Problems Of Economic Development Research Articles

An Economic Analysis of The Three-child Policy

Population problem is an important strategic problem of China's economic and social development. It is necessary not only to pay attention to the laws of population quantity, quality, structure and regional distribution, so as to grasp the laws of population development and change comprehensively and objectively, but also to regulate population policies scientifically and reasonably, so as to promote the transformation of population structure and meet the needs of human social construction and development. The number of births in China has been shrinking in recent years due to the decrease in the number of births and the decrease in the birth desire of the age-appropriate population. According to the National Center for Population and Development Research under the National Health Commission of China, the country's population will enter negative growth after 2027. Under the long-term background of gradually tight labor supply and increasingly severe aging situation, it is imperative to open the three-child policy. By interpreting the “the-child policy”,this paper analyzes the reasons of the implementation of the this policy, the advantages and disadvantages, summarizes the impact of "three-child policy" on our economy in the long term and gives some countermeasures and suggestions.

The problem of economic literacy development of children and youth

The article presents the urgency of the problem of improving thequality of economic education in educational institutions of different types under modern social challenges regarding the cooperation of society and nature, forecasting economic development of regions, organization of production taking into account environmental and socio-economic preconditions. The study used methods of conceptual and comparative analysis, as well as psycho diagnostic methods. Theoretical aspects of forming children’s basics of economic (financial) literacy taking into account social and geographical factors are substantiated. Some features of the development of schoolchildren’s economic thinking in the course of their training (rationalism, practicality, variability, problem character, etc.) are defined. The essence of the economic culture of student youth is outlined and the necessity to create an educational environment of the educational institution for its development is emphasized. The results of the empirical study on the state of the outlined problem in school practice are presented. It was found out that the formation of economic literacy in primary and secondary school involves students mastering general knowledge, skills, and abilities necessary for their lives.

Problematising the digital gender gap: invoking decoloniality and intersectionality for inclusive policymaking

ABSTRACT The digital economy is seen as the latest phase in the socioeconomic development trajectory. There has been a proliferation of policy documents on ensuring gendered inclusion and addressing the ‘gender gap’ in the digital economy. Particularly in the context of the ‘third world’, there are large volumes of ‘evidence’ reported linking economic welfare through digital inclusion and gender equality. Drawing from capabilities, intersectionality, and decolonial scholarship, we analyse how the problem of the ‘gender gap’ in the ‘digital economy’ is constituted through particular discourses. We employ an approach termed ‘problematisation’, which contends that policies produce and articulate ‘problems’ in specific ways rather than solve pre-ordained ‘problems’. We take ‘problem’ and ‘solution’ articulations within the most recent reports by multilateral governance bodies, including the World Bank, UN Women, and the World Economic Forum (WEF), among others. Our findings indicate that digital gender gap policies are formulated through interlinking assumptions of the capabilities approach with neoliberal rationality. Accordingly, the ‘gender gap’ is produced as a problem of rights and economic development to be solved through neoliberal ‘empowerment’ and ‘entrepreneurship’. In an attempt to produce universal cross-cultural frameworks, these policy documents ignore the intersectionality of gendered power relations and reproduce colonial frameworks of development, modernity, and progress. The latter is accomplished through the technologies of statistical scientificity (generalised causality) and temporality (‘developed versus developing’ discourses of modernity). We, therefore, argue that developmental policymaking, particularly the capabilities approach, must incorporate intersectionality and decoloniality to be effective, inclusive, and unsettle colonial universalisation.

Consumption patterns of social assistance (Bansos) recipients in the Bangka Belitung Islands Province

Poverty is one of the main problems in economic development, and various efforts are made to improve and expand social assistance programs (Bansos). This study aims to analyze the consumption patterns of Bansos recipients in Bangka Belitung Province. The data used are secondary data from various related agencies and primary data sourced from surveys on Bansos recipient households. The scope of the research covers two districts with the highest and lowest number of beneficiary households in the Province of Bangka Belitung Islands. The analytical method used is linear regression analysis. The results showed that Bansos significantly affected public spending, especially food spending, cellphone credit, and business capital. On the other hand, the provision of Bansos does not significantly affect expenditures such as non-food consumption, education, health, cigarettes, and debt payment

