Falsification Problem Research Articles

Falsification of hybrid systems with symbolic reachability analysis and trajectory splicing

The falsification of a hybrid system aims at finding trajectories that violate a given safety property. This is a challenging problem, and the practical applicability of current falsification algorithms still suffers from their high time complexity. In contrast to falsification, verification algorithms aim at providing guarantees that no such trajectories exist. Recent symbolic reachability techniques are capable of efficiently computing linear constraints that enclose all trajectories of the system with reasonable precision. In this paper, we leverage the power of symbolic reachability algorithms to improve the scalability of falsification techniques. Recent approaches to falsification reduce the problem to a nonlinear optimization problem. We propose to reduce the search space of the optimization problem by adding linear state constraints obtained with a reachability algorithm. An empirical study of how varying abstractions during symbolic reachability analysis affect the performance of solving a falsification problem is presented. In addition, for solving a falsification problem, we propose an alternating minimization algorithm that solves a linear programming problem and a non-linear programming problem in alternation finitely many times. We showcase the efficacy of our algorithms on a number of standard hybrid systems benchmarks demonstrating the performance increase and number of falsifyable instances.

Design of countermeasure to packet falsification in vehicle platooning by explainable artificial intelligence

In view of system reliability, extraction of knowledge from models of artificial intelligence may be more important than their forecasting ability. The elaboration of rules found by explainable artificial intelligence gives here insight into the problem of packet falsification in vehicle platooning. Detection and countermeasure are designed on the basis of feature and value ranking as well as rule confidence and they are validated under a large range of working conditions. The certification of safe operating conditions is found by achieving (statistically) zero false negatives, namely, the operating conditions predicted as ‘safe’ never lead to collision despite the cyber attack.

The use of paired comparison test on the goat's milk adulteration detection (whole and semiskimmed)

AbstractDairy goat products are in high demand in both traditional and new emerging markets. Compared to cow milk, goat milk and its products are increasingly preferred for their health and nutritional benefits such as greater digestibility and lipid metabolism. As a result, it appears that goat's milk consumers and manufacturers encounter the problem of goat's milk falsification with cow's milk. In this study, paired comparison tests were performed by adding varying amounts of cow's milk to the whole and semiskimmed goat's milk to determine to what extent the consumer can detect its falsification. As the amount of cow's milk reaches 50%, the detection of goat's milk adulteration becomes visible. This identification of goat milk adulteration by cow's milk is more marked in semiskimmed milk than in whole milk. This nondetection of whole goat milk adulteration by small amounts of cow's milk may be due to the milk's unique organoleptic characteristics, including an intense smell and a strong flavor. Furthermore, no parameter tested in our study had any effect on detecting potential adulteration of goat's milk.Practical applicationsThis work highlighted a practical and rapid method for the detection of possible goat's milk adulteration (whole and semiskimmed) by cow's milk using a paired comparison test.

О некоторых вопросах противодействия фальсификации финансовых документов учета и отчетности финансовой организации

This article discusses the severity of the problem of falsification of financial accounting documents and financial statements of a financial organization. Particular attention is paid to the criminal methods of such behavior. The significance and main directions of countering this criminal behavior are determined, first of all, through the organization of various forms of control. At the same time, the features of those forms that are implemented within the framework of individual specific organizations and enterprises are revealed.

Blockchain Traceability to Ensure the Veracity of Diplomas

Higher education institutions are considered one of the most important pillars and the greatest starting points from which the wheels of development and civilized advancement are launched, as well as their important role in instilling the values of society and preserving its moral and value system. In performing the role entrusted to it in achieving sustainable development and the comprehensive renaissance of society in various field and sectors. Thus; the accreditation systems are frequently used to verify which institutions are recognized and authorized to giveeducational or professional skills. However, these systems are not always efficient in countries where recognized higher education establishments cannot rally the demand for certified professionals required by the employment market. This generates a fertile argument for the “certificate factories” to sell false diplomas to unskilled people who are trying to catchbenefit of this deficit. In this regard, the digitization of diploma granting’s and verification’s processes, is becomingincreasingly important in order to guarantee the identity of diplomas, and that companies recruit the right qualified people. For that reason, an efficient management system for the control of diploma creation processes is immediatelymandatory. The Blockchain methodology provides efficient ways to examine the data information management systems. It is designed to make confidence techniques that can revolutionize information management methods. The major purpose of this paper is to develop a “BlockDipls” system based on Blockchain technology. This BlockDipls system is planned to support diploma traceability and smart contract functions, and can be used to address the problems of diploma falsification and diploma record fraud.

