Problem Of Intolerance Research Articles

Considerations in the Development of a Sound Tolerance Interview and Questionnaire Instrument

Most clinicians approach the objective fitting of hearing aids with three goals in mind: audibility, comfort, and tolerance. When these three amplification goals have been met, the hearing aid user is more likely to adapt to and perceive benefit from hearing aid use. However, problems related to the loudness of sounds and reduced sound tolerance, which may or may not be reported by the aided user, can adversely impact adaptation to amplification and the individual's quality of life. Although there are several standardized questionnaires available to evaluate hearing aid benefit and satisfaction, there is no standardized questionnaire or interview tool for evaluating reduced sound tolerance and the related impact on hearing aid use. We describe a 36-item tool, the Sound Tolerance Questionnaire (STQ), consisting of six sections, including experience with hearing aids, sound sensitivity/intolerance, medical and noise exposure histories, coexisting tinnitus problems, and a final question to differentiate the primary and secondary problems related to sound intolerance, tinnitus, and hearing loss. In its current format as a research tool, the STQ was sensitive in pinpointing vague sound tolerance complaints not reported by the study participants in eligibility screening by Formby et al. A refined version of the STQ, the Sound Tolerance Interview and Questionnaire Instrument (STIQI), structured as a two-part tool, is presented in the appendix for prospective clinical use. The STIQI has potential utility to delineate factors contributing to loudness complaints and/or reduced sound tolerance in individuals considering hearing aid use, as well as those who have been unsuccessful hearing aid users secondary to loudness complaints or sound intolerance. The STIQI, when validated and refined, also may hold promise for predicting hearing aid benefit and/or assessing treatment-related change over time of hearing aid use or interventions designed to remediate problems of loudness and/or sound intolerance among hearing aid candidates or users.

SEEKING INTERSECTION OF RELIGIONS: An Alternative Solution to Prevent the Problem of Religious Intolerance in Indonesia

<p class="IIABSBARU">Indonesia consisted of multiculture, ethnic and religion. There are six legal religions in Indonesia. Religious plurality is part of Indonesian life. In Religion, adherents always tried to compare between their own religion with other religions that can cause a truth claim of superiority of their religion. This caused any conflict like the case of GKI Yasmin in Bogor, three massive bomb blasts of Bali, and conflict of Ambon. This is a library reseach applying sosiological approach. To analyze the problem, author used the conflict theory of Gillin and Gillin saying that conflict can be caused by deferences. Therefore, it is necessary to understand how the intersection of religions in order to prevent the conflict, included religious intolerence. This research find that the intersection of religion can be found in values of humanity or the horizontal aspect (<em>ḥabl min al-nās</em>). While the vertical aspect (<em>ḥabl min Allāh</em>), they are different. By understanding the intersection of religions and nature of these differences, it is expected that religious harmony can be reinforced.</p><p class="IIABSBARU">***</p><p>Indonesia terdiri dari beragam budaya, etnis dan agama. Terdapat enam agama yang diakui di Indonesia. Pluralitas tersebut merupakan bagian dari kehidupan masyarakat Indonesia. Pada kenyataannya, seseorang selalu ingin mem­banding­kan antara agama mereka sendiri dengan agama-agama lain, sehingga yang dapat menyebabkan klaim kebenaran. Kondisi ini menyebabkan terjadinya konflik seperti kasus GKI Yasmin di Bogor, tiga bom Bali, dan konflik Ambon. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kepustakaan dengan menggunakan pendekatan sosiologi. Analisis kajian menggunakan teori konflik Gillin dan Gillin yang menyatakan bahwa konflik dapat disebabkan oleh perbedaan. Oleh karena itu, perlu untuk memahami bagaimana titik pertemuan antar agama untuk mencegah konflik, termasuk intoleransi agama. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa pertemuan agama dapat ditemukan dalam nilai-nilai kemanusiaan atau aspek horizontal (<em>ḥabl min al-nās</em>). Sedangkan aspek vertikal (<em>ḥabl min Allāh</em>), mereka berbeda. Dengan memahami pertemuan antar agama dan sifat perbedaan ini, diharapkan kerukunan beragama dapat diperkuat.</p>

СОЦИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ МОНИТОРИНГ МЕЖНАЦИОНАЛЬНЫХ И МЕЖКОН- ФЕССИОНАЛЬНЫХ ОТНОШЕНИЙ ФЕ- ДЕРАЛЬНОГО АГЕНТСТВА ПО ДЕЛАМ НАЦИОНАЛЬНОСТЕЙ

