Priority Problems Research Articles

Ophthalmic pathology in patients with primary neurodegenerative diseases

AbstractBackgroundThe priority problem of modern healthcare is irreversible dementia due to the steady increase in morbidity. Among irreversible dementias, Alzheimer’s disease takes the first place. Most often, only with sufficiently pronounced cognitive disorders, the doctor can diagnose Alzheimer’s disease, although it is obvious that the neurodegenerative process begins even before the clinical manifestations of the disease. Due to the common origin of the eye and the brain, we can say that the eye is a “window to the brain”. Many scientists note the similarities between gerontophthalmological diseases and Alzheimer’s disease.MethodThe study examined 60 patients who were divided into 2 groups: the first group included patients with Alzheimer’s disease, the second group included patients with vascular dementia. Each group included 9 men and 21 women, with an average age of 65.5 years. All patients underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological examination, using the short Mental Status Assessment Scale (MMSE), the Montreal Cognitive Function Assessment Scale (MoCA), the battery of tests for assessing frontal dysfunction (FAB), the clock drawing test. Also, all patients underwent ophthalmological examination of the visometry, measurement of intraocular pressure, examination of the anterior segment of the eye and fundus, and spectral optical coherence tomography.ResultIn the course of the study, significant ophthalmic pathology was detected in the group with neurodegenerative changes ‐ age‐related macular degeneration was found in 16.7%, pseudoexfoliative syndrome‐20%, primary open‐angle glaucoma‐46.7%.ConclusionThis means that the risk of developing gerontophthalmological diseases increases in patients with neurodegenerative disorders. Therefore, we can assume that the retina is a mirror of neurodegenerative changes in the brain, which will allow to diagnose the disease at early stages and with the help of drug therapy to delay further development of the disease, resulting in reduced disability for patients and socio‐economic costs of society.The results obtained are promising for the early diagnosis of primary neurodegenerative diseases and indicate the need for further research on this topic.

Development of functional mathematical literacy of students in grades 5 and 6: methodological features and experience in their implementation

Aim and Objective. The high demands of modern society on the level of mathematical training of school graduates, who must have practical skills in its application in various contexts of the real world, and the numerous difficulties that accompany the process of acquiring these skills, actualize the problem of the formation and diagnosis of mathematical literacy of schoolchildren. The purpose of the study is to identify and test the methodological conditions, that ensure the development of functional mathematical literacy of students in grades 5 and 6. Materials and methods. The study involved 71 students of Kirov Regional State General Educational Autonomous Institution "Lyceum of Natural Sciences". The main methodological materials, presented on the portal of the Russian Electronic School, were supplemented with diagnostic tools from specially designed tasks. Statistical analysis of the obtained results was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test. Results. A series of methodological conditions that ensure the development of the under study mathematical literacy of students are formulated, which corresponds to the priority problems of modern mathematical education at school. A set of contextual mathematical problems that are directly aimed at the formation of functional mathematical literacy of students in grades 5 and 6 has been developed. The effectiveness of the implementation of the proposed methodological conditions is confirmed by significant differences in solving the complex task of an open bank (Uemp = 417 < Ucr = 427; р < 0,01) and according to the authors' diagnostic work (Uemp = 465 < Ucr = 486; р < 0,05). Conclusion. The practical significance of the study is determined by the possibilities of using its results in improving the mathematical literacy of schoolchildren in the educational process and extracurricular activities, as well as for conducting intra-school monitoring of the formation of mathematical literacy of students.

