Personnel Problems Research Articles

How to increase the prestige of a scientist in the Russian Federation

The Russian science, according to the existing scientific resources, occupies leading places on many positions, demonstrates serious achievements in many fields, but low overall effectiveness. In the development of science, systemic problems are manifested due to numerous factors, the most important of which are considered in the work. The analysis of the modern development of science has revealed its main challenges. Special attention is paid to the problems of staffing the scientific and technical complex and identifying the causes of the decline in the scientist’s prestige. In Russia, the number of personnel employed in science has been constantly decreasing for many years. The number of postgraduates and doctoral students as well as the amount of dissertation defenses, has decreased 4–7 times over the past four years, and the age structure of the scientific staff has been deformed. The popularity of the scientist has decreased several times. Based on the analysis, the main factors of declining popularity are identified in the work: profession of the scientist is not prestigious; there is a low salary level; there are no mechanisms for popularising the profession; there is no qualitative assessment of the scientist’s work. Proposals for staffing scientific activities and increasing the prestige of the scientist’s work are formulated: increase of the cost of science; elimination of the problem of the scientific personnel’s aging; significant increase in the material support of the scientific personnel; expansion of the possibilities of using grant financing for basic research. Special attention is paid to solving the tasks of improving scientific activity, which are formulated in national projects.

Intermediaries in the labor market and their role in ensuring effective employment of labor resources, features of the agricultural segment

The results of theoretical research are stated and practical developments concerning the functioning of the institution of mediation (third parties) in the labor market, identifying the features of its agricultural segment, the role in ensuring effective employment of labor resources are presented. It is proposed to solve personnel problems through the creation of centers for the development of professional competencies for largecommodity agricultural production in the context of the development of scale land management, agricultural cooperation and integration, the development of innovations and digital transformation

Training of professional personnel in the fi eld of information security — problems and solutions

The article raises the problem of the shortage of qualified specialists in the field of information security. Aspects of the problems of training such personnel by universities are considered. Ways of assistance in the training of information security personnel from commercial organizations are proposed, such as establishing interaction between vendors in the field of information security with universities, using cyber polygons and conducting cyber studies for students, conducting internships for senior students at enterprises and supporting scientific developments and research projects in the field of information security.

Motivating servicemen with health problems to engage in physical training physical training

The importance of physical training today is undoubtedly relevant in solving the problems of military personnel's readiness to fulfill the assigned tasks of military and professional activities. It is known that one of the leading factors affecting the health of servicemen with disabilities is compliance with the regime of physical activity, which in turn is facilitated and played an important role by physical training and sports. The systematic formation of the need for physical training and sports depends primarily on the individual, his or her preferences, beliefs and interests, i.e. motivation. Therefore, one of the priority areas of activity of specialists involved in the rehabilitation and adaptation of servicemen with disabilities is the formation of motivation in physical training and sports in the conditions that have developed in our country after the invasion of the Russian aggressor. The article is devoted to highlighting and analyzing the problematic issues that require special attention in terms of helping to integrate servicemen who have health problems or have been severely injured during hostilities into the social environment and further motivate them to participate and engage in physical education activities.

Screening of Pre-Diabetes and Type-II Diabetes Mellitus Among the Personnel of Bangladesh Air Force

Background: Medical Squadron (Med Sqn) of Bangladesh Air Force (BAF) Base Bashar (BSR) has been providing medical support for BAF Base BSR, Air Headquarters, most of the retired officers and their families. It has been observed that the number of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) patient is increasing day by day, and now it becomes a major health problem among the members of BAF, even among the young age group. In view of above, a study was conducted among the BAF uniform members who reported for laboratory investigation to Med Sqn BAF Base BSR. Assessing prevalence of DM among BAF personnel will also help for overall assessment of health problem of BAF personnel to make a preventive guideline. Methods: A descriptive type of cross-sectional study was conducted with available data in the pathological laboratory of Med Sqn BAF Base BSR during the period from 01 July 2021 to 30 Jun 2022. Within this period a total 9269 Air Force uniform members reported for routine as well as diagnostic purpose of checking blood sugar. Associated risk factor like overweight or obesity was also assessed by latest data from personal documents. Age and job pattern wise data were also analyzed. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 29.0 was used to analyze data. Results: Out of 9269 BAF members a total 683 persons (7.36%) had high (above normal) plasma glucose. Of these 413(60.46%) were diabetic and 270(39.53%) were pre-diabetic (IFG/IGT). Among the 413 diabetic patients 292(42.75%) had fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≥7 mmol/L as well as post prandial plasma glucose (PPPG) level ≥11.1 mmol/L. Among the 270 pre-diabetic patients 205(30.01%) had FPG level between 6.1-6.9 mmol/L with PPPG level <7.8 mmol/L (Impaired Fasting Glucose/IFG) and 65(9.51%) had FPG level <7 mmol/L with PPPG level between 7.8-11 mmol/L (Impaired Glucose Tolerance/IGT). Conclusion: DM has become a major health concern all over the world. This study attempted to identify the prevalence of age-related factors for DM among BAF uniform members between the ages 30 to 60 years. It has been observed that the prevalence of pre-diabetes is more among the 41 to 45 years age group and Type-II DM among the 46-50 years age group. Bangladesh Armed Forces Med J Vol 57 No (1) June 2024, pp 22-27