Sustainable development of the economy in the conditions of the energy crisis

Purpose. To establish the factors of the impact of the energy crisis on the formation of a sustainable economy. To propose a method for forecasting the balance of energy production and consumption. To establish the level of correlation between sustainable development indicators and energy indicators. Methodology. Cognition methods were used to perform the work: analysis and synthesis to choose the topic and purpose of the study; content analysis for literature review; critical analysis to identify unsolved aspects of the problem and national characteristics of the crisis; the ascent from the abstract to the concrete to prove the relationship between the energy crisis and achievement of the sustainable development goals (SDG); system analysis to substantiate the need for energy balance and import substitution of energy resources; induction and deduction for the selection of SDGs, which are affected by the energy crisis and energy balance forecasting models, establishing the level of correlation with SDG indicators; idealization and formalization to identify factors inhibiting the formation of a sustainable economy. Findings. It is established that in addition to the global factors of the energy crisis, national economies have their own factors influencing the pace of achieving the SDG. The main reasons for the gap between energy production and consumption and trends in import substitution in the energy sector are indicated. The presence of direct and reverse effects of energy development and sustainable development is proved. It is established that the solution to the problem of sustainable economic development is to systematically ensure the dynamic balance of production and consumption of energy, and import substitution of energy resources. Originality. The reasons for reducing the level of relevance of forecasting and energy plan required to achieve the SDG are identified. There is a significant level of correlation between the Mtoe indicator and groups of SDG indicators and the fact that indicator of relative fluctuations as for average Mtoe is an integral indicator of the SDG achievement. Practical value. The MCDA method and a quantitative approach to its implementation are proposed to forecast energy consumption and to model sustainable development scenarios.

Research on the application of computer extensive data analysis technology in rural e-commerce

According to the framework of national rural revitalization, rural e-commerce has developed under the drive of informatization to solve the problem of rural economic development. In the context of the Internet, big data technology is used in rural e-commerce to innovate marketing models, and the system effectively optimizes distribution efficiency. While analyzing the status quo of the application of big data technology in rural e-commerce, this paper also puts forward some improvement suggestions for related problems. It analyzes feasible measures and corresponding technical methods to optimize the existing business processes. After implementing the optimization measures, it can effectively promote the construction of big data in the agricultural product industry chain and the effective integration of rural e-commerce, and promote the take-off of the agricultural economy.

Doing Good Better: Limitations of Firm-Led Social Impact Efforts and Solutions Moving Forward

There has been growing scholarly interest in the role and responsibility of firms in addressing societal problems. Prior work has shown that there can exist an economic case for firms’ pursuit of social objectives and that firms possess capabilities that make them better suited to address certain societal issues compared to other organizational forms. However, even though companies are increasingly tackling societal grand challenges, corporate involvement in addressing social problems does not necessarily achieve the desired social outcomes. Realities like tensions between stakeholders of different power or tradeoffs between the pursuit of financial and social objectives can lead to social-oriented efforts that are temporary or that are decoupled from on-the-ground impacts. This symposium takes the position that there is great potential for for-profit firms to further social goals. However, we also posit that there is still much to learn about how companies can do good better. We focus on firms operating in weak institutional contexts, which create problems of economic and human development while also making it more difficult for companies to address them. Through their presentations, our scholars characterize firm-level efforts to address social problems in low- and middle-income economies, theorize the mechanisms for why firms’ efforts do not necessarily achieve desired social outcomes, and ascertain strategies for the improvement of firms’ participation in creating better outcomes, from the perspectives of both managers and policymakers. Pathways to Progress: Product- and Operation-Level Integration of Social Objectives Presenter: Tobias Bünder; Hertie School of Governance Presenter: Nikolas Rathert; Tilburg U. Presenter: Johanna Mair; Hertie School of Governance Getting in the Set: The Counterintuitive Effects of Impact Investing in Global Microfinance Presenter: Tyler Wry; The Wharton School, U. of Pennsylvania Presenter: Eric Y.-F. Zhao; Indiana U., Bloomington Presenter: Jaeho Kim; The Wharton School, U. of Pennsylvania How Electoral Contests Impact Corporate Social Responsibility: Evidence from India Presenter: Christiane Bode; Imperial College Business School Presenter: Aline Gatignon; The Wharton School, U. of Pennsylvania How Firms can Bring Efficiency and Innovation in the Provision of Public Goods Presenter: Luis Ballesteros; Boston U. Questrom School of Business

