Governance Problems Research Articles

How Does Technology Empowerment Activate the “Collaborative Inertia” of Grassroots Governance- Systematic Study Based on the Case of “Black Tea Council” in the H Street, Hangzhou

The modernization of grassroots governance is an important foundation for promoting the modernization of state governance. Solving the rigid dilemma faced by the current grassroots governance mechanism and activating the “collaborative inertia” of grassroots pluralistic democratic consultative governance up against technology empowerment can stimulate the activity of grassroots governance, improve governance efficiency, and enrich the theoretical connotation of state governance modernization. Based on the case of the “Black Tea Council” in H Street of Hangzhou, this paper analyzes the innovation of theory and technology in the practice process from the perspective of the choice of governance subject and the determination of management mode. It is found that technology is used to enhance residents’ deliberation ability and enthusiasm for participation, dynamically debug the logical strategy of collaborative resolution of contradictions and disputes, and strengthen the overall concept and humanistic thought of “from an entity to entirety”. Moreover, technology can also grasp the “key minority” to focus on problems and avoid technical alienation and formalism, so as to finally realize the orderly and effective solution to grassroots governance problems.

Regional economy management

This paper focused on the discussion to answer the problems of regional economic governance and how scientific evidence of the use of Technology can be a prospect and challenge in Indonesia's efforts to develop poor areas into prosperous areas. We study with a phenomenological approach that begins with in-depth data analysis techniques, thorough evaluations, and high interpretations to obtain valid data to answer existing problems. After we develop the data and discuss the results, it can be concluded that the government and other parties can develop the national and local economy by utilizing what Technology works with the prospects and challenges. Technology has brought a life that is now wholly industrialized. Therefore, resources are needed that can manage to see Technology in terms of prospects and challenges so that regional economic governance in Indonesia can be implemented.

Beyond Primacy: A Stakeholder Theory of Corporate Governance

We develop a stakeholder theory of corporate governance grounded in classical property rights theory, adopting the view that governance should help free individuals to maximize their collective welfare. In contrast to the agency view of corporate governance, we submit that the central problem in corporate governance is to devise coalitional contracting solutions to the collective action problems inherent in team production and team innovation. Agency problems and other contracting problems resulting from shirking, hold-up, market power, and externalities are best understood in this context. We develop design principles for the allocation of property rights to mitigate each of these contracting problems by reducing stakeholders’ vulnerabilities to opportunistic behaviors. We extend earlier efforts to build a stakeholder theory of corporate governance by considering a more comprehensive set of transactions problems and analyzing the comparative efficiency of different governance arrangements for different types of firm-stakeholder relationships and different economic contexts. One conclusion from our theory is that giving primacy to shareholders, or any other group of stakeholders, is a comparatively inefficient solution to governing the modern global and knowledge-driven corporation. We discuss the implications of our theorizing for the debate about the purpose of the firm.

Effects of Quality of Financial Statements and CEO Turnover

The purpose of this study is to explore the effect of CEO turnover and CFO turnover on earnings management. In addition, Taiwan’s authorities will require listed companies to complete the establishment of audit committee replacing supervisors in 2022. Corporate governance is not an overnight phenomenon. It has been existing from a long time. It is only that the beginning of 21st century when colossal enterprises started to fall, government across globe started giving it due credit. The present paper is an attempt to trace the history of corporate governance. It starts with discussing various theories which led to the development of such an important concept and then dwells on various models in which economies employ corporate governance in their structure and finally the evolution of corporate governance across globe. The paper sheds light on important committees and reforms which have been the genesis of corporate governance across globe. It undertakes an extensive literature review on different aspects of corporate governance. Corporate governance is a concept which still debatable among experts in describing it. The purpose of this study is to explore how the implementation and principal problems of good corporate governance in the management of current limited liability company.

