Problem Of Segregation Research Articles

Правосудие, власть и политика по отношению к цветному населению в американском регионе «Солнечный пояс». Рецензия на коллективную монографию: Caging Borders and Carceral States: Incarcerations, Immigration Detentions, and Resistance / edited by Robert T. Chase. – Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2019. – 427 p.

The work is devoted to the analysis of a collection prepared by a group of American researchers on the historical past and present of the situation of Hispanic population in the United States of America, which raises the problem of segregation of Hispanics at the federal level. In the 21st century, ethnic Hispanics are becoming one of the largest population groups in the United States, and Spanish is the second most widely used language after English in this country, which makes the issue raised in the monograph under review very relevant. The authors of the collection focused their research on the features of segregation of Latin Americans in the states of the Sunbelt, thereby clearly limiting the regional scope of their research. By their publications, they prove that the southern states of the United States have turned into carceral states for Latin Americans.

Cost comparison between reinforced concrete moment resistant gantry system and reinforced concrete industrialized structural wall system

The system of porticoes resistant to moments of reinforced concrete is a set of beams and columns connected by means of knots that allows the generation of adequate spaces with facility before changes by the same users, whereas the industrialized system of structural walls of reinforced concrete, they are used for numerous, repetitive and of low price real estate, but they are completely immobile and in some occasions with problems of segregation and anthills. In this research work, a comparative study of the costs and budgets of the two proposed structural systems of the building was carried out in order to determine the structural system with the lowest costs and execution times, showing the results in explanatory graphs.

Preparation for polyacrylic acid modified by ester group in side chain and its application as viscosity enhancing agent in polycarboxylate superplasticizer system

The problem of bleeding and segregation in high fluidity concrete can be eliminated by the addition of viscosity-enhancing agents (VEA). However, the dispersion capacity of PCE would be perturbed by the addition of VEA. In most cases, this negative impact was due to competitive adsorption between VEA and PCE. In order to mitigate the negative impact, ester groups were introduced to reduce the adsorption capacity, and one new kind of viscosity-enhancing agents was designed; the polymers were copolymerized of acrylic acid (AA) and 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA), with 1:1 and 1:8 M ratios of AA and HEA. And then, the effect of these two VEAs on rheology of cement paste plasticized by PCE at 5 min and 30 min were studied. Adsorption behavior was analyzed by total organic carbon (TOC), and the zeta potential was also measured. The conformation of the polymers in liquid phase were analyzed by dynamic light scattering (DLS). And the decomposition of ester group under alkaline condition was verified by FTIR and 1HNMR. The results indicated that the synthesized VEA could plasticize cement paste, and the reason was that VEA could be adsorbed by cement grains and act as the same role as the first-generation superplasticizer. The plasticizing capacity was increased over time, because the adsorption capacity was enhanced due to the released carboxyl groups from the decomposition of ester groups. Furthermore, from 5 min to 30 min, the decomposition of ester group could increase the conformation size of VEA by producing crosslinking in the presence of Ca2+, and the crosslinking act as positive role in increasing viscosity and resist the bleeding and segregation. Moreover, it was observed that VEA had negative impact on dispersion capacity of PCE, and the higher density of ester group resulted in lower negative impact at the beginning; one reason for this was because the higher density of ester group showed lower competitive adsorption capacity. Such results offered one new type of VEA available for superplasticizer system.

Education privatization in the United States: Increasing saturation and segregation

This article outlines different forms of education privatization operating globally, examines their prevalence within the United States, and analyzes whether student marginalization and segregation occurs at the local level. We analyze six U.S. districts with higher saturation levels of charter schools, the most predominant type of privatization (Camden, NJ, Washington DC, Flint, MI, Detroit, MI, Natomas, CA, and Oakland, CA). We find education privatization increasing in the US, but unevenly dispersed, with charter schools concentrated primarily in urban areas serving students of color. Furthermore, segregation in education remains a major issue for all types of schools, with students of color in urban contexts often attending intensely segregated schools (over 90% students of color). Instead of mitigating the segregation problem, student selection by charter school appears to exacerbate it, specifically for special education students.

