Problems In School-aged Children Research Articles

Voice Disorder Prevalence and Vocal Health Characteristics in Children

Voice disorders impede communication and limit quality of life for many children. However, research demonstrating the prevalence of pediatric voice problems and associated voice use patterns is scarce. This investigation examined the prevalence of voice problems and vocal health characteristics of school-aged children. To examine the prevalence of voice problems in school-aged children throughout the US with reference to lifestyle, demographic characteristics, and voice use patterns. This study used a cross-sectional design to survey a probability sample of caregivers of children aged 4 to 12 years living throughout the US in 2023. Caregivers were surveyed regarding their children's voice use, voice symptoms, voice problems, extracurricular activities, and demographic information. Caregivers also competed the Pediatric Voice-Related Quality of Life questionnaire. The Fisher exact test, χ2 tests, and logistic regression were used to compare children with and without voice problems. Overall, 6293 panelists were invited to complete screening questions for the survey, and 1789 individuals were screened for eligibility between March and April 2023. Of these, 1175 parents (65.7%) completed the survey. Twenty-one (1.8%) were excluded for a combination of either high refusal rates (n = 16), speeding (n = 2), or straight lining (n = 12). The final number of participants included in analysis was 1154 caregivers of children aged 4 to 12 years (559 female children [48.4%]; 595 male children [51.6%]; mean [SD] age, 8.02 [2.49] years). The prevalence of voice problems in children was 6.7% (n = 78), and the lifetime prevalence was 12% (n = 138). Benign vocal fold lesions was the most common diagnosis underlying voice complaints, and other causes included respiratory illness, allergies, autism-related voice issues, and other neurological conditions. Risk factors for pediatric voice problems included being male (odds ratio [OR], 1.47; 95% CI, 1.0-2.1), having more than 4 individuals living in the household (OR, 2.30; 95% CI, 1.2-4.4), poor speech intelligibility (OR, 2.26; 95% CI, 1.2-4.3), maternal history of voice problems (OR, 4.54; 95% CI, 1.2-16.4), participating in online gaming (OR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.0-2.3), and secondhand smoke exposure (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.1-2.6). Voice use-related risk factors included frequent talking, coughing, throat clearing, tantrums/crying, and vocal strain. Voice problems were associated with substantially detracted quality of life as measured by the Pediatric Voice-Related Quality of Life questionnaire, limited social/extracurricular interactions, increased school absences, and negative attention from adults. The results of this survey study suggest that pediatric voice problems are relatively common and detract from quality of life. Specific environmental and behaviorial factors are associated with increased risk for voice disorders.

Consumer Behavior of School-Going Children Towards Fast Food Items in New Delhi

Amongst all modifiable risk factors for nutrition-related health problems in school-aged children are dietary choices. Fast food culture is becoming popular among school-aged children. It is highly convenient and tasty, and youngsters enjoy it due to peer pressure. However, understanding how students are drawn to fast foods has become increasingly important in recent years. The purpose of this study is to learn about the fast-food consumption patterns and preferences of school-aged children in New Delhi. In this study, a self-designed and pretested questionnaire was used to conduct the research. The acquired raw data was subjected to appropriate statistical analysis in order to produce relevant results. The results showed that 15% of participants do not have a preference for fast food, compared to the majority of children (85.25%) who are more likely to prefer eating fast food. According to the percentage of school-age children who eat fast food, 22% of them eat pizza/week, 16% of them eat pasta twice weekly, and 27% of them eat Maggi once or twice a week. In contrast, only 12% of them eat wraps weekly, 12% of them eat wafers, 17% of them eat cookies twice weekly, and 32% of them eat doughnuts infrequently. Fast food contains high levels of unhealthy sugars and fats that are also addictive, which makes it difficult for kids to make good eating choices.

