Problem In Major Cities Research Articles

The Analysis of Service Level on Diponegoro Road, Pasar Aceh: Comparing The Existing Condition and with on-Street Parking Restriction

Traffic congestion is a major problem in cities, especially on the main roads in the Central Business District (CBD) area, as occurred on Diponegoro Road in Banda Aceh, Indonesia. This problem has economic, social, and environmental impacts, such as fuel wastage, longer travel times, and air pollution from vehicle exhaust gases. Factors causing traffic congestion include side friction, such as road crossings (Pedestrian/PED), parking and stop vehicles (PSV), entry and exit vehicles (EEV), and slowmoving vehicles (SMV). Diponegoro Road is a three-lane one-way road (3/1 TT). However, only one lane is effective during peak hours, while the other is used for vehicle parking. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the service level of Dipenogoro Road under existing conditions and with the implementation of on-street parking restrictions. The road performance was calculated using the Indonesian Road Capacity Guidelines (PKJI) 2023 method. The data needed are traffic volume, road geometrics, side friction, and population. The study results show that the road's service level on weekdays (Monday and Thursday) is on level C, indicating that traffic conditions limit the speed and movement of vehicles, and the drivers are restricted in choosing the desired speed. On Sunday mornings, the road level of service is on level B, while in the afternoon, it becomes level D. This difference in service level occurs because there is no activity to access schools or workplaces on Sunday mornings. On Sunday afternoons, most citizens go shopping or sightseeing, causing volume and roadside friction to increase and road performance to drop. The level of road service with the implementation of on-street parking restrictions shows a good level (A and B), with an indication of stable traffic flow, and drivers are free to choose their driving speed. Thus, this research recommends maximizing off-street parking to limit on-street parking.

Dynamics of Local Government Policy in Waste Management in Indonesia

This article is written on the basis of the current condition of waste management problems in Indonesia, where problems in major cities in Indonesia have experienced a position in the waste emergency phase. Various forms of waste management that have been carried out by regions in Indonesia do not necessarily reduce the volume of accumulated waste generation and have become a common daily sight. This paper uses case studies from various major waste management cities in Indonesia. In general, the findings found that waste problems in various major cities in Indonesia are not spared from the dynamics that develop in their respective regions. It takes not only the ability but also the ability of local governments to commit to waste control in their respective cities through local government policies that are oriented towards clean, environmentally friendly, and innovative cities.

Advanced Traffic Light Controller System Using FPGA Implementation

Abstract: The people’s population, and the vehicles which travels on the roads are increasing in our day today life, the traffic congestion is the major problem in major cities. The major reasons behind the traffic issue is that the inefficiency of the techniques and algorithms which are used in the existing traffic light system which are unable to adapt to the continuous traffic situation and eventually lead to traffic congestion. Therefore, to prevent these situations we introduces an advance system which are able to improve the current traffic control. In this project, an FPGA based Smart Traffic Light Control System (STLCS) is proposed with number of vehicles which are further used to calculate the proper time for control of signal lights by using the timing algorithms. Once the timer limit is reached, then the other light turns ON and the request signal is fed to the FPGA, to calculate the signal for the next turn, these processes are done repeatedly. Moreover, a precautionary measure has a maximum and minimum green light timer which are fixed within the timing algorithm to prevent the vehicle detection error, and the waiting of vehicles in queue in other lanes. In this project, ISim software are used to simulate the traffic light controller system that are written in Verilog Hardware Description Language (HDL).

Design and Fabrication of Plunger Type Compressed Air Vehicle

Abstract: Today air pollution is the major problem in major cities of the world. Climate change is also a big problem we have faced. This project is based on the Design of Air Compressed Vehicle. We used Air as a fuel which is abundantly present in the atmosphere. Increases in petrol prizes and the pollution so this research is the better alternative of the petrol engine. The air compressed vehicle doesn’t use any type of hydrocarbon fuel hence this process doesn’t emit the combustive gases. Many researchers and scientists are work on the design and fabrication of air driven vehicle equipped with pneumatic system. This project is based on unconventional substitute for transportation challenges as this technology claims to zero emissions while providing the power and performance needed for light vehicle applications. It is the greener type of technology we will be use here and the demand of this technology in future is more. This paper tells us about the description of how a compressed air vehicle using this technology was made. Keywords: Pollution free, Simple Design, Noise-free, Lightweight, Pneumatic system

Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Noise in Selected Areas of Oyo Township

Noise is an important environmental problem in major cities of tropical African countries with Nigeria not exempted. The study adopted a quantitative measurement of noise at selected sites having heterogeneous spatial characteristics. The data collected were analyzed using totals, means, t-test and a two-way ANOVA. The study showed that noise is a feedback mechanism stemming from myriads of urbanization and industrialization processes, poor urban planning, social functions, vehicular activities (hooting), household activities, hawking and other commercial activities of the recent times. The study also showed that noise level is functionally related to temporal and spatial characteristics of places. All these have resulted in vulnerability and exposure of the cities dwellers to noise related health impairment despite the presence of some health care centres. The immediate responses known to have followed excessive noise in these areas are hearing loss, sleeping disorder, annoyance, communication impairment, health related problems like cardiovascular diseases, temporary or permanent deafness and the likes. It is hereby recommended that adequate and timely environmental education be organized for people to have a change of attitude towards noise level reduction in particular and environmental pollution in general.

Experimental and numerical analysis of deformation behaviour of tunnels under static loading conditions

The constant growth of cities has led to a shortage of land in metro areas as a result; numerous transportation issues must be addressed. The design of underground structures has proved to be very successful in overcoming these issues, as they have solved numerous traffic problems in major cities. However, due to their heterogeneous behaviour, these underground structures are extremely vulnerable to damage or failure. As a result, it is very important to keep underground structures secure under various loading conditions. This research aims to determine the deformation behaviour of single and twin tunnels under static loading conditions. The present study is divided into two steps. Firstly, laboratory experiments are carried out on small-scale physical simulated tunnels models. Secondly, numerical simulation of physical simulated tunnel models was carried out to determine the deformation that occurs at various points in the tunnel model. Then the results obtained from the experimental and numerical study are compared and validated. From the results, it is observed that experimental testing results are in good agreement with numerical modelling results. It is also observed that if the parameters are well selected for numerical analysis, it can be an easy and less time-consuming method for finding out strength and deformation behaviour for analysis and design of the tunnel. Therefore it can be concluded that the testing methodology which is proposed in this study can be used for the safe and economical design of both single and twin tunnels that are subjected to static loading conditions.

A Research to Design, Develop and Implementation of Android Application System for Waste Bank Sharia Community at Kampung Hijau Kemuning

The problem of garbage is a behavioral problem, therefore the need for a change in public behavior to discipline throwing garbage in place, and the problem of garbage becomes one of the problems in major cities and other metropolitan cities, including in Tangerang area. Household waste is one type of garbage that can cause increasing problems facing the government in dealing with it. Kampung Hijau Kemuning is one of the residential settlements in Binong Village, Curug Sub-District that manages sharia-based waste banks aimed at encouraging environmental rescue to be green, clean, reduce waste and become an additional source of income for the residents of Kampung Hijau Kemuning. In the process of waste bank management requires the development of either the use of computer applications based on android or in the process of financial management that is clean and free from usury in accordance with islamic (sharia) rules. The purpose of this research is to build an Android-based Sharia Waste Bank application with a user-friendly view using the Waterfall method. The waterfall model provides a sequential or sequenced approach to software life flow. The results of this research will help the process of managing innovative waste bank activities and become input to increase the empowerment of micro-business communities in an activity, especially in Tangerang area.

A GIS Based Mapping of Ambient Air Quality of Major Sites of Lahore

Ambient air pollution is emerging environmental problem in major cities of Pakistan. Service sector growth is 8% and there is a rapid development of infrastructure in cities especially in transport sector which causes ambient air pollution issues in mega cities. To estimate the level of pollution in the city of Lahore, ambient air quality mapping procedure was used with the help of Haz Scanner HIM-6000 equipped with different sensors and ArcGIS 10.3 software was used for mapping of these pollutants. This study continued for two months from September to October, 2017 for different pollutants like PM2.5, VOCs, Ozone, NOx, CO2, CO, SO2 and H2S. From the study, it was concluded that ambient air in Lahore has lot of pollutants especially PM2.5, NO, NO2, CO, SO2 where as conc. of VOCs, H2S and Ozone was in limits in relation to NEQs for these pollutants.

