Environmental Pollution Problems Research Articles

Generation of hydrogen fuel on board vehicles with internal combustion engines

This article discusses advances in the design of hydrogen fuel engines; the main characteristics of the hybrid engine are studied; prospects for further research are outlined; development and improvement of engine designs, research of processes in engines running on natural gas and hydrogen. Transport is one of the key elements of modern civilization. Its condition and development prospects largely depend on the ability to supply transport power plants with fuel. The depletion of liquid hydrocarbon fuel reserves and problems of environmental pollution may present humanity with a choice - either to reduce transport transportation or to find new ways to supply energy to transport. OBJECTIVE: To review the electrochemical technologies used for the production of hydrogen at gas stations and the operation of hybrid electric vehicle engines using fuel cell batteries. Conduct a comparative analysis of the production and use of energy by electrochemical and traditional methods in vehicles. METHODS are based on analysis of literature data and mathematical calculations. For a passenger electric vehicle, the amount of electricity that can be obtained in a fuel cell by processing 1 kg of hydrogen was calculated. It has been shown that the specific fuel consumption for a hydrogen electric vehicle averages 1 kg of hydrogen per 100 km. Hydrogen has the potential to be the sustainable fuel of the future, reducing global dependence on fossil fuel resources and reducing carbon emissions from the transportation industry.

Preparation of Superhydrophobic and Multifunctional Sponges for Oil/Water Separation and Oil Absorption.

For settling the recycling problem of waste polyurethane sponges (PU) and environment pollution of oil spills simultaneously, this work exploited the multifunctional superhydrophobic PU materials via the dip-coating method, which were prepared by anchoring modified Fe3O4 and expandable graphite (EG) on PU sponges under the adhesion effect of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The water contact angle and sliding angle of as-prepared PU sponges reached 154.1 ± 1.6 and 8°, respectively. Most importantly, the superhydrophobic PU sponges were endowed with the multipath oil treatment ability, which consisted of magnetically driven, gravity-driven, peristaltic pump-driven, and photothermally driven modes. Besides, the light oil absorption capacity, separation flux, and efficiency for superhydrophobic PU sponges reached 23.9 g/g, 27779 L m-2 h-1, and 99.5%, respectively. Owing to the photothermal conversion ability of Fe3O4 and EG, the temperature of superhydrophobic PU sponges was raised to 71.5 °C within 233 s under 1.2 solar irradiation (1200 W/m2), demonstrating its absorption potential for high-viscosity crude oils. In addition, the prepared sponges exhibited good chemical/mechanical stability, self-cleaning, and flame retardancy. In a nutshell, this article has evolved an environmentally benign and practical method for fabricating the multifunctional materials in oil spill treatment, which will efficiently accomplish the targets of low carbon and environmental management.

Characteristics of exhaust emissions from MGO–bioethanol fuel blend using a combustion chamber

We conducted combustion tests with marine gas oil (MGO) blended with bioethanol (BE) in ratios of 0%–30% to address International Maritime Organization air pollution regulations on exhaust gases emitted from ships and fossil fuel resource depletion and achieve carbon neutrality. We designed and manufactured a standard 1-ton combustion chamber, using an attached gun-type burner to analyze the exhaust gases of each sample under similar conditions. Compared to pure MGO (BE0), the oxygen content increased by approximately 1.91% at the maximum blend ratio (BE30), while carbon dioxide decreased by 1.39%. Nitrogen oxides were reduced by approximately 30%. Sulfur oxides were minimal (<0.03%), with MGO alone at approximately 0.08 ppm, confirming the superior quality of low-sulfur fuel. In all blends containing BE, no sulfur oxides were detected. Additionally, exhaust gas temperature decreased by 5.8%, and combustion efficiency decreased from 72.24% to 70.33%, a reduction of approximately 1.9%. This indicated that BE has a relatively lower calorific value; however, it provides a similar thermal output, with some reduction of exhaust emissions. A one-way ANOVA and post-hoc verification confirmed that with increased BE content, emission differences were significant ( p < 0.01 level in all areas). Through this study, it was confirmed that the use of eco-friendly fuels such as bioethanol has excellent effects on reducing exhaust emissions. It is analyzed that it would help solve global warming and air environment pollution problems. Therefore, it is determined that the future application of MGO-bioethanol blended fuel as an eco-friendly alternative fuel for ships holds significant potential, and positive outcomes are anticipated.

