Problem Of Competitiveness Research Articles

Partially ordered set evaluation of logistics competitiveness of coastal port cites considering carbon emissions

Aiming at the problem of logistics competitiveness of coastal cities, a logistics competitiveness evaluation method based on weighted and partially ordered set combinations is proposed. Carbon emissions and inhalable pollutant concentrations are included in the evaluation scope, and an evaluation index system for the logistics competitiveness of 17 coastal port cities is constructed. The results show that: (1) the competitiveness of the logistics industry in 17 coastal port cities in China has been continuously improved, and the catch-up effect of logistics industry development in coastal port cities such as Shenzhen, Ningbo and Qingdao is obvious. The competitiveness level of the logistics industry shows an obvious spatial imbalance. (2) The competitiveness of the logistics industry in Yingkou, Beibu Gulf and other coastal port cities is low, and the difference in competitiveness of the logistics industry in coastal port cities is the main reason for the overall imbalance. (3) The technological innovation, openness and economic development level of the city and the hinterland have a positive impact on the competitiveness of the logistics industry, and the level of economic development has the greatest contribution to the variance of the competitiveness of the logistics industry. The logistics competitiveness of 17 cities is ranked and classified. The leading cities have core diffusion effects and promote the development of the competitiveness of each city. Suggestions on improving the competitiveness of cities are conducive to the high-quality development of China’s logistics industry.

Circular economy and agriculture: Mapping circular practices, drivers, and barriers for traditional table-olive groves

The Circular Economy (CE) has notable potential for the economic, environmental, and social sustainability of agriculture. However, the literature on the CE has focused on the industrial sector, leaving significant gaps in the analysis of sustainable circular models in agriculture. In the case of traditional table-olive cultivation, which suffers from serious competitiveness problems, the possibilities of the CE are particularly relevant. Given the lack of previous research for the sector, this work aims to map the circular practices carried out in traditional table-olive groves and identify their drivers and barriers. To this end, an exploratory methodology of mixed approaches is proposed that combines desk research, observational fieldwork, focus groups with stakeholders and experts, and farmers' in-depth interviews. This methodology can be generalised to other crops. The results obtained have enabled up to 59 practices to be brought to light throughout all stages of the life cycle of olive cultivation, which cover all the principles and strategies of the CE. Plant covers, the use of eco-efficient techniques, the repair and sharing of machinery and tools, and the management of organic outputs stand out. The collaborative economy and institutional support were identified as the main drivers, while technical-economic barriers and regulatory limitations constitute the main obstacles detected. Based on these results, three groups of recommendations are proposed as a guide to future policies for which certain CE practices are highlighted: increase financial incentives, create a stable legislative framework, and reinforce incentives for the collaborative economy.

Державна політика щодо добробуту населення та продовольчої безпеки України у контексті її конкурентоспроможності: теоретичний аспект

The article is devoted to analyzing the dependence on population well-being and food security in Ukraine in the context of post-war reconstruction and state competitiveness, as well as the risks and limitations of state policy. The article combines three concepts for the first time: «well-being of the population”, «food security», «state competitiveness». The authors used various theoretical and practical approaches, criteria, indicators, and methods that reflect different aspects and problems of population well-being and state competitiveness. They also considered international standards and recommendations and the specificity of national conditions and needs. Population well-being, food security, and state competitiveness depend on each other, but they are not a linear and unambiguous dependence. Various factors, such as context, values, interests, strategies, and policies, influence this dependence. Post-war reconstruction and state competitiveness create new challenges and threats to population well-being and food security in Ukraine, such as uneven distribution of resources, goods, opportunities, and influence among different groups of the population, especially vulnerable and marginalized, negative impact on the environment, which is an essential factor of population well-being, reduction of quality of life, health, security, and happiness of the population. The author proposed a strategy that would consider the interests and needs of different population groups and the preservation and improvement of the environment. Such a strategy should be based on the guaranteed minimum level of well-being, ensuring equal opportunities, improving quality of life, strengthening social cohesion, and ensuring social security, protection, responsibility, and integration. The risks and limitations of state policy on population well-being in Ukraine can be prevented and overcome by conducting administrative, economic, demographic, social, political, defense, environmental, and cultural reforms. The results of this study can be used for planning, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation of state policy on population well-being and state competitiveness in Ukraine, as well as for cooperation with international partners and the public. The author calls for further research on these issues, especially using new data, methods, and tools. Keywords: state policy, food security, well-being, population, Ukraine, strategy, scientific foundations, priorities, challenges, post-war reconstruction, competitiveness, state.

МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ ПОДХОДЫ К ВЫБОРУ НАПРАВЛЕНИЙ РАЗРАБОТКИ МЕТОДОВ ОЦЕНКИ И АНАЛИЗА КОНКУРЕНТОСПОСОБНОСТИ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯ

This article examines the theoretical problems of competitiveness, competitiveness as a multidimensional economic category can be considered in several aspects, between which there is a close relationship - the competitiveness of a country, the competitiveness of a commodity producer and the competitiveness of a commodity. Competition is a dynamic and evolving process, a continuously changing landscape in which there is a threat of invasion by new competitors. Competition among competitors is the threat of the emergence of substitute products for the economic potential of buyers. Market conditions are changing because there are forces in motion that create the conditions for change. In economic theory, the concept of enterprise competitiveness is given many definitions, each of which covers one or another side of it, or attempts to characterize it comprehensively. It can be noted that the degree of influence of competitive forces determines the marginal profit potential of the industry. The goal of the company is to find and take a position in the industry where it will be best protected from the influence of these forces or will be able to influence them from its side. The analysis of the forces of competition provides a solid basis for a strategic action plan. At the same time, each business entity is in a unique competitive situation, which necessitates the search for a variety of competitive solutions. Differences in the approaches of economists in determining the essence of competition are reflected when considering the category of competitiveness. The main task of each researcher studying the problems of competitiveness of an enterprise is to determine criteria, as well as to find sources and factors of competitiveness. In the economic literature, one can find very heterogeneous definitions of the competitiveness of an enterprise. An enterprise should know to what extent it is competitive in relation to other subjects of this market, since a high degree of competitiveness is a guarantee of obtaining high economic performance in market conditions, and have a strategic goal of achieving such a level that would help it survive in conditions of fierce competition. The level of competitiveness of an enterprise depends on many factors that can be conditionally grouped into two blocks: the competitive environment and the location. The essence and nature of the influence of competitive environment factors can be represented in the form of a model of the five forces of competition. On the other hand, in addition to the factors of the competitive environment, the level of competitiveness of an enterprise largely depends on the factors of its location. The influence of these factors can be represented as the following system of determinants: conditions of factors of production; conditions of demand; related, supportive and related enterprises; the strategy and structure of the enterprise. The presented determinants determine the existence of an environment in which enterprises arise and enter into competition. Their composition and interaction determine the advantages and disadvantages of an enterprise in the course of competition. Let's briefly consider each of these determinants. Conditions of factors of production include: availability of factors of production, hierarchy between factors of production (basic factors: natural resources, geographical location, unskilled labor, etc. and specialized factors: information infrastructure of modern digital databases, a system of research institutes, etc.); creation of production factors (investments, basic research, training system, cooperation and coordination with public institutions in the innovation process), as well as individual disadvantages of production factors (disadvantages of basic factors, lack of labor, lack of domestic supplies of raw materials and materials, harsh climate, which create obstacles to the innovation process). The "factor supply" category itself consists of five components: human resources (quantity, qualifications and cost of labor); physical resources (quantity, quality and accessibility of land, water, minerals, forests, energy sources, climatic conditions and geographical location); knowledge resources (accumulated in data banks and statistical services, knowledge and information or access to data accumulated in public institutions); capital resources (the amount of capital that can be attracted by an enterprise); infrastructure (transport system, communication system, housing stock, health and education systems, cultural institutions).