The Efficacy of E-Governance Policy and Practice in Uganda: A Perspective Review

The Arab Spring foregrounded a new reality that a digitally disruptive and highly networked world presents a wicked governance problem for governments seeking to enact effective governance systems in an era where citizen’s unconventional digital mobilization can unseat repressive and unresponsive governments. This reinforces the need for spontaneous, contextually grounded and participatory e-governance mechanisms given their normative and transformative capacity to shift beliefs and norms of policy makers, enhance quality of policy outputs, elicit public confidence and heighten government’s legitimacy. In this paper, the authors assess the efficacy of Uganda’s e-governance policy, praxis and challenges as part of the broader e-governance discourse in the global south. The outcomes reveal that Uganda has instituted excellent legal, institutional and infrastructural e-governance mechanisms, but the conspicuous absence of political will, by an increasingly vulnerable political elite class, hampers sustainability of effective e-governance. Measures like rash and selective application of laws, introduction of new repressive laws, coercive means including violence and arbitrary arrest for dissenting opinions, increased state sponsored online and offline surveillance, internet shutdowns, network disruptions, online harassment, remote intrusion of civil society websites, and censorship, only further shrink civic space ultimately knocking both trust and legitimacy. Therefore, we propose that government prioritizes expansion of civic space to allow favourably reflexive and participatory citizen engagement as a pathway to enhanced quality of policy outputs and governance as a means to achieve its Vision 2040 by way of digital infrastructure, connectivity, legal and institutional frameworks and media freedom are dependent on political will. Keywords: e-governance, infrastructure, connectivity, institutional frameworks, political will DOI: 10.7176/PPAR/12-7-01 Publication date: October 31 st 2022

Від турбулентності до ламінарної динаміки на основі рівноправної конкуренції

The article considers instability as a transcendental phenomenon with signs of irrationality, which has gone beyond the phases of economic crises to engulf the entire society, state and economy. As a result, a global turbulence arises, manifested in repeated fluctuations caused by the clash between personal, corporate, national and other interests. The turbulence in the "new reality" of social development is a result of the propagation of the alleged unsurpassedness of the free market, which in reality faces the failure of its globalization, which in turn gives rise to aspirations for national protectionism. The author considers the relationship between the global largely associated with the "world without borders", and the national, which uses interventionism as a way of protection, as an opposition of "monization" and "fragmentation", which further deepens the existing turbulence and gives rise to the problem of global governance. The author associates the way out of the current situation with socialization, as a way of transferring the social into the formation and development of a self-organizing individuality, who performs conscious economic, social and ethical actions. The latter are a necessary condition for a laminar development of society, state and economy. Such economic, social and ethical actions would result in a fair competition and socialization based on the freedom of activity, self-development, self-organization and the ability to find the limits of the power between society and state, which should ensure economic and political competition.

Analisis Permasalahan Pemerintahan, Pengembangan Bumdes, Kemisikinan Masyarakat desa dan Solusi yang ditawarkan Melalui Edukasi Kepada Masyarakat dan Praktek Kuliah Lapangan

Field practice lectures conducted by lecturers of Government Science study program, FISIP University of Pattimura to the second semester students of the Government Fundamentals class A. A total of 44 students. The targets of field practice for second semester students are (1). Increase students' knowledge about actual issues related to village government problems and the development of Village Owned Enterprises (BUMDES). (2). Increase student knowledge about Bumdes management and settlement models that can be carried out by the Village Government (Pemdes). (3). Increasing students' knowledge of understanding the strength of Bumdes' position as a training ground and developing democracy in a country's life. The field practice method is carried out in stages, namely (1). The survey stages include an initial assessment to the Financial and Development Supervisory Agency (BPKP) of Maluku Province to become one of the FGD resource persons, compiling materials and activity times (2). The implementation stages are activities carried out in Study Room 10 FISIP campus, Pattimura University, Focus Grub Discussion (FGD), problem analysis of Maluku Village Owned Enterprises (Bumdes). The field practicum used an approach, namely the training method and FGD for FISIP students, Pattimura University. The primary data carried out is a literature review and analysis of students' understanding of the discussion. The findings obtained are (1) the Realization of Village Funds (DD) has increased and can facilitate development programs and village community empowerment. (2). The distribution of village funds has the impact of reducing the poverty rate from 2014-2019, which has decreased by 1.32 percent. (3). The factors that become problems in the management of Bumdes in Maluku are (1). Extremely poor (2). Dependence on Central Government Transfer Funds. (3). Natural Resources Potential Not yet managed optimally. (4). Village Owned Enterprises (Bumdes) have not operated as they should. (5). The King/To the State Village Hasn't Been an Economic Driver. (6). Misuse of Village Funds