NATURAL HONEY MARKET

Background. Ukraine is one of the five largest producers and exporters of honey in the world.The problem of falsification of natural bee honey is urgent, which threatens the reputation of domestic products and can lead to a decrease in sales and may cause an export restrictions. The aim of the article is to analyze the current state, problems and prospects of development of the domestic market of bee honey. Materials and methods. Analysis, synthesis, statistical methods for assessing the dyna­mics and structure, scientific generalization and comparison of data from scientific sources. Results. The article analyzes the current state of the natural honey market in Ukraine, analyzes the dynamics of its production, quantity and structure of exports and imports. It is established that the production of natural honey in Ukraine has an unstable dynamics, while the quantity of exports of this product from Ukraine over the past 7 years has increased more than 5 times. Imports of honey to Ukraine are insignificant. The re­quirements to natural honey in Ukraine and the EU and the problems faced by domestic honey exporters are analyzed. It is established that the requirements for the quality of natural honey in the EU are high, these requirements have been implemented in Ukrai­nian legislation since 2019 and by 2023 will be mandatory for all market operators in Ukraine. The most common types of honey falsification in the domestic and world markets are described. It has been established that such methods of natural honey falsification as feeding bees with various preparations and syrups, forgery of parameters and characteristics of honey, admixture or complete replacement of natural honey with sugar syrups, etc. Conclusion. The Ukrainian honey market is one of the most promising and export-capable. However, it is characterized by a large number of problems that inhibit its development and require urgent solution. Further research in this area may be aimed at developing public policy measures to support the beekeeping industry and prevent honey counterfeiting.

Роль публичной дипломатии в разоблачении фальсификаций политической истории в условиях современной информационной войны

The article considers the problems of falsification of political history as an instrument of modern information war on the eve of the significant historical anniversary for Russia – the 75th anniversary of the victory in the Great Patriotic War. The author believes that it is especially important today to use the tools of public diplomacy to expose falsifications of political history and key events of the Second World War from the rostrum of world political forums and media channels. As an example, the author considers the reaction of the world community to the statements of Vladimir Putin at the Fifth International Forum in Memory of the Victims of the Holocaust in Israel in January 2020, where the focus was on the role of the Soviet Union and the Red Army in the victory over Nazism.

Management of Data in Higher Education and the Quality of Academic Research of University Lecturers: A Case Study in South-South Nigeria

The existing body of knowledge has witnessed gaps arising from the paucity of research literature on the quality of educational research output in higher education. This study shows how the management of data in higher education affects the quality of academic research conducted by university lecturers in South-South Nigeria. The study adopted a factorial research design. The population of this study includes all the Faculty of Education academic staff in both public and private universities situated in South-South Nigeria. Using results of a survey administered to a sample of 602 accessible lecturers during data collection, one research question and one null hypothesis were resolved in the study. Multiple regression was employed in the analysis of data. Findings revealed amongst others that; data storage, data security, data retrieval, data sharing, and data re-use jointly contributed to the total variance in educational research effectiveness in terms of proper citations by 56.25%, problem-solving by 22.14%, knowledge creation by 34.50%, and generation of testable data by 36.88%; and their composite influence on educational research effectiveness in terms of proper citations, problem-solving, knowledge creation, and generation of testable data, is statistically significant. Based on the findings of this study, it was concluded that data management practices play an important role in higher education that significantly influences the quality of research output in universities in South-South Nigeria. It was recommended among others that, there should be an up-to-date database or data warehouse in Ministries of Education where researchers can easily access data in order to increase the quality of researches by eliminating the problems of data fabrication and falsification.