Effect of Health Education on Environmental Pollution as a Primary Factor in Sustainable Development

Environmental Pollution (EP) is an escalating worldwide issue affecting the entire planet. Environmental consciousness plays a crucial role in addressing EP's problems. Environmental Education (EE) is one of the methods used to instill these ideals in individuals. EE is a critical determinant of enhancing the condition of the ecosystem, and it is imperative to get instruction from a young age. Instructors influence children's interests, mindsets, and beliefs on environmental issues and their associated difficulties in Peru. The significance of EE is exceedingly elevated. This significantly impacts the nation's Economic Development (ED) and Public Health (PH) . The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) serve as a comprehensive plan for achieving a more prosperous and environmentally responsible future for everyone. The establishment of SDGs aims to eliminate poverty, protect against natural calamities, and provide universal prosperity and security. This study investigates educators' potential, perspectives, and opinions in instructing the subject of EP and PH. The research documents the correlation between EE and EP in Peru. The primary objective was to engage with instructors and ascertain their capacity to educate students about EP. The requisite information was acquired by a survey (240 participants) distributed to all pertinent elementary and secondary schools. The mean yearly number of classes taught is just 2.62, although the preferred number of lessons, as indicated by the instructors, is considerably more. Instructors find water and air contamination particularly intriguing among the various forms of pollution. When instructors mediate the curriculum, they prioritize respecting both living and inanimate nature, focusing on living nature for 19% of their efforts. Several instructors continue to depend on inadequate technological advancement, which is restricted by nature protection (2%). According to instructors, the conversation technique (34%) is a frequently used approach to engage students in learning about the issue of contamination. Studies have indicated that instructors believe that to address the concerns adequately, the number of classes devoted to this topic should be increased threefold. The collected results validate educators' endeavors in addressing environmental contamination, which is a positive trajectory.

Aerobic Thiols Oxidative Coupling to Disulfides over Robust CoOx Nanoclusters Confined within Hierarchical Silicalite-1 Zeolite.

Disulfide is an important organic reagent and synthetic intermediate that is widely used in organic synthesis, polymers, and other fields, but its synthesis still suffers from many environmental pollution and economic problems. Here, we present an environmentally friendly and efficient base-free aerobic oxidative thiol coupling catalyzed by heterogeneous CoOx nanoclusters entrapped in hierarchical silicalite-1 zeolite, synthesized by combining silane pore expansion and metal coordination methods under hydrothermal conditions. It is confirmed that open hierarchical channels favor mass diffusion, and the chemical valence of Co species in CoOx/h-S-1-H is +2, which is different from that of Co3O4 particles in CoOx/h-S-1-I. CoOx nanoclusters, are strongly fixed in the channels of silicalite-1 zeolite via Co-O-Si bonds, which is of great importance for the high catalytic activity in both symmetrical and unsymmetrical oxidative thiol coupling reactions. After recycling experiments four times, the CoOx/h-S-1-H used has almost the same chemical state and the same distribution of Co(II) species as the fresh catalysts. Based on DFT calculations and inhibition experiments, the oxidative coupling of thiols undergoes a free radical mechanism in which Co(III) causes RS-H cleavage into RS· and H· species. Subsequently, two RS· radicals are coupled to disulfides, while H· radicals react with the O species to form H2O molecules. This work not only provides guidance on catalyst design and parameter optimization for oxidative thiol coupling but also advances the understanding of the aerobic oxidation mechanism.

