Problems Of Cultural Differences Research Articles

Representasi Perjuangan Seorang Ibu Immigrant dalam Film Mrs Chatterjee Vs Norway

Films are included in audio-visual media which are made with the aim of being entertainment media, educational media, politics and propaganda media. One of the films shown as entertainment media and also educational media is the film Mrs Chatterjee vs Norway, which tells the story of an immigrant mother's struggle to restore custody of her child. In this research, the method used is descriptive qualitative with John Fiske's semiotic theory. Semiotics is a science that studies signs. This research aims to find the meaning of a sign that shows a mother's struggle by using John Fiske's three levels of semiotics, namely the level of reality, representation and ideology. This research has revealed that the film Mrs Chatterjee vs Norway has shown a strong representation of the struggles of an immigrant mother living in a foreign country. In the process, the researcher will connect several scenes contained in that show the struggle of an immigrant mother with John Fiske's semiotic theory. Judging from Debika Chatterjee's character, it really depicts a mother's struggle for her children, and also illustrates how strong a woman is in facing every problem and obstacle she goes through in life alone. The results of this research are 8 scenes that show the struggle of an immigrant mother who moves to a foreign country because she joins her husband who demands a job which results in a problem of cultural differences which results in the mother having to try to restore custody of her child. From the research that has been carried out, researchers draw the conclusion that a mother will do anything for her own child, no matter what obstacles she goes through, a mother will still fight for her child, even a mother will sacrifice her life for the sake of her child.

Konsep Pendidikan Komunikasi dan Kebudayaan

This study examines the concept of Communication and Culture Education. The study of cross-cultural communication cannot be separated from culture because in cross-cultural communication the communication participants are faced with the problem of cultural differences. This type of research uses a descriptive type which aims to make a systematic, factual and accurate description or picture of facts, characteristics and the relationship between phenomena in the object of research according to the problems studied. The results of this study are; a. Communication Relations with Culture, b. The Cruciality of Cultural Differences, c. Prejudice. The situation in cross-cultural communication is so dynamic and evolving and sometimes not free from stereotypes. In cross-cultural communication there is an exchange between one culture and another. The cultural pressure point in the context of cross-cultural communication has more to do with immaterial cultural aspects, such as language, traditions, habits, customs, moral norms and values, ethics, ideas, religion, arts, beliefs, and so on.

‘New’ Dutch Civic Integration: learning ‘Spontaneous Compliance’ to address inherent difference

ABSTRACT In January 2022 the new Dutch Civic Integration programme was launched together with promises of improvements it would bring in facilitating the ‘integration’ of newcomers to the Netherlands. This study presents a critical discourse analysis of texts intended for municipalities to take on their new coordinating role in this programme. The analysis aims to understand the discourse in the texts, which actors are mobilized by them, and the role these texts and these actors play in processes of governmental racialization. The analysis demonstrates shifting complex assemblages are brought into cascades of governance in which all actors are disciplined to accept the problem of integration as a problem of cultural difference and distance, and then furthermore disciplined to adopt new practices deemed necessary to identify and even ‘objectively’ measure the inherent traits contributing to this problematic. Lastly, the analysis displays that all actors are disciplined to accept the solution of ‘spontaneous compliance’; a series of practices and knowledges, which move the civic integration programme beyond an aim of responsibilization, into a programme of internalization, wherein newcomers are expected to own and address their problematic ‘nature’, making ‘modern’ values their own.

The Problem of Cultural Differences among Cadets of Universities of the Russian Penal System (Religious Aspect)

The Problem of Cultural Differences among Cadets of Universities of the Russian Penal System (Religious Aspect)

КУЛЬТУРНАЯ СПЕЦИФИКА В ЗАПОМИНАНИИ И ВОСПРОИЗВЕДЕНИИ СЮЖЕТНОГО МАТЕРИАЛА (НА ПРИМЕРЕ АЗЕРБАЙДЖАНСКОЙ И РУССКОЙ КУЛЬТУРЫ)

