Problems Of Tourism Development Research Articles

TINJAUAN GEOGRAFI FISIK UNTUK PENGEMBANGAN PARIWISATA PADA STUDI KASUS KOTA BANDUNG JAWA BARAT DAN KABUPATEN TULANG BAWANG LAMPUNG

Various tourism development problems that arise cannot be separated from physical geography factors so that it becomes important to plan regions and cities by taking this into account in order to prepare for the future of life on earth. Survival does not only depend on the availability of water and food, but also depends on factors that can reduce the carrying capacity of land such as pollution and environmental damage. The main objective of this research is to plan tourism through reviewing aspects of physical geography plus human influence on the natural environment. The evaluations carried out included physical conditions, physical potential and inhibiting and supporting factors. This research took the location of case studies in two different regions, namely in Bandung City, West Java and Tulang Bawang Regency, Lampung. The method used in this research is literature review from various sources of information and data. The results obtained from the studies that have been carried out are that the two case study locations have differences that are not too big but on the contrary, they have many similarities, especially in terms of regional potential so that the conclusion that can be drawn is that the two areas are feasible to be developed into tourism objects or areas that have potential. to attract tourists to come visit.

Перспективы арктического туризма в России в современных условиях

Arctic tourism is an important mechanism for sustainable development of territories in the Far North. Russia has developed strategies for the development of Arctic tourism, which is one of the areas of international cooperation. However, the complicated relations of Russia on the international stage have endangered further successful development of tourism in the Arctic. Numerous problems of tourism development in underdeveloped territories are exacerbated by new obstacles that have caused changes in the tourism services market. The article analyzes the problems of Arctic tourism development in Russia in the context of a difficult geopolitical situation that emerged in 2022. We have identified priority issues hindering the development of Arctic tourism and predicted which of them will be the most relevant at the present stage. Based on this, possible directions for planning Arctic tourism in Russia in the regional context were proposed. In order to identify problems and justify the prospects for overcoming them, we conducted a content analysis of the reviews of tourists who visited the main tourist destinations in the Russian Arctic, and made a SWOT analysis of Arctic tourism logistics. As a result, we found that the main problem for the development of tourism in the Arctic will be the deterioration of transport accessibility due to difficulties in organizing air travel, especially in regions that do not have land-based communications with places where tourist interest is formed. Therefore, the focus in planning the development of Arctic tourism should now be given to the regions of the European sector of the Russian Arctic, the most accessible and popular among tourists.

Community-based tourism issues in Pujon Kidul Tourism Village, Pujon Sub-district, Malang Regency

Tourism sector nowadays is one of sector that contributed to Indonesian economy. One of effort to ensure that people can get economic benefit from tourism sector are development of tourism villages. Tourism village can be defined as forms of accommodation, attractions and supporting facilities that are integrated with the life, traditions and local wisdom of rural communities. The development of rural tourism is a form of community-based tourism. Community-based tourism is a platform for local communities to gain economic benefits by offering tourism products that include local people's lives, culture and natural resources. One of village that success on managed their tourism sector is Pujon Kidul Tourism Village that located in Pujon District, Malang Regency, East Java Province. But nowadays, Pujon Kidul Tourism Village threatened decline of competitiveness caused by decline of tourist visits and lack quality of human resources. This research aim to identify problems in the development of community-based tourism in the Pujon Kidul Tourism Village along with their root causes by using fishbone analysis and Miles Huberman interactive model. The results of the research show that the main problem of tourism development in Pujon Kidul Village is the decline in competitiveness. The decline in competitiveness is caused by the post-pandemic of COVID-19 visit rate not yet recovering and the low quality of human resources.