Dynamic control over traffic flow under urban traffic conditions

This article deals with solving topical issues of improving traffic effectiveness in major cities. The main traffic problem in major cities is a decrease in the throughput capacity of a street-road network and an increase in unpredictable travel time. The conducted study determined that the main reason for a decrease in the throughput capacity of a street-road network is the existence of traffic congestion modes and the formation of a shock wave with its spreading toward the oncoming traffic flow. To solve this problem, the dynamics of a change of parameters of a transport flow based on detection of the feature of the formation of a shock wave in a dense flow was simulated in the research. The analytical dependence on the rate of a density change under complicated traffic conditions on road sections makes it possible to determine the place of the shock wave formation to prevent its occurrence. The most common methods only affect the elimination of traffic congestions, which increases transport delays. To eliminate the congestion state on the open line of a street network, it was proposed to introduce dynamic traffic control. The feasibility of the above type of control is proved by simulating the impact of a change in the speed of traffic flow on its intensity. Theoretical models of traffic dynamics were developed for the street-road network section of the length of 1,500 m. The results of the simulating experiment on the urban open line that is 380 m long proved the adequacy of the model. The obtained results prove the possibility of decreasing intensity on the approach to congestion by reducing the speed of motion. This method of traffic control affects the end of a shock wave, rather than its front to prevent congestion. The research results affect an increase in network throughput

Design and Development of a Solar Artifact using Structural Analysis

The Flat or rooftop mountings of PV systems require large area of land for the generation of electricity. As per the present scenario, the availability of suitable land is a major problem in cities as well as in the villages in India. Keeping it in mind, a solar artifact has been designed and developed at our Institute. The necessary structural analysis and mechanical load has been done in reference with sustainable wind load of the structure. By taking Factor of safety as 15, the Von Mises Stress is found to be 307.948 MPa. A typical shadow analysis has also been carried out on the solar panels attached with the solar artifact to determine whether there is any overlap of solar panels and thereby to get maximum solar energy.

A Historical Perspective of Municipal Solid Waste Management and Recycling System in Japan: Learning for Developing Countries

The need for infectious disease control resulted in the establishment of a waste administration system in Japan in the early twentieth century. The unresolved sanitation problems in major cities arose from the narrow range of action by municipalities that activated the collaboration of stakeholders in 1954. The emergence of pollution problems from factories resulted in the separate treatment of industrial waste laid the cornerstone for the modern municipal solid waste (MSW) management system in 1970. The advancements reached in waste collection and transportation increased collection coverage put the public health importance of waste under control. The development of low-pollution environmental facilities reduced the urgency of living environment protection. The priority factor was changed from waste volume reduction to air pollution control and then to the efficiency of energy recovery in setting up waste incineration plants. The waste generation reduction became the priority policy when the need for resource management emerged in the 1990s. Since then, both the MSW generation and the final disposal amount have been declining, increasing in the remaining landfill lifetime. The recycling and bulky waste reprocessing facilities have been scaled-up, increasing recycling and recovery rate. The system has been evolved towards waste prevention through the earlier identification, recognition, and timely response to the development needs. This paper presents both the physical components and governance aspects in the historical development of MSW management and recycling systems in Japan, which can be used to outline the current and future needs of waste management planning in developing countries.

Sustainable Transportation Strategies in Baghdad City: Shaab – Selekh Intersection

Traffic congestion is the main traffic problem in major cities, which increases the psychological and health pressures on road users and society, as well as increasing the associated economic costs such as increasing fuel consumption and increasing the loss of cars, as well as increasing polluting emissions to the environment. The intersection of Shaab - Selekh in Baghdad city is one of the most important intersections for linking the center of Baghdad in the northern provinces. It is characterized by high traffic density, especially in the peak hours of morning and evening caused by congested traffic congestion, delay in the time of the trip, causing waste of a lot of time, cost, inconvenience and reduce the level of service. The research aims to know the level of service in the intersection and propose solutions that adopt sustainable transport strategies to improve the level of service and reduce congestion traffic at the intersection