Yakov Denisovich Petrov: Smolensk Teacher at the Head of the Regional Pedagogical University during the Great Patriotic War

In this publication, the authors continued their work on the study of the personality of the director of the Sverdlovsk State Pedagogical Institute, Yakov Denisovich Petrov, who held this post more than anyone else who headed this university, and his role in the development of the system of higher pedagogical education in the Sverdlovsk region. Based on the materials identified by the authors and previously unknown materials deposited in archival institutions of the Sverdlovsk and Smolensk regions, the authors analyzed in detail the features of the early biography of the director of the institute. This allowed us to fully answer questions related to Petrov's social background, which in the 1920s and 1930s was one of the main criteria for evaluating the political and business qualities of a communist and an employee for party and Soviet officials. And his gradual advancement up the career ladder: from a rural teacher to an experienced manager. At the same time, the authors abandoned the historical-party approach in consecrating the work of the Sverdlovsk Pedagogical Institute in the early years of Ya.D. Petrov's official activity, which is characteristic of Soviet historians. The personal participation of the director in solving the personnel and material problems of the university is specially investigated. The authors draw readers' attention to the fact that Petrov's solution of state tasks for the development of higher pedagogical education in the Sverdlovsk region and improving its quality in the most difficult conditions of the war years were quite successful. In many ways, this was the result of the rich work experience that Yakov Denisovich had accumulated during his years working in the public education system of the Smolensk region and in the People's Commissariat of Education of the RSFSR.

The task of sociologists is to bring order into chaos (interview with RAS corresponding member M. F. Chernysh)

On the eve of the 50th anniversary of the journal Sociological Studies, we turned to Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Sociological Sciences Mikhail F. Chernysh – our long-time author and expert, member of the editorial board – with a request to answer our questions. I wanted to discuss not only the activities of our journal, but also the problems of sociology in general. In recent years, situation in sociology has been changing: alarming trends in sociological education in higher education are intensifying, decisions are being made to reduce the subject of social studies in school, the problem of reproduction of scientific personnel is becoming acute, and discussions about the subject of sociology are becoming more urgent. The interview raises such important issues as the essence of sociology as a science, provides an understanding of its functions and tasks, and outlines the structure and levels of sociological knowledge. Important elements of its existence and development are emphasized, in particular the impossibility of forming an exclusively “national” sociology. The development of sociological education in new conditions is discussed. The tasks of the functioning of the Federal Research Sociological Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences are outlined. Attention is focused on personnel problems in science and the perception of sociology by government institutions.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ АУДИТУ ДОХОДІВ, ВИТРАТ І ФІНАНСОВИХ РЕЗУЛЬТАТІВ ВІТЧИЗНЯНОГО СІЛЬСЬКОГОСПОДАРСЬКОГО ПІДПРИЄМСТВА В УМОВАХ ВОЄННОГО СТАНУ

The article is devoted to the study of the audit of income, expenses, and financial results of agricultural enterprises in Ukraine during the martial law. The main problems of the domestic agricultural industry, caused by the specifics of the industry, are identified: deterioration of economic conditions, economic difficulties, competition problems, infrastructural limitations, personnel problems, difficulty in obtaining permits and certification, limited access to modern technologies. It is substantiated that the problems of the organization of accounting and management of agricultural enterprises are represented by insufficient automation of accounting and control processes, insufficient investment attractiveness of these enterprises in reporting, the complexity of accounting for supply processes, production and formation of costs, the complexity of obtaining loans, the complexity of tax accounting. The identified problems of the functioning of domestic enterprises in the conditions of martial law: the threat of security for workers and resources, the complication and increase in the price of the supply and implementation process, the loss of qualified labor, economic difficulties, the instability of legislation, the cancellation of benefits. It was established that the state of war in Ukraine causes additional problems for auditing: changes in the conditions of audit activity and audit risks, the complication of forecasting and assessment of financial results, the need to assess the impact on financial reporting of changes in accounting policies and management strategies, the need for additional audit procedures to determine and settlement of new risks. The work analyzes the peculiarities of the audit process of financial reporting of an agricultural enterprise, its income, expenses, and results of activity. The study showed that the main factor influencing the quality of the audit is the use of effective audit procedures. The work presents directions for optimizing the audit due to its digitalization, identifies problems that may arise, and suggests ways to solve them.