Pengembangan Potensi Pariwisata Desa Pengkol

Tourism is one of the leading sectors in several regions that potentially increase the regional income and open up business opportunities for the surrounding community. As a local and foreign tourist destination, the Special Region of Yogyakarta has many unique tourist attractions that are the main tourists’ attraction. Pengkol Village which is located in Patuk District, Gunungkidul Regency, the Special Region of Yogyakarta has some potential tourist destinations. Through the Kuliah Kerja Nyata which was took place in Pengkol Village, authors proposes to develop the tourism potential of Mount Keruk, Mount Genter and cultural art tourism in Pengkol Village. This tourism development proposal is based on the literature review and secondary data related to the Pengkol Village’s potential, identification of problems, data analysis that narrows to solving tourism development problems. Some of the solutions offered to increase tourist visits are the addition of supporting facilities to increase comfort for the visitors and hold cultural arts performances at tourist sites.

DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN THE FIELD OF GREEN TOURISM

The problem of tourism development in Ukraine is becoming a problem along with raising the standard of living of the rural population. Rural green tourism involves the development of entrepreneurial activities in this field and provides an opportunity for local residents to improve their well-being. The study of prospects for the development of green tourism is relevant today. This article analyzes and substantiates the development of tourism business in Ukraine as a priority component of the state's economic development, highlights the state and prospects of entrepreneurial activity in the countryside, gives recommendations on the prospects for the development of entrepreneurship in the field of green tourism. In the post-war period, the state should resume support for the tourism industry in the development of green tourism. Unfortunately, now we can talk about the central and western parts of Ukraine. Country estates will play their mission to the full extent for a long time to come. And this type of entrepreneurial activity will have many functions, such as recreational, medical, or perhaps there will be a need in the market to provide new services that have not yet been in demand. So, having analyzed the state and prospects for the development of the hospitality industry in Ukraine, namely green tourism, it is worth noting that this direction of activity in the countryside has many positive aspects, starting from the solution of socio-economic problems in rural areas and ending with issues of the development of the state economy.

PROBLEMS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF HOSPITALITY ENTERPRISES IN THE 21ST CENTURY

Purpose. The aim of the article is to determination of the main problematic aspects of the development of hospitality enterprises in the 21st century by the main spheres of influence. Methodology of research. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research is the fundamental provisions of modern economic theory, the scientific works of leading scientists in the field of hospitality. The following methods were used to achieve the goal: monographic, systematization, description – to identify and characterize approaches to defining the problems of tourism development in the 21st century; abstract and logical – for expressing one's own assumptions and forming conclusions. Findings. The article summarizes the main problematic aspects of the development of hospitality enterprises in the 21st century by the main spheres of influence. It has been determined what these are, in particular: social and economic problems related to the development of society, its values, transformations of economic relations, the impact of economic crises, etc.; the problem of dependence on transport and mobility of tourists; infrastructure problems; problems of technological support (at the level of digitalization of processes and the level of knowledge and skills of personnel regarding the use of information and communication technologies). It has been proven that social and economic problems are related to barriers to sustainable development in terms of three main components, in particular: social norms, a certain structure of values and the distribution of resources. It was established that the problems of suspension of transport, deterioration of transport connections, which countries face during viruses, economic crises, wars, strikes, political crises cause a reduction in the level of mobility of tourists, which, in turn, is a prerequisite for problems of tourist service at the level of hospitality enterprises . It was determined that problems with transport, in particular, aviation, represent a special threat for enterprises in the field of hospitality focused on international tourist flows. It is noted that transport problems are more characteristic of developing countries. It is indicated that if this issue is resolved, most countries will be able to become attractive for the growth of investments and the development of the hospitality sector. It was noted that the solution to the problems of infrastructural provision involves the creation of an infrastructure that includes both objects of the restaurant, hotel, tourist, excursion sectors, as well as objects of information and communication technologies (broadband and mobile Internet), transport infrastructure, medical infrastructure (although b first medical aid services), other additional infrastructure, the functioning of which can act as an additional factor in increasing the interest of tourists, etc. It was determined that in order to solve the problems of technological support, it is necessary to: create attractive financial and credit conditions that will enable the purchase of the latest digital technologies; increasing the level of readiness of personnel to improve digital skills and knowledge. Originality. Approaches to the identification of problems of the development of hospitality enterprises were systematized, which made it possible to substantiate the direction of their influence on the activities of enterprises and the possibilities of solutions. Practical value. Systematized approaches serve as a scientific basis for determining ways to solve the problems of development of hospitality enterprises in developed and developing countries. Key words: the field of hospitality, digitalization, social and economic problems, the problem of dependence on transport and mobility of tourists, infrastructure problems, problems of technological support, personnel skills, information and communication technologies.