Combined and sequential exposure to prenatal second hand smoke and postnatal maternal distress is associated with cingulo-opercular global efficiency and attention problems in school-age children

BackgroundPrenatal exposure to secondhand (environmental) tobacco smoke (SHS) is associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes, including altered functional activation of cognitive control brain circuitry and increased attention problems in children. Exposure to SHS is more common among Black youth who are also disproportionately exposed to socioeconomic disadvantage and concomitant maternal distress. We examine the combined effects of exposure to prenatal SHS and postnatal maternal distress on the global efficiency (GE) of the brain's cingulo-opercular (CO) and fronto-parietal control (FP) networks in childhood, as well as associated attention problems. MethodsThirty-two children of non-smoking mothers followed in a prospective longitudinal birth cohort at the Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health (CCCEH) completed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at ages 7–9 years old. GE scores were extracted from general connectivity data collected while children completed the Simon Spatial Incompatibility functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) task. Prenatal SHS was measured using maternal urinary cotinine from the third trimester; postnatal maternal distress was assessed at child age 5 using the Psychiatric Epidemiology Research Interview (PERI-D). The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) measured Attention and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) problems at ages 7–9. Linear regressions examined the interaction between prenatal SHS and postnatal maternal distress on the GE of the CO or FP networks, as well as associations between exposure-related network alterations and attention problems. All models controlled for age, sex, maternal education at prenatal visit, race/ethnicity, global brain correlation, and mean head motion. ResultsThe prenatal SHS by postnatal maternal distress interaction term associated with the GE of the CO network (β = 0.673, Bu = 0.042, t(22) = 2.427, p = .024, D = 1.42, 95% CI [0.006, 0.079], but not the FP network (β = 0.138, Bu = 0.006, t(22) = 0.434, p = .668, 95% CI [−0.022, 0.033]). Higher GE of the CO network was associated with more attention problems (β = 0.472, Bu = 43.076, t(23) = 2.780, p = .011, D = 1.74, n = 31, 95% CI [11.024, 75.128], n = 31) and ADHD risk (β = 0.436, Bu = 21.961, t(29) = 2.567, p = .018, D = 1.81, 95% CI [4.219, 39.703], n = 30). ConclusionsThese preliminary findings suggest that sequential prenatal SHS exposure and postnatal maternal distress could alter the efficiency of the CO network and increase risk for downstream attention problems and ADHD. These findings are consistent with prior studies showing that prenatal SHS exposure is associated with altered function of brain regions that support cognitive control and with ADHD problems. Our model also identifies postnatal maternal distress as a significant moderator of this association. These data highlight the combined neurotoxic effects of exposure to prenatal SHS and postnatal maternal distress. Critically, such exposures are disproportionately distributed among youth from minoritized groups, pointing to potential pathways to known mental health disparities.

Hot and cool executive function in the development of behavioral problems in grade school.

Despite the well-established link between children's executive function and behavioral adjustment, it remains unclear whether the hot and cool aspects of executive function are uniquely associated with children's behavioral problems. Using longitudinal data spanning in the grade school (N = 1,140), this study aimed to examine whether hot and cool executive function skills may be uniquely related to the development of behavioral problems. Hot and cool executive function skills were measured with tasks, standardized tests, and questionnaires at 54 months and in the first grade, respectively. Internalizing and externalizing problems were evaluated by teachers using questionnaires throughout the grade school. The results indicated that, independent of each other, hot and cool executive function skills were uniquely and negatively related to the development of internalizing and externalizing problems over time at the between-individual level, adjusting for within-individual fluctuations. Moreover, internalizing and externalizing problems were positively related at the between-individual level across the grade school. Findings provide needed evidence to clarify the relations between hot and cool executive function and children's behavioral problems, emphasizing the importance of both aspects of executive function in understanding the development of behavioral problems in school-age children.

Epigenome-wide association study identifies neonatal DNA methylation associated with two-year attention problems in children born very preterm

Prior research has identified epigenetic predictors of attention problems in school-aged children but has not yet investigated these in young children, or children at elevated risk of attention problems due to preterm birth. The current study evaluated epigenome-wide associations between neonatal DNA methylation and attention problems at age 2 years in children born very preterm. Participants included 441 children from the Neonatal Neurobehavior and Outcomes in Very Preterm Infants (NOVI) Study, a multi-site study of infants born < 30 weeks gestational age. DNA methylation was measured from buccal swabs collected at NICU discharge using the Illumina MethylationEPIC Bead Array. Attention problems were assessed at 2 years of adjusted age using the attention problems subscale of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). After adjustment for multiple testing, DNA methylation at 33 CpG sites was associated with child attention problems. Differentially methylated CpG sites were located in genes previously linked to physical and mental health, including several genes associated with ADHD in prior epigenome-wide and genome-wide association studies. Several CpG sites were located in genes previously linked to exposure to prenatal risk factors in the NOVI sample. Neonatal epigenetics measured at NICU discharge could be useful in identifying preterm children at risk for long-term attention problems and related psychiatric disorders, who could benefit from early prevention and intervention efforts.

