English teaching plays an extremely important role in college education. It can not just improve students’ English level, but also help students adapt to the increasingly open and complex society. Besides, it is an important foundation for students to further go to the world and integrate in the world development trend. Although English teaching has received attention of various colleges and universities, there are still many problems in college English teaching, and the teaching effect is not obvious. To make teaching conform to the rapid development of the new education environment and make teaching practice more fitted with the standard of modern education, teaching mode reform for college English is imperative. Based on the teaching idea of “assessment for learning”, the teaching management system was designed in this study, including three steps: teaching intelligence system, assessment and test system, and information feedback system. Meanwhile, interactive teaching approach was combined to plan the interactive teaching process of college English course, including the process of proposing and solving questions, independent thinking and cooperative learning module, and leaning achievement exchange activity. In the end, assessment-for-learning teaching mode was used to collect the data of four dimensions (degree of learning engagement, completion degree of English learning content, degree of English learning interaction, and English learning effect) and the learning performance evaluation system supported by big data was established. The experimental results show that the teaching mode in this study could effectively improve students’ learning performance and enhance their actual English application ability.