АНАЛІЗ МІЖНАРОДНОЇ КОНКУРЕНТОСПРОМОЖНОСТІ АПК УКРАЇНИ ТА КРАЇН СВІТУ В УМОВАХ ІНДУСТРІЇ 4.0

The article is devoted to the international competitiveness of the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine and the countries of the world that are its largest competitors: Brazil, China, India, Turkey and the United States. The purpose of the article is to determine the advantages and problems of international competitiveness of the domestic agro-industrial complex in comparison with the largest competing countries in the context of technological development and implementation of Industry 4.0. The results obtained can be used in the creation of a a concept for improving the international competitiveness of Ukraine's agro-industrial complex. To achieve this goal, the research was conducted using the following methods: comparative analysis, economic and statistical methods, namely, the method of processing a dynamic series to identify a trend, graphical and tabular methods to visualize the observed data and research results. The analysis of time series for 2003-2022 showed that among the countries studied, Ukraine has the largest share of agricultural exports in GDP by a significant margin. The assessment of the dynamics of the foreign trade balance showed that Brazil, Ukraine and India are significant players as net exporters of agricultural products on the international market, while countries such as the United States and China are becoming increasingly dependent on agricultural imports, acting as net importers. The analysis of the structure of agricultural exports showed that Brazil, China, and India have the highest diversification of agricultural exports. As for the value of exports, Brazil and the United States are in the lead. It is established that in terms of the relative indicator, namely the share of exports of agro-industrial goods, Brazil, India and Ukraine prevail. The author notes a significant potential for increasing the international competitiveness of domestic agricultural products, strengthening Ukraine's position in the global agricultural segment, which can serve as an indicator of the efficiency and competitiveness of the Ukrainian agro-industrial complex.

Проблема изучения конкурентоспособности педагога высшей школы и педагога общего образования в контексте современных вызовов и угроз цифрового мира

The relevance of the problem under study is determined by the fact that the global growth of digitalization of all spheres of economic activity accelerates the transformation of higher and general education and requires urgent “reassembly” of the skills of professional activity of university teachers and schoolteachers, adaptation of the entire education system to the demands of the digital economy and digital society. The aim of the article was to define the conceptual apparatus of the problem of competitiveness of a higher education teacher and a general education teacher in the context of modern challenges and threats of the digital world. The source of information for the analysis were academic studies of domestic and foreign authors on the designated problematics, placed in the lens.org database. VOSviewer program is used as a means of bibliometric analysis. The sample of the study consisted of 136 academic scientific publications from 2018 to 2023, indexed in domestic and foreign bibliographic and abstract databases of peer-reviewed scientific literature. As a result of the study, the definition of competitiveness of a university teacher and a schoolteacher is formulated; a list of factors determining the development of teacher competitiveness is presented; competencies (abilities, skills, abilities and qualities) of competitiveness of a university teacher and a schoolteacher are identified.

Advantages and machine learning role in assessing the enterprises competitiveness in the digital economy

This work examines the possibilities and advantages using neural networks to assess the competitive enterprise’s ability in the digital economy. This issue is relevant, considering the progressing digital economy development and the data accumulation on the enterprise’s activities. Analysis of this data with machine learning methods will make it possible to effectively assess the enterprises competitiveness and make effective management decisions that will bring the company to a high level not only in different regions, but also in the country. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to identify the main factors that have the greatest impact on the business. Such factors include, for example, the introduction electronic document management, business processes robotization using the RPA platform, or their automation using programming languages. The most popular and convenient programming languages for solving similar problems are Python, C#, PowerShell. The latter offers a good approach for communicating with Windows OS and automating system administration tasks. Among the main factors influencing competitiveness, a total of 5 most significant factors were identified for the task: the financial position of the enterprise, the image of the organization, the quality of services, the personnel qualifications level and organization’s digitalization level. Competitiveness classes are proposed to determine the enterprise competitiveness. Three classes were defined for classification: Below_Norm, Normal, Above_Norm. To solve the problem, a multilayer neural network architecture has been developed, the implementation of which is implemented in Python. The use of such a solution makes it possible to achieve an accuracy of more than 90% when solving the classification task. To confirm the neural network functionality, a method for constructing a confusion matrix has been implemented. This matrix shows the percentage of objects that are accurately classified according to the incorrectly detected. Attached are the results of the neural network when solving the problem of classifying competitiveness. According to the data obtained, it was concluded that the values fed to the input classifier may be classified inaccurately, because they are on the boundaries of the results between the observed classes. The data for training neural networks was generated randomly and had a matrix size of 30x5. Since the purpose of the work is to argue for a machine learning approach to solve determining competitiveness problem, there was no need to use real data. The k-nearest neighbors method was chosen as the classification method, since this method shows high accuracy in solving such problems.