Relevance. Th e paper is devoted to an extremely relevant in theoretical and practical terms problem of cultural diff erences in memory organization, which is considered on the example of memorizing plot material by representatives of Russian and Azerbaijani culture. Methodology and sample. Th e study involved 60 people, 30 people in each cultural subsample. A specially developed technique of verbal video plot repro-duction was used. Th e narrative was presented without speech and sound accompaniment, which allowed to use identical stimulus material for diff erent cultures. Results. Th e results obtained indicate the cultural specifi city in memorizing and reproducing plot material. It is shown that signifi cance of social and individualpsychological factors of memory organization changes depending on affi liation to collectivistic or individualistic culture. Th e representatives of Azerbaijani culture are more likely to include a moral conclusion in the plot, whilst those of Russian culture are more inclined to analyze the motivation of characters. Conclusion 1. Th e representatives of Russian culture are more likely to demonstrate the subjectivity of the reconstructed plot and greater projective freedom of interpretation regarding events and details. Th is can be explained by the activity of individual cognitive factors in relation to memorization. 2. Th e tendency to moral assessments and moralizing in reproduction of a plot is more specifi c to the representatives of Azerbaijani culture. Th is trend indicates an active role of social norms and rules in mnemonic processes determination as compared to individual factors (e.g., motivation). 3. Th e motivation of characters as the basis of storyline is more peculiar to the representatives of Russian culture compared to the Azerbaijanis. Th is fi nding testifi es to the greater importance of the individual personal determinants of mnemonic processes for Russians.

Wybrane aspekty przekładu terminów prawnych w kontekście międzykulturowym w postępowaniu ekstradycyjnym między Niemcami a Polską

This paper focuses on the problem of cultural differences with respect to legal terms translation concerning the extradition procedure between Germany and Poland. In this context, the question as to how to tailor German legal terminology referring to institutional and office names to that of the Polish language in order to make the text comprehensible and understandable for Polish readers, e.g., judges, prosecutors or legal representatives, will be considered from a cultural perspective. The study is illustrated by examples from a German prosecutor’s letters to the Polish District Court regarding extradition arrangement.

Problems of Cultural Differences and Conceptual Gaps in Conference Interpretation Process Concerning English and Kurdish

Problems of Cultural Differences and Conceptual Gaps in Conference Interpretation Process Concerning English and Kurdish

Problems of Cultural Differences and Conceptual Gaps in Conference Interpretation Process Concerning English and Kurdish

The study deals with the conference interpretation process. It tackles cultural and conceptual gaps in the process of interpreting from English to Kurdish and vice versa. The study tackles the interpretation and consecutive interpretation process in the conference and language of media, attempting to determine the strategies that interpreters should follow. Interpretation recently has become one of the most significant required areas in this field of language study. The study seeks to answer the following questions: Do interpreter's backgrounds, knowledge, and viewpoint, and needs have specific significant roles in the quality of interpreting problems? Do consecutive interpreters work as cultural mediators? How to deal with cultural differences and conceptual gaps? Do cultural issues affect the quality of a text and how to solve the problem of interpretation?

The Problem Without a Name: Comments on Cultural Difference (Racism) in India

This paper is about race and race relations in India with a focus on the experiences of violence and discrimination that people from India’s Northeast face in mainland India. This has become a ‘problem without a name’, generally articulated as a problem of cultural difference. The paper argues that the emphasis on cultural difference elides the issue of racism faced by India’s north-eastern subjects, whereby culture is a mere substitute for race. Institutional approaches to racism tend to rely on a biological understanding of race. The paper demonstrates the racial formation of the category ‘north-eastern’ through the processes of colonialism, nationalism and counter-insurgency. This approach shows the ways in which racism, classism and sexism work together in constituting the racialised, gendered and classed north-eastern subject.