Computerized adaptive testing to screen pre-school children for emotional and behavioral problems.

Questionnaires to detect emotional and behavioral (EB) problems in preventive child healthcare (PCH) should be short; this potentially affects their validity and reliability. Computerized adaptive testing (CAT) could overcome this weakness. The aim of this study was to (1) develop a CAT to measure EB problems among pre-school children and (2) assess the efficiency and validity of this CAT. We used a Dutch national dataset obtained from parents of pre-school children undergoing a well-child care assessment by PCH (n = 2192, response 70%). Data regarded 197 items on EB problems, based on four questionnaires, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), the Ages and Stages Questionnaire: Social Emotional (ASQ:SE), and the Brief Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (BITSEA). Using 80% of the sample, we calculated item parameters necessary for a CAT and defined a cutoff for EB problems. With the remaining part of the sample, we used simulation techniques to determine the validity and efficiency of this CAT, using as criterion a total clinical score on the CBCL. Item criteria were met by 193 items. This CAT needed, on average, 16 items to identify children with EB problems. Sensitivity and specificity compared to a clinical score on the CBCL were 0.89 and 0.91, respectively, for total problems; 0.80 and 0.93 for emotional problems; and 0.94 and 0.91 for behavioral problems. Conclusion: A CAT is very promising for the identification of EB problems in pre-school children, as it seems to yield an efficient, yet high-quality identification. This conclusion should be confirmed by real-life administration of this CAT. What is Known: • Studies indicate the validity of using computerized adaptive test (CAT) applications to identify emotional and behavioral problems in school-aged children. • Evidence is as yet limited on whether CAT applications can also be used with pre-school children. What is New: • The results of this study show that a computerized adaptive test is very promising for the identification of emotional and behavior problems in pre-school children, as it appears to yield an efficient and high-quality identification.

ASSESSMENT OF BEHAVIORAL PROBLEM AMONG SCHOOL CHILDREN AND HEALTH SEEKING BEHAVIOR OF PARENT IN SELECTED URBAN COMMUNITY, WEST BENGAL

Introduction: Behavioral problem are the reactions to emotional disturbance or environmental maladjustments. Behavioral problems in school aged children can cause significant difficulties in children’s healthy development.Aim: To find out the behavioral problem of school children and health seeking behavior of parents in urban community in Kolkata.Methods: A descriptive study was conducted to detect the behavioral problem of school children, health seeking behavior of parents, relationship of behavioral problem of school children and health seeking behavior of parents, association behavioral problem and health seeking behavior with selected demographic variables. A total of 150 participants were selected through Cluster sampling technique. Data were collected through Semi-structured Interview Schedule, Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire by Robert Goodman and Structured Interview Schedule to assess socio- demographic information, behavioral problems and Health seeking behavior of participants respectively.Result: Results revealed that 98 (65.33%) children belongs to normal category followed by abnormal category 30(20%) and borderline category 22(14.66%): area wise children's behavioral problems mean% score of pro-social scale was (83.47%) followed by hyperactivity scale (73.47%), emotional problem (45.33%), conduct problem (37.47%) and peer problem (34%). Most of the mothers 28 (93.33%) had perceived behavioral problem of their child, 15 (50%) had taken action to relief the problem, 15 (50%) had seek advice from government hospital, only 3(10%) received treatment from Ojha, Quack practitioner, 27 (90%) perceived wrong decision cause delay or no health seeking. There was a positive correlation (0.222) between behavioral problem among school children and health seeking behavior of their parents. Age of mother and No. of siblings were significantly associated with behavioral problems; education of mother has been associated with health seeking behavior of mother having children with behavioral problem.Conclusion: Mental health of a child is of basic importance to gain the ability to live harmoniously in the changing environment. The community which neglects its children retards its future progresses. Children are dependent on their parents for their health and wellbeing. This study results focused that immediate need for regular assessment of children for early identification of behavioral problem.

