of Youth and Sports in Semarang city is not maximized. Where there still an obstacles such as deficieny of human resources,minimum budget, insufficient infrastructure, the habit of society that hard to be change and the absence of regulation of mayor. By analyzing the internal environment and the external environment we can got the strategies that will test by litmus test to determine the level of strategical from these issues. Based on these results, It is reccomended for the strategic issues that has formulated can help Social Service of Youth and Sports of Semarang city for handling the problem of street children. This is done to improve the handling of children street problem in Semarang City.

Factors Associated with Vulnerability to HIV and Sexually Transmitted Infections among Street Children in Selected Towns of Ethiopia, 2016

Background: The problem of street children is becoming a world crosscutting issue since these children exist in every part of the world and become a worldwide problem. Objective: To assess factors associated with vulnerability to STIs and HIV/AIDS among street children in selected towns of Ethiopia. Methodology: Community-based cross-sectional descriptive study design was used on the three selected towns of Ethiopia from June-September, 2016. A total of 360 street children were selected, using snow ball sampling technique. Data were collected using pre-tested interviewer-administered questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to analyze the data. Results: A total of 360 (97.8%) respondents were included in this study. Among them, 167 (46.4%) of them had practiced sexual intercourse and out of these, 137 (82%) had started having sex at the age of 16 years old. Out of these, 61 (36.53%) of them started to get daily basic needs whereas 54 (32.3%) of them were forcefully raped on the street. Only 53 (59.6%) had used condom consistently and 83 (49.7%) had conducted survival sex within the last 12 months. Children on the street or chewing khat or consumption of alcohol had more vulnerability to STIs and HIV about 2.532 (1.57 - 4.08), 2.32 (1.11 - 4.80), 4.18 (2.31 - 7.55) times respectively. But those enrolled in school were about 0.40 (0.25, 0.64) less likely vulnerable than their counterparts. Conclusion: Street children are at a higher likelihood of vulnerability to STIs and HIV. Intervention targeted multilevel approach such as re-integration with their family, life skills training, sexuality education, creating income-generating activities and information education about STIs and HIV should be considered.

Family Circumstances Forcing Children to Run Away from Home in Cameroon

Home background plays a very significant role in the lives of children. The love, respect and attention given to a child at home greatly influences his/her belonging to that home. Knowing the conditions of children at home is imperative if we wish to tackle the problems of street children in Cameroon. This study was to identify and assess the factors associated with the phenomenon of urban street adolescents in 3 cities in Cameroon by looking at the family conditions regarding children’s decision to run away from home. This cross sectional study was carried out on a non-probability snow-ball sample of 399 street children aged 12 to 17, with selection based on their availability and inclusion criteria. Data was collected through interpersonal administration of questionnaires then analysed by univariate and bivariate calculation of frequencies as well as cross tables and chi-square (at what level of significance?). After data collection and cleaning, data was captured in Microsoft Excel (2010) spreadsheet and imported into SPSS statistical package version 19 for windows (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA, for analysis). The study results showed that 75.2% of the participants could not meet their needs while at home, due to the poor status of their parents/guardians as confirmed by 84.5% of them. It should also be noted that 74.7% of participants reported not able to have sufficient meals while at home. Additionally, 70% of participants lived with troublesome (use a different word) parents/guardians such as drunkard or those who are mentally unstable and consequently they had neither respect nor affection for them. The study concluded that the participants experienced unfavourable home circumstances which contributed to them leaving/running from home to dwell on the streets. The Cameroon government should therefore play a major role in assisting street children to ensure that their rights and basic needs are met.

Does the Hungarian child protection system provide appropriate responses to the problem of street children?

Does the Hungarian child protection system provide appropriate responses to the problem of street children?

Pattern and practice of psychoactive substance abuse and risky behaviours among street children in Cameroon

Background. Cameroon is among other developing countries reported to be facing an increasing problem of street children involved in drug abuse and other harmful behaviours. Although there are some government efforts to intervene, little is known about the extent of psychoactive substance abuse and the related behaviours among street children in Cameroon. The information is critical to support policy formulation and the implementation of interventions to tackle this problem. Objective. To document the pattern and practice of psychoactive substance abuse and the related risky behaviours among street children in three cities in Cameroon. Methods. This study was an analytical cross-sectional survey conducted by the administration of questionnaires to 399 street children who had been homeless for at least a month in three cities of Cameroon during 2015. Results. All 399 participants reported that they were using some psychoactive substance at the time of the survey. The preferred substances were alcohol (45.9%), tobacco (28.8%), volatiles (11.5%) and cannabis (10.3%). Girls were more predisposed to sex work for survival than boys ( p <0.000), with the majority of the participants reporting to have had unprotected sex after using any drug or consuming alcohol (93.98%). In most cases, the pattern and practice of psychoactive substance abuse were higher in the cities of Douala and Yaounde than in Bamenda. The participants reported that the substances were readily available from street vendors. Conclusion. The results revealed that the level of psychoactive substance abuse is very high among street children, especially boys, in all three cities. Efforts to prevent and rehabilitate street children from abusing psychoactive substances are required. The government, roleplayers, decision-makers, the ministry of trade and industry and all stakeholders working with street children should consider working together in order to improve the quality of life for street children in Cameroon

