Public Transport Problems Research Articles

Peranan Penggunaan Transportasi Publik di Perkotaan (Studi Kasus Penggunaan Kereta Commuterline Indonesia Rute Jakarta-Bekasi)

Public transport is an important means of development for life. The importance of transportation is reflected in the increasing need for transportation services for human mobility and goods as a result of the increasing population growth and the development of settlements in big cities. One type of transportation that can be used as an alternative to overcome the problems of public transportation needs above is the train. Trains that are a means of transportation with many advantages such as low pollution, free of traffic, bulk, cheaper cost, and also save time.With the various advantages possessed by the train above, is expected to be a consideration in order to become an increasingly complex solution of transportation problems in urban areas.

Separation of cycle inequalities in periodic timetabling

Cycle inequalities play an important role in the polyhedral study of the periodic timetabling problem in public transport. We give the first pseudo-polynomial time separation algorithm for cycle inequalities, and we contribute a rigorous proof for the pseudo-polynomial time separability of the change-cycle inequalities. Moreover, we provide several NP-completeness results, indicating that pseudo-polynomial time is best possible. The efficiency of these cutting planes is demonstrated on real-world instances of the periodic timetabling problem.

Effects of Free-Floating Shared Bicycles on Urban Public Transportation

As a product of the development of the Internet and the sharing economy, shared bicycles are beneficial in solving the last mile problem of public transportation for urban residents and expanding the service area of urban public transportation to a certain extent. This paper analyses the spatial-temporal characteristics of shared bicycles in the city of Beijing by using kernel density estimation and statistical analysis methods. The maximum coverage location problem model is used to quantify the effects of shared bicycles on the subway and bus urban public transportation systems. The analysis results are of great importance to identify the effects of shared bicycle usage on an urban bus public transportation system from the view of space-time. The results show that (1) shared bicycles are largely located within 1.5 km from the subway station and 500 m from the bus stations; (2) the number of the shared bicycle usage changes along with the distance from the subway and bus stations; (3) subway and bus stations are divided into six types based on the sink-source characteristics of shared bicycles; (4) the service areas of subway and bus stations are expanded by approximately 2.34 and 1.33 times, respectively, after the implementation of shared bicycles.

Big data in public transportation: a review of sources and methods

ABSTRACTThe collection of big data, as an alternative to traditional resource-intensive manual data collection approaches, has become significantly more feasible over the past decade. The availability of such data, coupled with more sophisticated predictive statistical techniques, has contributed to an increase in attention towards the application of these data, particularly for transportation analysis. Within the transportation literature, there is a growing emphasis on developing sources of commonly collected public transportation data into more powerful analytical tools. A commonly held belief is that application of big data to transportation problems will yield new insights previously unattainable through traditional transportation data sets. However, there exist many ambiguities related to what constitutes big data, the ethical implications of big data collection and application, and how to best utilize the emerging data sets. The existing literature exploring big data provides no clear and consistent definition. While the collection of big data has grown and its application in both research and practice continues to expand, there is a significant disparity between methods of analysis applied to such data. This paper summarizes the recent literature on sources of big data and commonly applied methods used in its application to public transportation problems. We assess predominant big data sources, most frequently studied topics, and methodologies employed. The literature suggests smart card and automated data are the two big data sources most frequently used by researchers to conduct public transit analyses. The studies reviewed indicate that big data has largely been used to understand transit users’ travel behavior and to assess public transit service quality. The techniques reported in the literature largely mirror those used with smaller data sets. The application of more advanced statistical methods, commonly associated with big data, has been limited to a small number of studies. In order to fully capture the value of big data, new approaches to analysis will be necessary.

Decision Support System in Public Transport Planning for Promoting Urban Adaptation to Climate Change

Current land use policy in developed countries result in many new constructions sites and urban development. Depending on the geodesign solutions, newly developed areas may influence their citizens to use private or public transport. Therefore, to design more resilient and eco-friendly neighbourhoods, it is important to incorporate public transport planning at the early stage of urban planning. In order to promote urban adaptation to climate change it is crucial to activate citizens to participate in decisions making process related to the common space and available facilities. Suitable for this purpose are the right tools for the presentation of various design solutions. This group of tools is called decision support systems. The aim of the research is verification of the suitability of the use of decision support system (CommunityViz) for public transport planning at the level for a master plan (local planning). The paper presents the possibility of using the CommunityViz system to create various scenarios of accessible public transport. Simulations were performed on the newly designed housing area in San Sebastian (Spain). The designed model for the neighbourhood was used during the workshop with citizens of San Sebastian, to incorporate their knowledge as local experts. Based on the master plan, three scenarios of bus stops location were proposed. The dynamic model enabled to assess how many citizens may probably live in acceptable distance to bus stops, which may reflect the number of people for whom public transport may be an attractive solution for transportation needs. The results showed high usefulness of the analyzed decision support system to solve the problem of public transport designing. Intuitive graphical presentation makes different variants clearly identified by all stakeholder groups.