TRANSITIVITY OF THE STATE ECONOMIC POLICY OF UKRAINE

The study of the features of the formation and implementation of the state economic policy is aimed at the analysis of the current state of the organization, the stage and perspective of development, the normative support of the national economic policy, and the identification of the advantages and disadvantages of the specified policy. The relevance of the study of the state economic policy lies in the fact that in the conditions of globalization and European integration it is necessary to activate theoretical and practical research in order to solve the most important and priority problems of the country. The subject of the study is the state economic policy of Ukraine from the point of view of its transformation with the current challenges of economic interests of the society. This understanding of the problem has led to the formulation of the research objective: theoretical substantiation of the content, principles, model and regulation of economic policy, taking into account the transitivity of the national economic system. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study is the dialectical method of cognition and systematic approach to the study of the problems of state economic policy and its transitivity; scientific works of domestic and foreign scientists based on the application of the abstract-logical method, systematic approach, critical legal approach, etc. It is established that the state economic policy is a component of the general political process, an integral system of measures of the state influence on the economy, the effectiveness of which is manifested in the interconnection of its elements. The transitory nature of the state economic policy, based on the ability of the national economy to expand self-reproduction to meet the needs of the population and the state, and on the other hand, the ability to withstand the destabilizing factors caused by Russia's military aggression against Ukraine, allows to talk about the formation of a new vector of development of the state economic policy of Ukraine. The issues that should be taken into account by public authorities when developing and implementing the State economic policy under martial law are outlined. The need for further research on the institutional foundations of the theoretical approach to justifying the definition of the state economic policy and highlighting the main positions of its constructive formation is substantiated. Results. The essence and separate components of the state economic policy are revealed, in particular, the principles of policy formation and the model of the national economy. The priority areas, which should be considered in the development of the state economic policy, were determined. Certain problems of implementation of the economic policy in the conditions of martial law were identified. The peculiarities of the normative consolidation of the state economic policy of Ukraine are pointed out. Recommendations on improvement of the development of the state economic policy are given.

Identifying types of problems and relative priorities in the problem lists of participants in CBT for psychosis trials.

There is wide variation in the problems prioritised by people with psychosis in cognitive behavioural therapy for psychosis (CBTp). While research trials and mental health services have often prioritised reduction in psychiatric symptoms, service users may prioritise issues not directly related to psychosis. This discrepancy suggests potential challenges in treatment outcome research. The present study aimed to examine the types of problems that were recorded on problem lists generated in CBTp trials. Problem and goals lists for 110 participants were extracted from CBTp therapy notes. Subsequently, problems were coded into 23 distinct categories by pooling together items that appeared thematically related. More than half of participants (59.62%) listed a non-psychosis-related priority problem, and 22.12% did not list any psychosis related problems. Chi-square tests indicated there was no difference between participants from early intervention (EI) and other services in terms of priority problem (χ2 = 0.06, p = .804), but that those from EI were more likely to include any psychosis-related problems in their lists (χ2 = 6.66, p = .010). The findings of this study suggest that psychiatric symptom reduction is not the primary goal of CBTp for most service users, particularly those who are not under the care of EI services. The implications for future research and clinical practice are discussed.

DIFFERENTIATED APPROACH IN VENTRAL HERNIA SURGERY

Relevance. The analysis of scientific, medical and patent documentation indicates that in the literature available to us there is no definition of indications for the use of one or another method of hernioplasty, taking into account various risk factors. The solution of these problems is an urgent and priority problem of modern herniology. Objective of the study: To develop a program for the choice of surgical tactics for ventral hernias. Research material. Based on the analysis of the results of surgical treatment of 228 patients with ventral abdominal hernias, the authors developed a program for scoring preoperative criteria that affect the choice of the optimal method of hernioplasty, taking into account the individual characteristics of the organism. Research results. In the main group of patients, we detected a relapse of the disease in one patient, which was 0.9% of the total number of patients examined in the long-term postoperative period. Relapse was noted in a patient from the 2nd subgroup who underwent hernioalloplasty with defect suturing. The relapse was caused by the insufficient area of the alloprosthesis. Findings. The scoring of perioperative risk criteria in patients with incisional ventral hernias allows choosing the optimal method of plastic surgery, taking into account the individual characteristics of the organism and improving the results of treatment. With pronounced apron-like deformity of the abdomen in obese patients, it is preferable to perform open hernioalloplasty with DLE.