Regulatory framework of the export potential of the Russian agricultural education system

Introduction. The relevance of the article is due to the problems of competitiveness of domestic education in the world market of educational services, including agricultural education. The article talks about the need to have a sufficient regulatory framework for its implementation and a reliable mechanism for assessing the export potential of the Russian agricultural education system. Purpose setting. The purpose of the study is to identify the regulatory framework of the strategy for the development of the national education system, taking into account the circumstances in which the country's economy found itself, sanctions from Western countries against Russia. Methodology and methods of the study. The study includes a review of bibliographic and regulatory sources on the problem of the formation and functioning of the mechanism for assessing the export potential of the Russian agricultural education system. Results. The results of the work include a description and analysis of the problems associated with the disclosure of the concepts of «educational potential of Russian universities» and «export potential of the Russian agricultural education system»; summarizing information on the regulatory framework of the Russian education system (projects, programs, strategies and initiatives) aimed at attracting foreign students to Russian universities. The idea of raising the share of non-primary exports of the Russian Federation by increasing the attractiveness of Russian education in the international educational market is revealed. The authors propose an algorithm that represents a sequence of steps in the implementation of the migration process for new entrants to Russian universities, the passage of which allows citizens of various countries to become Russian students and receive their chosen education. Conclusion. In the final part of the work, it is said that the problem of research is practice-oriented in nature, allows us to determine the organizational and pedagogical conditions for the qualitative functioning of domestic agricultural education from the perspective of international interaction of universities in the new educational space.

Revisiting the debate on the Eurozone crisis: causes, clustering periphery and core, and the role of interest rate convergence

ABSTRACT Explaining the Eurozone crisis requires explaining the origins of the external imbalances until then. The paper divides the literature arguments into three ”fundamental causes”, not mutually exclusive: a competitiveness problem, North-South flows, and excess of public and/or private spending. Within each of these causes, we find divergences between authors in the literature and identify a set of variables correlated with the accumulation of external imbalances before the crisis. These variables help to create clusters of Eurozone countries and separate core countries from the periphery. We then develop an original argument, that the convergence of nominal long-term interest rates in the periphery cluster countries, relative to the core cluster countries, between 1996 and 2007, was the trigger for the three ”fundamental causes” mentioned. We find Granger-causality between this convergence and subsequent (after four quarters) annual variations in the quarterly current account balance.

The Problems of Ensuring the Efficiency and Competitiveness of the Ukrainian Transport Industry to Meet the Modern Challenges and Threats

In Ukraine, the challenges and threats to the efficient functioning of the transportation industry are intensifying during the war and infrastructure destruction. The need for emergency repairs of the ruined infrastructure hinders the reform of the Ukrainian transportation industry. Furthermore, developing an integrated EU-oriented multimodal transportation system within the "Eastern Partnership" regional network becomes more complicated. This article aims to identify the problems of efficiency and competitiveness of the Ukrainian transportation industry in the context of integration into the Trans-European Transport Network (TEN-T) and the construction of a multimodal transportation system. The research employs a systemic analysis methodology to assess the structural indicators of Ukraine's transportation system development. The structure of Ukrainian freight transportation by mode is compared with that in EU countries to reflect differences in a modal split in the context of Ukraine's accession to TEN-T. The results demonstrate a range of problems related to the competitiveness of the Ukrainian transportation industry, which act as barriers to its integration with TEN-T. Institutional, political, and managerial-administrative problems are identified as the leading issues associated with inefficient data collection and processing, management and control functions, decision-making, communication, and interaction among governing bodies. A separate group of issues in Ukraine's transportation industry is linked to the material-technical condition of various types of transportation infrastructure, which affects service quality. Consequently, other problems arise, including the low level of development of intermodal and multimodal transport, transportation logistics, decreased efficiency in capacity utilization, insufficient level of competition in the market for transportation services, and non-compliance with European requirements for access to the transportation services market.