Problems and Prospects of Developing Rare Types of Tourism in the Arkhngelsk Region

The article studies the acute problems of social and economic development of the region, which affect the tourist sector and identifies causes of rising demand for internal travel. Niche types of tourism were researched. The author elaborated classification of resources necessary for rare types of travel and formulated key criteria required for their ranging. This classification includes all types of resources in view of their origin. The article investigates principle trends of rare types of tourism, puts forward the definition ‘dark types of tourism’, gives a list of resources included in this category and reveals aspects that have negative impact on resource potential of the territory. A list of objects was provided, whose inclusion in the program of traditional tours can raise competitiveness of new routes on travel service market and can become a key section of the excursion program oriented only to rare types of tourism. Vast resource potential of the country in general and the Arkhangelsk region, in particular, diversity of their natural and anthropogenic objects, unique phenomena gave an opportunity to the author to write that in case of skilled and efficient regional management deterrents for the development of rare types of tourism can be eliminated.

Identifying the characteristics and potential risk of seawater intrusion for southern China by the SBM-DEA model

Seawater intrusion (SWI) seriously affects the economic development of coastal areas in southern China, and understanding its mechanisms is the basis for effective control of SWI. Hydrogeochemical methods and slack-based measurement data envelopment analysis (SBM-DEA) are used to study the characteristics and potential risk of SWI in coastal cities of southern China. Types and distribution of SWI, coastal groundwater evolution, geological-geographic and economic threatens of SWI, potential SWI risk, and environmental management recommendations are explored. The results show that the intrusion areas of Zhejiang and Guangdong account for 94.1 % of the total intrusion area of southern China, and the intrusion degree in Zhejiang is the highest, followed by Guangdong and Fujian. SWI is prone to occur on the sandy and silty coasts of the plain area of southern China; it accelerates the groundwater evolution speed and shortens the evolution path. SBM-DEA can be well applied to evaluate the potential risk of SWI events, and the results indicate a noticeable difference in the environmental performance level of coastal cities in southern China. The low environmental performance level (<0.3) and severe SWI of Taizhou and Zhanjiang indicate that SWI gradually worsens with economic development. In contrast, the high environmental performance level (>0.7) and low SWI of Wenzhou, Fuzhou, Quanzhou, Shantou, and Beihai indicate that the potential risk of SWI is gradually decreasing. Moreover, this study confirms that the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) phenomenon exists in SWI events for southern China, and SWI-EKC indicates that the urban development of south China is approaching maturity. The specific case of SWI and EPL in coastal cities of south China jointly indicates that optimizing industrial structure, implementing a resources management policy, and improving citizens' environmental awareness are fundamental measures to resolve the contradiction between economic development and environmental problems.

COMPETITIVENESS AND REGIONAL DISPARITIES IN SLOVAKIA: SELECTED ECONOMIC INDICATORS

The transformation of Slovak society since 1989 is reflected in the development of Slovak regions, whether in the economic, political, cultural or social spheres. This change is taking place in each of the Slovak regions in a different way and with a different intensity. Various reforms have been adopted at the national level to help activate development activities in the regions and thus strengthen Slovakia‘s position in a united Europe. The concept of regional development covers the problems of political, economic, social and environmental development of the regions. There are several indicators used to compare the differences between regions, but in this paper, we have focused on economic indicators. Almost all economic indicators, as well as the functioning of the economies of most countries, have been dramatically affected by the still ongoing pandemic COVID-19. The impact of the pandemic on individual indicators is beginning to be quantifiable these days, and the data that give us room to assess the situation and predict future developments are available.