The Ecotourism Industry's Role in Environmental Stewardship

Indeed, the overall rise in environmental pollution from natural ecosystems has become one of the major threats to biodiversity and the health of any given community across the globe. Traditional tourism has been blamed as one of the prime agents of this environmental degradation; hence, the need for alternatives in sustainability is becoming increasingly pressing. This paper explores in detail the potential this industry holds for transforming the paradigm from pollution to preservation. It demonstrates how ecotourism, through the use of sustainability and environmental education, can be among the most powerful tools in combating the negative impacts of pollution on sensitive ecosystems. The article now discusses a few important case studies from different parts of the world to clearly show how ecotourism efforts have helped reduce pollution, protect natural habitats, and improve biodiversity. The discussion considers how tourism would encourage tourists and locals to take environmentally conscious actions in the interest of the environment, minimizing waste, reducing carbon footprints, and offering protection to natural resources. Besides, the article sets up that ecotourism has economic motives that include providing financial rewards for the conservation of ecosystems and offering sustainable livelihoods to people living within and around the protected areas. The article further talks about the ecotourism challenges, such as "greenwashing" and a rigorous regulatory framework in place, to ensure the ecotourism practices actually help in environmental preservation. This paper will suggest ways in which governments, local communities, environmental organizations, and the tourism industry, in greater ways, should be co-operative in having an optimal benefit on environmental sustainability through ecotourism. In other words, what this article suggests is that ecotourism in itself is not going to solve the problem of environmental pollution, and it remains important in the greater scheme of environmental stewardship. It is possible that this transition-from pollution to preservation-is being led by ecotourism, where responsible travel and conservation, coupled with sensitization about environmental problems, take place. The article calls for continued research and increased investment in the practice of sustainable tourism to finally see ecotourism live up to its promise as a driver of ecological sustainability and an example for other industries to follow.

Study on the Effect of Basalt Fiber Content and Length on Mechanical Properties and Durability of Coal Gangue Concrete

The massive accumulation of coal gangue not only causes a waste of resources but also brings serious environmental pollution problems. To promote the utilization of coal gangue resources, mitigate environmental pollution from coal gangue, and address the shortage of natural aggregates, this study investigates the use of coal gangue to replace coarse aggregate at a 40% replacement rate to prepare coal gangue concrete (CGC). The current research on the modification of gangue concrete by BF has been less often compared with the research on the effect of basalt fiber (BF) on the properties of ordinary concrete, so in this study, BF with different admixtures and lengths were added into CGC. Additionally, basalt fibers (BFs) of varying amounts and lengths were incorporated into CGC. The study explored the effects of BF on the tensile strength, splitting tensile strength, and flexural strength of CGC. It was found that the mechanical properties of CGC improved significantly when the BF dosage was 0.10–0.15% and the length was 18 mm. This is evidenced by an increase in the compressive strength of 3.94–5.11%, split tensile strength of 11.20–16.18%, and flexural strength of 8.23–12.97%. BF was able to refine pore space, prevent crack development, and bridge cracks in CGC. To further investigate the effect of BF on the long-term service performance of CGC, the effects of BF on the appearance, quality, and compressive strength of CGC in sulfate and freeze–thaw environments were examined. The results indicated that a BF dosage of 0.10–0.15% significantly enhanced the sulfate erosion resistance and freeze–thaw resistance of CGC. This is shown by a 36.76–46.90% reduction in the rate of loss of compressive strength of CGC under the freeze–thaw cycling and a 6.21–8.50% increase in the corrosion resistance factor of CGC under a sulfate attack. BF improved the pore structure and reduced seepage channels, thereby enhancing the durability of CGC.

Exploring the Interaction and Impact of Green Building Design on People and Space

Abstract: With the progress and development of society, people's living standards improve at the same time, environmental pollution and resource shortages environmental problems also come. Construction engineering is one of the largest energy-consuming industries in China, and the implementation of a sustainable development strategy has become a top priority. Therefore, the state put forward the concept of greening and sustainable development, and green building has become a mainstream design concept. The purpose of this paper is to elaborate on the principles and design points of green building design and to study and discuss the application cases of green building design. Analyze the interaction and impact of green building design on people and space by analyzing the effects and impacts of the implementation of different designs in green building design cases, including focusing on siting design, ventilation design, energy efficiency design, recyclable design, plant design, and lighting design. Summarise the importance of applying green building design concepts and effective designs that have a positive impact on people. The results of the study can provide practical suggestions on improving the sustainability and eco-friendliness of green buildings for green building design stakeholders, such as architects, policymakers, and related stakeholders, and this study has certain reference values and significance.