FEATURES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF LIGHT INDUSTRY IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES

The category of competitiveness is currently widely used and has a universal character. Solving the problem of competitiveness determines the socio-economic situation in each country. The coercive nature of competition forces producers to continuously strengthen their advantages at the risk of exiting the market, creating an incentive to increase competitiveness. At the same time, competitiveness can be considered as the main criterion for the performance of the subject. In this regard, all developed countries pay exceptionally great attention to the competitiveness of the state and individual enterprises. Light industry plays an important role in the economy of each country since it is a serious source of budgetary funds and has a significant export potential. The state of light industry affects the economic and strategic security of the country. The socio-economic significance of this industry is determined by the fact that it plays an important role in providing employment for the able-bodied population, especially women, and has an impact on people's health. Light industry products are used in all spheres of human activity and are second only to foodstuffs in terms of consumption. Because of this, light industry is designated in Kazakhstan as a priority industry. The relevance of this study is determined by the need for an in-depth study of the problems of ensuring the competitiveness of light industry enterprises and finding ways to overcome them. The goal is to adapt foreign experience in supporting light industry to the realities of Kazakhstan. The subject of the study is organizational and economic means of ensuring the competitiveness of light industry enterprises. The methodological basis was formed by theoretical concepts and practical developments of domestic and foreign authors on the issues under study.

THE ESSENCE AND CONTENT OF THE COMPETITIVENESS OF A MATHEMATICS TEACHER IN THE CONTEXT OF PORTER'S «FIVE FORCES» THEORY OF COMPETITION

Addressing the topic of competitiveness in the educational industry is due to the society needa and the New Ukrainian School for teachers with a new style of pedagogical thinking, with creative approaches to solving educational problems, adequately responding to non-standard learning situations, capable to effectively organize professional and pedagogical activities. The article purpose: to research the essence and components of mathematics teacher's competitiveness through the lens of M.Porter's «five forces» model of competition. Research methods: analysis of scientific literature, systematization (to clarify key research concepts), generalization (for the purpose of forming author's conclusions). It is substantiated that the problem of competitiveness is extremely relevant for mathematics teachers today. The results of the international PISA research, the annual reports of the independent higher education institutions in mathematics testify not only to the insufficient level of mathematical literacy of Ukrainian students, but also lead to the identification of a number of factors that cause such educational results. Among others (imperfectness of educational programs, textbooks, lack of motivation of students to study mathematics, unpreparedness of teachers and students for blended learning, insufficient level of teacher qualifications, etc.), the low level of competitiveness of domestic teachers in both the domestic and international educational space is also highlighted. Mathematics teacher competitiveness is a professionally significant quality that ensures demand in the educational market. It is characterized by the desire to compete with others and the ability to realize the pedagogical potential due to a high level of formation of general and professional competencies (mathematical, pedagogical, methodical knowledge and skills, personal traits), determined by the competitive environment. By M.Porter's «five forces» model, five components of the competitiveness of mathematics teachers are identified, which determine the formation of the following components: «Competition in the field» – mathematical knowledge, skills and abilities, personally significant traits; «Threat of new participants» – professional focus, digital literacy, multicultural competence, leadership skills; «The threat of changing services» – professional mobility, creativity, research skills, pedagogical reflection; «Suppliers» – high level of education, ability to make decisions, work in a team, continuous learning, entrepreneurship; «Buyers» – the formation of humanistic values, readiness to use productive forms and methods in working with students and parents.