SOCIAL POLICY OF UNITED TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES AS A MEANS OF REPRODUCING HUMAN CAPITAL IN RURAL AREAS

Introduction. The most important task of the current stage of the country's social and economic development is the formation of a goal-oriented social policy aimed at the interests of citizens, aimed at creating conditions that ensure a sufficient level of quality of life and free human development, reducing social inequality, increasing the income of the population, ensuring the general availability and acceptable quality of basic social services. In essence, it is about solving a strategic problem – improving the quality of life of the country's population, which is especially relevant for residents of rural areas, since the solution to the problems of stable economic development and improvement of the population's well-being in Ukraine is largely determined by the development of rural areas. Methods. General scientific and special methods of economic research were used in the process of conducting research, in particular: systemic approach − when studying the connections between phenomena and processes in the system of ensuring the reproduction of human capital in rural areas; statistical analysis − when determining the tendency of reproduction of the country's rural population; comparative − to compare the social and economic conditions of reproduction of human capital in rural areas; dialectical, abstract and logical − for theoretical generalizations and the formation of conclusions. Results. The directions for improving the conditions for the formation and development of human capital in rural areas in a strategic perspective are substantiated: improvement of the living environment of the rural population; ensuring demographic growth in rural areas; improving the quality of educational services in the countryside; receiving timely and high-quality medical care; ensuring a high level of wages; integration of the rural population into the knowledge-based economy. The strategic development of rural areas and rural society should be based on the preservation of traditional culture and its reproduction, preservation of national origins and religious traditions, which ensure social, professional and cultural self-identification of individuals in the conditions of decentralization of rural communities. Discussion. The proposed measures can be used in the development of strategies for the social and economic development of rural united territorial communities in the context of the decentralization process. In the conditions of the post-war revival of Ukraine, the role of united territorial communities in the revival of the settlement network and stimulation of the return of the population through the restoration of social infrastructure facilities and the creation of additional jobs, in particular through self-employment, will be strengthened, which is promising for our further research. Keywords: human capital, social policy, decentralization, united territorial community, social infrastructure.

Main characteristics of project financing of infrastructure facilities and its development in Kazakhstan

The article deals with the issues of current stage of development process of project finance in Kazakhstan. The purpose of the study is to develop new recommendations based on the analysis of foreign experience in the applying project finance to implement the infrastructure projects. One of the most relevant economic development problems of Kazakhstan is the increase in investment activity, which requires the formation of an effective investment market. The complexity of its formation and the investment financing mechanism corresponding to a market economy lies in the fact that the Kazakhstani’s economy is in the stage of developing the necessary market infrastructure that ensures the free exchange of information between all business entities. However, there are very few reliable and adapted financing instruments that ensure the healthy functioning of investment activity. Therefore, in order to overcome the crisis and launch economic growth it is necessary to create new production capacities, to renew fixed assets and, on this basis, to implement innovative strategies of breakthrough and modernization. As follows from the above, the relevance and insufficient theoretical and practical study of the issues related to project financing in Kazakhstan, determined the choice of the topic, purpose and objectives of this study.

The experience of public-private partnership in Kazakhstan: modern approaches

The goal is to identify the features of public-private partnership (PPP) as an effective tool for solving the problems of economic, social and environmental development of various sectors of AIC of the republic, including grain product subcomplex. Research methods – analytical, allowing to study the processes of strengthening the PPP mechanism, increasing the efficiency of public support, which had a positive impact on growth in cost of gross crop production, new approaches to the relationship between the state and rural producers; observation and selection of facts, establishing links between them; and synthesis. Results – the prerequisites and incentives for expanding public-private partnerships are considered; industry specifics and national peculiarities of using this tool are shown; priority areas and risks of using PPP projects are identified, taking into account the experience of foreign countries; factors and conditions that ensure effective solutions to socially significant tasks of agricultural sector and stability of development of agro-industrial complex of Kazakhstan based on the implementation of the parity of national interests and private entrepreneurs are substantiated. Conclusions – based on the analysis of a representative information base, the authors state that in order to maintain positive trends in the growth of innovative sectoral structures that ensure the country's food security, it is necessary to improve existing ones and develop new forms of interaction between the State and representatives of agribusiness, including replacement of the system of subsidizing agricultural entities which is not always effective with their indirect support, with an emphasis on the most promising areas of PPP, more rational use of available resources and attracting private investment. One of the motives for the use of public-private partnership in agro-industrial production is the need to introduce advanced technologies, the lack of own resources.