МЕХАНІЗМ ФОРМУВАННЯ КОМЕРЦІАЛІЗАЦІЇ ОБ’ЄКТІВ ІНТЕЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЇ ВЛАСНОСТІ: БЕЗПЕКОЗНАВЧІ КОНТЕКСТИ ОРГАНІЗАЦІЇ УПРАВЛІННЯ

In modern conditions of martial law, one the most important aspects of ensuring the effective functioning of business structures, as well as the formation of positive results its financial activity, is the existence of an effective security system for the commercialization of intellectual property objects, which will ensure business protection from threats. Protection is due to the ability of management bodies the business structures at the appropriate levels: to ensure sustainable economic development through the protection of intellectual property objects; to neutralize the negative impact of crisis phenomena on business structures; to form an adequate accounting system of financial flows and to strengthen the operational efficiency of control system in the process commercialization of intellectual property objects; ensure the implementation of work on the protection of the confidentiality of information constituting a commercial secret etc. Modern scientific research points to the fact that without a unified security system of business structures regarding the commercialization of intellectual property objects, it is impossible to find a way out of the crisis, stabilize the economic situation and create an effective mechanism for conducting business. The main components of the organizational and economic mechanism of commercialization of intellectual property objects at enterprises, which, in particular, include organizational processes; processes of technical and economic substantiation; processes of determining the market conformity of intellectual property objects to the needs of consumers; legal enforcement processes. Only the processes of determining the market suitability of intellectual property objects to the needs of consumers, that is, the processes of market research, are directly related to the process of commercialization. The other three components of the mechanism of commercialization of intellectual property objects are no less important, as they ensure the effective implementation of the actual process of commercialization or transfer. As the research results showed, the main influencing factors in the context of security science on the commercialization of intellectual property objects are: regulatory and legislative problem; the problem of valuation of intellectual property objects; personnel problem; the problem of organizational support for the commercialization of intellectual property objects. Therefore, the development of the organizational and economic mechanism of commercialization of intellectual property objects is a necessary and integral part of building a national innovation system aimed at increasing the competitiveness of the national economy and ensuring the transition to sustainable economic growth and strengthening of national security, including. Thus, the choice of the most acceptable method of commercialization should be justified from the point of view of the expected profit that it can bring to the owner of the rights in specific conditions.

INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AS A TOOL FOR INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF PRINTING COMPANIES’ ECONOMIC ACTIVITY

In order to increase the efficiency of economic activity of printing companies, the authors of the study have identified the following features and promising directions: reorientation of management tasks for the development of printing companies in order to ensure their competitiveness; determination of strategic directions of development of printing companies; optimisation of the appropriate level of information, resource and organisational support of printing companies for the successful implementation of development strategies; diversification of activities of printing enterprises; corporatisation of printing enterprises; ensuring investment development of printing industry enterprises. The implementation of strategies aimed at optimising processes, reducing costs, using advanced technologies and increasing the efficiency of interaction with consumers is the reorientation of management tasks for the development of printing companies in order to ensure their competitiveness. The strategic directions for the development of printing companies include: European integration, improvement of product quality in accordance with international standards, use of information technology to optimise production processes, innovation, expansion of production links, environmental friendliness and solving the problem of qualified personnel. The successful implementation of development strategies depends on optimising the appropriate level of information, resources and organisational support for the activities of printing companies. Information support is concerned with determining strategic directions through the analysis of internal and external information. The focus of resource support is on the efficient management of resources for the achievement of production efficiency. Organisational support involves creating an effective structure and motivating staff. Diversifying printing businesses in the current environment requires adopting the latest technologies and using information and communication technologies. This makes it possible to expand the range of products, increase the efficiency of production, optimise management and improve customer relations. The corporatisation of printing companies is important for business development, enabling companies to consolidate, implement large projects and expand markets. The integration of ICT contributes to the optimisation of production processes, the improvement of management efficiency and the creation of competitive advantages for printing companies. Using ICT in the printing industry plays a key role in increasing the attractiveness of companies to invest. The integration of ICT enables the optimisation of internal processes. It reduces costs, develops innovation and attracts new investors.