Development of competitive strategies by enterprises in the globalization of market

The subject of the study is the process of formation and implementation of competitive strategies of enterprises in the conditions of globalization of markets. The purpose of the article is to study the relationship between the globalization of markets and the development of competitive strategies of enterprises, as well as to provide recommendations to enterprises on the development of effective competitive strategies that take into account global trends and the peculiarities of local markets. The methodological basis of the article can be various research approaches and methods, depending on the specific orientation. The methods of economic analysis are used, in particular, comparative analysis of various competitive strategies, SWOT analysis, Porter's analysis, and others. Also used are methods of sociological research, in particular surveys of various groups of stakeholders, or methods of practical experience, including case studies of successful enterprises and their strategies. Results of the article. It has been established that in the conditions of globalization of markets, enterprises must develop competitive strategies that take into account the trends of global market development and the peculiarities of competition in different regions of the world. The main factors influencing the development of competitive strategies of enterprises in the conditions of globalization of markets are identified, in particular: changes in the political, economic, socio-cultural and technological environment, the growth of competition, changes in consumer requirements, the strengthening of the influence of regulatory bodies, etc. The main strategies that can be applied by enterprises in the conditions of globalization of markets, such as: differentiation strategies, cost reduction strategies, focusing strategies and combined strategies, are studied. It was found that the success of the company's competitive strategy in the conditions of globalization of markets depends on several factors, in particular: choosing the right strategy, effective management of resources, adaptation to local conditions and interaction with partners. Recommendations are given on the development and implementation of competitive strategies of enterprises in the conditions of globalization of markets, in particular: analyze trends in the development of the global market. An additional result is the identification of key factors that influence the formation and implementation of competitive strategies of enterprises in the conditions of globalization of markets. This enables enterprises to more effectively adapt to changing market conditions and develop their strategies based on the analysis of these factors. Field of application of results. The recommendations for the development of competitive strategies that have been formulated can be used by enterprises of various sizes and industries that wish to compete in international markets. In particular, the research can be useful for managers who are responsible for the development of company strategies, as well as for researchers and teachers who deal with problems of competitiveness of enterprises. Conclusions. The development of competitive strategies of enterprises in the conditions of globalization of markets is an important factor in their success and preservation of competitiveness. Effective selection and implementation of strategies requires a deep analysis of external and internal environmental factors, a thorough study of the competitive field, and the use of modern strategic management tools.

Устойчиво развитие на винения туризъм: състояние и перспективи

In today's dynamically developing tourism industry, the problems of competitiveness and sustainable development of wine tourism in Bulgaria are established as key factors for achieving economic growth. The current state and trends for sustainable development of wine tourism are considered as an essential condition for increasing the competitiveness of Bulgarian tourism and overcoming the existing structural imbalances.

ИНСТРУМЕНТАРИЙ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ КОНКУРЕНТОСПОСОБНОСТИ БИЗНЕС-СТРУКТУР

Based on the results of a scientific study, a toolkit was developed to ensure the competitiveness of a business structure in the author's vision in the furniture industry. In today's market conditions, business structures cannot maintain their market positions and their market share, therefore, maintaining at a high level of competitiveness is very important. Competition forces business structures to enhance product quality, reduce production costs, and increase labor productivity. Therefore, business structures in the furniture industry need to study the influence of various factors on the competitiveness of business structures, direct their efforts towards a digital path of development, using results of an in-depth scientific study of the problems of competitiveness of business structures and using economic and mathematical tools to ensure their competitiveness. That is why, as a result of analyzing a variety of methods for increasing the competitiveness of a business structure, the authors proposed a formed toolkit for ensuring the competitiveness of a business structure in the furniture market, including a set of tools, methods, models and development forecasts. Ensuring the competitiveness of business structures in the furniture market is based on a detailed analysis of the activities of competitive firms, an objective assessment of the competitiveness of a business structure in a competitive market. In the process of research, methods of structural and functional analysis, graphical and mathematical methods were used.

Study on the Growth Potential of Beijing's Service Trade Export

In 2020, the comprehensive pilot project of expanding the opening-up of Beijing's service industry has entered a new stage of comprehensive upgrading. It is of great practical significance to study the growth potential source of Beijing's service trade export. Based on the data of 2012-2018 Beijing service export volume and the national service export volume of 2012-2018, this paper uses the Dynamic shift - share model to analyze the dynamic evolution of the export structure and competitiveness of Beijing service trade. The study shows that the overall growth rate of Beijing's service export lags behind the national standard level. All the traditional service export departments have competitive disadvantages and their competitiveness is declining year by year. Among the modern service export departments, financial and insurance service exports have gradually shown competitive advantages since Beijing became the comprehensive pilot to expand the opening up of the service industry in 2015, but other modern service export departments still face the problem of insufficient competitiveness. According to the study, Beijing should promote the digital transformation and upgrading of the traditional service export sector, steadily promote the development of financial service trade, and enhance its professional export capacity.