Improvement of residents’ happiness index in tourism destinations based on guiding significance and tourism development

ABSTRACT Tourism has been widely recognized as a powerful tool for economic growth in rural communities around the world. The growth of rural tourism has always been a significant start in targeting poverty alleviation and promoting economic change in rural China. Rural tourism development is the participation of rural people in tourism and full integration into tourism development. Rural tourism development depends on the participation and support of rural residents. Therefore, this research explores the influencing factors of rural tourism residents’ happiness and their influence on tourism support. The sample was selected from Anren Town, Chengdu City, China, and the research subjects were residents of Anren Town. In this study, data were collected from 370 residents of Anren Town via a questionnaire survey. The results show that Community Involvement (CI) and Community Attachment (CA) positively affect residents’ Authentic Happiness (AH). This research found that improving residents’ support for tourism development can promote the development of rural tourism. The study finding provides a new perspective for the treatment of residents’ problems in tourism development and has guiding significance for the improvement of residents’ happiness index in tourism destinations. If the community is better, the happiness of the residents will be stronger.

Stakeholder Collaboration in Developing Sustainable Ecotourism in Badung

The main challenge in developing sustainable ecotourism in Indonesia is to maintain a balance of economic, socio-cultural, and environmental development. The emergence of problems in tourism development is due to the direction of policies that prioritize the economic aspect so that it has an impact on the destruction of environmental ecosystems and the erosion of local wisdom and culture. This study aims to assess stakeholder collaboration in developing sustainable ecotourism in Badung Regency, Bali Province. The research approach used is a qualitative and exploratory research design where the data are sourced from in-depth interviews, FGDs, and secondary data. The research paradigm adheres to a constructivist view, data analysis is inductive. The findings of this study indicate that there are initiatives from the government to support the private sector, the community, and environmental conservation although it is not yet optimal. The varied types of relationships among stakeholders still leave a lack of understanding in building mutual trust and interdependence. For this reason, it is necessary for the commitment of stakeholders, especially the government in the form of providing financial, coaching, and administrative support so that cooperation continues to be strengthened so that it can gradually improve collaboration and reduce community dependence on the government and encourage business independence without neglecting socio-cultural interests and environmental preservation. Further studies are needed to understand strategies that can drive appropriate initiatives that impact stakeholder understanding, mutual trust, and self-reliance of the private sector and local communities to develop sustainable ecotourism.
 Keywords: collaboration, stakeholder, sustainable ecotourism

Стратегическое планирование развития рекреационно-туристической сферы Пермского края в условиях ограничений

Development of the tourist and recreational sphere of the country’s regions is one of the points of economic recovery in the post-pandemic period, the importance of which is increasing in terms of stimulating domestic tourism in the country. Perm Krai has the necessary potential to increase its competitive advantages as a center of tourist and recreational services among the regions of the Volga Federal District, since it is consistently among the top three regions in terms of financial and economic indicators of sanatorium treatment. According to expert estimates, this direction will recover at more quickly accompanied by state support measures. However, with the continuing risks of restrictions the need for strategic planning of this activity increases significantly. The article presents the competitive advantages of tourist and recreational industry of Perm Krai. The study used general logical research methods, system and situational approaches, simulation of economic processes. The analysis of the problems of tourism development of Perm Krai is carried out, the limitations and promising directions of its further growth are determined. A model of tasks and solutions for the development of promising tourist territories is presented, which allows to situationally assess the state of tourism in the region, the dynamics and results of its development, as well as make changes to market regulation, if necessary. Further development of scientific research in this area should be associated with the adjustment of existing tools and mechanisms at the regional level to situational problems of the functioning of tourist and recreational industry of Perm Krai. The formation of a cluster framework of territories should be organically combined with support measures in conditions of restrictions, which may subsidies and compensation for labor costs, preferential loans, tax holidays.