Effect of Silicone Oil on Dispersion and Low-Temperature Fracture Performance of Crumb Rubber Asphalt

Low-temperature cracking is one of the major pavement distresses in cold regions. To reduce the prevalence of such cracks, crumb rubber modified asphalt (CRMA) has been applied for a long time. However, CRMA experiences compatibility and segregation problems with asphalt. Silicone oil has long been seen to improve compatibility and segregation problems of polymers in asphalt, but its benefits on low temperature performance of crumb rubber asphalt have not been explored. Furthermore, silicone oil can be obtained as virgin or recycled from industrial transformers; however, the recycled silicone oil’s influence on low-temperature crack performance of asphalt has also not been explored. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of recycled silicone oil (SO) on dispersion and low-temperature fracture performance of crumb rubber asphalt. The fracture mechanics-based single-edge notch beam (SENB) test was performed at temperatures of −12°C, −18°C, and −24°C. In addition, fluorescence microscopy (FM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) experiments were also conducted. Results show that the addition of SO to CRMA increases displacement, fracture energy, and fracture toughness at low temperature while it decreases stiffness which reduces cracking. In addition, AFM results show that surface roughness increases with the addition of SO which indicates that bonding of asphalt and rubber particles had also improved. FM also confirmed that dispersion of rubber particles had improved with addition of silicone oil. FTIR results revealed that asphalt samples with SO treatment were hydrophobic which potentially repels water ingress and delays the freezing of asphalt. Lastly, statistical analysis revealed that the influence of silicone oil on low-temperature performance of rubber asphalt was significant. Therefore, the study concluded that fracture cracking resistance is improved by addition of silicone oil to crumb rubber asphalt.

Novel Multicomponent Powders from the AlCrFeMnMo Family Synthesized by Mechanical Alloying

High‐entropy alloys (HEAs) and multicomponent alloys are known for their promising properties and the almost infinite possibilities of the design of new compositions. The Al–Cr–Fe–Mn–Mo family of HEAs is chosen to promote the formation of a body‐centered cubic (bcc) structure that exhibits high hardness and yield strength. Powder metallurgy is preferred to the liquid route to avoid segregation problems. Two compositions of alloyed powder, equiatomic and optimized, are successfully prepared by mechanical alloying. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) indicates the formation of two major bcc phases: bcc#1 (a1 = 3.13–3.14 Å) and bcc#2 (a2 = 2.87–2.94 Å). Energy transferred during milling depends greatly on the milling device and process conditions. Scanning electron microscopy–energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDX) images reveal that high‐energy shocks of balls enable to elaborate homogeneous powder with controlled Fe contamination coming from the grinding vial and balls, whereas low‐energy shocks enable to produce powder free of contamination by Fe, with heterogeneous particles. Finally, the milling process is optimized to obtain a homogeneous alloyed powder with as little contamination as possible.

Propagação de jamboleiro [<i>Syzygium cumini</i> (L.) Skeels] por alporquia

O jamboleiro propaga-se geralmente por sementes, sendo este método inviável, devido aos problemas de segregação genética e pelo longo período que as plantas levam para alcançar a idade reprodutiva. Desta forma, o desenvolvimento de protocolo para propagação vegetativa desta espécie por meio da alporquia se torna alternativa importante a ser testada. Assim, o trabalho teve por objetivo analisar o uso de algodão, época de realização dos alporques, concentração de auxina e tipo de embalagem para a propagação de jamboleiro [Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels] por alporquia. Para tanto, utilizou-se delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso, esquema fatorial 4 x 3 x 3 x 2 (época do ano x concentração de AIB x tipo de revestimento x presença ou ausência de algodão), com três repetições com cinco alporques. Após 180 dias da implantação do experimento, seguindo cada época de realização, foram mensuradas a porcentagem de calos nos ramos alporcados, o número e comprimento médio das três maiores raízes (cm) e a percentagem de enraizamento. Verificou-se que a estação do ano teve influência significativa no enraizamento dos alporques com as maiores médias no outono e inverno (33,22% e 31,34%, respectivamente). A alporquia em jamboleiro deve ser feita aplicando-se AIB a 4000 mg L-1 com uso do algodão e papel-alumínio como revestimento nas estações do outono e inverno.

An Intrinsic Photothermal Liquid for Light Detection and Energy Storage.

Photothermal materials (PTMs) have been intensively investigated in the fields of photothermal conversion. Superior to solid PTMs, liquid PTMs are leading the trends in satisfying the demands of high flexibility and easy recycling. Successful examples of liquid PTMs are mostly formulated by dispersing solid PTMs in solvents, but suffer from the problems of phase segregation and solvent pollution. In this work, a low-cost formulation is proposed, which involves an oxidative product of ethyl oleate by iodine. It is an intrinsic liquid PTM, preserving the fluidic nature as well as possessing considerable ability for photothermal conversion. In addition to understanding the mechanism of light absorption in the visible and even near infrared windows, two examples are presented to demonstrate the great potential of liquid PTMs in broad areas such as light sensing and energy storage.