The Settlement of Armed Criminal Groups Case in Papua: Ended with Secession?

The Papuan Armed Criminal Group (KKB) has been a hereditary problem for the Indonesian government. Their demand to secede from the Republic of Indonesia was the main reason why this group was formed. Because the Government has not responded to the demands of the KKB, it led this group to carry out acts of terror against the society in Papua. One of the cases that have recently attracted media attention is the KKB’s attack that killed several workers in Beoga, Puncak district, Papua. The study aims to analyze and evaluate the settlement of terrorism cases carried out by KKB. This normative legal research relied on secondary data. The results of the study indicate that in international law, the context of referendum exists only in the context of decolonization and non-self-governing territory. The government's move by considering the KKB as a separatist terrorist group and not accepting KKB's demands for a referendum or mediation is one of the right steps. Acts of terrorism cannot be tolerated even though they are related to human rights because it is regulated in legislation

Hurricane María and Public Health in Puerto Rico: Lessons Learned to Increase Resiliency and Prepare for Future Disasters.

Background:On September 20, 2017, Hurricane Maria, a devastating Category 5 storm struck the Caribbean Island of Puerto Rico and officially took the lives of 2 975 people although the Harvard University survey in 2018 placed that number much higher at 4 645 [12]. The island’s infrastructure was devastated. Eight months later in May 2020, many vital services including telecommunications, utilities, and health care systems had not yet been repaired.Objectives:To (1) review the immediate public health problems and the longer-term repercussions of Hurricane Maria; (2) identify pre-existing infrastructural deficiencies, health disparities, and problems in governance that may have increased vulnerability and delayed recovery; and (3) offer proposals for preventive measures to increase resiliency and adequately prepare Puerto Rico for future disasters.Methods:Data from the CDC and the Puerto Rico’s Health Department were collected and analyzed. Government publications, news articles, scholarly journal entries and previous research were examined. Interviews were conducted with local citizens and public health professionals. The author’s personal experience is referenced.Findings:The Puerto Rican Electric Power Authority (PREPA) and the Puerto Rico Aqueduct and Sewer Authority (PRASA) both had severely weakened infrastructures before the hurricane as a result of a massive financial crisis that had begun in 2006. These pre-existing weaknesses increased vulnerability and made reconstruction more challenging. Approximately 95% of the cell towers in Puerto Rico sustained significant damage during the hurricane and resulted in almost total loss of cell phone communication [3]. Subpar management of relief efforts by both federal agencies and the local government further hindered recovery, resulting in mass emigration of Puerto Ricans. The public health problems of Hurricane Maria continue to plague Puerto Rico’s citizens and will have long-term consequences.Conclusion:Lack of resilience in Puerto Rico’s infrastructure and government agencies rendered the island highly vulnerable to the detrimental effects of Hurricane María. Improvements to infrastructures and a transition towards a more sustainable way of life could improve Puerto Rico’s preparation and response to future disasters – natural and human-made.