Assessing the inter-ethnic and inter-confessional relations in the Russian Federation and indentifying the factors that cause tensions are the core of the Russian national policy. Despite generally favorable situation, new centers of tensions occasionally appear, and frozen conflicts come out; radical and extremist organizations, such as ISIL, an organization banned in Russia, have their effects on Russians. This problem is recognized by Russians; most of them point out the acuteness of the problem and intolerance in inter-ethnic and inter-confessional affairs. The paper describes a new model of sociological monitoring of inter-ethnic and inter-confessional relations consisting of three modules: simultaneous representative surveys in all the regions of Russia with a unified methodology; mixed methods research focused on challenging territories and/or ethnic and social groups; expert (advisory) panel. Russian perceptions of the poly-ethnicity in the Russian Federation and recognition of the equality of ethnic groups are considered using empirical evidence. The authors propose to tackle the problem of inter-ethnic intolerance in an integrated manner: on the one hand, it is necessary to monitor how people personally perceive their experiences of inter-ethnic and inter-confessional relationships, and on the other hand, how people themselves treat others in inter-ethnic and inter-confessional situations.

INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY FOR SUSTAINABLE NEW MATERIALS

Active Cross-Linking agents (ACL) are a class of compounds used as activators for a wide range of reactions which aim to make covalent bonds without leaving trace in the final product. Crossing S.r.l., an Innovative Start Up, made a study to synthesize and test a new type of ACL for different manufacturing processes. In particular, a process was developed for the tanning of hides, allowing the making of a stable and metal-free leather with a deep focus to the environmental sustainability. Furthermore a second process for the production of active packaging by ACL is reported preventing the alteration of food, thanks to the complete, or partial, removal of preservatives and allowing a concrete solution to allergenic and intolerance problems. With this study Crossing S.r.l wants to demonstrate the possibility to produce good quality leather or offering an alternative to the use of preservatives with a highly sustainable protocols. Keywords: Cross-Linking, Innovative, Sustainable, Industry, packaging, cellulose, leather.

Evaluation of the posttraumatic growth inventory after severe burn injury in Western Australia: clinical implications for use

Purpose: Posttraumatic growth (PTG) is “the subjective experience of positive psychological change reported as a result of the struggle with trauma”. Very few studies have explored PTG after burn injury. The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) is a 21-item questionnaire which assesses five domains in which PTG has been found. First, the aim of this study was to assess how PTG presented after a severe burn, and second, whether it could be measured by the PTGI in Australian burn survivors.Methods: A mixed method approach was used. Seventeen patients who had a severe burn injury at least 2 years previously were interviewed and completed the PTGI. The interviews were analyzed, then compared to the PTGI responses.Results: PTG in burn survivors had similarities to PTG arising from other trauma. Burn-specific context such as heat intolerance and functional problems influenced the type of changes made. Barriers to PTG in relationships were related to guilt burden and visible scarring.Conclusion: PTG presents similarly after burn to other trauma types, but has other features to consider when devising intervention strategies. The PTGI is a 5-min screening tool that adequately identifies the presence or absence of PTG in burn survivors in Western Australia, and can guide intervention.Implications for rehabilitation:The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory is a 5-min screening tool that adequately identifies the degree of PTG in burn survivors in Western Australia.It is a quick and easy tool to use to identify the need for clinical intervention.It will also evaluate the effectiveness of strategies designed to target PTG.A mean score of 2.5 can be used as a threshold to guide intervention strategy.

A Review on Fruit Juice Probiotication: Pomegranate

Foods and beverages containing live microbes (probiotics) are increasingly promoted by health professionals nowadays. The probiotic products in the market are mostly milk-based products, for instance yoghurts. There has been a high demand for the non-dairy probiotic products from those having the lactose intolerance problem and/or worry about the high cholesterol content. Therefore, fruit is now becoming the preferable matrix for probiotic delivery in human body. Fruits could be another promising carrier for probiotic strains, particularly from the genera of Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria. Somehow, the cell viability and stability are highly fruit and strain dependent, in addition to the processing factors and storage temperature. In the present review, fruits, particularly pomegranate is critically highlighted as a potential fruity vehicle for probiotic microbiota. Pomegranate contains bioactive secondary metabolites (anthocyanins, ellagic acid derivatives and hydrolyzable tannins) and non-digestible carbohydrates (prebiotics). The low pH value of pomegranate juice could be compromised by mixing with other fruits or by protecting probiotics from acidic environment by microencapsulation. This review covers the previous works which were carried out on the fruit-based probiotic foods and beverages, supported by the mechanistic explanation on the action of probiotics in human body.