Ferrate(Ⅵ) oxidative degradation of capecitabine in aquatic matrices: Degradation performance, mechanisms, and toxicity assessment

The growing utilization of anticancer drugs in recent years has resulted in their presence in surface water and sewage, which could have ecological consequences. In this work, ferrate (Fe(VI)) was utilized to oxidize capecitabine (CAP), a frequently used anticancer drug that has gained attention lately. The experiments have demonstrated that Fe(VI) was quite reactive with CAP at pH 7. The addition of humic acid (0.1–10 mg L−1) significantly inhibited the oxidation process. Then, four reaction pathways, mainly including hydroxyl substitution, direct oxidation and cleavage of CO and CN bond were proposed based on twelve products detected by high-resolution hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer. These pathways were further validated by theoretical calculations. Experiments conducted in water matrices assessed the applicability of Fe(VI) technology. Toxicity assessments of CAP and its intermediates were performed using the TEST program, and predictions indicated that the intermediates were generally less toxic than CAP. Overall, this work revealed that Fe(VI) has great potential to solve the environmental pollution problems associated with capecitabine in water.

Three-dimensional intelligent monitoring and early warning technology for tailings ponds based on spatiotemporal fusion of multisource big data.

To solve the difficult problems of tailings dam instability and environmental pollution, multisource information perception, prediction and early warning technology for tailings dams are investigated. Taking a tailings pond in China as an example, a three-dimensional visualization intelligent management platform based on the spatiotemporal fusion of multisource big data is established to realize intelligent real-time monitoring, prediction and early warning of tailings dams. A monitoring system for air-space-ground integration was developed via high-resolution optical image recording, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), radar, video surveillance and displacement sensors. This approach can realize pollution monitoring and efficient identification of high-risk areas. In addition, a machine learning algorithm is used to mine spatiotemporal data in detail. The Alibaba cloud platform was adopted to develop a data integration framework. Multisensor spatiotemporal data from tailings dams and multisource monitoring data from the environment were integrated. The integrated management of tailings dam environmental monitoring, pollution and stability assessment is realized. A stability prediction model for tailings dams based on multisource data is proposed. The temporal and spatial information of various forms of data is analysed from multiple levels and perspectives. Rapid prediction of the disaster situation and stability of tailings ponds is realized. Moreover, a tailings pollution assessment model based on a neural network is integrated with multisource information to establish a multifactor environmental pollution neural network assessment model and a multilevel warning platform. This work can provide technical support for intelligent monitoring and early warning systems for tailings ponds.

Biomass Energy from Agricultural Waste: Evaluating Groundnut Vines and Pumpkin Straws for Combustion Performance

Energy demand has risen significantly in developing countries due to rapid population growth and increase in economic activities such as industrialization, automation manufacturing and digitalization. Dependency on conventional sources of energy in both rural and peri-urban is high. Traditional energy resources lead to environmental degradation due to carbon oxide release leading global warming and deforestation which results to hydrological decline; therefore, need to come up with renewable resources from other sources such as agricultural wastes to meet the demand and solve environmental pollution problems. This study carried out an investigation on combustion and performance analysis of pumpkin straws and groundnut vines to establish their energy potential. ASTM standards were used to determine the proximate and ultimate properties. This analysis revealed moisture content (8.7-12.4%), volatile matter (63-69%), fixed carbon (11.5-18.5%), ash content (6.3-8.2%), Sulphur (0.09-0.13%), nitrogen (1.02-1.03%), oxygen (5.01-55.88%), carbon (41.8-43%) and hydrogen (5.96-6.3%). Calorific values for the briquettes were above 4389 kCal, which is above most biomass. The density and compressive strength were above 0.63 g/cm3 and 17N/mm2 respectively from compaction pressure of 150, 250 and 350 kg/cm2. The burning time was between 4 and 5.3 min, showing an increase with compaction pressure, burning rate ranged between 4.3 and 2.9 g/min, a decrease with compaction pressure increase. The specific fuel consumption portrayed an inverse relationship with calorific value and a direct relationship with compaction pressure, ranging between 166 to 176 grams per litre. Temperature-weight analysis revealed thermo stability of this feedstock, portraying resemblance to proximate analysis. Having exhibited close relationship to other agricultural wastes used for fuel, groundnut vines and pumpkin straws are a solution to environmental degradation by reducing deforestation and emissions. It is recommended that further research on mixing this feedstock with other agricultural wastes as well as making and testing of pellets be carried out to maximize energy output.