Counterfeit medicines and combating in the Russian Federation

Summary. Falsification of medicines is a global problem in the modern world.
 The aim of the work is to analyze the problem of falsification of drugs in the Russian pharmaceutical market and measures to counter the creation and distribution of counterfeit drugs.
 Methods. Collection, systematization and analysis of modern data of scientific literature and the results of their own research on the relevant problem.
 Results. The share of counterfeit pharmaceutical products in Russia can reach 12%. The most common category of counterfeit drugs on the Russian pharmaceutical market the so-called drugs-copies. Visual distinctive features of counterfeit drugs are presented. According to the survey of pharmacy workers, 22.5% of pharmacists and pharmacists met with counterfeit drugs in their practice. The effectiveness of measures to combat counterfeit drugs in Russia is discussed. Huge hopes in this regard are placed on the track and Trance drug monitoring system.
 Conclusion. The fight against drug counterfeits must be systematic and involve all stakeholders. It is necessary to identify counterfeits at all stages of promotion of medicines from the manufacturer to the consumer. It is important for drug manufacturers to disseminate information about the distinctive features of their original products. The health Ministry promptly inform the pharmacy network about detected counterfeits. Employees of pharmacies should be familiar with modern methods of detecting counterfeit. Consumers medications needed to use the capabilities of the new system of monitoring medicines Track and Trance.

Проблемы фальсификации молочной продукции

Проблемы фальсификации молочной продукции

Management of Data in Higher Education and the Quality of Academic Research of University Lecturers: A Case Study in South-South Nigeria

The existing body of knowledge has witnessed gaps arising from the paucity of research literature on the quality of educational research output in higher education. This study shows how the management of data in higher education affects the quality of academic research conducted by university lecturers in South-South Nigeria. The study adopted a factorial research design. The population of this study includes all the Faculty of Education academic staff in both public and private universities situated in South-South Nigeria. Using results of a survey administered to a sample of 602 accessible lecturers during data collection, one research question and one null hypothesis were resolved in the study. Multiple regression was employed in the analysis of data. Findings revealed amongst others that; data storage, data security, data retrieval, data sharing, and data re-use jointly contributed to the total variance in educational research effectiveness in terms of proper citations by 56.25%, problem-solving by 22.14%, knowledge creation by 34.50%, and generation of testable data by 36.88%; and their composite influence on educational research effectiveness in terms of proper citations, problem-solving, knowledge creation, and generation of testable data, is statistically significant. Based on the findings of this study, it was concluded that data management practices play an important role in higher education that significantly influences the quality of research output in universities in South-South Nigeria. It was recommended among others that, there should be an up-to-date database or data warehouse in Ministries of Education where researchers can easily access data in order to increase the quality of researches by eliminating the problems of data fabrication and falsification.

Political science and problems of falsification of political history

Political science and problems of falsification of political history

Using Histological Analysis to Detect Mincemeat Falsification

The article considers the problem of the quality and falsification of semi-finished meat products in the Russian Federation. The studies carried out based on the Perm Agrarian and Technological University in 2019. Samples of artificially falsified minced meat controlled by intact ground beef used as material for research. Shredded liver, kidneys, lungs, udder, diaphragm are introduced into the test samples. The tests were carried out by the histological method, according to GOST 19496-2013. By using histological analysis of minced striated muscles obtained images striation characteristic of skeletal musculature. In the cytoplasm of individual myocytes, sarcocystis found that was quite high. Comparative analysis mincemeat with minced skeletal and diaphragmatic muscles revealed it hard to detect as falsification. However, it's possible given some morphological differences between skeletal and diaphragmatic muscle fibers. In the process of microscopy of minced meat samples, without falsified by-products, inclusions of the corresponding tissues are easily visualized. As a result, we can conclude that histological analysis is a reasonably reliable way to determine the composition of chopped meat products. Unfortunately, the current standard is the mandatory histological identification of semi-finished products only if there is a disagreement on the structure of the raw material. That is, the problem of falsification lies not only in the dishonesty of producers but also in the presence of regulatory requirements governing the requirements for meat and meat products.

Quality and safety of goods in modern conditions

We studied the safety of food products in the face of increasing risks of falsification. The methods of identification and quality assessment of some groups of goods are considered. The statistics of supplies of imported goods during the economic crisis are given. The problem of falsification of products arose in Russia in the 90s due to the abolition of the mandatory application of standards and state acceptance of products, the introduction of free enterprise, the reorganization of control and veterinary services. The production of domestic products at the state level has stopped. The amount of agricultural land used has decreased. To streamline the problem, laws and technical regulations (TR) were adopted, which are designed for potentially hazardous products and provide for its circulation on the market only after confirming that the products comply with the TR requirements. However, the problem of falsification of products today remains quite acute. Various aspects of product safety are considered. The information on the types of hazards arising from the consumption of food products associated with factors such as: packaging materials; the use of harmful technologies in the production of food products; growing agricultural products of plant and animal origin with excessive use of stimulants for various purposes. In order to protect public health, this information should be available to consumers of these products. Marking should carry complete information about the product. Eco-labeling should appear on safe products. The government should tighten control over the production of food raw materials and food products, as well as encourage producers of environmentally friendly products.