Between State and Family: Discussion on the Segregation and Integration of the Daily Living Space within Shanghai Historic Lane Neighborhood

Based on the phenomenon of social segregation that commonly appears in contemporary cities, the article points out the peculiar problem of adjacent segregation that currently occurs in the historic lane neighborhood of Shanghai. By discussing the dialectical relation between adjacent segregation and mixed habitation, it indicates physical proximity does not necessarily result in social mix. After that, by taking the lane neighborhood in Hongkou creek area as the research object, the article streamlines its historical transition. Meanwhile, through the measurements of community cognitive domain and daily spatial utilization pattern, the article explores residents’ perception of ‘three discrepant worlds’ of Hongkou creek area. Then, by confirming the social value of daily living space, the article summarizes the organization mechanism on account of community cohesion from the perspective of the state and the family. Finally, it concludes that the maintenance of daily living space on the material level and the support of community empowerment on the social level are a viable solution for the historic lane neighborhood to redress the adjacent segregation and unify public space against the context of rapid urbanization.

New mass flow limiting lines based on segregation pattern and magnitude

Mass flow, by definition, means all of the mass in a hopper will move when some material is discharged from the outlet. Mass flow has been the recommended means to solve segregation issues. This generally works under conditions where the segregation pattern is radial and when the process operation is nearly steady state flow into and out of the hopper. If the segregation pattern is either axial or radial, but the mode of operation is to fill followed by completely emptying the bin, then segregation can easily be an issue – even in mass flow designs. Segregation prevention is all about velocity control, and matching the velocity to the segregation pattern and mode of operation.Ideally, one would like to estimate segregation using easily measured flow properties, segregation potential tests, and a description of the process geometry. This paper looks at a method of predicting segregation problems using flow properties like wall friction angle and effective internal friction angles coupled with the radial stress theory to compute the expected velocity profiles in a variety of process geometries. Using slope stability models, one can also relate the cascade behavior of cohesive material down a pile or slope. Imposing radial stress velocity profiles and cascade velocity profiles in a bin or hopper, then using particle tracking techniques, one can compute the time at which any particle in any portion of the bin might exit the system. Furthermore, imposing a measured segregation profile on the material initially placed in the bin, and then tracking groups of particles with an assigned segregation concentration through the bin, can help determine when and how segregated material might exit the bin. Doing enough of these calculations for a range of wall friction angles and hopper slope values, the velocity profile can be related to the segregation intensity exiting the bin as a function of these two variables. Since these two variables also determine the propensity for mass flow, this analysis can relate mass flow to segregation tendency for material subject to a filling and discharge mode of operation. Selection of an optimal mass flow design would then depend on the segregation pattern and the desired segregation intensity the process can live with.Applying this methodology to a conical hopper suggests that a material prone to segregation will segregate significantly in a funnel flow design. This is to be expected. However, this work also indicates that mass flow bins, when filled and then emptied completely, may experience significant segregation if the hopper walls are designed with traditional mass flow limits in mind. This work suggests that mass flow hoppers must be considerably steeper to mitigate segregation effects for a fill-then-empty mode of operation.

A Statistical Study of the Average Wages in the Republic of Belarus from a Gender-Focused Perspective

The article presents an overview of the labour market in the Republic of Belarus, taking into account the gender factor. Indeed, the labour market of any state has a certain level of gender segregation and to reliably assess this phenomenon, first of all, it is necessary to develop a better understanding of the emerging patterns and trends in the dynamics of the core statistical indicators, and of what processes reduce or fuel gender asymmetry. The author carried out a statistical study on the wage levels of employed in the economy of the Republic of Belarus, and a comparative analysis of its average values for men and women. Despite the fact that the right to work and equal remuneration for men and women are enshrined in law, the problem of gender segregation in the labour market remains relevant. The effective solution of issues of gender inequality is impossible without taking into account the existing gender issues in the country and the main trends reflected in statistical indicators. The author applies statistical methodology of socio-economic analysis to show manifestations of gender inequality in its various forms, for example, hiring discrimination against women, gender pay gap, gender asymmetry in the distribution of workers between economic sectors and activities. Methods of variance analysis serve as a basis to study the relationship between the type of economic activity which employs Belarusian men and women and the level of average wages. Objective statistics suggests that the differences between men and women are often due not so much to biological factors as to social conditions (demands and development of culture, norms of society, etc.). Disclosing wage problems with statistical means, the author argues that gender equality acts not only as a goal but also as an essential means of achieving sustainable development, which is impossible without modernizing existing political and socio-economic mechanisms.

