Environmental Pollution Problems Research Articles

Problems of environmental pollution with microplastic waste and ways to solve them

This review scrutinizes the pervasive presence and intricate impacts of microplastics on the environment and human health. Recognizing the limitations of plastic food packaging, we propose sustainable alternatives, including traditional materials like palm leaves and innovative options like bioplastics and edible packaging. The outlined characteristics of ideal food packaging materials provide a practical guide for transitioning away from conventional plastics.

Діагностика перспектив розвитку підприємств з переробки ТПВ

The article diagnoses the prospects for the development of enterprises for the processing of solid household waste (SHW). It is specified that improving the quality of services provided by enterprises and the transition to European standards in the field of removal, utilization and processing of solid waste is a top priority, as Ukraine seeks to become a member of the EU in the future. It is noted that recycling is an important component of sustainable development and contributes to the creation of a more efficient and environmentally conscious economy for enterprises and the country. The most common types of solid waste recycling are presented, each of which is aimed at transforming a specific type of waste. The paper analyzes successful business cases that have already been implemented as a result of recycled solid waste and introduced into practice in other countries of the world. It is noted that some Ukrainian enterprises in collaboration with foreign partners have actively begun to implement similar cases. It is noted that a promising direction is the energy sector, which is currently also related to the processing of solid waste. It is noted that, even taking into account the active hostilities taking place on the territory of Ukraine, there are enterprises, organizations and institutions that are already actively working or just starting their business activities in the field of SHW processing. It is concluded that it is an important aspect, in particular, firstly, how the growing awareness of society about the problems of environmental pollution and the need to protect it creates a demand for environmentally friendly technologies and services, including waste recycling. Secondly, legislative and regulatory initiatives aimed at reducing waste and improving waste management create a favorable framework for the development of this sector. Thirdly, technological progress in the field of recycling makes it possible to create new products from waste and reduce the negative impact on the environment. Also, the development of this sector can stimulate investment and contribute to the creation of new jobs in the field of ecological economy. All this testifies to the potentially high investment attractiveness and prospects for the development of solid waste processing enterprises.

Development of glass bottle recycling machine

Nowadays, great attention is paid to solving environmental issues and ensuring environmental safety of the territory. One of these issues is the disposal of consumer waste, the formation of which is growing exponentially. The problem of environmental pollution with glass waste is described in the article. It is proposed to dispose glass waste in special devices to solve this problem. The authors present the development of the machine for recycling glass bottles. The process of its work is described. This machine can be located in public places (shopping centers, hospitals, train stations, airports), where there may be accumulations of glass garbage.

ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ОТХОДОВ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ ЧЕРНОЙ МЕТАЛЛУРГИИ В ЭКОЛОГО-КЛИМАТИЧЕСКОЙ ПРАКТИКЕ РЕГИОНА: ТЕХНОЛОГИИ И ИНТЕГРАЛЬНЫЙ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЙ ЭФФЕКТ

The problem of environmental pollution with industrial waste is currently becoming an environmental disaster of a global nature, which has a complex negative impact on all components of sustainable development of the regions where industrial giants are located, including the climate. At the same time, the current level of development of technology and technology in developed countries allows building a closed-loop economy through the reduction, reuse and recycling of secondary products. The study is based on the hypothesis of the possibility of solving the ecological and climatic problems of the region by using slag from ferrous metallurgy enterprises. Based on the results of the study, the authors systematized advanced technologies for the use of metallurgical waste for environmental purposes of regional policy, identified the reasons for the insufficiency of their distribution in Russian practice, substantiated the economic, social and environmental benefits of modernizing steelmaking industries, established the possibilities of using the resulting slag for the purpose of reclaiming disturbed lands and implementing climate projects, and determined the ways of transforming the indicators of restoration of natural resources of the region into an integrated economic effect.