PENGABDIAN KEPADA MASYARAKAT: RUMAH SINGGAH SEHAT KREATIF MENOLAK CORONA

Yayasan Peduli Kanker Anak Bali is one of the non-profit foundations that helps children with cancer who need a temporary house while being treated at Sanglah Hospital. The priority problem faced by our partners is that children suffering from cancer have a higher risk of being infected with COVID-19, but masks and hand sanitizers are increasingly expensive and scarce, besides that the economy is also feeling increasingly sluggish due to the outbreak of this COVID-19 infection. This dedication activity aims to increase their knowledge of a clean and healthy life program, training in making hand sanitizers, and masks. The method used is the method of counseling, training and mentoring, and evaluation will be carried out to monitor the success of the activity. Based on the pre and posttest evaluation, an increase in knowledge of as much as 81% about a clean and healthy life program and all partners can make hand sanitizers and masks. Keywords: COVID-19, cancer foundation, hand sanitizers, masks

Metabolic syndrome as an actual health problem (analytical review)

Metabolic syndrome among different age groups is one of the priority problems of modern health care in many countries. Currently, the medical and social significance of the metabolic syndrome is related o the high specific weight among the causes of disability and mortality, which, along with this, is the leading risk factor for cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, diseases, diabetes mellitus and their complications. The high prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the world ranges from 44.9% in Japan to 50.9% in Spain. Due to the continued increase in the proportion of the elderly and senile population, a further increase in the incidence of metabolic syndrome is predicted, and a pronounced gain in health care costs for outpatient and inpatient medical care. 
 The purpose of the study is to analyze the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and its components according to the data of domestic and foreign reports. 
 Russian and foreign scientific reports, monographs, and collections of articles for 2003–2019 were retrospectively studied using computer search engines and peer-reviewed journals in international databases (Scopus, Web of Sciences). As a result of the search, 164 articles were selected for analysis, from which 128 works and materials were excluded due to incomplete information, unrepresentative sampling, and other reasons.36 publications served as the basis for this study. 
 An enlargement in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in various countries, including Russia, with an increase in the age of the population in combination with arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, in the risk of developing cardiovascular complications by 2–3 times in the combination of metabolic syndrome with arterial hypertension and by 5 times-with diabetes mellitus. 
 Data on the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome will allow health care managers implementing preventive measures and, above all, to correct modifiable risk factors for the metabolic syndrome, such as obesity and hypertension, which are the most common components of the metabolic syndrome

Maternal and Neonatal Mortality in Fana Health District, Koulikoro, Mali

The aim was to assess maternal and neonatal deaths. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional retro-prospective study on the evolution of the trend of maternal and neonatal deaths in the fana health district from 01 January 2018 to 31 December 2022. Results: We recorded the following assisted delivery rates: 69.19% in 2018; 74.44% in 2019; 73.35% in 2020; 80.47% in 2021 and 79.13% in 2022. The maternal death rates in the fana health district from 2018 to 2022 are 0.20, 0.26, 0.44, 0.43 and 0.47 per 1000 live births, respectively. Theneonatal death rate in the Fana Health District from 2018 to 2022 is 1.9; 1.7; 1.1; 1.4 and 1.0 per 1,000 live births. Maternal death rates in the Koulikoro region and Mali from 2018 to 2022 evolved as follows: 0.28; 0.26; 0.32; 0.32 and 0.32 costs 0.48; 0.43; 0.48; 0.49 and 0.42 per 1000 live births, respectively. Neonatal death rates in the Koulikoro region and Mali from 2018 to 2022 evolved as follows: 1.8, 1.6, 1.6; 2.2 and 2.4 co n tre 2.4; 2.3; 2.2; 2.3 and 2.2 per 1000 live births, respectively. Conclusion: Maternal and neonatal mortality rates remain a priority problem in developing countries, including ours, but we believe that the creation of the SO NUB and SONUC structures and the recruitment of qualified personnel could really reduce the rates obtained.

Problem-Solving Cycle Analysis in Finance Department of Hospital

One of the factors in the success of a hospital is the extent to which the finance department can effectively manage funds. Financial reports prepared by applicable regulations can evaluate the hospital’s financial performance and become a tool in strategic decision-making. This research is a qualitative descriptive study using action research, the method, and problem-solving cycle analysis, which consists of five steps: situation analysis and problem identification, prioritization of problems and goals, analysis of the causes of problems, determination of alternative problem-solving, and plans of action. Research data were taken from interviews, review of annual financial reports, and minimum financial service standard reports: cost recovery, speed of information about hospitalization bills, and timeliness of preparing financial reports. This study aims to identify and solve problems in the finance department of the Bogor Islamic Hospital so that it can improve the performance and competitiveness of the hospital in a timely and cost-effective manner. Through the analysis of the problem-solving cycle, it was found that the priority problem was the analysis of incomplete financial statements. Then found the causes and alternative solutions to problems from human factors, money, materials, machines, methods, markets, and the environment. A plan of action has been made to resolve the finance department's priority problem, including creating a guidebook of financial reports, counseling to increase motivation to learn, and training for finance department employees. These solutions are expected to be promptly implemented and beneficial for the growth and development of the Bogor Islamic Hospital, especially the hospital’s finance department.