Meta-governance and the segregated city: difficulties with realizing the participatory ethos in network governance – evidence from Malmö City, Sweden

ABSTRACT Efforts to strategically implement governance reforms have become a common way in which to deal with complex social and political issues. The analysis presented in this article addresses recent governance reforms in Malmö, Sweden, that are intended to help resolve complex problems of urban segregation and social inequality. The article identifies important difficulties that have been encountered in promoting increased participation in spite of the great awareness on the part of local actors of the problems facing the community. The study brings forth evidence that there are good reasons for reassessing the inclusive ethos of network governance and for a critical investigation of precisely who gains access to political processes when network governance arrangements are implemented from above.

Porosity Alteration of Carbonates by CO<sub>2</sub>-Enriched Brine Injection

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is considered one of the main gases that cause global warming. In this perspective, its injection in aquifers and oil and gas reservoirs has been a possible alternative to reduce its emission in the atmosphere. An alternative strategy in which CO2 is used efficiently in the Oil Industry is the Carbonated Water Injection (CWI), where the carbon dioxide is injected through the reservoir dissolved in the brine, eliminating problems of gravitational segregation and low sweeping efficiency present in other gas injection methods. Once injected, the fluid may react with the carbonate rock and inducing their dissolution, causing changes in the petrophysical properties of the rock. This work investigated changes in the average porosity of carbonate samples from Brazilian reservoir through a dynamic flow test with enriched brine with 100% CO2 injection under high pressure and high temperature conditions and simulating a region around the face of the injector well, with an injection pressure of 8,500 psi, a temperature of 70 °C and a flow rate of 2cm3/min. The core-flooding experimental setup includes two coreholders arranged in series with samples confined in its interior, which are swept by X-ray Computed Tomography (CT), taking measurements of average porosity data. The results showed that there was dissolution in the sample assembled in the first coreholder since the porosity had increased, while in the second, no significant alterations of the porosity were observed (around 8.5% of its initial value). This observation can still be confirmed by the analysis of the dissolved moles, which exhibit behavior similar to the porosity, indicating that some minerals actually suffered dissolution from the injection of carbonated brine.

English

Multispectral images are the types of images which consist of many different bands of data for further processing. Vegetation Indexing has Different bands which are combined in the multispectral images and are used to accentuate the vegetated areas. In this one combination is most commonly used LIKE Ratio Vegetation Indexing (RVI). But using UAV imagery this problem has been solved because in UAV the area covered or captured by the cameras would be very wide so that the whole plot or crop can be viewed or captured from the UAV imagery. Legion is a Model used to do Scene Analysis Task, Image Segmentation, Object Selection and Speech Segregation. In this Research work we used the Legion Network approach to Detect or Segregate the Unwanted Crops or Weed to increase the crop productivity by Detecting or Segregating the Unwanted Crops or Weed. We used UAVDJI Phantom 4 having RGB Sensor and Tetracam NIR Sensor to collect the data set. Then we used ImageJ and MATLAB for applying Legion Model algorithm to process and analyze the multidimensional images using linear differential equations which solves the correlation problem of synchronization and Segregation of UAV based crop images to Detect the Unwanted crops

Replication-Coupled DNA Repair

The replisome quickly and accurately copies billions of DNA bases each cell division cycle. However, it can make errors, especially when the template DNA is damaged. In these cases, replication-coupled repair mechanisms remove the mistake or repair the template lesions to ensure high fidelity and complete copying of the genome. Failures in these genome maintenance activities generate mutations, rearrangements, and chromosome segregation problems that cause many human diseases. In this review, I provide a broad overview of replication-coupled repair pathways, explaining how they fix polymerase mistakes, respond to template damage that acts as obstacles to the replisome, deal with broken forks, and impact human health and disease.