Re-analysis of the EU public debt crises with NARX

Purpose- This paper employs the public debt equation of motion, which covers variables that represent a country's competitiveness, such as past public debt, GDP, external balance, real exchange rate, real interest, and inflation, to estimate the public debt of Southern EU countries (Greece, Ireland, Italy, Portugal, and Spain). The paper is designed to test whether the public debt equation of motion (see Croce and Ramon, 2003; IMF, 2013; Chirwa and Odhiambo, 2018), which is characterized by significant variables representing competitiveness in macroeconomics, can statistically account for the public debt of Southern EU countries after the monetary union period including the EU public debt crisis. Consequently, based on the findings, it will be determined whether the competitiveness problems of Southern EU countries are important in the EU public debt crisis. Methodology- The analysis is performed with the nonlinear autoregressive network with exogenous inputs (NARX) with quarterly data for the period from 2005Q1 to 2021Q4. In NARX, which is a dynamic non-parametric neural network used in time series analysis, the prediction performance of the model is more robust than other neural network models, as the gradient descent approaches the local minimum perfectly (see Lin et al., 1996; Gao and Er, 2005; Diaconescu, 2008). However, it is important to define the parameters correctly in NARX to obtain effective results. In the study, parameters are defined according to the minimum Mean Squared Error values. The feedback Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) algorithm, which produces fast and effective results, is used as the training algorithm. The performance of the training algorithm for robustness is compared with testing and validation. Findings- The analysis results reveal that public debt in Southern EU countries is statistically explained by the public debt equation of motion with a confidence ratio of over 95%. Conclusion- This result implies that the public debt problem in Southern EU countries is associated with their competitiveness (see also Hall and Soskice, 2001; Dallago and Guglielmetti, 2011; Hall, 2012; Lane, 2012; Gros, 2012; Iversen et al., 2016; De Ville and Vermeiven, 2016; Frieden and Walter, 2017). In addition, the analysis goes beyond parametric analyzes that relate economic growth or a few variables with public debt and reveals the importance of inclusive variables and non-parametric analyzes in the estimation of public debt. Keywords: EU public debt crises, Southern EU countries, NARX, competitiveness problems JEL Codes: C45, F35, F45, N14, N24

THE PLACE OF TOURISM IN THE MODERN STATE-BUILDING OF AZERBAIJAN

This article examines the place and importance of tourism in the modern state building of Azerbaijan. It is analyzed how Azerbaijan contributes to the socio-economic development of the country with its rich and diverse tourism opportunities, state programs and international cooperation. The article also talks about the problems faced by the country in the field of tourism and the measures to be taken to eliminate them. Azerbaijan implements state programs and international cooperation for the development of the tourism sector. With this, the country increases the contribution of tourism to socio-economic development and places tourism as a strategic field in the modern state structure. The article also talks about the problems faced by the country in the field of tourism and the measures to be taken to eliminate them. The article analyzes the tourism potential of Azerbaijan and the role of tourism in modern state building and offers suggestions in this field. Purpose: To introduce the tourism potential of Azerbaijan and the contributions of tourism to the socio-economic development of the country, to analyze the types of tourism and their characteristics, advantages and difficulties, to summarize the achievements and shortcomings of the tourism sector and how to better integrate and develop tourism into the modern state structure.make suggestions. Methodology: This article uses the descriptive analysis method, which is one of the qualitative research methods. A descriptive analysis method is a method that aims to describe and interpret a topic or event as it is. In addition, the descriptive analysis method was used to investigate the place and importance of tourism in the modern state structure of Azerbaijan. The result of the research: The article presents the tourism potential of Azerbaijan, types of tourism, achievements and shortcomings in the tourism sector, the role of tourism in the modernstate structure, and proposals related to the development of tourism. As a result of the article, the following results were obtained: • Azerbaijan has great potential in the tourism sector with many factors such as untouched nature, mineral water resources, naphthalene, rare ancient architectural monuments, unique culture and national cuisine. • Azerbaijan offers favorable conditions for the development of all types of tourism – business, sports, medical, dating, hunting, exotic, beach and gastronomic tourism. • State programs and international cooperation are implemented for the development of the tourism sector in Azerbaijan. With this, the country increases the contribution of tourism to socioeconomic development and places tourism as a strategic field in the modern state structure. • Although Azerbaijan is successful in the tourism sector, it also faces certain difficulties. These include lack of infrastructure, lack of qualified human resources, inadequacy of promotional activities, low competitiveness and environmental problems. • The following proposals can be put forward for the further development of Azerbaijan’s tourism sector: increasing infrastructure investments, improving tourism education, diversifying and activating promotional activities, providing innovative and quality services to increase competitiveness, operating in accordance with the principle of environmental sustainability.