Publish or Drop Traffic Event Alerts? Quality-aware Decision Making in Participatory Sensing-based Vehicular CPS

Vehicular cyber-physical systems (VCPS), among several other applications, may help address an ever-increasing challenge of traffic congestion in large cities. Nevertheless, VCPS can be hindered by information falsification problem, resulting due to the wrong perception of a traffic event or deliberate faking by the participating vehicles. Such information fabrication causes the re-routing of vehicles and artificial congestion, leading to economic, safety, environmental, and health hazards. Thus, it is imperative to infer truthful traffic information in real-time to restore the operational reliability of the VCPS. In this work, we propose a novel reputation scoring and decision support framework, called Spoofed and False Report Eradicator (SAFE) , which offers a cost-effective and efficient solution to handle information falsification problem in the VCPS domain. The framework includes humans in the sensing loop by exploiting the paradigm of participatory sensing , a concept of a mobile security agent (MSA) to nullify the effects of deliberate false contribution, and a variant of the distance bounding mechanism to thwart location-spoofing attacks. A regression-based model integrates these effects to generate the expected truthfulness of a participant’s contribution. To determine if any contribution is true or false, a generalized linear model is used to transform the expected truthfulness into a Quality of Contribution (QoC) score. The QoC of different reports is aggregated to compute user reputation. Such reputation enables classification of different participation behaviors. Finally, an Expected Utility Theory (EUT) -based decision model is proposed that utilizes the reputation score to determine if event-specific information should be published or dropped. To evaluate the SAFE framework through experimental study, we used both simulated and real data to compare its reputation-based user segregation performance with state-of-the-art frameworks. Experimental results exhibit that SAFE captures the fine differences in participants’ behavior through the quality and quantity of participation, and the accuracy of their informed location. It also significantly improves operational reliability through publishing the information of only legitimate events.

Worst-case Satisfaction of STL Specifications Using Feedforward Neural Network Controllers

In this paper, a reinforcement learning approach for designing feedback neural network controllers for nonlinear systems is proposed. Given a Signal Temporal Logic (STL) specification which needs to be satisfied by the system over a set of initial conditions, the neural network parameters are tuned in order to maximize the satisfaction of the STL formula. The framework is based on a max-min formulation of the robustness of the STL formula. The maximization is solved through a Lagrange multipliers method, while the minimization corresponds to a falsification problem. We present our results on a vehicle and a quadrotor model and demonstrate that our approach reduces the training time more than 50 percent compared to the baseline approach.

The characteristics of regulation of pharmaceutical market of the Eurasian Economical Union

The article considers one of the most pressing problems - the turnover of medicines within the common pharmaceutical market of the Eurasian Economic Union. The drug market is an essential aspect of social policy, reflecting general welfare of citizens and the level of the country's national security. The object of the study is the importation of medicines into the customs territory of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), and the subject is the social and legal relationship when importing medicines, problems and ways to improve the procedure of importing medicines into the territory of the EAEU. At the present stage of development of civil society, a number of countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States are closely cooperating in improving the quality and level of living of population, complying with basic social guarantees, including providing affordable and high-quality medical and drug assistance. The indicator of country's development in the field of medicine is the ability to develop and to test drugs, because these processes are considered as the most complex, expensive and risky, as well as to control the circulation of drugs created by "pseudo-companies" producing counterfeits for well-known pharmaceutical companies. The problem of falsification leads to an outflow of capital outside the EEU, threat to health and lives of consumers, violation of the right holders' rights, discredit foundations of the state structure of the EEU member countries that are not able to provide guarantees for the safety of drug consumption. The creation of common pharmaceutical market within the Eurasian Economic Union will in the future not only provide control of circulation of medicines on the territory of the EAEU, but also contribute to the development of national pharmaceutical industry by expanding distribution channels and expanding range of drugs produced by foreign manufacturers established on the territory of the EAEU.