Why India's Intolerance Problem Is Hurting Its Global Reputation

Why India's Intolerance Problem Is Hurting Its Global Reputation

Competencia social en niños y adolescentes de la ciudad de Bucaramanga (Colombia) según escala Messy

Muchas de las problemáticas de violencia e intolerancia están asociadas al déficit de mecanismos que permitan al individuo desenvolverse eficazmente, por ende se intentan buscar herramientas de relevancia social que permitan definir los factores que moldean estos comportamientos con el fin de elaborar metodologías para desarrollar técnicas enfocadas hacia las competencias asertivas que refuercen estas características individuales en cada sujeto. Es por ello, que este artículo de investigación se enfocó en identificar los componentes de la competencia social con los que cuentan los niños y adolescentes de Bucaramanga y la relación con sus características demográficas (edad, nivel educativo, estrato socioeconómico). Se planteó un estudio cuantitativo, de corte transversal correlacional. La muestra fue por conveniencia, con un total de 330 participantes con edades entre 8 y 17 años. Se aplicó la escala Messy y el análisis de resultados se llevó a cabo a través de SPSS. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que no se puede definir una relación directa entre las competencias sociales que posee un individuo y sus datos sociodemográficos, corroborando la influencia de otros factores multivariados en su desarrollo.

From Phenomenal Selves to Hyperselves

AbstractThe claim that we are subjects of experience, i.e. beings whose nature is intimately bound up with consciousness, is in many ways a plausible one. There is, however, more than one way of developing a metaphysical account of the nature of subjects. The view that subjects are essentially conscious has the unfortunate consequence that subjects cannot survive periods of unconsciousness. A more appealing alternative is to hold that subjects are beings with the capacity to be conscious, a capacity which need not always be exercised. But this view can itself be developed in more than one way. The option I defend here is that subjects are nothing more than capacities for consciousness, a view I call the ‘C-theory’. Although the C-theory supplies us with a potentially appealing account of the nature of subjects (and hence ourselves), there are challenges to be overcome. Olson has argued that identifying ourselves with what are, in effect, parts of human organisms leads to a variety of intolerable problems. I suggest that these problems are by no means insuperable. Bayne and Johnston have argued that identifying subjects with experience-producing systems is confronted with a different difficulty. What if these systems can produce multiple streams of consciousness at once. Whatever else they may be, aren't subjects the kind of thing that can have just one stream of consciousness at a time? In response I argue that this is true in one sense, but not in another. Once this is appreciated, the notion that a subject could have several streams of consciousness at once no longer seems absurd, or impossible.

Terrorism, Religious Intolerance and Ethnic Conflict Issues in the National Education Policy - 2010 of Bangladesh: An Exploratory Study

Education is considered an instrument to combat the problems of terrorism, religious antagonism and ethnic intolerance. Bangladesh has been experiencing its share of these problems along with other South Asian countries. The recent adoption of the National Education Policy (NEP) of 2010 has been an opportunity to consider how the education system can help address these problems. However, a lack of consensus about interpretations of the issues of terrorism, ethnicity and intolerance among the major political parties and different religious groups has stymied this effort. NEP-2010 may be seen as a victim of politico-religious disagreements among stakeholders, especially due to a strong position from a part of the Islamic community. The three issues are interrelated in the sense that, firstly, they emerge from a lack of respect for diversity, and secondly, the problems arise as much from ideological views, as from social and economic conditions. By considering these realities, this paper will examine how the problems have been recognized and attempted to counter in NEP. Empirical data on people's perception on NEP and the three issues have been used to buttress the arguments.

Religious Education for Peaceful Coexistence in Indonesia?

This paper argues that recent inter-religious conflict in Indonesia highlights a need for the education system to address problems of religious intolerance through religious education and the religious culture in schools. The position of religion vis-à-vis the state and education indicates that such action is appropriate in the Indonesian context. The paper analyses approaches to inter-faith education and education for religious tolerance globally, and addresses some of the issues that arise. It then turns to Indonesia, outlining the curricula for religion as a school subject and recent changes in the education system. The ethnographic section of the paper examines how three exceptional private faith schools – one Islamic and two Catholic – in Yogyakarta and West Sumatra offer new ways of teaching inter-religious tolerance. The paper demonstrates how religious education in schools can foster inter-religious tolerance and understanding.