Optoelectronic Digital Dust Meter in Cotton Gining Manufactory

The paper discusses the problems of environmental pollution and requirements for instruments and systems for measuring dust levels. It is demonstrated that among the problems of environmental protection, the most crucial one is the protection of the air basin. Dust is one of the most common types of industrial waste. Human health is affected not only by the type of dust, particle size and mineralogical composition, but also by the duration of exposure. Therefore, high sensitivity of instruments and systems for monitoring atmospheric pollution is required. The problem of environmental pollution can only be solved with the help of automatic, continuously operating analysers. It is advisable to develop and implement portable threshold alarms that have a significantly lower cost than the cost of automatic control and measurement equipment. The operating principle of an optoelectronic device for monitoring the degree of dust in cotton ginning rooms has been developed and presented, which allows simultaneous measurement of the attenuation (extinction) and light scattering of the same passing mass of aerosol. The calculation of specific absorption and dispersion coefficients in the ginning shops of cotton gin plants has been carried out. Experimental curves of the ratio of absorption and attenuation coefficients depending on the presence of the aerosol in the optoelectronic device are presented. Methods to reduce measurement error are revealed.

Пероксидазы бактерий в биоремедиации

As a result of the work of industrial enterprises, agricultural production and other types of human activity in the world, the problem of environmental pollution with difficult-to-degrade toxic compounds is becoming increasingly acute. Various physical and chemical methods of recultivation and remediation have serious limitations, such as high cost, labor intensity, as well as disruption of the ecological-trophic structure and successional changes in ecosystems. The catalytic decomposition of pollutants using enzymes can compete with classical methods of cleaning the environment from pollutants. Peroxidases are widespread enzymes belonging to the class of oxidoreductases that can destroy the carbon backbone of complex organic compounds. This review presents recent research on the application of bacterial peroxidases as environmentally friendly catalysts for the bioremediation of contaminated ecosystems.

Recent advances in CdS heterojunctions: morphology, synthesis, performances and prospects

The morphology of CdS heterojunctions, which can be rationally designed and fabricated via controllable synthesis approaches, influences their photocatalytic performance.

Phase change thermostat for all-day temperature-adaptive thermal regulation

The increasing energy consumption in buildings exacerbates the worldwide energy shortage and environmental pollution problems. To reduce the energy consumption, emerging thermal management technologies such as radiative cooling, thermal insulation,...

Two-dimensional direct Z-scheme AlN/GaS-SiP heterojunctions enhance photocatalytic hydrogen production from water: a DFT study.

Photocatalytic water splitting for hydrogen production offers a feasible solution to the problems of energy shortages and environmental pollution. However, its low photocatalytic efficiency limits the application of this technology in real world scenarios. In this study, a two-dimensional AlN/PSi-GaS-I van der Waals heterojunction is constructed and the properties of water photolysis are studied based on first-principles calculations. The results demonstrate that AlN/PSi-GaS-I exhibits exceptional photocatalytic performance with good stability, a narrow bandgap, appropriate band-edge position, a broader light absorption range and efficient separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. Moreover, the Gibbs free energies of different intermediates throughout the entire reaction process are calculated based on type-II and Z-scheme reaction mechanisms. By comparing the free energy barriers of the two pathways, it is observed that the Z-scheme reaction pathway has a lower energy barrier. Consequently, it can be concluded that AlN/PSi-GaS-I belongs to the direct Z-scheme heterojunction. These findings suggest that AlN/PSi-GaS-I exhibits an enhanced redox capacity, efficiently driving the water splitting reaction. More excitingly, the AlN/PSi-GaS-I can undergo spontaneous photocatalytic reactions under acidic conditions when provided with adequate optical driving force. This study not only proves that AlN/PSi-GaS-I is a promising high-efficiency photocatalyst for water splitting, but also describes a method for determining direct Z-scheme heterojunctions, which offers theoretical guidance for the design of efficient and stable photocatalysts.