Pengukuran dan Penilaian Status Gizi Anak Sekolah Dasar Negeri 100 Kendari Menggunakan Indeks Massa Tubuh Menurut Umur

&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;The growth and development of school-age children are linked to their nutritional status. It is necessary to monitor the nutritional well-being of these children, as issues during this crucial period can have lasting effects on their future and impact the overall quality of human resources. This research was performed to measure and assess the nutritional status of elementary school children at State Elementary School 100 Kendari based on the Body Mass Index for Age (BMI/A). The participants were pre-adolescents aged between 10-12 years old at the fourth, fifth, and sixth grade totaling to 63 students. The anthropometric measurements of weight and height was used as the primary method for assessment. Nutritional status was determined through the BMI/A. The results indicate that in the fourth grade, 12 students (57%) were classified as underweight, 8 students (38%) as normal, and 1 student (5%) as overweight. Similarly, in the fifth grade, 10 students (48%) were under weight, 8 students (38%) were normal, and 3 students (14%) were overweight. In the sixth grade, 9 students (43%) were under weight, 9 students (43%) had a normal nutritional status, and 3 students (14%) were overweight. Regular monitoring of nutritional status is emphasized as a preventive measure against nutritional problems in school-age children. &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Longitudinal predictions between executive function and general and specific psychiatric problems in school-age children.

This study examined the longitudinal associations of various executive function components with subsequent psychiatric problems in Chinese school-age children. Data from 1,639 children (44.36% girls) ages 6-13 years were drawn from the Children School Functions and Brain Development project. Executive function components were assessed by the cancellation test, the Corsi test, and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Psychiatric problems were determined by parent report. All assessments were administered twice, separated by a 1-year interval. Cross-lagged panel models showed that cognitive flexibility and general psychiatric problems (general p) mutually predicted each other. Worse inhibitory control at baseline significantly predicted more externalizing problems 1 year later, regardless of age, while externalizing problems did not significantly predict inhibitory control 1 year later. Working memory at baseline did not significantly predict internalizing problems and vice versa. These findings demonstrate that better inhibitory control may help to prevent or reduce externalizing problems in Chinese school-age children and that higher cognitive flexibility may help to mitigate general psychiatric problems. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

PEMBERIAN EDUKASI GIZI DAN PSIKOLOGI PERKEMBANGAN ANAK KEPADA ORANGTUA SISWA DI SD INPRES OEPURA 3 KOTA KUPANG

School-age children are children aged between 6-12 years. The 6-12 years period is a time when children experience rapid growth and development. Foods that contain nutritional elements are needed for the growth and development process of children. The 2018 Riskesdas results show that nutrition problems in school-age children need attention from all parties. In NTT, the prevalence of very short and short in children aged 5-12 years reached 41.1%, very thin and thin reached 18.5%, and fat and obese 6.1%. One of the efforts to improve the nutritional status of school children is to provide education to parents about balanced nutrition and child development psychology so that there is an increase in maternal knowledge and children's nutritional status. Baseline results at SD Impres Oepura 3 parents have never done nutritional status screening and education on balanced nutrition and psychology of school children's development. The purpose of this community service is to increase parents' knowledge about balanced nutrition and child development psychology and have a picture of the nutritional status of elementary school students. Activities were carried out at SD Inpres Oepura 3. Activities were carried out in the form of counseling using lecture methods and pocket book tools involving parents. Evaluation of activities is carried out in the form of pre-post tests. The results of education have increased parental knowledge by 81.5%.

Association between sensory reactivity and feeding problems in school-aged children: InProS Study