The Implementation and Implications of Sustainable Development Goals at City Scale and Sustainable Urban Development Path

Cities were products of human social development, but the environmental pollution problems brought by high-density buildings and high-density populations in cities had become increasingly serious. The 17 Sustainable Development Goals proposed by the United Nations in 2015 were closely related to urban sustainable development issues. Based on it, this article analyzed the impact of SDGs and related theories on urban sustainable development and possible development directions. Starting from the impact of SDGs on urban sustainable development, elaborated on their impact on already implemented urban sustainable projects and relevant theories. It concluded that the future development of sustainable cities should be based on existing cities, with different focuses on developed and developing countries, but both require the protection of historical value landscapes and the greening of existing facilities. By explaining the theories and practical cases related to SDGs and sustainable cities, hoping to provide a reference and guidance for the path of urban sustainable development.

Structural and morphological studies of g-C3N4-functionalized MWCNTs nanocomposite for sunlight-responsive photocatalytic activity

Photocatalytic degradation of organic contaminants has been proven to be one of the greatest economical and efficient techniques to address environmental pollution problems. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)/g-C3N4 (GCN) nanocomposites (NCs) were synthesized by a hydrothermal process aided by ultrasound to produce active photocatalysts. The effective synthesis of GCN, MWCNTs, and MWCNTs/GCN NCs was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. The fabrication of GCN nanosheets (NSs), the nanotubular structure of MWCNTs, and a network of neuron-like structures for MWCNTs/GCN NCs were all revealed by structural and morphological characterization. The elemental mapping of NCs containing the suitable quantity of MWCNTs revealed a uniform distribution of the sample's component elements. When the optical properties of the fabricated nanomaterials were examined by employing UV–visible spectroscopy, the results revealed a blue shift (a shift of maximum absorption to the UV region), which suggests that the addition of MWCNTs increased the band-gap energy. The behaviour of e––h+ pair recombination was revealed by measuring the charge carrier movement and trapping efficiency using photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. Crystal violet (CV) dye was photocatalytically degraded using prepared NCs in the presence of sunlight, and the synergistic effects of GCN and MWCNTs were examined. With a degradation efficiency of 99.32 %, MWCNTs/GCN NCs demonstrated the best sunlight-irradiated photocatalytic activity for CV degradation. The degradation of CV was discovered to follow pseudo-first-order kinetics. Throughout five consecutive studies, the NCs demonstrated the highest levels of catalytic efficiency and recyclability, with 5 % reduced degrading activities. The trapping tests showed that the primary reactive species involved in the breakdown of CV were the •O2– and •OH radicals.

Pengaruh Green Marketing Communication terhadap Green Behaviour (Studi Kasus Pemberdayaan Penggunaan Kantong Plastik pada konsumen Alfamart di Kota Bandung)

Plastic waste is a major problem in environmental pollution, both on land and at sea. Indonesia is ranked second in producing plastic waste in the world's oceans. The Ministry of Environment and Forestry stated that plastic waste generated from 100 retail stores or members of the Indonesian Retailers Association (APRINDO) reached 10.95 million pieces of plastic waste within one year. The Ministry of Environment and Forestry (KLHK) created a paid plastic bag policy to address the plastic waste problem. The aim of this research is to determine the influence of green marketing communication on green behavior regarding empowering the use of plastic bags among Alfamart consumers. The data collection technique used was purposive sampling which is included in non-probability sampling with a total of 100 respondents who had used paid plastic bags at Alfamart in Bandung City aged 17 years and over. The empirical data in this research was collected using a one-shot study approach and then processed and analyzed using simple regression using SPSS version 26. The results of the research show that green marketing communication has a positive effect on green behavior. Therefore, Alfamart management can prioritize improving all the indicators that make up green marketing communication because it is hoped that this can have a positive impact on green behavior.