Simulasi Proses Torefaksi Sampah Sistem Kontinu Menggunakan Software Aspen Plus

ABSTRACT Municipal Solid Waste becomes one of the most unbreakable major problem in cities in Indonesia than other problem. The heat that can be generated from municipal waste reaches 25,2 MJ / kg (6.000 kcal / kg) into one potential alternative energy source to be developed. One development that can be done is to do heat treatment with a solid fuel end product or called torrefaction.The objective of the study was to obtain solid fuel products equivalent to sub-bituminous coal. Developing a laboratory scale system for laboratory waste dumping using a tubular tube, calculates the energy requirement of waste dumping process with 50-80% moisture content in feed waste.The study used ASPENTM simulation software is to simulate the municipal solid waste system laboratory scale process using tubular reactor. The waste system's waste capacity is 5 kg / hour. The simulation system consists of a reactor dryer (Rstoic), reorefaction reactor (RYield), separator and splitsparator. The process of cultivation is retained at 100°C and the torefaction at 275°C occurs continuously on the tubular tube.The simulation results show that the waste water content of the baits has an effect on the energy needs in the drying process and the process of torefaction to the city. Drying energy requirements increased 1,3 kW-3,2 kW on waste water content varation 30- 80%, while solid fuel production reduced about 1,9 kg/hour to 0,5 kg/hour. Keywords: Waste, torrefaction continuous, simulation, Aspen plus.

A Study on Water Use Efficiency and Pollution Control by Hydroponic Technology

At present day we are facing the pollution problems in major cities like Delhi, Hyderabad, Punjab, Haryana and some districts of U.P. These areas are having air pollution, water pollution and soil problems. The hydroponic technology like rain tower, vertical farming and aquaponics can help to control the pollution. As we have water resources of 400 million hectare meter and in 1190mm of annual rainfall 70 million hectare meter is lost to atmosphere through evaporation and transpiration, about 115 million hectare meter flows as surface run-off and remaining 215 million hectare meter soaks or infiltrates into the soil profile. Where in this technology the we reuse the water and reduces the loses of the water. This also helps in increases the yield and doubling the income of farmers in a sustainable ways. Precision agriculture means site specific management practice, its delivery the ideas of doing thing at right time and at right place. This helps the farmer avoid wasting resources and prevent run-off, ensuring that the soil has just the right amount of additives for optimum health, while also reducing costs and controlling the farm's environmental impact.

Experimental Study on Utilization of Indonesian Non-Recycled Organic Waste as Renewable Solid Fuel Using Wet Torrefaction Process

Municipal solid waste (MSW) is a complex problem in major cities in Indonesia that has not been resolved. MSW is currently only collected and disposed to final landfill. On the other hand, national energy security is also an issue to be solved. Utilization of MSW, which is dominated by organic waste, as solid fuel can be a solution for both problems. This paper discusses an experimental study on utilization of organic waste as renewable solid fuel using a wet torrefaction process. Four types of samples were chosen to represent the four types of organic waste in MSW with the highest mass fraction found in a field survey: leaf litter, food waste, vegetable waste and fruit waste. Each sample was treated with wet torrefaction under four conditions: 150, 175, 200 and 225 oC with holding time 30 minutes. The experimental results showed that the optimum wet torrefaction temperature for mixed organic waste is between 200 and 225 °C, which is predicted to produce a solid product with a heating value (db) of 23.22-24.44 MJ/kg, volatile matter content of 61.18-66.00%, fixed carbon content of 26.04-31.35%, ash content of 7.47-7.96%, and energy yield equal to 58%. A higher operating temperature will increase the calorific value, followed by a decrease in mass yield as a consequence of the process severity degree. However, food waste torrefaction showed different characterisics: the increase in calorific value was followed by an increase in mass yield. This is unique and different from the results of wet torrefaction on other organic wastes. Keywords: Indonesian organic MSW, national energy security, wet torrefaction, renewable solid fuel.

The impact and cost-effectiveness of controlling cholera through the use of oral cholera vaccines in urban Bangladesh: A disease modeling and economic analysis.