This study aimed to explore the association between sensory reactivity (SR) and feeding problems in children at 3–7 years of age. We analysed data from 589 Spanish children from the InProS project, a population-based cross-sectional study. SR was measured using the Short Sensory Profile (SSP) as a two-level categorical variable (SR or no SR) and feeding problems (food variety, texture problems, or both feeding problems) were collected using closed questions (yes or no). Multiple Poisson regression models were used to estimate associations adjusted for potential confounding variables. Results showed the following prevalence rates for SR: 29.0% (SSP total score <155), 11.4% (tactile sensitivity <30), 14.8% (taste/smell sensitivity <15), 22.1% (movement sensitivity <13), 49.1% (low responsiveness/seeking sensation <27), 43.6% (auditory filtering <23), 11.6% (low energy/weak <26), and 25.3% (visual/auditory sensitivity <19). Around a fifth of children (18.3%) consumed a limited variety of foods, 4.9% had difficulties in the transition/introduction of textures, and 3.9% had both feeding problems. The presence of taste/smell sensitivity was associated with difficulties in the transition/introduction of textures (PR = 1.17, 95%CI = 1.09–1.27), limited variety of foods (PR = 1.42, 95%CI = 1.31–1.53), and both feeding problems (PR = 1.31, 95%CI = 1.19–1.44). In addition, children with total SR or auditory filtering SR were associated with a higher prevalence of consuming a limited variety of foods (PR = 1.13, 95%CI = 1.06–1.20 and PR = 1.08, 95%CI = 1.02–1.15, respectively). These findings highlight the importance of considering SR as a potential predictor of feeding problems, especially in children with taste/smell sensitivity. However, further studies are needed to confirm these findings.

The relationship between alexithymia, emotion regulation, and sleep problems in school-aged children: A multicentric study

ObjectivesAlexithymia, mood dysregulation, and sleep quality have complicated effects on children's development. The current study aimed to investigate the relationship between alexithymia, emotion regulation, psychiatric problems, and sleep problems among Egyptian school-aged children. MethodsA total of 564 Egyptian children, aged 6 to 14, were divided into two groups based on their total Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire abbreviated score: group 1 (N = 300) with sleep problems and group 2 (N = 264) with non-sleep problems. Their parents completed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and subjectively assessed the children's emotions using the Children's Alexithymia Measure (CAM) and the Clinical Evaluation of Emotional Regulation-9 (CEER-9). ResultsMales were more proportional in the sleep problems group than others. The sleep problem group was significantly younger and had a longer daily sleep duration than the non-sleep problem group. Alexithymia and emotion dysregulation had the highest mean in the sleep problem group. Furthermore, alexithymia, emotion dysregulation, emotion difficulty, conduct, and prosocial problems were the most significant contributing factors and risk factors for sleep problems in children. ConclusionSleep problems in children were associated with younger male children with lengthy daily sleep duration and emotional, behavioural, and prosocial difficulties. Furthermore, alexithymia and emotion dysregulation are significant contributors and risk factors for sleep problems in school-aged children.

The Effect of Balanced Nutrition Educational Game Methods on The Behaviour of Consuming Healthy Food in Student of The State Elementary School

Health problems in school-age children, especially in terms of nutrition, are still a problem in Indonesia, such as being underweight and overweight, this is caused by physical activity, and vice versa, nutritional status affects children's physical activity. Therefore, dietary problems often experienced by school-age children, such as malnutrition and overnutrition, if these nutritional problems are not treated as early as possible, can affect children's health in the future.&#x0D; This study is a pre-experimental research design that used one group pre-test and posttest, namely the effect of the balanced nutrition education game method on healthy eating behavior in students of SDN 87 Jambi City, which was carried out one time, before and after giving a balanced nutrition educational game.&#x0D; The results showed effect of the educational game method on the Wilcoxon test results showed the Asymp Sig (2-tailed) value of 0.000. The balanced nutrition education game method influences the behavior of consuming healthy food at SD Negeri 87 Jambi City in 2022. This is hoped to continue to provide balanced nutrition education using media that researchers for students have created so they can consume healthy balanced nutrition food.

EFEKTIVITAS PEDOMAN ‘PEMAHAT ASIK’ TERHADAP PERILAKU ANAK DAN ORANGTUA DALAM MENCEGAH MASALAH STATUS GIZI

The national prevalence of obesity problems in children aged 6-12 years is still categorized as high. Obesity will cause health problems in school-age children, around 20-30% of children suffer from hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and sleep apnea. Factors that influence the occurrence of overweight in children are eating behavior and physical activity. Eating behavior and activities are influenced by children's knowledge, eating habits, and environmental factors. Children who have light physical activity have a 3 times greater risk factor for obesity. Providing health education can increase understanding of healthy eating behavior and optimizing physical activity. This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of implementing dietary and physical activity behavior guidelines on obesity prevention behavior. The research method used pre-experimental design with a one group pretest-posttest design. The population in this study were parents of students in grades 4-6. The sampling technique was carried out using probability sampling, namely total sampling. Questionnaire used in this study was modifications from Food Frequency Questionnare and Adolescent Sedentary Activity Questionnare. The bivariate analysis was carried out using the nonparametric Wilcoxon Test. The research results showed a p-value &lt; 0,05 so that providing guidelines for healthy eating behavior and physical activity was effective in changing the behavior of children and parents in preventing nutritional status problems. The teachers is expected to provide regular education to students so that nutritional status problems can be resolved.