Can Public Organizations Perform Like Private Firms? The Role of Heterogeneous Resources and Practices

Despite the well-known governance problems in public (state-owned) organizations, such as process rigidity, limited autonomy, and weak incentives, public organizations exhibit substantial performance heterogeneity, with some performing similarly to their private counterparts. In this paper, we scrutinize those sources of heterogeneous performance based on the interplay of management practices and resources. We argue that the governance constraints in public organizations inhibit the adoption of performance-enhancing practices. However, this negative effect is attenuated by the presence of distinct resources, such as human capital. We examine these effects in the context of over 9,000 public and private schools in Brazil. We find that private schools are more likely to use internal operational practices, such as planning and human resource management, as well as practices of engaging with external stakeholders. Differential adoption of these practices partially explains why private schools outperform their public counterparts in terms of student learning. Yet, access to highly educated teachers in public schools attenuates the negative association between public governance and the adoption of superior practices. In other words, schools with skilled teachers are more likely to adopt superior practices, thus reducing their performance gap compared with private schools. This result suggests that heterogeneous resource endowments—in our context, human capital—can soften governance constraints that inhibit performance-enhancing practices in public organizations. We thus show that heterogeneous practices and resources jointly explain not only performance differences across public and private organizations but also variations in the performance of organizations with the same governance form. Funding: This work was supported by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico [Grant 428670/2016-4]; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo [Grants 2016/18423-3 and 2017/07423-5]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2022.1634 .

Akuntansi Pengelolaan Wakaf Produktif Dalam Rangka Pemberdayaan Ummat di Kua Kecamatan Percut Sei Tuan

Waqf management The Kantor Urusan Agama (KUA) is still not optimal and effective in managing waqf waqf assets, so far the Kantor Urusan Agama (KUA) has intervened in all management matters, left it entirely to nadzir, waqf administration is a component of the future, and creates waqf for the future. in accordance with the reason for waqf, at that time the wakif must be served well, then the Kantor Urusan Agama (KUA) Percut Sei Tuan as a foundation must serve the local area seriously. This study aims to break down how the Kantor Urusan Agama (KUA) of Percut Sei Tuan District supervises and serves waqf. The strategy used in this examination is subjective. The strategy for information sharing utilizes interview procedures, perceptions, and documentation. The institutional issue that becomes a basic need is that the work of the Badan Wakaf Indonesia (BWI) in Percut Sei Tuan Regency is not yet ideal. The focal point of government problems is the absence of government support and work. The answer to the need for the main problem is the direction to Nazhir.
 Keywords: Accountancy, Empowerment, Management, Productive Waqf

A Review of Contemporary Governance Challenges in Oman: Can Blockchain Technology Be Part of Sustainable Solutions?

Oman is considering adopting the latest e-governance technology, including Blockchain-based. While much research was conducted into the benefits and risks of Blockchain-based in information systems and finance fields, fewer researchers investigated the opportunities and risks associated with adopting Blockchain-based frameworks for governance and public administration, especially in highly bureaucratic, centralized rentier states, such as Oman. As the first phase of an exploratory sequential mixed-methods study, our purpose was to identify key governance problems in contemporary Oman and analyze each problem against evidence drawn from the relevant parts of the Blockchain-based and e-governance literature to evaluate the potential utility, risks and limitations associated with adopting block-chained e-governance solutions in the Sultanate. Our initial results indicate that there are advantages for states, such as Oman, from being an early mover into block-chained e-governance systems, including greater cost efficiency, drastically improved accuracy and reliability of information systems, transparency and accountability of public services, and an upgrade in the overall level of legitimacy and public trust in the institutions of governance. However, more research into the risks related to reconciling block-chained systems with the dynamics of labor, tax reforms and centralized authority in a rentier social contract is required.

The Effects of Shareholding of the National Pension Fund on Environmental, Social, Governance, and Financial Performance: Evidence from the Korean Manufacturing Industry

With the growing number of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) problems, many companies have begun to implement more sustainable business practices. In the midst of this change, institutional shareholders declare and adopt socially responsible investment procedures, which is a way of engaging in investor activism. Despite the growing interest in investor activism following the introduction of the stewardship code, little attention has been paid to how socially responsible investment practices of institutional investors affect the non-financial value of the pillars of environmental, social, and governance as well as financial performance, including short-term accounting (ROE, ROA) and long-term market performance (Tobin q). The current study examines whether the national pension fund (NPF), the world’s third-largest Korean pension fund, can increase the ESG performance of investee firms in addition to accounting and market performance through institutional investors’ shareholding. This study, by applying path analysis, attempts to explore the relationship between the NPF’s socially responsible investing, ESG, and the financial performance of the investee firms. This research offers evidence that ESG performance acts as a moderator or a mediator between NPF’s shareholding and financial performance.