Value Realization and Optimization Path of Forest Ecological Products-Case Study from Zhejiang Province, China.

In the last decade, more and more attention has been paid to the efficiency of ecological products’ value in the literature. Studying the value-conversion efficiency of forest ecological products can measure and reflect the huge value contained in forests, which is of great significance to promote the transformation between “clear water and green mountains” and “gold and silver mountains” as well as solve the problem of economic development and environmental protection. Studying the value-conversion efficiency of forest ecological products can scientifically evaluate the results of the mutual transformation of “clear water and green mountains” and “gold and silver mountains”, which is of great significance for deepening the theory of the “two mountains”. This paper took Zhejiang Province as the research object, constructed an index system of forest ecological products’ value accounting, used the super-SBM model and Malmquist index to calculate the conversion efficiency of forest ecological products’ value, and proposed optimization paths according to the research results. The results showed that: (1) From 2000 to 2020, the value of forest ecological products in Zhejiang Province showed a fluctuating upward trend. In 2020, the total value of forest ecological products was RMB 973.717 billion. Among them, the value of material products was RMB 12.560 billion, the value of ecological regulatory products was RMB 726.323 billion, and the value of cultural service products was RMB 234.834 billion. (2) There were great differences in the value-conversion efficiency of forest ecological products among cities in Zhejiang Province, but the overall trend was steady and developing in a positive direction. (3) The total-factor productivity of forest ecological products in Zhejiang Province showed a fluctuating trend, and its growth was mainly limited by the technical efficiency and technological progress index. (4) The main reasons for the conversion-efficiency loss of forest ecological products’ value in Zhejiang Province were excessive input and insufficient output. The specific reasons for the loss of efficiency in different cities were different, so it is necessary to find improvement paths according to local conditions. Our research provides a new perspective for the academic community to evaluate the value-realization effect of ecological products as well as a decision-making reference for policy makers of ecological environmental protection and construction.

Assessment of Jiangsu Regional Logistics Space Nonequilibrium Situation by Boosting and Bagging Algorithms

This study aims to solve the problem of unbalanced regional economic development in Jiangsu and deeply excavates the relevant theories of regional logistics and the unbalanced spatial situation. The classification of regional logistics and spatial disequilibrium and the dimensions involved are studied. At present, the development status of Jiangsu logistics has locked the main reason for the unbalanced situation of the regional logistics space in Jiangsu. The basic principles, application scope, and methods of Bagging and Boosting algorithms are deeply studied. Then, the Jiangsu logistics space nonequilibrium situation assessment model is established based on the Bagging and Boosting algorithms, and the input data is sorted and summarized. Finally, the results are obtained through experiments evaluating the model and analyzed and summarized. The core issues, the factors affecting development, and the uneven development situation have been comprehensively assessed. The conclusion drawn is as follows: the imbalance of the logistics productivity of various regions in Jiangsu will inevitably lead to the imbalance of the regional logistics space in Jiangsu, which affects the coordinated and healthy development of the regional logistics in Jiangsu. These conclusions are significant to the inherent causes and effects of regional logistics spatial disequilibrium and can promote the coordination, synergy, and common development of Jiangsu logistics regions.

Economic development collaboration in public administration research: A systematic literature review

Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) approach, this article investigates 85 articles on economic development collaboration in public administration research, published between 1990 and 2022. Economic development collaboration is the process of interaction among multiple economic development organizations in order to tackle economic development problems that cannot be resolved by single organizations. This systematic review demonstrates seven key aspects of economic development collaboration studies: (1) research questions, (2) collaboration types, (3) empirical designs and methods, (4) antecedents of economic development collaboration, (5) mechanisms of economic collaboration, (6) outcomes of economic development collaboration, and (7) research limitations. Based on these results, this article identifies strengths and weaknesses in economic development collaboration research and concludes with a future research agenda.

Sports Economic Mining Algorithm Based on Association Analysis and Big Data Model.