ASSESSMENT OF TOURIST POTENTIAL OF SKOLIV TERRITORIAL COMMUNITY OF LVIV REGION

The article investigates the tourist potential of the Skoliv territorial community of the Lviv region. It has been established that the main historical and cultural objects located in the study area are churches, monuments, palace, fortress. The natural resource potential is rich, represented by mountains (Parashka, Lopata, Kudryavets, Klyuch), rocks (in the village of Yamelnytsia, Uritsky rocks), rivers (Opir, Stryi and others), waterfalls (Kamianetskyi, Hurkalo, Sopit), lake (Zhuravlyne). The Skole Beskydy National Nature Park is located on the territory of the community, within which tourist routes and ecological trails are laid. It is investigated that the main types of tourist and recreational activities are ecological tourism, cultural and cognitive, mountain. It was found that the main problems of tourism development of the territory are: unsatisfactory condition of tourist facilities; unsatisfactory infrastructure; lack of information and marketing support for the promotion of tourist opportunities in the region; insufficient provision of professional staff in the field of tourism. The directions of increase of tourist attraction of Skoliv community of Stryj district are offered, namely: activization of advertising; organization of festivals, creation of new tourist routes; preservation, restoration of cultural and natural monuments; state support for the development of rural tourism; formation of clusters; improvement of tourist infrastructure; raising the professional level of tourism and recreation workers. The development of tourism is especially important for the Skoliv Territorial Community, as it contributes to the creation of new jobs, attracting local people to the tourism process, intensifying business activities in the region, preserving and promoting the historical and cultural potential of the territory. Tourism must be developed on the basis of sustainable development.

REGIONAL TOURISM CLUSTERS SUSTAINABILITY MODELING TAKING INTO ACCOUNT SOCIOCULTURAL FACTORS

In studies devoted to the problem of tourism development in the host regions (destinations), the economic component is always taken into account, sometimes the environmental component, and almost never the sociocultural component is taken into account. However, today the problem of organizing investment in the tourism business, taking into account the environmental and cultural impact, is becoming more and more urgent. It causes a great practical need for conducting research on the investment process in the tourism business and theoretical justification of the choice of areas of investment activity activation in compliance with the criteria of economic efficiency, sociocultural sustainability and environmental safety. In the course of writing the article, the authors set a goal to demonstrate the possibilities of taking into account cultural factors in the process of modeling the socioeconomic sustainability of regional tourist clusters based on qualitative methods. Qualitative methods were chosen as the methodological basis for modeling, which allow us to systematize and formalize the main patterns of development and identify the vector of the most effective use of available resources. The formation of models describing the economic, environmental and sociocultural sustainability of the destination, which allow identifying key factors of sustainable development, can help ensure a long-term positive effect from the development of tourism in the region. The results of this study have theoretical and practical significance. They can be used as a basis for further scientific research and can also be used in the practical activities of tourism business entities, as well as state and local authorities and other stakeholders in the process of analytical justification of investment activities implemented on the basis of the principles of sustainable development.

ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РАЗВИТИЯ ТУРИЗМА В РЕГИОНАХ РОССИИ НА ПРИМЕРЕ СЕВЕРНОЙ ОСЕТИИ

The problem of tourism development in the Russian Federation has recently been gaining popularity, as it is difficult for citizens to enter other states. The development of domestic tourism will increase the revenue part of the state budget of the Russian Federation, increase the level of the country's economic condition, bring regions closer together and revive remote areas of Russia. This article will help to determine the possibilities of tourism development in the country on the example of North Ossetia and identify the potential of the republic.