Study on MSIR Motivation Based on SNA

The lack of social responsibility in megaproject has been frequent in recent years, causing serious waste of resources and posing a huge governance problem for the sustainable development of such projects. In order to solve this governance challenge, an in-depth study of the reasons for the lack of social responsibility is needed. This paper constructs a social responsibility stakeholder network model with "positive" (better fulfillment of social responsibility) and "negative" (lack of social responsibility) dimensions based on five major infrastructure projects, such as the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge, and analyzes the relationship between stakeholders and accident victims based on the comparison of the two network models. The impact of the stakeholder connection on the accident is examined via a comparison of the two network models. Finally, this study attributes the causes of the lack of social responsibility in large infrastructures to insufficient stakeholder connection, low participation, over-reliance on third parties for information transfer, and being in an information isolation. This study improves the social responsibility governance system for Megaproject.

Investigation on the Construction of Urban Intelligent Emergency Management System Based on Data Mining Technology

Urban management is one of the most prominent problems in modern and contemporary social governance. With the scale of the city, the flow of industries and population becomes larger and larger, and the city takes on more and more risks and emergencies. In order to minimize losses and prevent in advance, early drills are often the best way to prevent emergencies. This paper aims to use data mining technology to design a smart city emergency management system to achieve the role of early warning of emergency time and emergency response to emergency events. In response to this, this paper proposes the EIM-DS algorithm, an optimized data mining algorithm based on high-utility itemset mining. This paper improves the threshold setting and data classification method, which greatly develops the execution efficiency of the algorithm. In addition, an intelligent emergency management system is also designed based on the optimization algorithm. The system focuses on analyzing enterprise data, emergency data and emergency command data. The combination of the three data can evaluate the order of the entire city. The experimental results of this paper prove that the calculation time of the algorithm in this paper is about 50% lower than that of other algorithms under different datasets, which has better efficiency, and the designed system can run more smoothly through black-box and white-box experiments.

Gender Perceptions of Religiusity and Machiavellian on Tax Evasion: an Empiric Study of Personal Taxpayers

Tax evasion has long been a problem for governments around the world. This study examines the influence of religiosity, Machiavellian, and gender on tax evasion, as well as the role of gender in moderating the relationship between religiosity and Machiavellian on tax evasion. The sample of this research is 120 respondents who already have NPWP in Jakarta and surrounding areas. The study's results prove that religiosity has a positive effect on tax evasion, and Machiavellian has no effect on tax evasion. In contrast, gender has a significant negative effect on tax evasion. In addition, gender can moderate the relationship between religiosity against tax evasion, but gender cannot moderate the relationship between Machiavellian and tax evasion.

Irregular migration and governance: implications for Nigeria

The global irregular migration crisis has gained momentum in the 21st century due to the high fatality rates and risks among vulnerable migrants in their quest to cross the scorching desert and violent sea. Irregular migration is the movement of people illegally and without the required or proper documentation across international borders. Migration is as old as humanity. Today, Africa faces the enormous challenges of high migratory flows across the Sahara Desert via North Africa and the Mediterranean Sea into Europe. The challenges of this trend include human trafficking, xenophobia, organ harvesting, and insecurity. Nigeria is not exempt from this crisis irrespective of its endowed natural/human resources, the advent of democracy, and its prominent role as the biggest economy in Africa. Nigeria is rated low in infrastructural and human capital development among nations. Many vulnerable youths are leaving the country in droves for a better living standard. This study examines the trends, triggers, and problems of governance on irregular migration and the implications for Nigeria. The study employs data from secondary sources such as journals, reports, books, and the internet for analysis. Also, the security theory of migration was employed to explain the irregular migration trends. The findings reveal that significant Nigerian youths are irregularly migrating in droves to Asia, the Middle East, and some African countries, But not only to Europe. It shows a thriving and growing industry of irregular migrants’ handlers in the country because of ineffective migration policies, unemployment, poverty, and porous borders. The study concludes that a more comprehensive public policy approach towards addressing unemployment, crushing poverty, humanitarian crises, insecurity, poor governance with attendant consequences of mismanagement of resources, and corruption would perhaps reduce the rise in irregular migration.