Pola Etnografi Komunikasi Anak Jalanan Kota Bandar Lampung

Street children are an asset to the country. The problem of street children in the State of Indonesia is not just in the economic, environmental and educational inequality matters, but also in the national pride that must be maintained. Street children are a problem in every city, without exception in the city of Bandar Lampung. Many things can cause a child becoming street children. One of the reasons is the economic factor. Some cases explain that a street child actually directed by his parents to sing and beg in order to ease the economic burden of the family. Of course this is not good for the development of children’s education. Starting from the concept of the mapped problems of street children, this study focuses on perspective of socio-cultural. Ethnography of Communication Theory is a guide to map out this concept. Ethnography of communication patterns of children are begging and singing by not giving share and giving share to the individual/ specific thugs; begging and singing intentionally or unintentionally by using others as an attraction; and begging and singing intentionally or unintentionally by exploiting weaknesses/physical disability.

Street Children in Butwal Municipality: A Case Study

There is ever existence of homeless, poor, orphaned, abandoned and working children in the world. In the traditional societies, those children were absorbed by the extended family or other are said to be' street children'. Street children are the products of so called modern, social and economic systems. Unless the systems are revised properly, the problem of street children would remain as it is. Nevertheless, they have a right to safety, shelter, and the other basic necessities of life. Therefore, state and development parlers need to show obligations to design and implement relevant and functional forms of interventions. This article looks at the situations of street children in Butwal municipality and presents a short glimpse of the problem.

Difficulties and Problems of Street Children

Difficulties and Problems of Street Children

A study of nutritional status and common health problems of street children in Bikaner, Rajasthan, India

Background: Millions of children throughout the world live on street. These are amongst the most deprived and usually have no access to health care or education. The study aims to assess the nutritional status and to identify common health problems among street children in Bikaner, Rajasthan, India . Methods: In this cross sectional study, conducted in designated slum areas of Bikaner (Rajasthan),a predetermined questionnaire was used to record various factors to assess their health problem, daily income, source of food, clothes, water, place of sleeping and toilet, educational status, immunization status, bad habits, psychological problems etc. Anthropometric measurements (weight and height) were taken to assess malnutrition among street children. Results: Ninety eight percent of children were Hindu and 2% were Muslims. Eighty percent of street children were illiterate. No street child had history of sexual abuse in our study group. 41.5% children had normal nutritional status, while 35.5, 15.5, 6.5% and 1% children were suffering from PEM grade I, II, III and IV respectively. Most common health problems among street children was acute respiratory infection (32%) and 2% children had anemia, skin problems, diarrhea, abdominal pain, worm infestation, dental caries, convulsion, injury, jaundice, tuberculosis, and musculoskeletal pains . Conclusions: The possible cause for PEM and health related problems in street children were extreme poverty, illiteracy, lack of Water and Sanitation facilities, exposure to polluted environment, lack of proper immunization and lack of knowledge to clinic site.

The Development Model of Street Girls Empowerment in Surabaya

Street children do not have a solid mental emotional yet, but they have to deal with a tough street world, competitive, and tends to affect negatively to the development of their personality. The presence of the street children on the streets are not only motivated by economic factor, but also influenced by the disharmony in the role and functions of the family and the influence of the social environment. The empowerment of street children that has been done by the shelter was not yet carried out effectively. This study aims to identify problems that are experienced by street girls, to describe efforts to overcome the problems experienced by street girls, and to develop a model of empowerment for street girl in Surabaya who do not occupy a shelter. This study used a qualitative method, where data is collected through participation observation and in-depth interviews. The data were analyzed using qualitative analysis model of Miles and Huberman. The problems of street children were often experienced by girls, such as violence. Then, the problems led to survival mechanisms. In addition, the emerging imitation behavior as a response to the behavior that directed to them. The parents also play a role in the process of social control. The empowerment model that designed is the empowerment of education through the revitalization of the family. Additionally, creating access to formal education for the street girl through scholarships mechanism. Life skills education needs to be strengthened to improve the welfare of living. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2016.v7n1p562

Phenomena of Street Children Life in Juba, the Capital of South Sudan, a Problem Attributed to Long Civil War in Sudan