Ризики енергетичній безпеці. Візуалізація наукових досліджень

The aim of the article is to identify trends and key areas of research on energy security risks by conducting a structural-trend and bibliometric analysis of scientific publications. Analytical tools of scientometric databases Scopus, Web of Science, Google Trends and VOSviewer version 1.6.20 were used to conduct the study. The conducted trend analysis, using the Google Trends tools, showed a certain divergence of trends in scientific and user interest in energy security issues. In order to identify trends in the study of energy security risks using the analysis tools provided by the Scopus and Web of Science databases, the dynamics of the number of indexed publications on the subject under study, country affiliation, sectoral structure of publications were analyzed, the contribution of individual researchers in the field of energy security risks by the number of citations was allocated. The most cited articles on energy security risks, indexed in the Scopus and Web of Science databases, are devoted to: solving the problems of climate change, environmental pollution and energy instability; energy infrastructure; linking energy research with the social sciences; geography of energy transition; production of ethanol from biomass; development of hydrogen energy; identifying the causal relationship between CO2 emissions, nuclear energy consumption, renewable energy consumption and economic growth. The results of the study made it possible to identify the main scientific clusters in the field of energy security risks. Visualization of the network map of keywords made it possible to identify 8 clusters that characterize the key areas of research in the field of energy security risks: security, risk, energy, human health, climate change, renewable energy, environment. The results of the analysis contribute to the identification of new areas of research in the field of energy security risks.

Application and Characteristics of Hydrogen in Alternative Fuels for Internal Combustion Engines

Petroleum has been used as the power source for internal combustion engines for hundreds of years. Nowadays, the problems of fossil energy shortage and environmental pollution are becoming increasingly serious. In response to China's carbon neutrality strategy, it is urgent to seek alternative fuels that can replace petroleum as the power source of internal combustion engines. The challenges of alternative fuels include reducing post-combustion pollutant emissions and being able to recycle them while maintaining the original engine performance. Using hydrogen as fuel can reduce automobile exhaust emissions, promote the development of hydrogen internal combustion engines, and achieve sustainable social and economic development. This article reviews the ideality of hydrogen as an alternative fuel for internal combustion engines and the combustion characteristics of hydrogen internal combustion engines. The bottleneck problems (such as abnormal combustion, NOx emission control and power recovery) that need to be solved urgently in the development of hydrogen internal combustion engines are pointed out. It’s found that these problems can be solved by the combination of software simulation and experimental verification in practice.

Performance analysis of BYD Auto based on EVA model

The problem of resource shortage and environmental pollution is increasing, and the tomobile industry, as one of the heavily polluting industries, should actively practice low-carbon development actions. This paper takes BYD Company as an example. Byd Company is actively transforming from a traditional high-energy-consuming enterprise to a new energy enterprise. This paper uses EVA model to analyze the performance indicators after the transformation, so as to evaluate the value created by BYD's transformation and put forward relevant suggestions.

Research on multi-UAV air pollution source localization algorithm based on emotional quantity

With the advancement of industrialization, the problem of atmospheric environmental pollution is becoming more and more prominent. To solve this problem, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) as an airborne platform was used to design an air pollution source localization method based on an anxiety-auction algorithm and verify the feasibility of the algorithm through simulation analysis and indoor source localization experiments. The algorithm innovatively introduces the concept of anxiety in psychology into the traditional auction algorithm. By enabling each drone to make a “rational” auction time decision based on its emotional state, team resources can be conserved, and overall source localization efficiency can be enhanced. Based on different environmental factors and conditions, the number of drones and other multi-perspective comparison analyses with the traditional auction algorithm, the analysis results show that the anxiety-auction algorithm performs better in terms of success rate and distance ratio. This paper also built a set of atmospheric pollutant source localization platforms, consisting of an ultra-wideband (UWB) indoor positioning device, UAV platform, source localization monitoring and control module, and the indoor source localization experiment of atmospheric pollutants based on multiple UAVs was successfully designed and carried out.

Optimal performance selection of sustainable mobility service projects based on IFSS - Prospect theory - VIKOR: A case study of electric vehicle sharing program.