Tinjauan Yuridis Tindak Pidana Pemalsuan Dokumen Pernikahaan Terhadap Anggota TNI Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 25 Tahun 2014 (Studi Kasus Putusan No: 44-K/PM.I-02/AD/IV/2018 Pengadilan Militer I-02 Medan)

Legal arrangements regarding falsification in the Military Disciplinary Law and knowing the application of criminal law in military justice in the falsification of marriage data documents in decision No. 44-K / PM.I-02 / AD / IV / 2018. This type of research is used normative juridical. Retrieval of data in this study is by taking a copy of the decision regarding the problem of falsification of data falsification documents carried out by individual TNI. The application of criminal law against the perpetrators of falsified criminal acts in the examination of the decision Number: 44-K / PM.I-02 / AD / IV / 2018, the defendant was charged using the indictment of Article 263 paragraph (2) of the Criminal Code and Article 279 paragraph (1) to -1 Criminal Code. Furthermore, the judges' legal considerations in imposing criminal sanctions on the defendant in the decision Number 44-K / PM.I-02 / AD / IV / 2018 the defendant was convicted with a basic prison sentence of 10 (ten) months and charged to pay the cost of a trial case because it was legally proven and convincing falsification.

Scientific-practical approaches to the management of safety and efficiency of pharmaceutical supply chains by using digital technologies

Aim. To substantiate the expediency of introducing digital technologies for the improvement of pharmaceutical supply chains, increase of transparency of their functioning, which is a guarantee of protectionagainst penetration into the flow processes of falsified and counterfeit pharmaceuticals.Materials and methods. The abstract-logical and monographic methods, methods of control questioning and system analysis were used.Results. It has been proven that the problem of drug falsification is one of the most urgent in the pharmaceutical sector of the healthcare system, and the success of its solution largely depends on the construction of efficient, reliable and safe supply chains, in which modern digital technologies are implemented. A review of the practice of the “blockchain” technology in the process of digitalization of pharmaceuticallogistics and the supply chain management in leading countries and companies has been performed. The essence of the “blockchain” technology and prospects of its application in the pharmaceutical sector of the healthcare system has been revealed. The awareness level of the staff of domestic pharmaceutical companies and pharmacy warehousesregarding the blockchain technology has been analyzed, and the degree of readiness of higher and middle managers for its implementation has been assessed. The causes hindering the process of introduction ofmodern digital technologies into the activity of the domestic pharmaceutical sector of the healthcare system have been determined. The process model of pharmaceutical supply chains with the use of the blockchain technology has been constructed.Conclusions. The introduction of the scientific and methodological developments proposed to protect supply chains from counterfeit pharmaceutical products will enhance the transparency and controllability of the flow processes in pharmacy and improve the quality of drug provision of the population.

FALSIFICATION OF HISTORY AS A THREAT TO RUSSIA’S NATIONAL SECURITY

Introduction.The politicization of history performs a completely technological task of ensuring the legitimacy of a particular political regime and mobilizing public opinion of various social groups. At the same time, the problem of the politicization of history is not one thing: this phenomenon has its own subspecies.Methods.In this scientific article we turn to the phenomenon of falsifying history as a threat to Russia’s national security.Results.Throughout2018, in a special section, scientific articles on the falsification of history were published in a special section on the pages of the Academic Journal “Historical and Social-Educational Idea”. So, for example, the authors of the texts published in the journal touched upon the problems of modern “tsarebozhie”, interpenetration of cultures of Russia and Byzantium, the formation and development of the education system of the Muslim peoples of the North Caucasus (late XVIII - XIX centuries), falsification of the history of the organization of the Kabardian and Balkarian Police after the Civil War (1920-1923), the role of China in the victory over Militaristic Japan, the false interpretation of historical facts as a threat to the national security of the Russian Federation, the historical memory of students and the region and the problems of its falsification, falsification of drugs in Russia.Conclusions.The problem of falsifying history has a wide spectrum of ideological possibilities for destabilizing the political order of the state. Researchers pay attention to the destructive potential of falsifying history. Of course, in this matter there is a controversy of judgments, however, the scientific community is unanimous in the opinion that the problems of falsification and politicization of history deserve close analytical attention.