Intercultural Management between Tunisia and Europe

The subject of this paper is to report on the problem of cultural differences in management between Tunisia and Europe in the context of the company.Thus, the paradox between values and the way of managers’ life in companies. Therefore, daily strategies also represent one's willingness to be accepted by society and not to be cut off.The present article has three parts. The first is to identify the cultural foundations of European society, the Anglo-Saxons and the francophone’s culture. The second is to show how Tunisian cultural values are unsuited to the European model. The third part is to propose some recommendations for adapting the strategies of Tunisian companies to their European partners. Based on the Tunisian cultural configuration and the information collected through the case studies, we recommend a code of conduct companies attempt to bring together all staff around common values and to foster a common culture where social responsibility can play an important role. These codes cannot be imposed but must correspond to the reality of the business under. It is difficult for a gap to be created between the speeches and the reality, leading to the de-involvement of managers.The subject of this paper is to report on the problem of cultural differences in management between Tunisia and Europe in the context of the company.Thus, the paradox between values and the way of managers’ life in companies. Therefore, daily strategies also represent one's willingness to be accepted by society and not to be cut off.The present article has three parts. The first is to identify the cultural foundations of European society, the Anglo-Saxons and the francophone’s culture. The second is to show how Tunisian cultural values are unsuited to the European model. The third part is to propose some recommendations for adapting the strategies of Tunisian companies to their European partners. Based on the Tunisian cultural configuration and the information collected through the case studies, we recommend a code of conduct companies attempt to bring together all staff around common values and to foster a common culture where social responsibility can play an important role. These codes cannot be imposed but must correspond to the reality of the business under. It is difficult for a gap to be created between the speeches and the reality, leading to the de-involvement of managers.

Cultural Differences in Network Communication - Analysis on the Basis of Communication Behaviour in a High-Context and Low-Context Culture

The problem of cultural differences has been the subject of scientific research for many years. Particular importance was given to this issue in the context of analysis of cultural dissimilarities in the light of globalisation processes that influence unification, including in particular cultural unification. At the same time, rapid development of new media, particularly social media, influences the way of communication, mainly of younger users, thus supporting the processes of cultural unification. The considerations made in this article refer to the analysis of behaviour that in network communication accompanies the representatives of a low-context culture (German students), a high-context culture (students from Kiev) and Polish students, who in their behaviour are identified as the representatives of features attributed to both a high-context and a low-context culture, according to the typology proposed by Geert Hofstede. The text indicates at the most important cultural differences that occur in network communication and that are identified in attitudes and interactions of students, at the same time also marking similarities in communication behaviour of representatives of different types of cultures. The following text and the research results included in it are part of the stream of analyses of the social media influence on the processes of cultural unification and cultural change that occur in digital reality, including pointing to the possibilities for the use of new media to strengthen social processes connected with multiculturalism.

Tolerancija kao preduslov interkulturalne saradnje i savremenog obrazovanja

In the modern globalistic context of the world, the norms of functioning defaults democracy and tolerance which are necessary for effective communication between different groups like nations, religions, ect. In the multicultural world which is characterized by different and specific norms and values, one of preconditions of such communication is the intercultural education. Problem of cultural differences which is oriented to establishing of equality, affirms intercultural education for providing the more equal educational system for young people through coexistence and mutual tolerance.

Home away home: Adjustment experience of Bangladeshi immigrants in the Netherlands

Adjustment into a new culture is of crucial importance for the immigrants to lead a meaningful life in that culture. The present study investigates the adjustment experiences of Bangladeshi immigrants in the Netherlands by exploring and describing the nature of psychological, socio-cultural, and economic adjustment. Participants were 14 Bangladeshi immigrants aged between 29 and 62 years who were selected through snowball sampling technique, were directly or indirectly related with restaurant business and had been residing in the Netherlands for at least five years. A qualitative approach to data collection and analysis was employed in order to get insights from the study participants. For collecting data, in-depth interviews were conducted among the study participants. Data analysis was done with the use of MAXQDA qualitative data analysis software. Examination of the interview transcripts revealed that the immigrants are psychologically happy with their well-being, as almost all of their expectations have been fulfilled despite some problems of cultural differences. Bangladeshi immigrants maintain socio-cultural relationship with the people sufficient to lead normal daily lives as they do hardly face any problem. However, there interaction with Dutch is limited. Though they are not completely happy with their busy lives in the Netherlands, they feel better here compared to Bangladesh. They are economically adjusted because of the fulfilment of their economic expectations. Several practical implications were elicited from the research including a need for programmes that promote immigrants’ integration with the mainstream of the Dutch society by encouraging the broadening of social relationship.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 12(2): 345-350, December 2014

The significance of the categories of Spinoza’s ethics for cultural historical research La importancia de las categorías de la ética de Spinoza para la investigación histórico-cultura