BackgroundCholera remains an important public health problem in major cities in Bangladesh, especially in slum areas. In response to growing interest among local policymakers to control this disease, this study estimated the impact and cost-effectiveness of preventive cholera vaccination over a ten-year period in a high-risk slum population in Dhaka to inform decisions about the use of oral cholera vaccines as a key tool in reducing cholera risk in such populations.Methodology/Principal findingsAssuming use of a two-dose killed whole-cell oral cholera vaccine to be produced locally, the number of cholera cases and deaths averted was estimated for three target group options (1–4 year olds, 1–14 year olds, and all persons 1+), using cholera incidence data from Dhaka, estimates of vaccination coverage rates from the literature, and a dynamic model of cholera transmission based on data from Matlab, which incorporates herd effects. Local estimates of vaccination costs minus savings in treatment costs, were used to obtain incremental cost-effectiveness ratios for one- and ten-dose vial sizes. Vaccinating 1–14 year olds every three years, combined with annual routine vaccination of children, would be the most cost-effective strategy, reducing incidence in this population by 45% (assuming 10% annual migration), and costing was $823 (2015 USD) for single dose vials and $591 (2015 USD) for ten-dose vials per disability-adjusted life year (DALY) averted. Vaccinating all ages one year and above would reduce incidence by >90%, but would be 50% less cost-effective ($894–1,234/DALY averted). Limiting vaccination to 1–4 year olds would be the least cost-effective strategy (preventing only 7% of cases and costing $1,276-$1,731/DALY averted), due to the limited herd effects of vaccinating this small population and the lower vaccine efficacy in this age group.Conclusions/SignificanceProviding cholera vaccine to slum populations in Dhaka through periodic vaccination campaigns would significantly reduce cholera incidence and inequities, and be especially cost-effective if all 1–14 year olds are targeted.

Stakeholder Engagement for Decision-Making on Urban Air Pollution Control

Air pollution has been a major problem in cities around the world and a challenge for public health in the 21st century. The local scientific evidence is crucial to decision-making and urban planni...

Ozone Formation Potential and Priority Species of VOCs in an Industrial Park

Ground-level ozone (O3) pollution is a serious problem in major cities in China. The control of its precursors, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), is a key to limiting ozone production. The ozone formation potential of VOCs in an industrial park in Tianjin was studied by collecting gas samples at the factory boundaries of six representative enterprises. The PTR-TOF-MS was used to analyze VOCs quantitatively. The VOCs/NOx ratio was used to determine the control strategies. The priority VOCs were selected based on the entropy method. Our results indicated that, the ozone formation potential concentration of enterprise F was the highest with the concentration of 0.4233 mg·m-3 using the propylene-equivalent concentration (PEC) scale; the highest concentration was obtained at enterprise C with 1.5733 mg·m-3 using maximum incremental reactivity(MIR) scale. The result of PEC scale is closer to the O3 concentration, which is applicable to the study of ozone generation in this industrial park. Ozone production is sensitive to both VOCs and NOx in this industrial park, joint control should be considered. Alkanes contributed most to ozone formation, followed by alkenes & alkynes, alcohols, and aromatics. The prior VOC species that need to be controlled include n-heptane and its isomers, n-nonane, n-octane and its isomers, undecane, pentane, n-decane, and methanol.

Model availability of landfill as a conflict mediation process in Central Java

Waste is still a problem in major cities in Indonesia. The high production of waste is not proportional to the availability of the landfill (TPA). The land use plans for waste landfill by local governments have conflict potential between government and community when such infrastructure facilities are not desired by the community. Environmental conflicts/disputes can be resolved through mediation mechanisms. This research uses linear regression modeling system to see the correlation between the amount of waste volume generated with the availability of landfill (TPA) in Central Java Province. The results showed the greater the number of residents the greater the volume of waste generated. In contrast the number of available landfill (TPA) is not affected by the volume of waste because the regression coefficient is only 0.0256.

Human Mobility Patterns for Different Regions in Myanmar Based on CDRs Data

Sustainable urban and transportation planning depends greatly on understanding human mobility patterns in urban area. Myanmar is one of the developing countries in ASEAN. It develops more rapidly as compare past years due to its international trade policy change and faces serious traffic problem in major cities. To solve these problem, human mobility pattern need to know for improvement. Therefore, this paper focuses to analyze different human mobility patterns for the different regions in Myanmar by using Call Detail Records (CDRs) Data. Such studies could be useful for creating transport model of mobility pattern. The numbers of trip generated are obtained by using CDRs over seven days period. CDRs of each region can be used to generate trip numbers of townships within certain time frame and time windows. In this study, average distance travelled, preferred days of long distance users and human mobility patterns at different times of weekdays and weekends in Yangon and Mandalay were analyzed. People living in Yangon area are generally more travelled than Mandalay on weekdays and weekends. The results indicated the similarities and differences in mobility patterns for both cities. This information is very useful for transport planning and future transportation developments.