Formation of a competitive profile of domestic companies in the global business environment

The article examines the key aspects of the process of Ukrainian companies entering the global market: prerequisites and factors influencing the international development of companies during expansion and establishment in the context of modern competitive relations; forms of business and enterprise development. A brief structural analysis of the main development strategies of companies in the conditions of entering the markets of other countries is carried out, examples of the strategies of international development of large domestic companies, international cooperation and the construction of successful enterprises are given. The main trends of the entry of domestic companies into the international business environment are highlighted and the features of competitive opportunities of Ukrainian enterprises are revealed, the problems of competitiveness of Ukrainian companies in the international business arena are analyzed. It is analyzed how global economic processes affect the international division of production factors and the territorial location of productive forces. International competition, globalization of markets, large-scale penetration of foreign goods into the Ukrainian market transfer the problem of managing the competitiveness of the enterprise to the number of priority management tasks, the successful solution of which will ensure the survival and development of enterprises in the new environment. The globalization of the world economy opens up unprecedented opportunities for the development of international business, the characteristic features of which are: accessibility and generality, gradual development, the possibility of carrying out activities in real time, covering all markets of goods and services with the help of telecommunications. The importance and value of business for the world economy is determined by maintaining a competitive market environment, which is a key function at all stages of the development of the world economy. Modern competition is the competition of new companies in terms of strategy, production organization and business culture. The key factors of the successful development of domestic and international companies, such as investment attraction, the use of scientific and innovative developments, and the use of organizational and management experience, were studied.

ПІДВИЩЕННЯ КОНКУРЕНТОСПРОМОЖНОСТІ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ В УМОВАХ ЦИФРОВІЗАЦІЇ

The problem of competitiveness of firms, industries, and countries is one of the most urgent and dynamic in the world economy. This is explained by the fact that its analysis is influenced by many factors, but first of all the change in the rates of economic growth of countries, the level of unemployment, the place of a country or firm (enterprise, organization) in the world economy, etc. The significance of this problem is especially growing in the conditions of growing global economic competition for the right of each country to occupy a worthy place in the system of the world economy. The transition of the modern economy to a qualitatively new level involves the creation of innovative industries, technologically developed business, a change in the institutional conditions of the functioning of economic entities, improvement of the living environment, an increase in labor productivity, and, finally, the transformation of the chains of creation by enterprises. The practice of recent decades shows that concepts of competitiveness can differ significantly depending on the technological structure, which is based on the level of development of productive forces. In the process of digital transformation, enterprises are transformed into organizations with digital thinking. The product moving to the market becomes digital. The quality of the products and services provided is achieved through personalization, individualization, improved functionality, system integration of transport and logistics activity, current revenue models, modern design, application development. The competitiveness of the enterprise can be defined as the ability of the enterprise to better provide the supply of goods or services, compared to competitors, by providing goods or services with differentiated properties while complying with quality standards. Digitization makes it possible to find partners anywhere on the planet, to effectively build commodity and money chains, and to conduct profitable foreign economic activities. Strengthening the competitiveness of the enterprise will depend on how quickly and effectively digital solutions will be implemented in business, since digital technologies have become the driving force of the socio-economic development of many countries of the world, determining the basis of sustainable development in the future.