An Overview of Factors Affecting the Functional Quality of Common Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important crops worldwide, and, as a resilient cereal, it grows in various climatic zones. Due to changing climatic conditions and naturally occurring environmental fluctuations, the priority problem in the cultivation of wheat is to improve the quality of the crop. Biotic and abiotic stressors are known factors leading to the deterioration of wheat grain quality and to crop yield reduction. The current state of knowledge on wheat genetics shows significant progress in the analysis of gluten, starch, and lipid genes responsible for the synthesis of the main nutrients in the endosperm of common wheat grain. By identifying these genes through transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics studies, we influence the creation of high-quality wheat. In this review, previous works were assessed to investigate the significance of genes, puroindolines, starches, lipids, and the impact of environmental factors, as well as their effects on the wheat grain quality.

Modernisasi Tungku Pembakaran di UMKM Djawadi Pande Besi Desa Gilangharjo

The Djawadi blacksmiths are one of the groups of blacksmith craftsmen who are still productive and surviving amidst the youth's declining interest in continuing the business, which is the local wisdom of Gilangharjo Village. The priority problem currently being experienced by Djawadi blacksmiths is in the field of production. The forging work process at Djawadi blacksmith still uses simple equipment and has yet to apply science and technology or appropriate technology. The furnace is now made from concrete with an open design, making the combustion process less effective and causing air pollution. The aim of this activity is the modernization of environmentally friendly stoves. The method is carried out by designing a furnace with a closed system and considering ergonomic aspects. The results of the activity are the dissemination of environmentally friendly furnaces with a dust filtration system equipped with centrifugal fans and blowers.

Optimization of scientifico-practical aspects of West Nile fever causative agent’s monitoring (by the example of the Volgograd region)

Objective: to assess the quality and effectiveness of West Nile fever (WNF) causative agent’s monitoring in the Volgograd region and to develop a set of measures to its optimization. Materials and methods: data on the detection of WNV cases, results of serological and zooentomological monitoring in 2009–2021. A comprehensive methodological approach was applied, including statistical and epidemiological methods. Results: based on the assessment of WNF causative agent’s monitoring key aspects in the Volgograd region, it was shown that one of the priority problems is the insufficient and untimely detection of cases among the population. Among the urgent problems of serological monitoring are the lack of a clearly established frequency of serological examination in the population of the region’s administrative territories and the termination of one of the indicator population groups examination, regulated by the current regulatory and methodological documents. An assessment of the parameters of monitoring studies of the external environment indicates an insufficient territorial coverage and a decrease in the volume of studies, primarily in relation to the main carriers of the West Nile virus, which determines the overall low detection rate of West Nile virus markers. Conclusion: recommendations are proposed for optimizing monitoring, which will enhance the efficiency of WNF epidemiological surveillance and develop a scientifically based forecast of the development of the epidemiological situation.

NURSING CARE POST OPERATIONAL APPENDICITIS PATIENTS WITH NURSING PROBLEMS ACUTE PAIN IN BIMA ROOM RSUD JOMBANG

Background : Appendicitis is an inflammation of the appendix caused by a bacterial infection as the main cause. Method : This research design is a case study using 2 clients who experience postoperative appendicitis with acute pain nursing problems, nursing care is carried out for 3 consecutive days using non-pharmacological therapeutic interventions. Result: The results showed that acute pain with Benson relaxation and aromatherapy therapy, the problem was resolved by reducing the severe pain scale to a mild pain scale for both clients. Analysis : To carry out nursing care for clients who experience Post operational appendicitis with priority problems of Acute pain. Conclusion : Giving Benson relaxation therapy for 30 minutes will decrease pain receptors and stimulate the release of endophins so as to create a relaxed or calming state that can overcome complaints of postoperative pain after appendicitis this therapy is given for 3 days in a row.