ПРОБЛЕМЫ РАЗВИТИЯ ТУРИЗМА В РЕГИОНЕ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ РЕСПУБЛИКИ СЕВЕРНОЙ ОСЕТИИ – АЛАНИИ)

The article discusses the tourism potential of the Republic of North Ossetia – Alania. Despite all the possibilities of modernizing the tourism sector, in practice they are just beginning to take steps towards the development of this industry. The main characteristics of recreational infrastructure, strengths and problems of tourism development in the republic are given.

ТЕРРИТОРИЯ ГОРНОГО АЛТАЯ: ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ И АНАЛИЗ ПРИРОДНО- РЕКРЕАЦИОННОГО ПОТЕНЦИАЛА

The attractiveness of the Gorny Altai territory for the development of tourism is due to the presence of rich natural resources, a developed system of recreational and health-improving programs, interesting mountain reliefs and the beauty of the region. The intensity of tourism development and the high multiplier effect of income and employment become the basis for presenting tourism as the basis for sustainable development of entire territories, which is impossible without sustainable management of the recreational nature. In this regard, research and analysis of the natural and recreational potential of the territory of mountainous Altai are of particular importance. The purpose of the study is to determine the recreational and functional zones of the Altai Territory and the main directions of their further development, taking into account the peculiarities of the geographical location and climatic factors of the Altai Mountains for the sustainable development of this territory as a resort and recreational zone. Materials and research methods. The research methodology is based on fundamental works on the management of sustainable development of recreational areas, as well as on the works of modern domestic and foreign scientists studying the problems of tourism development in the regions of Russia and in the world. In the course of the research, general scientific methods and approaches were applied: abstraction, analysis and synthesis, logical method; systems approach. Research results and discussion. For the effective and sustainable development of the tourist areas of Altai Mountains, it is necessary to adhere to the following principles: consistency, territoriality and management. Taking into account the specifics of the Altai mountainous territory, the principle of consistency includes the following measures: opening of platforms for monitoring and control of the natural environment; determination of the optimal recreational load; an inventory of unique natural monuments and cultural and historical monuments of the region; execution of documents containing a complete list of tourist resources and organizations of the regions. The principle of management, taking into account the specifics of the territory, includes: the zoning method, with the help of which the composition of environmental, recreational, economic zones, their boundaries, and regimes is determined; joint activities with adjacent specially protected natural areas. The principle of territoriality, taking into account the specifics of the territory, is based on the implementation of the diversification of the tourist product in the territory, which is one of the effective directions for the sustainable development of the territory. The strategically priority directions of the long-term socio-economic development of Altai are the development of tourism and the health resort complex. Conclusion. The successful development of recreational and functional zones of the Altai Territory largely depends on the interaction and support of the state, tourist organizations, international conventions, and scientific communities.

DESIGN OF THE TOURIST INFRASTRUCTURE OF THE CITY APPLICATION. PROBLEMS OF LEISURE PLANNING

The article considers the current problem of tourism development in Ukraine and in a particular city Kharkiv. This problem is especially relevant today, due to the spread of COVID-19 pandemic. Nowadays, in order to correct the situation in this sector of the economy, it is advisable to use specialized information support. There are many different resources on the Internet, with which one can get help or mark out a route, depending on the selected points of interest. Some of them specialize in working with the map, in particular in marking out routes, finding and displaying places of tourist infrastructure on the map. Others display information about events taking place in these places without cartographic reference. But each of these resources has only a part of the needs of a tourist or resident who wants to plan their leisure time. The proposed application will fill all the flaws of existing resources. It will meet the needs of navigation, information and planning functions. In other words this application will be the first application that combines the functions of finding and providing information about places of tourist attraction, marking out routes between them and creating an optimal plan for visiting them. The geographic information system ArcGIS was chosen to solve this problem. It contains the necessary modules for working with vectorized maps, layers and provides programming. An intuitive application interface was created using VBA. It contains the necessary forms for routing between points of interest and time planning. The article demonstrated the capabilities of geographic information systems in tourism business sphere It demonstrated a solution that allows with maximum convenience and minimum time not only to obtain the necessary information, but also to plan their leisure. It will help even during lockdowns and other anti-epidemic measures to prevent decline of tourist infrastructure.