The starng-point for this presentaon is a joint Brazilian-German research project on “Reading and Wring as a Cultural Praxis of Youth”. This was an empirical qualitative study on the basis of open“dialogical interviews” (Bakhtin) which focused on this praxis of youths. In addition to Bakhtin as amethodological perspective, Lurija’s concept of a “romantic science” became fundamental to ourproject1. The goals of our research were as follows: 1. To understand reading and writing intheirinterrelationship as a specific form of cultural praxis; 2. To contribute by means of research on thisspecific praxis to the theoretical dimensions of the concept of “cultural praxis” as a symbolicallymediated praxis; 3.To better understand – precisely by means of this praxis on the part of childrenand youths – current changes in reading and writing. To this end, we proceeded from the assumption that children and youths have a particular sensitivity for symbolizing their experiences with regard tonew developments in a society2. 4. We intended to concretize these goals in a “cultural comparison”of this praxis on the part of Brazilian and German youths. With the following remarks, we will not be presenting the project in its entirety, its results, or the discussion thereof. Rather, we would liketo discuss one particular aspect in more detail: the problem of cultural diff erences, the explosivenature of which only became evident in the course of the research process.

Ekspatrianci wobec szoku kulturowego i odwróconego szoku kulturowego

It can be assumed that globalization, leading to the unification and assimilation of many processes which take place in the world economy, technology, and culture will transform the contemporary world into a global village, and thus the problem of cultural differences will be marginalized. If the easiness of acquisition and transmission of information via Internet as well as fast and cheap movement of people offered by economic airlines are taken into account, it can be concluded that the discussion about culture shock and reverse culture shock experienced by expatriates is unjustified. However, in practice, the phenomenon of culture shock still occurs, and its course and scope depends on expatriate’s personality, his preparation for work and life in a foreign country, and the degree of cultural diversity. Culture shock extends the period of adaptation to a new culture, has negative impact on well-being, achievements, effectiveness, and reduces job satisfaction. Some managers cannot adjust to work and life in a foreign cultural environment and decide to return earlier to their home country. The ones who are able to overcome culture shock and adapt to new conditions of work and life can experience reverse culture shock after coming back home, because in the meantime everything has changed. Culture shock also applies to inpatriates, local managers delegated to the headquarters. Complete elimination of negative consequences of culture shock and reverse culture shock is not always possible but there are some methods of reducing negative effects of this phenomenon. Hence, the purpose of this article is to identify the essence and the course of culture shock, and indicate the ways leading to the reduction and mitigation of its consequences. Studies and analysis of literature illustrating culture shock and reverse culture shock were conducted to achieve the aim of this paper, and the monographic method was utilized to the presentation of the results of the research.

Beauty and the Little Stories of Holiness: What Alejandro García-Rivera Taught Me

Beauty and the Little Stories of Holiness: What Alejandro García-Rivera Taught Me Peter J. Casarella (bio) I found out about the passing of Alejandro García-Rivera through an email I received from Roberto Goizueta while undertaking a pilgrimage from a conference I was attending in Oxford (United Kingdom) to the village of Littlemore. Besides the shock of grief, I felt immediately at a loss and needed to make sense of the place in which I found myself. As a result, my memories of this trip are sharply etched. Littlemore was a small retreat house on the outskirts of Oxford that the theologian and convert, John Henry Newman, used as a refuge for himself and other members of the Oxford Movement as they prayed, read the Church Fathers, and contemplated entering into communion with the Church of Rome. I discovered on this bus ride that Littlemore stands in the vicinity of a community that is almost entirely Muslim. Newman’s retreat in 1842 from the din of Oxford to the quiet country parish is today a journey from the Victorian classicism of the Christ Church (the college of young Newman) to an exurb of fully globalized hybridity. At Littlemore, I prayed for Alex in a baroque interior chapel where the young John Henry Newman had also prayed. The room had the size and feel of a photographer’s darkroom. In 1863, a sensitive young Englishman with an interest in the classics visited Newman’s chapel at Littlemore, describing afterward with great pleasure, in a letter to his mother, the “exquisite” nature of its “altar and reredos.”1 That year, this man—the Jesuit poet Gerard Manley Hopkins—entered Oxford to nurture his interest in literature. Three years later, he sought out an elderly Fr. Newman (now at the Oratory in Birmingham) in order to ask to be received into communion with the Catholic Church. The mature theological aesthetics of this poet, particularly the finely tuned vision of the unity of difference in his remarkable poem “Pied Beauty,” lie at the very center of Alejandro García-Rivera’s work.2 We live through our collective memories, especially of the dead and of those whom we admire. These recollections help me to see more clearly something of Alejandro García-Rivera’s legacy for theologians today. He was no ordinary thinker. He would have taken delight in each one of the stories I narrated to myself. He would discern a mosaic from these fragmented vignettes, expandable to the size of a Sistine Chapel. My vision is probably less wholistic. The three protagonists dwell in communion in many ways. Like Newman and Hopkins, García-Rivera possessed a deep, humble, and personal sense of conversion/metanoia, and thought deeply about the existential significance of ecclesial belonging. Like them, he was a thinker who could move easily through complex philosophical and scientific discourses and focus on what needed to be said in order to articulate the sense of the faithful. His own Littlemore was, I suspect, more Californian—namely, that of the Camaldolese monks at Incarnation Monastery in Berkeley and at New Calmaldoli Hermitage in Big Sur (a huge improvement over British weather, I must say). His reverence for the contemplation of beauty and his deep sense of tradition were in this sense still very much in the spirit of the men who retreated from the individualistic, Anglo-Saxon culture of Oxford. Unlike his British counterparts from the nineteenth century, however, he was even better equipped to think about the problem of cultural difference in the world in which we find ourselves today. García-Rivera and I met in 1997 on the occasion of a conference that Raúl Gómez, S.D.S., and I organized at The Catholic University of America on the Hispanic Presence in the U.S. Catholic Church.3 We bonded out of a mutual admiration for Swiss theologian Hans Urs von Balthasar, and this bond led shortly afterwards to my being invited to serve as a reader of the dissertation of Michelle González at the Graduate Theological Union—a work that undertook a comparison of von Balthasar and Sor Juana Inés de...