With the implementation of national strategies such as sports power and national fitness, the sports economy has become an important element of high-quality national development, and the demand for sports economy and management talents is greatly increased. Particularly in the new area with big data as the typical feature, the teaching content, teaching method, and teaching mode of sports economics and management majors have put forward new requirements. The continuous progress of storage and network technology has prompted the generation of massive multisource spatiotemporal data in various fields. The advantage of association analysis algorithms is that they are easy to code and implement. The relationships found by association analysis can take two forms: frequent itemsets or association rules. We use correlation analysis methods to perform correlation learning between sports economy and related big data and thus improve the development of sports economy. Mining and analyzing the relevant big data can precisely reveal the problems of sports economic development and can realize the fine management of sports, thus contributing to the healthy development of sports. Mastering the skills of acquiring, analyzing, and applying big data is the core content of sports economic analysis. The sports economy has refined and intelligent management means, and its adoption of virtual reality reflects the current situation and development trend of the sports business, which further highlights the status and role of multisource big data in the sports economy. Based on these, this paper proposed a sports economy mining algorithm in view of the correlation analysis and big data model. Then, we verified the effectiveness of the model through experiments, which laid the foundation for the development of the sports economy.

From Capital to Capabilities: Human Development Theory and New Directions in Economic Development

This paper investigates the potential of human development theory to provide alternatives to long-standing practical and conceptual problems in traditional economic development. We show that the capabilities approach developed by Sen and Nussbaum provides new solutions to four long-standing problems that define economic development activities focused on industrial recruitment and highly skilled professionals: (1) competition for scarce material resources, (2) connection to other planning specializations, (3) cities’ limited control over economies, and (4) coordinating the unmanageable networks that oversee plans. We demonstrate that these benefits are actual, rather than aspirational, by documenting the growth and diffusion of three types of urban economic policies that enact human development ideas: employment standards, reduced-cost education, and universal public programs

НОВІ МОЖЛИВОСТІ ЕКОНОМІЧНОГО РОЗВИТКУ УЗБЕКИСТАНУ

To implement the goals of the dynamic development of the domestic economy of Uzbekistan declared by the country's leadership in the context of significant foreign policy and internal economic contradictions, it is necessary that both the goals and objectives of the socio-economic policy of the Republic of Uzbekistan correspond to the existing relations of appropriation and alienation of property both within the country and in relation to other economies. The purpose of the article is to explore the prospects for new opportunities for the economic development of Uzbekistan. The object of the research is the opportunities and incentives for the economic development of Uzbekistan. Research methods. The theoretical basis for the research was the works of scientists on the issues of cooperative-integration relations in the agro-industrial complex. In the process of research, the following methods were used: abstract-logical, monographic, comparative analysis, etc. Research hypothesis. Understanding property relations as, first of all, constantly changing social relations. Presentation of the main material. The transformation of property relations occurs not only and not so much under the influence of external factors, but also primarily as a result of the implementation of an immanent internal logic emanating from the historical dynamics of development. Originality and practical value. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the development of theoretical and scientific-methodological approaches to solving the ecological and economic problems of the region's development. Conclusions and prospects for further research. Overcoming the identified negative trends in the socio-economic situation in the country is possible through the use of mechanisms for improving property relations, including limiting the use of property rights of the state by the bureaucracy; use of a wide range of mechanisms to protect property rights.

Comparison of Imbalanced Data Methods on Logistics Regression (Case Study: Poverty in Indonesia In 2018)

Poverty is still one of the main problems in economic development and inequality, unemployment, and economic growth. This study aims to model poverty directly by using a discrete choice model using binomial regression. The data used is imbalanced data, where one of the value categories is relatively small. In this study, the logistic regression method applies several resample techniques. They include undersampling, oversampling, a combination of both, and Cost-Sensitive Learning (CSL). The results obtained that both sampling techniques provide optimal results when viewed from the indicators of accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, and AUC. In addition, the results show that in households in rural areas, the head of the household is female, unmarried, has low education, married at an early/old age, and has a large household size, has a greater chance of being poor than other categories. So that targeted and comprehensive policy is needed so that the poverty rate can continue to be reduced and welfare increases