A NEW DIGITAL ART GAME: THE ART OF THE FUTURE

The task of this study is to create an innovative digital art game of contemporary aesthetics on the basis of research. Research implies the analysis of digital art games and the historical background of their aesthetics, as well as their classification following the stylistic trends. Digital games have a great potential to integrate people into fields that would otherwise not meet their interest. The new game would develop the creative skills of players and teach them the current trends in digital art. The game would project the inheritance of art from the age of modernism into the digital world by teaching the player to recognize it (for instance, pixel aesthetics is a successor to cubism and constructivism). The new game will let its user play around with the trends in digital art such as vaporwave, glitch and others, and to create new ones. Thus, it would deal with the problem of knowledge cache and cultural segregation that characterizes modern art: being an esoteric subject to a great extent, it is difficult to access a large segment of the public. The aim of this study is to raise the interest of a wide-ranging public for contemporary art and to point out the newest creative tendencies in art. The paper presents an overview of digital art games, introduces a novel term, vaporwave, that has not been registered in the art game discourse so far, and offers an updated definition of the art game. The Design Science Research method is used in order to cross-cut such remote fields as the general public and the arthouse world, codes of modern art and the taste of the general public.

High-density concrete: Exploring Ferro boron effects in neutron and gamma radiation shielding

Abstract Aimed to reduce neutron and gamma radiation, this study examined the shielding capability of high-density concretes mixed with Ferro boron in different proportions (25%, 50%, and 75%) replacing granite aggregate, denoted as 25FB, 50FB, and 75FB, respectively, with control specimen designated as CC. The concretes performance was evaluated in terms of mechanical and radiation shielding properties. Cement content, water-cement ratio, and maximum nominal size of aggregates were kept as constant. In general, workability and density reduced and enhanced, respectively, with Ferro boron increment. The increment in concrete strength was achieved with 25FB and 50FB, while 75FB mix experienced a strength reduction due to the segregation problem. Ferro boron concrete showed better radiation shielding, where 25FB, 50FB, and 75FB shielded transmission of neutron and gamma 2, 2.57, and 3.27 times as well as 1.35, 1.72, and 2.92 times, respectively, better than CC. Hence, these findings conclusively show that the increase in the Ferro boron content has progressively increased the shielding properties of the concrete, with notable caution against high inclusion of Ferro boron due to a counter-productive outcome in strength.

School segregation: A realist’s view

The nation’s greatest anti-racist education policy — school desegregation — has proven no match for the adaptations of institutionalized racism. Over the last 40 years, school segregation has evolved and reemerged in housing patterns, school zoning policy, and curricular tracking. This has led to calls for new solutions to the problem of racial segregation in schools. Is it possible, however, that the pursuit of such solutions is a form of avoidance, an unwillingness to face the intractable nature of institutionalized racism? Jerry Rosiek considers the power of pessimism about racial justice as a stance for educators in an era of resegregating schools.

Introduction

This chapter provides an introduction to the research. The research topic and the research aspects are briefly introduced. The changing role of the architect in the field of bridge design is analysed in an historical context. The role of the commissioning authorities is introduced. The problem of segregation of knowledge is introduced. The objectives and research questions are stated, a hypothesis is formulated and the methodology is discussed. Furthermore, an outline of the dissertation is provided.

GENDER DIFFERENCES OF THE EMOTIONAL SPHERE OF STUDENTS

The article sheds light on the problem of gender segregation of the emotional sphere of students. The concepts of masculinity, femininity, androgyny are analyzed.There are outlined the functional peculiarities of the manifestation of gender differences in the cognitive and emotional sphere of a person, namely: emotional memory and emotional intellect, expressiveness and a tendency to experience positive and negative basic emotions. Dependence of gender differences from age is noted: the older the age group, the more distinct the gender differences are.Results of the empirical study of the students of the National Aviation University by S. Bem's method "Masculinity-femininity" and the method of diagnostics of emotionality V.М. Rusalova showed that the manifestation of student emotions is mainly determined by their gender identity. Among the respondents the androgynuos students who successfully combine both femininity and masculinity prevail. Thanks to this combination of feminine and male characteristic, adaptability and sustainability in social contacts increase. Students' emotionality was also studied and it was found that the majority of respondents have low psychomotor emotional indexes, that is, they exhibit low sensitivity (indifference), a sense of tranquility, self-confidence in the performance of physical work, lack of anxiety in case of non-fulfillment or poor implementation. The resulting average of intellectual and communicative emotions indicates a slight emotional experience and anxiety about the discrepancy between the expected and realistic result of mental stress and communication failures. With the help of established correlation relationships, it has been experimentally proved that feminine students have average indicators of general emotionality, while masculine ones are low. This is evidence of the important influence of the psychological sex of people on their manifestations of emotions in the process of life.