Current mobility trend indicates that the number of private cars will decline in the near future. One of the reasons for this trend is the development of Mobility as a Service (MaaS), which in conjunction with information and communication technologies (ICT) drive the application of transport services in smart city, respond to environmental issues, and provide users with reliable mobility. Electric vehicle sharing (EVS) travel has been regarded as a feasible mainstream model of sustainable mobility services in the future, which can effectively improve the utilization rate of motor vehicles, solve the problems of traffic congestion, environmental pollution and urban land, and promote low-carbon and sustainable development. To help electric vehicle operators improve service quality, the establishment of EVS program service performance evaluation is an urgent problem to be solved. Based on this, this paper firstly constructs the evaluation index system from 5 aspects: electric vehicle, charge station, user experience, payment and intelligent services through literature review and Delphi method. Secondly, the criteria importance though intercriteria correlation (CRITIC) and the improved G1 method are introduced to overcome the shortcomings of the single method, and the combined weights are calculated by the multiplication normalization method. Finally, a decision model based on intuitionistic fuzzy soft set (IFSS)-prospect theory and VIse Kriterijumski Optimizacioni Racun (VIKOR) method is constructed to select the best service performance of EVS program, and its feasibility and effectiveness are verified by sensitivity analysis and comparative analysis. The result shows that EVCARD is the best performing EVS program, and shared electric vehicle and charge station are the key factors to be considered in the selection. This study provides scientific and feasible guidance for the optimal service performance selection of EVS programs, which is of great significance for users to choose EVS programs.

A simulation study on mechanical properties and heat conductivity of magnesium matrix syntactic foams before and after heat treatment

Environmental pollution and energy consumption problems today are seriously affecting people’s lives. In this paper, a new magnesium AZ31B matrix syntactic foam (MMSF) prepared by gravity penetration with hollow alumina microspheres as reinforcement was simulated using ANSYS Workbench for the lightweight design of vehicles. The mechanical properties and heat conductivity of MMSFs prepared by hollow microspheres with different diameters and volume fractions before and after heat treatment were investigated using finite element analysis. The simulation results showed that the MMSF prepared by hollow microspheres with a diameter of 3.6 mm and a volume fraction of 40% had the best mechanical properties and heat conductivity after heat treatment strengthening. Due to low density, high strength, excellent thermal insulation and other advantages, this high-performance MMSF is suitable for making vehicle bodies, which can effectively reduce the overall weight, thus reducing the fuel consumption and pollutant emission caused by driving.

Discussion on ecological restoration strategy of water conservancy project -- A case study of Shirase Reservoir in Quanzhou City

Because of the water conservancy project construction to the environment has brought a lot of damage, the state for environmental pollution and damage problems began to carry out a comprehensive restoration, for the relevant environmental protection and restoration policies are also improving, with the implementation of relevant measures, ecological water conservancy projects will play a vital role in environmental governance. In order to put forward suggestions for ecological restoration of white rose reservoir, this paper puts forward suggestions for ecological restoration from the geographical location of the water conservancy project, the measures in the construction process and the operational measures after completion, so as to restore the ecological role played by the ecological area before the completion of the water conservancy project and reduce the secondary pollution and damage to the environment in the operation process after it. This paper discusses the importance of ecological water conservancy project in environmental governance, and takes Shirase reservoir as an example, puts forward the ecological restoration suggestions for the water conservancy project. In order to restore the ecological function of the area before the water conservancy project and reduce the secondary pollution and damage in the operation process, it is suggested to improve the area from three aspects: geographical location, construction process and operation measures after completion. Through the implementation of ecological restoration measures, it will help to realize the harmonious symbiosis between man and nature.

Environmental Pollution and Global Issue (With special regard to air pollution)