Sustainable Development of Tourism under the Background of Low-Carbon and Green Economy

The development of tourism industry not only promotes social and economic progress and the improvement of people’s happiness index but also causes resource damage and environmental pollution, which not only affects our living environment but also directly threatens the survival and development of mankind. Therefore, how tourism will develop in the context of low-carbon green economy has become the main problem of tourism development. Based on the above background, in order to solve the development problem of tourism in the future under the low-carbon green economy, based on the research results at home and abroad, starting from the starting point of sustainable development of tourism, this paper introduces the concept of “tourism consumption separation rate” and uses Kaya traditional accounting method. The structural decomposition analysis method and cointegration relationship test method are used to calculate, analyze, and test the tourism carbon emissions and influencing factors at the overall level of China and the middle, western, and eastern regions. Through this method, the accuracy of the calculation results is improved by 30%, which increases the accuracy of the experimental data and is more practical.

Impact of Domestic Tourism on Attracting Investment: Organizing and Regulating of Tourism Activities by Municipal Authorities

The article deals with the experience of tourism management at the level of municipal districts. Currently, the tourism industry is going through hard times due to the general economic decline and travel restrictions imposed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of the article is to define the most promising routes for cooperation between local authorities and business to support tourism in modern conditions. Although the possibilities and mechanisms of tourism development in cities and towns largely depend on the national tourism management model best global practices indicate the importance of the coordinating function fulfilled by the local authorities. To successfully solve the key problems of tourism development at the regional and local levels, one must organize the cooperation of the key interested parties: tourists, small and large businesses, local communities, and authorities. Special consideration is given to attracting outside investment to the tourism industry within the framework of public-private partnerships. The main conclusions are made based on the analysis of statistical data and the current trends of development of the domestic and foreign situation. The authors conclude that only domestic tourism can be promising under the present conditions. The problems are defined and recommendations are given for the improvement of the tourism industry in Russia. The practical significance of the study consists in systematization and actualization of theoretical approaches to analyzing the possible routes for recovering and further developing the tourism industry in the Russian Federation.