Solving a stochastic multi-objective and multi-period hub location problem considering economic aspects by meta-heuristics: application in public transportation

In this paper, a multi-objective scenario based mathematical model is presented for the capacitated hub location problem in public transportation considering economic and investment aspects. Three objective functions are regarded in the presented mathematical model. The first one aims to minimise the total costs considering the possibility of investing the unused budget at each period. The second one aims to minimise the total processing time in the hub network at each period. The last one aims to minimise the maximum distance between each pair of origin-destination nodes in the network. To solve the model, three multi-objective meta-heuristic algorithms are developed, namely S metric selection evolutionary multi-objective optimisation algorithm (SMS-EMOA), multi-objective imperialist competitive algorithm (MOICA) and non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II). Finally, developed algorithms are compared to each other based on several comparison measures using a relatively novel statistical approach.

Research on Spatial Arrangement of Metro Station Floor Facilities Based on Pathfinder

The process of China's large-scale urbanization is constantly advancing, and public transportation problems are increasingly prominent. In recent years, major cities have been building subways. The advantages of the subway, such as fast and low carbon, have become an important means for large cities to solve urban public transportation. With the development of urban subway construction technology and operation scale and the continuous improvement of people's safety concept, the problem of evacuation of people in emergencies such as fires has increasingly aroused people's understanding. In order to explore the influence of the location of the facility space on the station floor to the evacuation of people in the event of an emergency, this paper optimizes the analysis of the traffic facilities such as the automatic ticket gate and the guide railing in the public area of the subway based on the pathfinder evacuation software. The location of the facility space at the station floor of the subsequent construction has been actively assisted. The simulation results show that the opening of the guide rail at the gate and the entrance and exit of the security inspection has a restraining effect on the evacuation of personnel; the spatial arrangement of the subway gate has a significant impact on the evacuation of personnel, and the layout of the distributed gates is not correct. The personnel at the exit of the escalator caused blockages, which was better than the centralized arrangement.

Karakteristik Moda Angkutan Umum Berbasis Online Di Jakarta Selatan

South Jakarta as the center of residential and economic activities in Jakarta, experienced population growth every year. The increasing population of Jakarta Selatan resulted in an increase in various needs, such as the need for mobilization. The need for mobilization is supported by the transportation in South Jakarta in the form of private vehicles and public transportations. Along with the technology development, the information technology began to be applied in public transport as a solution to the problem of congestion and the problem of conventional public transport. The main purpose of this research is to determine the characteristics and differences of online-based public transportation is South Jakarta. This research use descriptive analysis. Based on the results of descriptive analysis, the differences of online-based transportaion depend on the service provider company. Differences from every online-based public transportation companies are origin country and service coverage, type of vehicle used, service facilities, payment method, point and reward features, peak hours, motorcycles and cars fare, as well as additional fees of cancellation. Keywords: Online based public transportation, South Jakarta

Greek students’ beliefs about public transport: Incentives and disincentives for environmentally friendly behavior

The current study explores possible incentives and disincentives among Greek secondary school and university students for using public transport. A 24-items questionnaire was used to elicit the beliefs of 913 students. Collected data was subjected to significance testing through t-test and Mann-Whitney U-test, depending on the significance of the Levene test for homogeneity. Perceived crowdedness, lack of comfort, longer journey times, and inconvenience were most likely to act as disincentives, whereas perceived economy of public transport and parking problems for private car use acted as incentives. Related possible environmental education opportunities are also discussed.

Sustainable Urban Transport Development with Stakeholder Participation, an AHP-Kendall Model: A Case Study for Mersin

Public transport development decisions are generally made by local government representatives or managers of the local transport company through a top-down procedure. However, if the implications do not meet the demand of the public, the improvement cannot be considered as sustainable and in a long range, correction is necessary. This paper aims to introduce a new model which is capable of supporting public transport development decision making by examining the preferences of different stakeholder groups (passengers, potential passengers, and local government) and creating an acceptable coordination for an ultimate, sustainable decision. In the model, Analytic Hierarchy Process is applied, combined with Kendall rank correlation and an extra level of stakeholder significance in the decision. A case study is also presented on the situation of a Turkish city: Mersin. The results show, that by the application of the new model, a more integrated and thus more sustainable solution can be created for the public transport problems of the city, and by this, probably more citizens can be attracted to use public transport modes which might result in decreased CO2 emissions.