Pragmatic Skills in School-Age Children With Primary Language Impairment and Language-Learning Disabilities

We conducted a scoping review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses to map the available research describing verbal pragmatic skills development and problems in school-age children with primary language impairments and children with language-learning disabilities. A total of 112 reports met inclusion criteria for our review. Many studies were published in journals focused on communication disorders between the years 2000 and 2019 and targeted K-12 children in the United States or the United Kingdom with developmental language disorder who were most often compared with age-matched typically developing peers using a group comparison research design. Over 60% of the studies had fewer than 25 participants in the target group. Nearly two thirds of study participants were boys, and most were Caucasian from middle- to upper-income families. The majority of studies used multiple outcome measures in data analyses, most often norm-referenced and researcher-designed tests, language sample analysis, and rating scales. A third of studies omitted information about outcome measure reliability and nearly all studies omitted validity data. Several studies are described in detail as examples and a summary of the major findings from the reviewed studies is presented.

A BUMPY ROAD TO YOUTH: A CROSS SECTIONAL SURVEY TO ASSESS EMOTIONAL AND BEHAVIORAL ISSUES OF CHILDREN OF PESHAWAR

Objective: To determine the prevalence of Emotional and Behavioral problems in school-aged children of Pesha­war Pakistan. Methodology: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on students with the age range of 10-13 years from dif­ferent private institutions of Peshawar from January to June 2022. The strength and difficulty questionnaire was used to check the emotional and behavioral problems of children along with demographic information. Analysis was done using SPSS v.26 and the results of a test of significance were considered significant at p&lt;0.05 level. Results: The response rate was 93%, with the mean age (n=2053) of 12.45 + 0.79 years. The Reliability of the scale strength and difficulty Questionnaire (SDQ) through Cronbach Alpha reliability was 0.668. The majority of the students were boys (n=1768,86.1%), middle born (n=1924, 93.7%), and belonged to middle socio-economic status (n=2027, 98.7%) respectively. According to the responses on the strength and difficulty questionnaire (SDQ), the prevalence rate was 27.6% (n=566) as abnormal cases. Regarding gender difference, a significant result found that males have more conduct, hyperactivity, and peer problems (p= 0.000) than females. A statisti­cally significant relationship was found in self-reported SDQ among age, gender, birth order, and educational level (p=0.000) through Linear regression analysis. Conclusion: It is estimated that almost one-third of the children reported emotional and behavioral problems. Furthermore, males had a higher level of behavioral problems, while females had more emotional problems.

Vancouver Symptom Score for Dysfunctional Elimination Syndrome: Hindi translation and validation.

Bladder and bowel dysfunction (BBD) is a common problem in school-aged children and is evaluated using questionnaires. Among available questionnaires, "Vancouver Symptom Score for Dysfunctional Elimination Syndrome" (VSSDES) is considered superior in validity and reliability. We translated VSSDES into Hindi and performed validity and reliability testing of Hindi-VSSDES in children aged 4-16 years with lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD). In this cross-sectional study, we followedConsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments recommendation to develop Hindi-VSSDES. Forward-translation-harmonization-back-translation-expert committee review-prefinal version sequence of translation was followed by cognitive debriefing. One hundred and sixteen children with symptoms suggestive of LUTD and 106 healthy controls were recruited. Construct validity of Hindi-VSSDES was assessed via structural validity (factor analysis) and hypotheses testing. In addition, test-retest reliability and internal-consistency reliability were assessed. Hindi-VSSDES had acceptable face validity. Factor analysis identified four factors representing three domains. All a priori hypotheses were met. The questionnaire displayed excellent convergent validity and discriminative ability (area under receiver operating characteristic curve 0.83). The cutoff scores for screening and diagnosis were 7 and 11, respectively. Scores were comparable whether children self-filled the questionnaire or parents were proxy. Scores in girls were significantly higher. It had an excellent test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.96) and Cronbach's ɑ was 0.62. The smallest detectable change was 4.1 points. Median time to complete the questionnaire was 7 min and majority (91%) rated it as easy. Hindi-VSSDES is the first validated and reliable Hindi questionnaire for children with BBD. Clinimetric properties of responsiveness and interpretability are yet to be tested.