Sustainable Innovation on Urban Landscape Construction and Ecological Water Environment Governance Process

Abstract In recent years, various cities have continued to build urban landscapes with typical characteristics, but most of the urban landscape constructions are too similar. There is even a problem that the urban landscape is not recognised by the local people, and the same is true for the problem of ecological water governance. This article aims to study the sustainable innovation of urban landscape construction and ecological water environment governance process. To this end, this article proposes fuzzy comprehensive evaluation criteria and goals, through this evaluation system to evaluate the urban landscape construction and ecological water environment management process, and at the same time design experiments to investigate. The experimental results of this paper show that the evaluation system can help improve the urban landscape construction and ecological water environment management. At the same time, the analysis results show that under this evaluation system, urban residents’ satisfaction with the urban landscape has increased by 47 %. At the same time, the effect of water treatment has also been improved, with an improvement effect of 31 %. For the actual governance process, the effect is huge.

Leadership and power sharing in Nigerian federalism: issues and perspectives

Federalism is a practical political cum constitutional design for managing complex governmental problems usually associated with ethno-religious and cultural diversity. The abysmal performance of the Nigerian state in the area of development and national integration since independence in 1960 has been attributed mainly to the quality, nature, and character of the nation's leaders. The paper examines the impact of leadership and power-sharing on Nigeria's Federalism, focusing on the issues and perspectives. Exploratory research design, documentary sources, and qualitative descriptive data gathering and analysis methods were adopted. Anchoring our discourse on the Self-Reliance theory, findings amongst others revealed that; the attitudes of Nigeria's political class in their intra-class struggle for political power to consolidate on their primitive accumulation of wealth developed a penchant for aggravating existing cleavages by interpreting politics in terms of survival of ethnic or regional entities. This explains the reasons for the agitation by every region/ethnic group to produce a president or governor at the federal and state levels. The paper recommends, amongst others, that; there should be an emergence of leaders with nationalist appeal who would be more interested in building a nation out of the diverse ethnic and religious nationalities as found presently in Nigeria.

BASIC CONCEPTS OF STATE GOVERNANCE OF DEPARTMENTAL MEDICINE IN UKRAINE

The article is devoted to the study of the categorical-conceptual apparatus of state governance in the field of health care and departmental medicine in Ukraine. The article highlights the definitions, principles of functioning of the health care sector, state governance of the health care sector and state governance of departmental medicine, which is a functional entity that is able to unify approaches to medical care, its availability and quality. The study of the problem of state governance of departmental medicine in Ukraine in wartime necessitated the analysis of scientific interpretations of the basic concepts: “medicine”, ”departmental medicine”, ”health care», «state governance”, “state governancein the field of health care “I”. The current state of the medical industry in Ukraine is characterized by low efficiency of available financial and economic, logistical and human resources, slow pace of change in the implementation of innovative diagnostic methods and technologies and lack of understanding of standards and indicators of quality and management in providing medical services to all patients. departmental health care. The Sustainable Development Strategy “Ukraine – 2030” envisages the implementation of reforms and programs of state development and reform of the health care system: creation of a patient-oriented system capable of providing medical care for all citizens of Ukraine at the level of developed European countries; increasing the personal responsibility of citizens for their own health (Strategy-of-sustainable-development-of-Ukraine-until-2030, 2017). Which prompted the study of the problem of state governance of Ukrainians departmental medicine.