NURSING CARE OF CHILDREN WITH FEBRILE CONVULSION WITH HYPERTHERMIY NURSING PROBLEMS IN SRIKANDI ROOM JOMBANG HOSPITAL

Background : Febrile seizures are disorders that arise due to an abnormal increase in body temperature (> 38 0 C). Febrile seizures are often associated with epilepsy and the risk of mental retardation in children.
 Method : The design of this research is a case study using the subject of 2 pediatric patients who experienced febrile seizures with hyperthermia nursing problems on the first day, nursing care was carried out 3 consecutive days by providing warm compresses or tepid sponge interventions.
 Results : The results showed the problem of hyperthermia with warm compresses or a tepid sponge, the problem was resolved in reducing the increase in body temperature.
 Analysis : To carry out nursing care for clients who experience febrile seizures with priority problems of hyperthermia.
 Conclution : Warm compresses or tepid sponges can be used in hospitals as additional therapy to lower body temperature.

Community Empowerment Efforts in Preventing Stunting through "KEBANTING" Activities in PEJOK

Indonesia is one of the countries with a high stunting rate. In 2018, the stunting rate in Indonesia decreased to 30.8%. Pejok Village, Kedungadem District, Bojonegoro Regency is one of the villages where the stunting rate is still high. Based on this, Pejok Village was chosen as a village to be carried out community service by the Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga in 2021. The purpose of this community service is to identify priority problems, as well as develop intervention plans, and implement and evaluate programs to overcome health problems in Pejok Village. The method used is operational research, where solving health problems in Pejok Village is done by problem identification. The interventions carried out in Pejok Village is "KEBANTING : (Keluarga Keren Basmi Stunting)". The results of this community service activity are the increased knowledge of Pejok Village residents has increased after receiving counseling from the "KEBANTING" webinar, the average knowledge before getting the intervention (pretest) was 74%, and the knowledge after getting the intervention (post-test) was 87%.

From patient to maker - a workflow including people with cerebral palsy in co-creating assistive devices using 3D printing technologies

Purpose Digital fabrication, like 3D printing, is a new opportunity for rehabilitation professionals to produce customized assistive devices. It allows for empowerment and collaboration in device procurement, but practical implementations are scarcely described. We describe the workflow, discuss feasibility and propose directions for future work. Methods We showcase a process of co-manufacturing a custom spoon handle together with two people with cerebral palsy. Our digital manufacturing process was centered around videoconferencing to remotely control the processes from design to final 3D printing. Device functionality and satisfaction were assessed using standard clinical questionnaires: the Individual Priority Problem Assessment Questionnaire (IPPA) and the Quebec User Satisfaction Assessment with Assistive Technology (QUEST 2.0). Results IPPA was instrumental in assessing user needs and device effectiveness. QUEST revealed where to focus future design efforts. Conclusion Involving people with disabilities in co-creation of assistive devices opens for new opportunities for healthcare providers that should be explored in depth using the described methodology. There may also be therapeutic benefits and we envisage specific actions to take in order to make it clinically viable.

Проблематика и поэтика повести «Человек и камень» А. Теппеева

The aim of the research is to identify the peculiarities of the range of problems and poetics of the novella "Man and Stone" by one of the brightest representatives of the Balkarian literature of the second half of the XX - early XXI century Alim Teppeev (1937-2010). It is the first time in national literary studies that an attempt to explore this work from the specified perspective has been made, which accounts for the scientific originality of the paper. As a result of the research, the range of priority problems has been de-termined, the specifics of the conflict, the ideological-artistic singularity of the novella have been revealed. In the course of the analysis, the spiritual-moral and humanistic ranges of problems, which are subjected to an innovative interpretation by the author, are noted as the key ones. Among the problems actualised in the narrative, the problems of the spiritual opposition of "fathers and sons" and sacrifice / willingness to sacrifice have been determined. The ideological confrontation between the representatives of the older and younger generations has been considered as the basis of the main conflict line of the novella. The research has also revealed the artistic means for embodying the main idea of the work, has determined the significant role of details-symbols in the reference of the main characters’ images. The paper provides an opportunity to greatly expand the understanding of the creative personality of the writer.