ІНСТРУМЕНТИ СТИМУЛЮВАННЯ МІСЦЕВОГО ЕКОНОМІЧНОГО РОЗВИТКУ УКРАЇНИ В УМОВАХ НЕСТАБІЛЬНОСТІ

The research emphasizes the objectively existing need, as well as the problems of ensuring local economic development in Ukraine, in particular under conditions of critically acute economic and social instability caused by a full-scale war and its consequences. The purpose of the study is to determine the scientific justification of the tools for stimulating and ensuring the local economic development of Ukraine under the instability. It is shown that in the conditions of a full-scale war, the regional socio-economic systems of Ukraine faced such challenges as large-scale external and internal migrations of the population, deepening of depopulation problems, reduction of employment and the number of jobs due to the cessation of activities or relocation of enterprises, the growth of precarization in the labor market and social and labor insecurity of vulnerable categories of the population, the development of sectoral and structural imbalances and the strengthening of personnel problems in the labor markets. Accordingly, the latest challenges have become the main causes of destabilization of the spatial development of Ukraine's economy. The results of the analysis made it possible to identify, firstly, the significant typicality of existing problems, secondly, the significant resource limitations of local self-government bodies, thirdly, the need to involve innovative solutions, fourthly, the relevance of developing practices of intermunicipal socio-economic cooperation and integration of efforts in this way, fifthly, the need for a systemic and strategic approach, when based on visions, strategies and development programs, investment passports of territorial communities, a single coordinated regional master plan of industry specialization and development will be formed. The basic principles of two regional policy strategies in terms of stimulating local economic development are substantiated: (1) stabilization, (2) proactive. The strategic goal of each of these approaches is indicated, as well as a set of tools is defined, the implementation of which allows to activate the processes of local economic development in Ukraine under current conditions of instability.

Zoning of the Lower Volga Region and Formation of Territory, Okrug, District and Rural Bodies of Soviet Authority in 1928: First Stage

Introduction. The article examines the process of formation of the Lower Volga region and Soviet authorities at the level of regional, district, and rural administration at the first stage of zoning (before the liquidation of okrugs). Methods and materials. The research was carried out based on traditional methods of historical research (historical-genetic, retrospective, historical-systemic, and historical-comparative). The use of an array of unpublished archival documents stored in the State Archives of the Volgograd Region and the Documentation Center for Contemporary History of the Volgograd Region, and materials from periodicals and legislative sources of government bodies of the USSR and the RSFSR, greatly facilitated the research process. Analysis. The study is aimed at identifying the regional specifics of the zoning process and the accompanying process of formation of Soviet authorities (at the level of councils and executive committees of councils of the Lower Volga region). Results. The zoning of the Lower Volga region already at the first stage revealed a range of problems, the systematic solution of which in the future will make it possible to transform the agricultural region into the industrial center of the Volga region. In the process of reform, along with positive aspects – the reduction in cost of the management apparatus, the bringing closer to the population of Soviet authorities endowed with significant powers (district executive committees and councils) – there were also clearly negative consequences. The distance of rural councils from middle management and the consolidation of individual rural councils, on the one hand, led to the planned reduction of hardware costs but, on the other hand, excluded remote villages from active public life. Districts became the main operational unit of economic and Soviet work in the region. There were several issues to address, including the imbalance between districts with different population sizes, from small ones with just over 2,000 people to large ones with populations approaching 100,000. Additionally, there was a lack of communication between administrative units and personnel problems, which emerged as a significant hurdle in the development of district and rural Soviet administration at the second stage of zoning (in the conditions of the liquidation of okrugs).