Social and Behavioral Problems in School-Aged Children After Maternal Postpartum Depression: A Secondary Analysis of Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study.

To examine the relation between perinatal depression at child age 1 year and behavioral issues and altered social functioning at school age. The Future of Families (formerly Fragile Families) and Child Wellbeing Study longitudinal cohort age 9 nationally representative urban sample was used to examine associations between maternal depression at child age 1 and child behavior and social functioning at age 9 (n = 2,305 children and their mothers). Measures included the Composite International Diagnostics Interview (depression), Child Behavior Checklist total score (child behavior problems) and social function subscale. Clinical significance of child behavior problems and social function problems were determined by normed T-scores. Analyses included chi square, t-tests, and linear regression using SAS 9.4 Survey procedures. Higher household income was associated with lower behavior problem scores (F = 8.76, p < 0.0001, R2 = 0.07. School-aged children whose mothers had major depression at child age 1 (10.8%) were more than twice as likely to have clinically significant behavior problems (OR 2.46, p < 0.0001) than children whose mothers did not have depression (4.1%). Further, children with depressed mothers were more than twice as likely to have clinically significant social function problems than children whose mothers were not depressed (OR = 2.09, p < 0.0001). Children whose mothers were depressed at child age 1 have higher risk of having behavior problems and poor social functioning at age 9. Early and repeated maternal depression screening is needed to treat the disease sooner and attempt to avoid these outcomes.

Bullying victimization and internalizing and externalizing problems in school-aged children: The mediating role of sleep disturbance and the moderating role of parental attachment

BackgroundStudies have shown that bullying victimization may be related to internalizing and externalizing problems; however, the mechanism underlying this relationship remains unknown. This study explored the mediating role of sleep disturbance and the moderating role of parental attachment. MethodsA total of 1543 Chinese primary school students (M age = 8.92 years, SD1.7 years; range, 6–12) completed bullying victimization, sleep disturbance, and parental attachment measures, and provided information on their parents' occupations. The parents or guardians (n = 1995) also completed ratings on their children's internalizing and externalizing problems. ResultsIt was found that bullying victimization directly affected internalizing and externalizing problems and also influenced sleep disturbance. Regardless of the parent's socioeconomic status, parental attachment was found to moderate the relationship between bullying victimization and internalizing problems. ConclusionsThese findings contribute to understanding the partial mediating mechanism of sleep disturbance in the association between bullying victimization and internalizing and externalizing problems. The protective role of parental attachment proved central to preventing internalizing problems in bullied children. Intervention programs that enhance parental attachment and improve sleep quality could assist in mitigating the impact of bullying victimization on internalizing or externalizing problems.

Executive function and behaviour problems in school-age children born at risk of neonatal hypoglycaemia.

To examine the relationship between neonatal hypoglycaemia and specific areas of executive function and behaviour in mid-childhood. Participants in a prospective cohort study of infants born late preterm or at term at risk of neonatal hypoglycaemia were assessed at 9 to 10 years. We assessed executive function using performance-based (Cambridge Neuropsychological Tests Automated Battery) and questionnaire-based (Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function) measures and behaviour problems with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Data are reported as adjusted odds ratio (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals, and standardized regression coefficients. We assessed 480 (230 females, 250 males; mean age 9 years 5 months [SD 4 months, range 8 years 8 months-11 years 0 months]) of 587 eligible children (82%). There were no differences in performance-based executive function between children who did and did not experience neonatal hypoglycaemia (blood glucose <2.6 mmoL/L). However, children who experienced hypoglycaemia, especially if severe or recurrent, were at greater risk of parent-reported metacognition difficulties (aOR 2.37-3.71), parent-reported peer (aOR 1.62-1.89) and teacher-reported conduct (aOR 2.14 for severe hypoglycaemia) problems. Both performance- and questionnaire-based executive functions were associated with behaviour problems. Neonatal hypoglycaemia may be associated with difficulties in specific aspects of parent-reported executive functions and behaviour problems in mid-childhood.