Immobilization of <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> B134 Cells using Sodium Alginate for Lactose Hydrolysis in UHT Milk

Hydrolysis of lactose in milk by β-galactosidase from immobilized bacterial cells has the potential to alleviate the problem of lactose intolerance. The present study was aimed to immobilize cells of L. plantarum strain B134 and evaluate their efficiency in hydrolyzing lactose in ultra high temperature (UHT) milk. Immobilized cells were generated by mixing cell suspensions with solutions of sodium alginate and calcium chloride. The β-galactosidase activity of the immobilized cells was tested by determining their ability in hydrolyzing lactose in UHT milk (whole milk and skimmed milk). Results showed that cells of L. plantarum strain B134 were entrapped optimally using a combination of 1 % sodium alginate, 100 mM calcium chloride and 12 % w/v cell suspension. The highest β-galactosidase activity was achieved at pH 6.5 and a temperature of 45 ºC for 5 minutes incubation time. The immobilization efficiency achieved was 28.95 %. The immobilized cells could reduce lactose by up to 85.45 % in UHT whole milk and 91.26 % in UHT skimmed milk. The times required for that reduction of lactose in UHT whole milk and UHT skimmed milk were 12 hours and 9 hours respectively. The immobilized cells could be re-used up to 4 times for efficient lactose hydrolysis for both types of milk. Therefore, immobilized cells of L. plantarum B134 have the potential to be used for lactose hydrolysis in UHT milk.

Hepatic Atypical Protein Kinase C: An Inherited Survival-Longevity Gene that Now Fuels Insulin-Resistant Syndromes of Obesity, the Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

This review focuses on how insulin signals to metabolic processes in health, why this signaling is frequently deranged in Western/Westernized societies, how these derangements lead to, or abet development of, insulin-resistant states of obesity, the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus, and what our options are for restoring insulin signaling, and glucose/lipid homeostasis. A central theme in this review is that excessive hepatic activity of an archetypal protein kinase enzyme, “atypical” protein kinase C (aPKC), plays a critically important role in the development of impaired glucose metabolism, systemic insulin resistance, and excessive hepatic production of glucose, lipids and proinflammatory factors that underlie clinical problems of glucose intolerance, obesity, hepatosteatosis, hyperlipidemia, and, ultimately, type 2 diabetes. The review suggests that normally inherited genes, in particular, the aPKC isoforms, that were important for survival and longevity in times of food scarcity are now liabilities in times of over-nutrition. Fortunately, new knowledge of insulin signaling mechanisms and how an aberration of excessive hepatic aPKC activation is induced by over-nutrition puts us in a position to target this aberration by diet and/or by specific inhibitors of hepatic aPKC.

Terrorism, Religious and Ethnic Intolerance Issues in the Syllabuses and Textbooks of Bengali and English Medium and Madrasha Education in Bangladesh An Appraisal

Bangladesh, a seventh largest populous and fourth largest Muslim country in the World, is often facing the problems of terrorism, religious and ethnic intolerance. There are many cases of terrorist activities, religious and ethnic intolerance in the recent past. Like many of the post-colonial societies, various national policies were adopted towards facing the challenges of terrorism, religious and ethnic intolerance in Bangladesh. One of the most important policies was formulating National Education Policy (NEP)-2010 though there are a large number of contradictions about the implementation of the NEP. Needless to say peoples of Bangladesh are the victims of terrorism, religious and ethnic intolerance. The Author’s perception is education itself a catalyst for social change and it is a powerful instrument in the process of overcoming the problems. In other words, author of this paper believe that syllabuses and text books of both general and madrasha education streams of Bangladesh have significant role in educating people to counter terrorism, religious and ethnic intolerance. However, an attempt has been made in this paper through reviewing the current syllabuses and text books of general and madrasha education streams and also through assessing the peoples’ opinions of Bangladesh to know whether the syllabuses and text books are adequately addressing the issues of terrorism, religious and ethnic intolerance or not. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hjsa.v6i0.10715 Himalayan Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol.6 2014: 146-165

Bayesian Two-Part Tobit Models with Left-Censoring, Skewness, and Nonignorable Missingness

In a longitudinal HIV/AIDS study with response data, observations may be missing because of patient dropouts due to drug intolerance or other problems, resulting in nonignorable missing data. In addition to nonignorable missingness, there are also problems of skewness and left-censoring in the response variable because of a lower limit of detection (LOD). There has been relatively little work published simultaneously dealing with these features of longitudinal data. In particular, one of the features may sometimes be the existence of a larger proportion of left-censored data falling below LOD than expected under a usually assumed log-normal distribution. When this happens, an alternative model that can account for a high proportion of censored data should be considered. We present an extension of the random effects Tobit model that incorporates a mixture of true undetectable observations and the values from a skew-normal distribution for an outcome with left-censoring, skewness, and nonignorable missingness. A unifying modeling approach is used to assess the impact of left-censoring, skewness, nonignorable missingness and measurement error in covariates on a Bayesian inference. The proposed methods are illustrated using real data from an AIDS clinical study.