La inseguridad en el transporte público del Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires. Experiencias y percepciones de mujeres y varones

El trabajo busca visibilizar una forma de la inseguridad ciudadana aun no analizada en profundidad: aquella en el transporte público. Si bien, la vulneración de la seguridad es un condicionante socioeconómico y espacial que limita el acceso a los bienes, servicios, actividades y oportunidades ofrecidas por las ciudades, tanto a mujeres como a varones, su percepción y experiencia son dos dimensiones de la inseguridad que tienen un efecto diferente sobre las mujeres. A partir de una exploración sobre las diferencias en la percepción de inseguridad y en la efectiva victimización de usuarias y usuarios del transporte público en el Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires (amba), se indaga en las estrategias de movilidad cotidiana de las mujeres vinculadas con la inseguridad como problema en el transporte público. Se presenta evidencia —basada en información primariacualicuantitativa y relevada en el marco del estudio comparativo latinoamericano “Ella se mueve segura”— sobre el desempeño de la inseguridad como condicionante de género, y sobre una forma de violencia —el acoso— que afecta especialmente a las mujeres. Con esto se quiere aportar a desnaturalizar comportamientos cotidianos que colaboran en sostener desigualdades en el espacio urbano y en el transporte, y por su intermedio, en el derecho a la ciudad.

Lower and upper bounds for scheduling multiple balancing vehicles in bicycle-sharing systems

Public bicycle-sharing systems have been implemented in many big cities around the world to face many public transport problems. The exploitation and the management of such transportation systems imply crucial operational challenges. The balancing of stations is the most crucial question for their operational efficiency and economic viability. In this paper, we study the balancing problem of stations with multiple vehicles by considering the static case. A mathematical formulation of the problem is proposed, and two lower bounds based on Eastman’s bound and SPT rule are developed. Moreover, we proposed four upper bounds based on a genetic algorithm, a greedy search algorithm and two hybrid methods that integrate a genetic algorithm, a local search method and a branch-and-bound algorithm. The developed lower and upper bounds are tested and compared on a large set of instances.

Verkehrsverbund: The evolution and spread of fully integrated regional public transport in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland

ABSTRACTThroughout the world, urban areas have been rapidly expanding, exacerbating the problem of many public transport (PT) operators providing service over different governmental jurisdictions. Over the past five decades, Germany, Austria, and Switzerland have successfully implemented regional PT associations (called Verkehrsverbund or VV), which integrate services, fares, and ticketing while coordinating public transport planning, marketing, and customer information throughout metropolitan areas, and in some cases, entire states. A key difference between VVs and other forms of regional PT coordination is the collaboration and mutual consultation of government jurisdictions and PT providers in all decision-making. This article examines the origins of VVs, their spread to 13 German, Austrian, and Swiss metropolitan areas from 1967 to 1990, and their subsequent spread to 58 additional metropolitan areas from 1991 to 2017, now serving 85% of Germany's and 100% of Austria's population. The VV model has spread quickly because it is adaptable to the different degrees and types of integration needed in different situations. Most of the article focuses on six case studies of the largest VVs: Hamburg (opened in 1967), Munich (1971), Rhine-Ruhr (1980), Vienna (1984), Zurich (1990), and Berlin-Brandenburg (1999). Since 1990, all six of those VVs have increased the quality and quantity of service, attracted more passengers, and reduced the percentage of costs covered by subsidies. By improving PT throughout metropolitan areas, VVs provide an attractive alternative to the private car, helping to explain why the car mode share of trips has fallen since 1990 in all of the case studies.

The Political Law of Government in Responding to The Development of Online Transportation in Indonesia

Government legal policy related to online transportation arrangements must provide the greatest benefit for all actors of online transportation and pay attention to all the interests of both non-online operators. Problems related to online motorcycle taxi and conventional motorcycle taxi that must be resolved by the Government are to realize fair business competition between online transportation and conventional transportation in Indonesia. The presence of new players in the transportation business, in the midst of poor public transport problems, has triggered tensions and even led to violence. This online-based transportation business if its existence must be supported by good regulations in order to balance conventional pre-existing companies with online-based companies so that there is healthy competition.