Transformation of the Competencies of Students of a Pedagogical University in the Process of Organizing Professional and Mobile Practice

To the problem statement. The article deals with the problem of training profes-sional and pedagogical personnel, which does not meet the modern requirements of professional ed-ucation of future teachers, who are called upon to teach students of the secondary vocational educa-tion system after graduating from a vocational pedagogical university. The basis of this problem is the duality of the content of the activity of teachers, who need to possess not only psychological and pedagogical competencies, but also to master the experience of professional activity in working specialties. This requires a comprehensive transformation of the psychological, pedagogical and professional production competencies of the future teacher of the vocational education system. The purpose of the article is to show that in a professionally oriented environment, the trans-formation of competencies, the complex professional and personal formation of the future teacher of the secondary vocational education system (SPE) is more successfully carried out. The author of the article suggests a solution to this problem through the organization of an industrial practice, which he modernizes as a professionally mobile practice. R. H. Iskhakov argues that the professional personal quality formed in the conditions of this type of practice as professional mobility will contribute to the transformation of the psychological, pedagogical and professional production competencies of the future teacher of the vocational education system. Professional mobility is becoming one of the key conditions for the transformation of the competencies of a future teacher of vocational education. The author of the article presents the basic concepts of transformation and professional mobility at a sufficient and necessary level in the context of the article. The article has scientific and methodological significance, as it presents the methodology of organizing professional and mobile practice. Not only types of practices are presented. but also elective courses that students master before starting the practice itself. Successful organization of professional and mobile practice is possible on the basis of a dual approach to the organization of training – mutual cooperation between representatives of the university and educational organizations of vocational education, on the basis of which the above–mentioned practice of students of a vocational pedagogical university is conducted. In this collaboration, the important role of the master mentor is defined. This concept has been tested in the context of scientific research, the results of which the au-thor presented in the article. The level of formation of professional mobility among students in the conditions of scientific research will be determined by integral criteria: communicative, research competence and adaptability Conclusion. The professional development of a modern teacher largely depends on professional mobility, adaptability, the need for self-improvement, readiness and ability to master new competencies, which is due to rapid changes in personal and professional qualities and types of activity.

НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЯ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ КОНТРОЛЬНО-РЕВИЗИОННЫХ ПОДРАЗДЕЛЕНИЙ МВД РОССИИ

The article is devoted to current legal, personnel and methodological problems faced by the control and audit units of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs. The authors explore various aspects of the activities of these departments, including assessment and analysis of the effectiveness of their work, identifying problematic issues and opportunities for their improvement. The article is based on an analysis of current trends and requirements in the field of control and audit, as well as on the experience of the units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. The study is aimed at increasing the efficiency of the control and audit units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.

Reduction of occupational injuries as a way to solve the problem of the shortage of personnel to reduce risks in the energy industry

Energy security is a priority area of economic development and an important component of the state's national security. Among the internal threats to energy security, experts point to market defects, equipment degradation and backwardness of technologies, imperfect management, personnel problems, and others. One of the reasons for the shortage of qualified personnel is industrial injuries. In the work, a comparative analysis of data for the period from 2015 to 2023 was carried out regarding the level of industrial injuries in various sectors of the economy and the causes of accidents. The fact of a sharp increase in the total number of insurance accidents in 2021–2022 was established only in two sectors - the sphere of health care and the sphere of electricity and gas supply. In other sectors of the economy, the number of industrial injuries decreased compared to 2015. The largest number of accidents with fatal consequences in the energy industry is caused by electrocution of personnel during maintenance and repair of electrical installations. As the conducted studies have shown, in recent years the number of accidents has increased significantly not only due to man-made reasons, which was explained by the corona virus pandemic, but also due to organizational reasons. Among the organizational reasons, violations of labor discipline are in the first places – non-fulfilment of the requirements of labor protection instructions, non-fulfilment of job duties and violation of the technological process. Therefore, the development of proposals for the improvement of the labor protection management system and labor relations in the energy industry is an urgent task. There are proposed measures to reduce the level of injuries due to organizational reasons in stressful conditions of mass absenteeism of personnel due to illness or during hostilities.

Areas of modernization of the system of training and certification of forensic experts in Ukraine based on the adaptation of foreign experience

Abstract The article is devoted to the study of the existing system of training and certification of forensic experts in Ukraine and to the provision of proposals for its modernization, taking into account the positive experience in the field of forensic science of the USA, Great Britain and some countries of the European Union. In Ukraine, the procedure for the training and certification of forensic experts is determined by ministries and other central executive authorities, which manage state specialized institutions that carry out forensic activities. A study of foreign experience in the training and certification of forensic experts made it possible to identify general and specific elements, sustain the benefits of the implemented measures, and formulate priorities and guidelines. The research resulted in the justification of the need to develop a single regulatory act that would determine the procedure for training, internships and certification of forensic experts, as well as the creation of a single qualification body that would help ensure uniform approaches to determining the qualification of forensic experts working in state specialized forensic institutions, their territorial branches, expert institutions of municipal ownership, and forensic experts who are not employees of these institutions. It is proved that the development and implementation of uniform standards for training forensic experts on the basis of a centralized approach, regardless of where these specialists will work in the future, will help address the problem of training personnel. The author concludes that improving the quality of training, internship and certification of forensic experts requires new approaches to organizational, economic, teaching, methodological and technical provision. The author substantiates the need for fundamentally new forms of activity which will ensure the effectiveness and transparency of the assessment of knowledge by means of modern information technologies in the current reform environment. It is stated that Ukraine should raise the criteria for admission to the profession of a forensic expert. The author specifies the issues that need to be enshrined in law.