Military Sexual Trauma: An Application of the Toxic Triangle Model

Sexual assault in the military is an intolerable problem. A challenge in dealing with this problem has been the lack of a conceptual framework for comprehensively organizing needed interventions. Adapting the Toxic Triangle model developed by Padilla, Hogan, and Kaiser (2007), we examine military sexual assault from the interacting perspectives of conducive environments, destructive leaders, and susceptible followers. These components support tactical interventions, many of which can be conducted through the existing infrastructure of training and professional military education. Interventions include better leader development, accountability, and assertive followership.

Optimization of microencapsulation of probiotics in raspberry juice by spray drying

AimsProbiotics were microencapsulated in raspberry juice through spray drying. Methods & ResultsA combination of probiotics (Lactobacillus acidophilus NRRL B-4495 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus NRRL B-442) was chosen to offer high viability. Maltodextrin's role as a carbon source was also assessed for its prebiotic potential. Spray drying inlet temperature (°C), total solids: maltodextrin ratio, and inlet feed rate (mL/min) were fixed as independent variables while % recovery, % survival and color were the dependent outputs. Conclusions & SignificanceHigh temperatures during spray drying are detrimental to probiotics and can be circumvented by sub-lethal thermal shock (50 °C for L. acidophilus and 52.5 °C for L. rhamnosus). Increasing the microencapsulating material concentration increased the survival rate of the probiotics.Non-dairy probiotic foods are becoming popular as they do not pose problems of lactose intolerance while they offer an alternative.

Maltrato, exclusión e intolerancia al ser femenino

The problem of abuse, exclusion and intolerance to women is a consequence of practices of domination pervasive in contemporary societies. This problem is manifested in the systematic harassment to women's bodies, to her thoughts and personal lifestyles, which constrains her personal dignity and violates her basic human rights. The approach to this analysis is based on the documentary method and is part of an investigation of health and gender issues in the collegiate body Gender and Sustainable Development in the Autonomous University of Mexico State.

Dairy Products Modified in their Lactose Content

Lactose intolerance is a problem suffered by a large part of the world population. The simplest solution is to remove (partially or completely) dairy products from diet. However, a more convenient alternative from the nutritional viewpoint would be to replace the intake of regular dairy products by others in which the lactose content has been modified. In effect, the dairy products with reduced-lactose and lactose-free contents are examples of added-value products, whose production is targeted to a specific group of consumers. The increased manufacture of these dairy products is driven by the increasing knowledge we have on the lactose intolerance problem. There are different technological methods to modify the lactose content in dairy products, such as enzymatic hydrolysis, ultrafiltration and chromatography. The lactose hydrolysis using β-galactosidases is the strategy most widely used in the industry, making it possible to obtain products with low lactose levels. A wide range of this type of products such as milks, creams, ice-creams and fermented milks, are commercially available around the world. In Latin America, which records a very high incidence of deficient-lactase individuals, there are delactosed products available such as fluid and powder milks and some fermented milks. The consumption of fermented dairy products has undergone a rapid increase in Argentina, where the yogurt is the most popular product. In this context, we are working on different aspects on the production of lactose-hydrolyzed yogurt, as this product is still not available in the Argentinean market. The purpose of this contribution is to review the current knowledge on the lactose intolerance problem and the reducedlactose dairy products, with special emphasis on the applied technological processes. Preliminary results obtained by our research group are also included.

La Profession de foi de Jean-Jacques Rousseau

The Profession of faith of the Savoyard vicar indisputably is that of Rousseau himself. This paper shows that in this profession the philosopher lays out his religious thought in a more systematic way than in his other writings. Starting with the tragic problem of religious intolerance, he defends the possibility to know God by means of a natural theology opposed both to atheist materialism and to the claim of whatever revelation. However, the profession of faith culminates in a remarkable reference to the Gospel, the hermeneutical foundation of which one might question – in line with Gilbert Vincent’s publications.