Cross-cultural Competence and Its Development

Cross-cultural competence is composed of three components, i.e. the sensitivity to cultural differences, tolerance towards cultural differences and flexibility in dealing with problems of cultural differences, which are from low to high in stratification. TEFL should improve the learners’ cognitive competence and their competence in solving problems concerning cross-cultural differences.

Collaboration Structure, Communication Media, and Problems in Scientific Work Teams

This article reviews the structural characteristics of work organizations that are likely to increase collaboration problems and tests the relationships between collaboration structure and problems using data from a survey of scientists in four fields (experimental biology, mathematics, physics, and sociology). Two groups of problems are identified: problems of coordination and misunderstandings and problems of cultural differences and information security. Greater coordination problems are associated with size, distance, interdependence, and scientific competition. Problems of culture and security are associated with size, distance, scientific competition, and commercialization. Email use is associated with reporting fewer coordination problems, but not fewer problems of culture and security, while neither phone use nor face-to-face meetings significantly reduces problems. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of these findings for designers of collaboration technologies and researchers involved in scientific collaborations.

Reflections on liberalism, policulturalism, and ID-ology: citizenship and difference in South Africa

How do nation-states in the twenty-first century, nation-states increasingly forced to come to terms with the ethnic heterogeneity of their citizens, deal with the problem of cultural difference? How, in particular, does the Constitution of post-apartheid South Africa — widely believed to be the most enlightened in the contemporary world, the most tolerant of diversity — strike a balance between the ‘One Law’ of ‘The Nation’ and the plurality of customary beliefs sustained, as a matter of right, by the various peoples who make up this postcolony? What happens, in the course of everyday existence, when Constitution and Custom appear to contradict one another — and to do so in such a manner as to raise questions of basic human rights, of freedom of belief, even of life-and-death? These questions are addressed in the paper through a critical, broadly situated analysis of the confrontation between the Constitution of South Africa and the Kingdom of Custom that continues to prevail in one of its provinces, the North West. By exploring a complicated case that drew the State, via its Human Rights Commission, into open conflict with a Tswana chiefdom — a case about death rituals argued, before a high court judge, in the lexicon of modern jurisprudence — it shows how a ‘living constitution’, tolerant of everyday ambiguity, is being forged in the space of strategic engagement opened up by the alternative languages and cultures of legality that exist in this ‘policultural’ postcolony. And in others like it.

Cultural Politics and the State

Taking off from the contributions by Baumann and Caglar this paper examines the problem of cultural difference (ethnic, religious) within the nation-state. It rejects the thesis that the modern nation-state produces a homogeneous national culture. Instead it argues that it produces a space in which new differences, new resistances and new inequalities emerge.