Developing a methodological approach to assessing state information security

The object of the research is the system of information security of the state.
 Investigated problem: The experience of operations (combat operations) of recent years shows the growing role of information influence measures on the systems of collection, processing and transmission of special purpose information and decision-making officials.
 The specificity of measures to ensure the information security of the state is that, on the one hand, it is necessary to solve the task of collecting, processing and transmitting information, and on the other hand, it is necessary to counteract measures of information influence on the systems of collecting, processing and transmitting information and decision-making officials.
 Given this, information attacks have become a real threat and are one of the priority problems of national security and risk management. Information security covers all security measures that can be taken to protect against these impacts. A significant increase in the complexity and intensity of information attacks in recent years has forced most developed countries to strengthen their defenses and adopt national information security strategies.
 The area of practical use of the research results: It is advisable to use the proposed scientific results when conducting research and development works on the creation of intelligent systems for collecting, processing and analyzing information about the state of information security of the state, and developing requirements for hardware and software of this type of systems.
 Field of application: software, information systems, decision support systems.

Sosialisasi Rekam Medis dan Pencegahan Duplikasi Rekam Medis Pada Petugas Admisi Rumah Sakit Umum Anwar Medika

Improving the quality of human resources is closely related to education because education is the main effort that will be able to make human resources of high quality. Education will be successful if the condition of human resources is maintained in good health, therefore health is also an important factor to support efforts to improve the quality of human resources. Admissions must increase their knowledge and skills about medical records so that they can carry out their duties professionally and understand their role optimally. minimize duplication of medical record numbers. The method used is health socialization and promotion by informants who have been selected according to the admissions office as the respondent. the results obtained are the priority problems that occur in the numbering of medical record files. The problem that occurs in the numbering of medical record files is human error in employees who sometimes forget or are not careful in checking patient data in hospital applications (EHOS) which makes patient data not appear in application databases and computers which sometimes long and difficult to access when inputting medical record numbers and also patients who sometimes forget to bring their identity cards, causing missed communication to admissions officers, with fishbone diagrams and 5 whys, the root cause of the problem has been found, namely the lack of accuracy of admissions staff in inputting data, computers that are old and difficult to access as well as patients who forget to bring their identity cards which make the service long. 43 Solving the problem that must be done is to provide guidance or procedures to the admissions officer on how to check the hospital application (EHOS), strengthen human resources to be more thorough, and check repeatedly when registering a patient then if duplication has already occurred then the admissions officer must coordinate with the medical record officer to deactivate one of the medical record numbers that have not been registered for a long time and replace it with a newer one

Перехрестя науково-освітніх альтернатив: монополія на прийняття рішень чи культивування компетентності?

Despite a fairly homogeneous way of functioning, our modernity is marked by different conceptual identities: some consider it as an epoch of simulation, others insist on the expediency of terminological equivalents such as risk society, butterfly and black swan effect, and some argue that a short period, criterion uncertainty and functional turbulence. Such a priori problems are dangerously supplemented by a decrease in the level of scientific thinking and the culture of managerial decision-making, as a result of which the horizon of seeing problem challenges and effective answers to them narrows. Even ambitious international institutions, projects and initiatives are increasingly playing the role of selfish interests of individuals and lobby groups through political marketing, populist, demagogic and manipulative tools. After all, the most threatening problem is the inability to determine the hierarchy of problems, dangers and challenges, resulting in the inability to build a symmetrical hierarchy of means to overcome existing problems. Such intellectual and managerial shortcomings are mostly tried to be eliminated by increasing the level of formalization, substituting quality criteria with purely quantitative criteria and giving priority to secondary factors. The consequence of such an incorrect perception of reality and paying hypertrophied attention to marginal tendencies is the exacerbation of real and priority problems, which more and more often become chronic, questioning the full functioning not only of science and education in Ukraine but also society and the state as a whole. In such circumstances, the prospects for cultivating competence and responsibility at all levels of management decision-making, and above all, mainly at the highest political level, become crucial.