An Ecological Study of the Brown Garden snail Cornu aspersum (Müller, 1774) from selected habitats in Jadiriya in Baghdad vicinity.

The present study is considered a pioneer investigation that deal with the terrestrial brown garden snail Cornu aspersum (Müller), in Iraq. Cornu aspersum however is considered an exotic species in many parts of the world ,The species is most probably infiltrates with plants transferred from one place to another. The species has gained importance in many ways. Nutritionally, the species is consumed as food item in many countries, but in other cases it is considered as pest for the damage it causes when feeding on valuable plant shoots. It also has medical importance for its role and ability in healing wounds, burns and remedy of other skin problems. This snail species however may act as a vector for some parasitic nematodes that cause serious diseases. The species is also important in scientific research, usually referred to as ‘ecological indicator’ employed in environmental pollution problems such as the one caused by heavy metals. A great deal of research on this species has been carried out in different parts of the world, however, in Iraq, the scientific attention given to land snails in general and to Cornu aspersum in particular is rare and may be negligible in comparison with the research carried out on aquatic Mollusca species. A total of 1880 individuals of Cornu aspersum were collected from all sampling sites. The study was carried out for the period November 2007 to November 2008 on three sites within the Jadiriya district in Baghdad.. Growth, size classes and shell dimensions of Cornu aspersum populations, and their relationship with major environmental factors; ambient temperature; soil pH, moisture, texture; and the soil content of organic matter have been also investigated. Identification of the species was confirmed by the British Natural History Museum.The data were analyzed by means of standard statistical procedures.

Green Marketing, Brand Image dan Kualitas Produk: Faktor Kunci dalam Keputusan Pembelian The Body Shop di Surabaya

In the current era of globalization, global warming is one of the most frequently discussed environmental pollution problems. One of the main problems facing the world today is global warming. The influence of green marketing helps reduce the impact of global marketing, with the presence of green marketing indicating a change in people's behavior in consuming and using certain goods or services. One company that has implemented the green marketing concept with the aim of reducing the negative impact of plastic waste is The Body Shop. This research aims to evaluate the influence of Green Marketing, Brand Image, and Product Quality on Purchasing Decisions for The Body Shop in Surabaya. Data was collected through questionnaires distributed online using Google Forms to respondents. A total of 108 respondents from The Body Shop consumers in Surabaya participated in this research. The analysis technique used is a component-based SEM method with the smartPLS application. The research results show that Green Marketing has no influence on Purchasing Decisions, while Brand Image and Product Quality have a positive and significant influence on Purchasing Decisions for The Body Shop in Surabaya.

Joint intelligent optimizing economic dispatch and electric vehicles charging in 5G vehicular networks

In recent years, with the rapid development of 5G networks, the road traffic network composed of vehicles with different energy sources has become more and more complex, and the problems of environmental pollution and road congestion have also become increasingly serious. Electric vehicles are favored by people due to their environmental protection and energy-saving characteristics. However, improper charging dispatching will cause excess energy in charging stations, affecting the power grid and road traffic, such as energy shortages and lower traffic throughput. Therefore, how to design a reasonable charging strategy that can maximize the user’s charging satisfaction and consume the energy of the charging station as much as possible becomes a challenge. Meanwhile, this strategy should consider power economic dispatch to reduce power generation costs and polluting gas emissions. With the support of 5G’s high-bandwidth and low-latency characteristics, this paper designs an intelligent charging model which indirectly reflects the charging satisfaction through the time cost, energy consumption cost, charging cost, and the user’s range anxiety, while consuming the remaining energy of the charging station as much as possible. Due to the uncertainty of wind and photovoltaic power generation, this paper proposes a two-stage economic dispatch model to improve the accuracy of power dispatch and reduce power generation costs and carbon emissions. Due to the highly variable traffic environment and energy demand, we employ proximal policy optimization-based deep reinforcement learning algorithms to realize electric vehicle charging dispatching and charging station power dispatching. Numerical results show the efficiency of our proposed strategy for electric vehicle charging in terms of the convergence speed.