CHERNOBYL EXCLUSION ZONE AS A UNIQUE TOURIST DESTINATION

The publication highlights the features of the Chernobyl tourism product. The most attractive objects in the exclusion zone are characterized and singled out, which include: Pripyat; Chernobyl observation deck and sarcophagus; secret radar station "Duga" (Chernobyl-2); red forest; kindergarten in Kopachi; cooling tower; abandoned cargo port.
 It have been found that the release of a number of documentaries and the HBO series "Chernobyl", numerous computer games, including STALKER and Isotopium, simplification of the visit to the zone are main factors that influencing the development of tourism in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone. It is established that the number of visitors to the "exclusion zone" of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant for the period from 2015 to 2019 has been increased extremely rapidly. If we compare the flow of visitors from 2015 to 2019, we can see an increase from 8 to 124 thousands. It has been discovered that in 2019, 80% of tourists were foreigners. It has been investigated that in 2020 there was a decrease in the flow of tourists, which was caused by the Covid-19 pandemic.
 It is estimated that the volume of services provided by tour operators made on the basis of the cost of Chernobyl Tour services in 2019 amounted to approximately 11 million USD. This, in turn, confirms the popularity of this tourist destination, both among domestic and foreign tourists and thus brings good profits.
 Current tourist and excursion routes have been considered. Chernobyl routes are usually standard. Tourists usually get from the checkpoint to Chernobyl, then the nuclear power plant, Pripyat, one of the villages where the natives returned, dinner in Chernobyl and return to Kiev. Currently, 22 routes are officially registered, including five water, three air, one bicycle and 13 bus routes. An author’s tourist route to the art objects of Pripyat has been developed, where you can simultaneously see and feel the atmosphere of the Soviet times, the impact and consequences of the man-made catastrophe and make content against the breathtaking graffiti.
 Research has been conducted in the form of a survey of potential tourists to establish a portrait of the consumer of this tourist product. 178 people took part in this survey, including 117 (65,7%) women and 61 (34,3%) men. According to the results of the survey, it can be concluded that tours to the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone are interesting mostly for young people and adults aged 19 to 35, who have an average monthly income from 5 to 15 thousand UAH.
 The main problems of tourism development of the study have been considered. Among the most sufficient finding for the development is not only tourism, but also the area as a whole. Under tourist developed infrastructure and unsatisfactory of security services organization, which causes illegal entry into the exclusion zone of stackers. Another problem in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone is forest fires, which causes huge damage, including tourism. As a result of the 2020 fires, the territories of the former villages of Leliv, Kopachi, Poliske, Grezlya, Rudnya-Grezlyanska, Kovshylivka, Varovychi, Buda-Varovychi, Martynovychi, Smaragdovy, Volkhov, Chistogalivka burned down, the territory of the Red Forest burned down, the pioneer camp "Kazovekovy" Chernobyl-2, the city of Chernobyl has been affected. As a result, a unique objects on tourist routes has been lost.
 Among the prospects for the development of tourism in the Chernobyl zone can be noted the introduction and improvement water and air routes, the creation of various quests, arrangement of places for sport fishing and photo hunting. Good prospects for the tourism development in the exclusion zone will have the following types of tourism: extreme, scientific, environmental, nostalgic, industrial, nuclear or dark. Effective use of tourism potential is one of them aim prior the development of the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone.
 Keywords: tourism, Chernobyl Exclusion Zone, attractiveness, tourist resources.

The Crisis in Russian Tourism: Problems and Solutions

Aim. The presented study aims to analyze the current state of the Russian tourism industry in times of crisis.Tasks. The author identifies systemic contradictions in the development of Russian tourism; determines factors affecting the tourism sector; formulates the problems of tourism development during the crisis; proposes ways out of the crisis for Russian tourism.Methods. Over the course of the study, the author uses general scientific methods of cognition, such as comparison, deduction and induction, analysis, generalization and systematization.Results. The identified systemic contradictions in the development of Russian tourism and factors affecting the development of tourism in the Russian Federation allow the author to formulate the problems hindering the development of Russian tourism, such as underdeveloped infrastructure, lack of consideration for the environmental burden on tourist attractions, low innovative activity in the tourism sector, low recognition of Russian tourist brands in foreign markets and domestically, inefficient tourism management system at the national and municipal level, poor training of personnel in the field of tourism, lack of social tourism, insufficient government support under crisis conditions. That said, the solution to each problem is of nationwide significance.Conclusions. Today, Russia has great potential for the development of both domestic and inbound tourism. However, the reality of the economy and international relations, especially during a crisis, leads to Russia’s tourist potential being largely unfulfilled amid strong competition from the foreign tourism market. The proposed solutions to the problems of domestic tourism outlined in the study make it possible to facilitate the development of the tourism sector and enhance competitive potential.

The market of tourist services in the republic of Kazakhstan and its development prospects

The purpose of the work is to study the natural resources and potential for the development of tourism in the Republic of Kazakhstan , to analyze the potential of this industry and to determine the prerequisites for the development of the tourism market in the country. Objectives of the work - a detailed description of the theoretical aspects of tourism, the history of its development, analysis of the tourism market, analysis of the development of tourism in the region, identification of problems in tourism development, search for solutions, focus on prospects for active tourism in the region. Methods: the work uses the views of the authors in the field of economics, tourism, systems analysis, methods of statistical analysis. The essence of the work is the basis for the formation and controversy of tourist clusters in Kazakhstan. The scientific result of the work is that special state courses on tourism development in Kazakhstan will be needed for training and preparation of qualified specialists, as well as for the development of regional tourism strategies and investment in tourism.