Environmental pollution is a serious problem of the present era, which is becoming more severe day by day. In fact, pollution is not the problem of any one country but a global problem, with which the entire world community is struggling. Increasing pollution has damaged the environment and made it unbalanced and its adverse effects are also being seen in many forms. The biggest threat due to pollution is to human health. The trends presented by the World Health Organization (WHO) show that in about half of the cities of the world, the amount of carbon monoxide has reached a level harmful from the health point of view, while lead has reached this dangerous level in one-third of the cities. All living beings depend on a balanced environment for their growth, development and wellorganized life. Generally, various components are present in the environment in a certain quantity and proportion and equilibrium is maintained between these various components. Under specific circumstances, the dominance of unwanted and harmful components increases in the environment. As a result, the environment becomes polluted and living beings have to suffer its adverse effects. We can also say it this way that when the purity of natural resources is affected in such a way that their life utility itself starts getting destroyed, then this process is called pollution. When any component of the environment such as air, water, land etc., mixes with any other unwanted substance and brings about a change in its physical, chemical and biological properties, then it is no longer usable or causes harm to health, then that effect and result is called pollution. The literal meaning of pollution is ‘to make dirty or unclean, to make impure’. The main cause of pollution is considered to be human activities. In the present research study, a detailed description of environmental pollution and global problem has been presented.

Environmental pollution and implementation of sustainable development goals

Environmental problems are getting worse as the industrialization of the social system develops. Due to the severity of the problem of environmental pollution, in accordance with the goals of sustainable development, methods with indicators are used to report and measure the environmental performance of companies and industrial regions to compare environmental efficiency with the economic efficiency of their activities. Environmental pollution is not a new phenomenon, but it remains the greatest global challenge facing humanity and a leading environmental cause of morbidity and mortality. Human activities associated with urbanization, industrialization, mining and exploration are at the forefront of global environmental pollution. Developed and developing countries share this burden together, although awareness and stricter laws in developed countries contribute more to protecting the environment within their territories. Despite global attention to pollution, its impact is still felt due to its serious long-term consequences. The purpose of this work is to display the severity of the problem of environmental pollution, in particular, water pollution, air pollution, radioactive pollution, noise pollution. Pollution of our planet is one of the most pressing problems and its solution must come first, since practice shows the negative impact of pollution on people and their health, animals and the planet as a whole. When writing the article, materials and methods obtained from studying scientific works were used.

Evaluation of Emission Reduction Performance of Power Enterprises Based on Least Squares Support Vector Machine

In response to the increasingly severe environmental pollution problem at present, many traditional power companies are facing the promotion of environmental protection work. The promotion of Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction (ECER) work needs sufficient theory and data support. Therefore, this study proposes a performance evaluation model for ECER in power enterprises based on the improved lion swarm algorithm optimized Least Squares Support Vector Machine (LSSVM). The evaluation index system has been reconstructed according to the current environment and era characteristics. The LSSVM has been used to evaluate the ECER work of power enterprises, and the training efficiency of Lion Swarm Optimization (LSO) algorithm has been solved using chaos theory. An improved LSO algorithm is utilized to improve the parameter selection problem of the LSSVM model, to achieve a scientific and objective evaluation of the ECER performance of power enterprises. The research findings denote that the algorithm put forward in this study has better training efficiency, higher accuracy and stability, as well as better response time. It also exhibits minimal errors in simulation experiments. In summary, the ECER performance evaluation model proposed by this research institute can effectively output correct scoring results, providing data support for the promotion of environmental protection work.

Mechanisms of cadmium absorption in Suaeda heteroptera roots

Heavy metal contaminated soil is a common environmental pollution problem, which has a negative impact. The potential for the phytoremediation has been widely recognized. This study investigated the mechanisms of cadmium (Cd) absorption in Suaeda heteroptera Kitag., a dominant wetland plant in northern China. A hydroponic experiment was carried out to determine the Cd content in S. heteroptera roots after adding ion channel inhibitors and metabolic inhibitors. Furthermore, subcellular distribution and chemical forms of Cd in S. heteroptera were investigated. The results showed that Cd was mainly absorbed by S. heteroptera roots through calcium ion channels. Cd absorption by S. heteroptera roots was closely associated with the P-type ATPase, suggesting that Cd was actively absorbed by S. heteroptera roots. Cell wall precipitation and vacuole compartmentalization were the major mechanisms underlying absorption and tolerance to Cd. Cd in S. heteroptera root system was predominantly bound to proteins, pectinate, and phosphates, thereby reducing its toxicity. However, Cd was transformed into a highly active form and became more toxic at high concentrations.