Smart Integrated Payment System for Public Transportation in Jakarta

Jakarta has many types of public transportation such as Kereta Rel Listrik (KRL), Transjakarta, taxi, angkot, metromini, mikrolet, bajaj, ojek, etc. But, there are some problems that happen in public transportation where the people don’t want to use public transportation and choose to use private transportation that cause more traffic in Jakarta. The problems of public transportation are in the facility which is still inappropriate, unclear information, uncomfortable, bad accessibility of public transportation which take more time to reach the destination, more complicated than taking the private transportation, and about the society, people don’t want to be labeled as low-class level. This paper is representing how to make the better system for public transportation in Jakarta with smart integrated payment system. Aim of this system is to encourage people to use public transportation rather than private transportation. The payment system that proposed are using smartphone application by scanning the QR Code or using smart card. User can easily pay through application by scanning QR code to pay the public transportation. The proposed of this smart integrated payment system will have opportunity as profit when collaborate with business when they can advertise their business and get customer from our user.

Exogenous priority rules for the capacitated passenger assignment problem

We propose a novel algorithm for the capacitated passenger assignment problem in public transportation where exogenous priority lists define the order in which passengers are assigned. Separating explicitly theses rules from the assignment procedure allows for a great deal of flexibility to model various priority rules. When the actual rules are endogenous, the framework can easily be embedded in a fixed-point specification. Computational experiments are performed on a realistic case study based on the morning rush hours of the timetable of Canton Vaud, Switzerland. The algorithm is able to assign the demand in very low computational times. The results provide evidences that the ordering of the passengers does not have a significant impact on aggregate performance indicators (such as average delay and level of unsatisfied demand), but that the variability at the individual passenger level is substantial. Thanks to its flexibility, our framework can easily be implemented by a railway operator who wishes to evaluate the effects of different policies in terms of passenger priorities.

Multi-objective integrated acyclic crew rostering and vehicle assignment problem in public bus transportation

In this study, we try to solve a real planning problem faced in public bus transportation. It is a multi-objective integrated crew rostering and vehicle assignment problem. We model this problem as a multi-objective set partitioning problem. Most of the time, crew rostering problem with a single-objective function is considered, and the output may not satisfy some transport companies. To minimize the cost and maximize the fairness of the workload among the drivers, we define many criteria. Although crew rostering problem and its integrated versions appear in the literature, it is the first time these two problems are integrated. We propose a new multi-objective tabu search algorithm to obtain near Pareto-optimal solutions. The algorithm works with a set of solutions using parallel search. We test our algorithm for the case with ten objectives and define a method to choose solutions from the approximated efficient frontier to present to the user. We discuss the performance of our meta-heuristic approach.

Scheduling electric vehicles

The vehicle scheduling problem (VSP) is a traditional problem in public transport. One of the main assumptions is that buses can be operated the whole day without any interruption for refueling etc. Recently, new technological innovations have led to the introduction of electric vehicles (EVs). For these new vehicles, we cannot ignore the need of refueling during the day, as the range of an electric bus is severely limited, because of the capacity of the batteries. In this paper, we study the electric VSP (e-VSP), where we use EVs with a limited range. During the day the batteries can be charged; in this paper we assume that a battery cannot be replaced/substituted. We present two models that differ in the level of detail resembling the actual processes. In our first model, we assume a linear charging process, work with a constant price of electricity during the day, and do not take the effect of the depth-of-discharge on the lifetime of the battery into account. Our second model resembles practice much better: we allow any type of charging process, work with the actual electricity prices, and take the depreciation cost of the battery into account. To keep this model tractable, however, we approximate the exact value of the charge by discretizing it. The refined model can be solved to optimality using integer linear programming for instances of small/medium size, and therefore, we describe two other solution methods based on column generation that find good, but not necessarily optimal, solutions for large instances. We have tested our algorithms on real-world instances.

Class Library for Simulations of Passenger Transfer Nodes as Elements of the Public Transport System

Transfer nodes are essential elements of public transport systems which provide door-to-door transport services for passengers. Parameters of the technological processes in public transport systems are stochastic variables, thus, computer simulations are usually used for solving optimization problems of public transport. There is a number of simulation tools supporting decision-making in public transportation, but they don’t provide the flexibility for solving the transfer nodes optimization problems. Authors present a library of classes implemented in Python, which could be used for computer simulations of public transfer nodes. The proposed software allows researchers to change technological parameters during simulation procedures and makes possible automatization of simulation experiments in the field of passengers’ transportation.

PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT IN THE CITY OF OMSK

The article reflects some problems of public transport in Omsk and reveals their cause-effect relationship. The modern state of the transport systems in cities of Russia is critical now. Looking for ways to solve the problems seems to be very urgent. The general description of the system of public passenger transport in Omsk is presented. It is concluded that the main problem of this system is to change the conditions and possibilities of financing public passenger transport. Prospects for improving of the public passenger transport of the city with regard to the provisions of the current legislation are identified.