УТИЛИЗАЦИЯ МЕТАЛЛИЧЕСКОГО ПОРОШКА ВЫСОКОУГЛЕРОДИСТОГО ФЕРРОХРОМА МЕТОДОМ САМОРАСПРОСТРАНЯЮЩЕГОСЯ ВЫСОКОТЕМПЕРАТУРНОГО СИНТЕЗА (СВС)

This article discusses the methods of recycling high-carbon ferrochrome metal powder by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis. The article is devoted to the study of aspiration metal dusts formed during the production of ferroalloys. The article analyzes the composition of the source material, its physicochemical properties, and the impact on the testing process. The publication touches upon the relevance of this topic and the advantages of the self-propagating high-temperature synthesis method. Particular attention was paid to comparative analyses of this method from other traditional material processing processes. This article will help to consider the problem of environmental pollution and the impact of traditional metallurgical processes on the ecosystem. The authors also analyze in detail the physical properties of the original powder samples and their combustion temperature mode. The publication shows the process flow charts, laboratory devices, and the type of resulting material. This article provides a detailed analysis of the types of laboratory devices, their physical and mechanical properties. The publication provides a thorough and detailed chemical analysis of the resulting material. In the course of the study, the expected results were obtained, which are presented in the form of tables and a figure. The article consists of an introduction, main part, conclusion, conclusion and list of references.

Research on the impact and mechanism of digital economy on China’s urban green total factor productivity

Green and sustainable development is unstoppable. The digital economy has driven great changes in production methods and has become a key strength in reshaping global economic structure and achieving sustainable development. Cities are both the mainstay of economic growth and the main source of various environmental pollution problems. Therefore, studying the relationship between urban digital economy and urban green total factor productivity is of great significance. Based on panel data from 252 cities in China 2011–2019, a two-way fixed effects model was used to examine the impact of urban digital economy on urban green total factor productivity. The empirical results indicate that: (1) Urban digital economy has a significant positive impact on urban green total factor productivity. (2) Urban technological-innovation-level and human-capital-structure of play a mediating role in the impact. (3) This impact has regional heterogeneity and resource-based type heterogeneity. The research conclusions are not only valuable supplements to previous research, but also providing reliable instructions for implementing a flexible digital economy policy.

Research on optimum design and control of permanent magnet synchronous motor for elevator

Abstract Due to the impact of the world energy crisis and environmental pollution problems, the combination of frequency converter and permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) as the core of elevator drive has become a new direction for the development of the elevator industry. Compared with the traditional electric excitation synchronous motor, because the rotor of PMSM adopts permanent magnet excitation, no excitation winding, brush and slip ring are needed, the motor volume is greatly reduced. At the same time, for there is no excitation loss, the efficiency of PMSM) is higher than that of electric excitation synchronous motor. Therefore, the application of PMSM in elevator drive system has more obvious advantages. In this paper, PMSM for elevator is taken as the research object, and motor design software Motor-CAD is used to optimize the design of a kind of PMSM with power level. Then, the fine-tuned and optimized model is imported into the finite element analysis software, and the magnetic field analysis method is used to simulate the electromagnetic field of PMSM, so as to observe the magnetic field distribution of PMSM in the static field. At the same time, the three phase EMF and current waveform of PMSM is analysed to verify the design meets the requirements. Finally, the cogging torque of PMSM is studied in detail. Because the stator fractional slot winding design is adopted, the cogging torque of the prototype is greatly reduced.