Personnel problems of modern higher education

Personnel problems of modern higher education

ETHNOPOLITICAL ASPECT OF LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT REFORM IN UKRAINE

The study examines the ethno-national aspects of the implementation administrative-territorial reform and the decentralization process in Ukraine. The essence of ethno-national policy, its orientation and purpose are defined. The legal framework was analyzed in the context of the implementation of the state ethno-national policy in the process of forming united territorial communities in the places of compact residence of national minorities. When developing and implementing ethno-national policy not only at the state, but also at the regional and local levels, it is necessary to take into account historical, ethnic, geographical, economic, national-cultural, religious, demographic, migration features, and in some cases, international relations and connections with neighboring states. The latter can range from constructive transboundary cooperation to the threat of escalation of separatism and irredentism. All this significantly affects the practical activities of public authorities, creates a real opportunity for national minorities to realize their rights in the economic, educational, cultural space and take an active part in state-building processes, while avoiding destructive ethno-political processes and phenomena, which is a condition for the harmonization of inter-ethnic relations in the state. For a multinational state, the main task of ethno-national policy is to maintain a balance of the interests of national and ethnic groups with the interests of the state and every citizen. Ethno-national policy, as a component of internal policy, ensures the country's stability and prevents the emergence of manifestations of nationalism and separatism. In Ukraine, there are the main factors of the development of regionalism, which have their own ethno-political context. At the local and regional levels, there are ideas of uniqueness (community, district, region), the desire to preserve historical and cultural heritage. Among regional communities, self-awareness of regional belonging is clearly expressed. Against this background, the current ethno-political legislation contains problematic issues that need to be resolved. Yes, the rights of national minorities are not defined as individual or collective, and hence it is not clear whether a united territorial community can act as a subject of ethno-political relations? The term "indigenous peoples" is mentioned in the legislation. At the same time, it is only about the rights of "persons belonging to national minorities". Also, in the conditions of decentralization, the problem of training managerial and other personnel for regional local self-government bodies from the circle of national minorities emerges acutely.

About the personnel problem in modern Russia

According to official data, modern Russia has the lowest unemployment rate. However, there is still a huge contingent of hidden unemployment, many times higher than the official level. This situation is paradoxically combined with an acute and continuously growing shortage of qualified production personnel. Using a lot of factual material, the author reveals the causes of this phenomenon. The main one is the depopulation of the indigenous population, which is being replaced by people of other ethnic groups with the lowest qualification level. At the same time, due to the destruction (“optimization”) of the education system, the intellectual and qualification level of the indigenous population is continuously decreasing. The other is the various types and waves of growing emigration of “brains” and “golden hands.” As a result, for more than thirty years, the contingent of old engineering and technical personnel has exhausted itself, while new ones have not been trained in the required volume and quality. A huge personnel “hole” has formed. The author proposes to close this “hole” on the basis of a radical reorientation of the entire Russian education system, starting with kindergarten, school, etc. It is also necessary to reformat the public consciousness accordingly, especially the mass consciousness of young people.

ПРЕДПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОЕ ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ ИНЖЕНЕРНОЙ НАПРАВЛЕННОСТИ: МОДЕЛИ И ЭФФЕКТИВНЫЕ ПРАКТИКИ ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЯ С РАБОТОДАТЕЛЯМИ

The article reveals the prerequisites for the development of pre-vocational education in the Russian Federation and makes a short excursion into the problem of training engineering personnel in our country. The author also reviews scientific research devoted to the formation and development of pre-professional education, and also gives a brief description of some models of pre-professional engineering education that are successfully practiced in the educational space of the Russian Federation: pre-university, Rosneft classes, School of Engineering Reserve, Ural Engineering school”, basic schools of the Russian Academy of Sciences, engineering classes, medical classes, etc. In conclusion of the article, the author identifies such a promising model of pre-professional education as educational tourism, and characterizes various aspects of the further development of pre-professional engineering education in the Russian Federation.