Introduction: In the recent years Juba the capital of South Sudan has been experiencing the problem of street children, a problem attributed to long civil war in the Sudan, current economic crisis and the current political conflict which started on 15th December 2013. According to UNICEF(Sweitzland 1983), a street child is “ Any girl or boy who has not reached adulthood for whom the street has become her or his habitual abode or source of livelihood and who is inadequately protected ,supervised or directed by irresponsible adult.” Methodology: The study took place in Juba city in the five major markets namely, Konyo konyo, Juba, Jebel, Custom and Munuki. It targeted children within the age of 6-17 years of age. The study was done by cross sectional design. The methods of data collection were questionnaires and interviews. The sample size was 120 and the data was analyzed by Excel program. Results: The findings were 55% were within the age of 10-14, 70% were boys,41.7% had both parents alive, 40% hadfamilies comprising of 6-10 members, 38.3% do minor business, 55.8% come from urban area, 54.2% sleep at home , 28.3% earn living by selling wares, 37.5% obtained food by buying, 30.8% used their money on family expense, 40% of them were School drop outs, 23.3% sniff glue, 59.2% go to the public hospital for treatment, 56.7% do not have knowledge about HIV/AIDS, 30% of the street children felt that the public do not like them, 43.3% of the street children said their life on the street was tough,44.2% of the street children were responsible for themselves and47.5% of the street children were on the street in search for employment. Limitations: The study was faced with limitations such as consent. Conclusion: Majority of the street children are male within the age of 10-14 years and originally from urban areas, with extended families of low socio-economic status. The highest percentages of the children go to the street for employment purpose, followed by parental loss, child abuse, strict regulations at home and commitment of offence. They survive by engaging in works such as selling wares, shoe shining, collecting rubbish, collecting empty battles for re-use by local beverage makers, washing cars, and others beg or steal, They face a lot of problems such as drop out from school, drugs abuse, feeding themselves by left over from restaurants and some sleep hungry, they experience inhuman treatment such as torture, rape and arrest by police. The government in collaboration with NGOs should create employment opportunities to the people, establish enough rehabilitation and correction centres, schools and health centres, campaign for the rights of street children rights, commemorate ‘Street children’s Day’(January 31st ) and empower street children by providing outreach education, training, food and health services.

Alcohol and drug use and other high-risk behaviors among youth in the slums of Kampala, Uganda: Perceptions and contexts obtained through focus groups

Swahn, M., Haberlen, M., &amp; Palmier, J. (2014). Alcohol and drug use and other high-risk behaviors among youth in the slums of Kampala, Uganda: Perceptions and contexts obtained through focus groups. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 3(4), 289-295. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v3i4.171Aims: The study seeks to determine perceptions of and contexts for risky behaviors among street and slum youth in Kampala, through focus groups.Design: Three 90-minute focus groups were conducted in Luganda (local language) to ask specific questions on alcohol and drug-related behaviors among youth in the slums.Setting: Uganda Youth Development Link drop-in centers for disadvantaged youth in Kampala.Participants: 31 participants, aged 14 to 24 years.Measures: The focus group probes were based on the World Health Organization report “Working With Street Children: Module 5: Determining the Needs and Problems of Street Children—A Training Package on Substance Use, Sexual and Reproductive Health Including HIV/AIDS and STDs.”Findings: Results show that these youth engage in a number of risky behaviors, including alcohol and drug abuse, fighting and weapon carrying, delinquency, prostitution and unsafe sexual behaviors.Conclusions: The study provides context for risky behaviors in this population, which can provide useful insights and help to guide resource allocation and intervention planning for services that seek to reduce adverse health outcomes in this vulnerable population, particularly those related to alcohol and drug use.

Alcohol and drug use and other high-risk behaviors among youth in the slums of Kampala, Uganda: Perceptions and contexts obtained through focus groups

Swahn, M., Haberlen, M., &amp; Palmier, J. (2014). Alcohol and drug use and other high-risk behaviors among youth in the slums of Kampala, Uganda: Perceptions and contexts obtained through focus groups. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 3(4), 289-295. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v3i4.171Aims: The study seeks to determine perceptions of and contexts for risky behaviors among street and slum youth in Kampala, through focus groups.Design: Three 90-minute focus groups were conducted in Luganda (local language) to ask specific questions on alcohol and drug-related behaviors among youth in the slums.Setting: Uganda Youth Development Link drop-in centers for disadvantaged youth in Kampala.Participants: 31 participants, aged 14 to 24 years.Measures: The focus group probes were based on the World Health Organization report “Working With Street Children: Module 5: Determining the Needs and Problems of Street Children—A Training Package on Substance Use, Sexual and Reproductive Health Including HIV/AIDS and STDs.”Findings: Results show that these youth engage in a number of risky behaviors, including alcohol and drug abuse, fighting and weapon carrying, delinquency, prostitution and unsafe sexual behaviors.Conclusions: The study provides context for risky behaviors in this population, which can provide useful insights and help to guide resource allocation and intervention planning for services that seek to reduce adverse health outcomes in this vulnerable population, particularly those related to alcohol and drug use.

Land Use Correlates of Street Children in Ogbomoso, Nigeria

Following the observation of the increasing incidence of street children phenomenon in Nigerian urban centers, this study examines the relationship between land use and street children in Ogbomoso. Data on the incidence of street children were obtained through the method of direct counting which was done on four different days of the week within defined Data Delineated Areas (DDAs) purposively selected across the residential zones of the city. The study employs z scores to compare the intensity of the problem across the selected DDAs. Data were also analyzed using pie chart, bar chart, graph and percentages. The study reveals that the incidence and categories of street children vary with land uses. It recommends, therefore that urban planners, governments, as well as individuals, have roles to play in proffering solutions to the menace. It also calls for more research works on the problem of street children.